CN114935279B - Metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
- F41H5/0421—Ceramic layers in combination with metal layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/23—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces involving a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis or reaction sintering step
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F3/26—Impregnating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/062—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on B4C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/065—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on SiC
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/12—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on oxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of armor protection. According to the invention, by introducing the metal constraint pre-compression structure, the damage tolerance of the ceramic when being impacted by the shot at a high speed is effectively improved, the phenomena of brittle failure, cracking and other premature failures caused by poor toughness of the ceramic can be relieved, and the multi-shot prevention capability of the ceramic composite armor can be improved. The invention does not need to additionally apply transition connecting materials between metal and ceramic, has clean interface and no impurities, and is beneficial to realizing the improvement of the physicochemical compatibility between the metal constraint layer and the ceramic in the casting link. According to the invention, three-dimensional prestress constraint is realized on the ceramic target plate through metal casting, while the toughness of the ceramic target plate is improved, a new phase is generated in the casting and heat preservation process to increase the strength of the bullet-landing surface of the target plate, the multiple-bullet resistance of the ceramic composite armor is improved, and the comprehensive protection of light weight and high strength is realized. The invention has no obvious size limitation and is convenient to apply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of armor protection.
Background
The composite armor is generally composed of different units, one type is a material unit, and the composite armor mainly plays a role by depending on the strength, the density and the like of materials; one is a structural unit, which mainly relies on special structural effects or combined effects of materials, such as double plates, laminates, etc. Ceramics have low density, high hardness, high modulus and high compressive strength, and are a promising high-performance armor material. But the ceramic has poor plastic deformation capability, cracks rapidly expand to generate brittle fracture when the ceramic is impacted by an elastic body, and the ceramic is difficult to resist multiple times of striking in a real combat environment. Therefore, the ceramic material is not suitable for being used as an armor structural member alone, and is often compounded with metal or fiber materials to prepare a composite armor material.
The ceramic matrix metal composite can fully exert the high hardness of ceramic and the toughness of metal in the anti-ballistic process, and the plastic deformation capability of the metal can effectively delay the expansion of brittle cracks and effectively improve the toughness and the multi-ballistic resistance protection capability of the metal. Meanwhile, the armor material is restrained, so that the effects of supporting the target plate and delaying cracking can be further achieved. The traditional ceramic restraining method is mainly characterized in that lateral restraint or one-dimensional restraint of a panel and a back plate is exerted by a ceramic and metal frame. If three-dimensional restraint is applied to the ceramic at the same time, namely the panel, the back plate and the lateral restraint exist at the same time, the protection failure caused by fragmentation and flying when the ceramic is impacted by the projectile can be better avoided. The traditional metal and ceramic plate compounding needs to add activated Mo-Mn, ni coating and Ag 72 Cu 28 And transition connection layers such as brazing filler metal and the like are used for ensuring the close combination of metal and ceramic.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor and a preparation method thereof, which can improve the damage tolerance of a ceramic target plate, generate a new phase in the casting heat preservation process to improve the strength of the bullet-landing surface of the target plate, realize three-dimensional prestress constraint on the ceramic target plate through metal casting, improve the multiple bullet-resisting capability of the ceramic composite armor and realize the comprehensive protection of light weight and high strength.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention discloses a metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor, which comprises a reaction layer, a ceramic framework and a casting metal layer, wherein the reaction layer is a hollow ceramic structure; the metal layer wraps the reaction layer and the ceramic framework; the ceramic framework is filled by casting molten metal in the ceramic framework, and the source of the reaction layer comprises two parts of aggregation and casting heat preservation after the ceramic framework is sintered.
The ceramic framework is fully filled after the molten metal is insulated to form the compact ceramic composite armor, so that the toughness is improved, three-dimensional compressive stress can be applied to the ceramic composite armor in the cooling process, the preparation of the ceramic composite armor under the constraint of prestress is realized, meanwhile, the strength of the cover plate can be further improved due to the existence of the reaction layer, and the remarkable improvement of the bullet resistance of the ceramic armor is finally realized.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor, which comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 20-50 vol.% of metal powder into the ceramic powder, taking alcohol as a dispersion medium, uniformly dispersing, drying and sieving to obtain the ceramic-metal mixed powder.
Step two, the mixed powder obtained in the step one is subjected to compression molding and cold isostatic pressing to form a homogeneous metal ceramic blank, and is subjected to high-temperature sintering to obtain a ceramic framework with a reaction layer at the bottom end; the reaction layer is formed by the fact that after the temperature rises, ceramic and part of metal are subjected to chemical reaction to form the reaction layer, the rest of metal is melted after the temperature rises to exceed the melting point and moves downwards under the action of gravity, the reaction layer is formed at the bottom end, and a through pore channel is formed at the upper part of the reaction layer to form a ceramic framework;
and step three, casting molten metal into the ceramic framework obtained in the step two, filling the framework gap after heat preservation, forming a metal layer around the ceramic framework, and quickly cooling to obtain the metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor.
The ceramic powder in the step one is SiC powder which can be replaced by Al 2 O 3 、B 4 C, powder for armor ceramics;
the metal powder in the step one is metal with a melting point lower than the sintering temperature of the ceramic.
The molten metal in the third step can be metal for armor such as Al, ti and the like and alloy thereof.
Step two, the sintering method comprises the following steps: sintering the preliminarily molded blank under the process of the temperature rise rate of 5-20 ℃/min, the sintering temperature of 1400-1900 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 1-4 h.
Has the advantages that:
(1) According to the metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor and the preparation method thereof disclosed by the invention, by introducing the metal constraint pre-compression structure, the damage tolerance of ceramic under high-speed impact of shot is effectively improved, the premature failure phenomena such as brittle failure, bursting and the like caused by poor toughness of the ceramic can be relieved, and the multi-shot resistant protective capability of the ceramic composite armor is favorably improved.
(2) According to the metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor and the preparation method thereof disclosed by the invention, a homogeneous metal ceramic blank can generate an intermetallic compound along with a chemical reaction in a sintering and heating process, the existence of the intermetallic compound improves the bonding state of ceramic and metal, a transition connecting material does not need to be additionally applied between the metal and the ceramic, the interface is clean and free of impurities, and the improvement of the physicochemical compatibility between a metal restraint layer and the ceramic in a casting link is facilitated.
(3) The invention discloses a metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor and a preparation method thereof 4 C 3 、Al 3 BC、TiC、Ti 3 SiC 2 The intermetallic compound and the ceramic with medium and high strength have better elastic resistance compared with the metal of the tough constrained layer.
(4) According to the metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor and the preparation method thereof disclosed by the invention, the cast metal not only can play a role of filling the ceramic framework toughening armor, but also can generate three-dimensional prestress constraint on the ceramic after cooling, so that the expansion and aggregation of cracks in the ceramic are effectively inhibited, and the toughness and the strength of the composite armor are further improved.
(5) According to the metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor and the preparation method thereof disclosed by the invention, the metal ceramic composite armor can effectively reduce the mass of the armor and reduce the load of the armor. The sintering temperature of the ceramic is reduced by introducing the metal, the manufacturing cost is low, and the method is suitable for industrial production. Meanwhile, the ceramic composite armor prepared by the method has no obvious size limitation, and is expected to be further applied to multi-cell periodic honeycomb structural armor and multilayer armor.
(6) Based on the beneficial effects, the metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor and the preparation method thereof disclosed by the invention can further improve the protection capability of the ceramic target plate on projectiles, fragments and armor-breaking jet flows, and especially can improve the multiple projectile resistance protection capability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a metal cast ceramic pre-stressed armor containment structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the results of the physical phase analysis of the reaction layer of the sample according to example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the results of the test of the samples of example 1 of the present invention to achieve complete protection against projectile penetration.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the results of a test in which the blank ceramic sample described in comparative example 1 was completely damaged by penetration of the shot.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
A metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor comprises a reaction layer, a ceramic framework and a casting metal layer; the metal layer wraps the reaction layer and the ceramic framework; the ceramic framework is filled after molten metal is cast in the ceramic framework, and the source of the reaction layer comprises two parts of aggregation and casting heat preservation after the ceramic framework is sintered.
The ceramic framework can be fully gap-filled after the molten metal is insulated to form a compact ceramic composite armor, the toughness is improved, three-dimensional compressive stress can be applied to the ceramic composite armor in the cooling process, the preparation of the ceramic composite armor under the constraint of prestress is realized, meanwhile, the strength of the cover plate can be further improved due to the existence of the reaction layer, and the remarkable improvement of the bullet resistance of the ceramic armor is finally realized.
A preparation method of a metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 20.0vol.% of powder with the particle size of 20-50 mu mAl and 1.0vol.% of sintering aid Si powder into SiC ceramic powder, adding ball grinding balls and alcohol into the mixed powder, stirring for 2-4 h, drying and sieving to obtain a homogeneous mixed split for later use;
(2) Maintaining the pressure of the homogenized mixed powder at 50MPa for 2min for preliminary die pressing, and maintaining the pressure at 260MPa for 3min for cold isostatic pressing;
(3) Densifying and sintering the homogeneous blank under the pressureless sintering process of heating rate of 10 ℃/min, sintering temperature of 1850 ℃ and heat preservation time of 3h, cooling along with the furnace, taking out for standby, obtaining a ceramic framework with a reaction layer at the bottom, wherein the reaction products at the bottom and the framework interface are SiC and Al 4 C 3 And Al 4 SiC 4 5 Etc.;
(4) After surface treatment is carried out on the fired Al/SiC ceramic composite material, the Al/SiC ceramic composite material is placed in a mold for preheating at 700 ℃, metal Al is fully melted by keeping the temperature of 850 ℃ for 2 hours, then molten aluminum is poured into the mold, and is fully melted by keeping the temperature of 700 ℃ for 1 hour, and then the aluminum/SiC ceramic composite material is cooled at room temperature.
The metal casting layer and the ceramic framework can form a good interface state at high temperature, the ceramic framework is fully filled to obtain a compact ceramic layer, compared with simple substance ceramic, the toughness of the ceramic layer introduced with the tough metal is greatly improved, and the possibility of brittle failure during the impact of the projectile is reduced. In addition, the strength and the hardness of the bottom reaction layer are obviously higher than those of the constraint metal aluminum, so that the protection efficiency in the process of impact can be improved. Meanwhile, the cast metal and the gap-filled ceramic skeleton form good constraint, and the rapid cooling at room temperature can generate larger prestress between the ceramic and the constraint metal, thereby further improving the bullet resistance of the composite armor. After long rod projectiles with the diameter of 8mm, the length of 20mm and the speed of 800m/s are used for penetration, residual projectiles are embedded into the ceramic, and the target plate is not punctured, so that the complete protection of the projectiles is realized, as shown in figure 3.
Example 2
A metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor comprises a reaction layer, a ceramic framework and a casting metal layer; the metal layer wraps the reaction layer and the ceramic framework; the ceramic framework is filled after molten metal is cast in the ceramic framework, and the source of the reaction layer comprises two parts of aggregation and casting heat preservation after the ceramic framework is sintered.
The ceramic framework can be fully gap-filled after the molten metal is insulated to form a compact ceramic composite armor, the toughness is improved, three-dimensional compressive stress can be applied to the ceramic composite armor in the cooling process, the preparation of the ceramic composite armor under the constraint of prestress is realized, meanwhile, the strength of the cover plate can be further improved due to the existence of the reaction layer, and the remarkable improvement of the bullet resistance of the ceramic armor is finally realized.
A preparation method of a metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) To B 4 Adding 20.0vol.% of powder with the grain diameter of 20-50 mu mAl and 1.0vol.% of sintering aid Al into the C ceramic powder 2 O 3 Adding a ball milling ball and alcohol into the mixed powder, stirring for 2-4 h, drying and sieving to obtain a homogeneous mixed split body for later use;
(2) Maintaining the pressure of the homogenized mixed powder at 50MPa for 2min for preliminary die pressing, and maintaining the pressure at 280MPa for 3min for cold isostatic pressing;
(3) Carrying out densification sintering on the homogeneous blank under a pressureless sintering process with the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, the sintering temperature of 1850 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 3h, cooling along with the furnace, taking out for standby, obtaining a ceramic framework with a reaction layer at the bottom, wherein reaction products at the bottom and the framework interface are SiC and Al 4 C 3 And Al 4 SiC 4 5 Etc.;
(4) Al/B after firing 4 After surface treatment, the C ceramic composite material is placed in a mold for preheating at 700 ℃, metal Al is kept at 850 ℃ for 2 hours for full melting, then molten aluminum is poured into the mold, kept at 700 ℃ for 1 hour for full melting, and then cooled to 500 ℃ along with a furnace and then cooled at room temperature.
The metal casting layer and the ceramic framework can form a good interface state at high temperature, the ceramic framework is fully filled to obtain a compact ceramic layer, compared with simple substance ceramic, the toughness of the ceramic layer introduced with the tough metal is greatly improved, and the possibility of brittle failure during the impact of the shot is reduced. In addition, the strength and the hardness of the bottom reaction layer are obviously higher than those of the constraint metal aluminum, so that the protection efficiency in the process of impact can be improved. Meanwhile, the cast metal and the gap-filled ceramic skeleton form good constraint, and the rapid cooling can generate larger prestress between the ceramic and the constraint metal, so that the bullet resistance of the composite armor is further improved. After long-rod projectiles with the diameter of 8mm, the length of 20mm and the speed of 800m/s are used for penetrating the long-rod projectiles, residual projectiles are embedded into ceramics, target plates are not punctured, and the complete protection of the projectiles is realized.
Example 3
A metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor comprises a reaction layer, a ceramic framework and a casting metal layer; the metal layer wraps the reaction layer and the ceramic framework; the ceramic framework is filled after molten metal is cast in the ceramic framework, and the source of the reaction layer comprises two parts of aggregation and casting heat preservation after the ceramic framework is sintered.
The ceramic framework can be fully gap-filled after the molten metal is insulated to form a compact ceramic composite armor, the toughness is improved, three-dimensional compressive stress can be applied to the ceramic composite armor in the cooling process, the preparation of the ceramic composite armor under the constraint of prestress is realized, meanwhile, the strength of the cover plate can be further improved due to the existence of the reaction layer, and the remarkable improvement of the bullet resistance of the ceramic armor is finally realized.
A preparation method of a metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) To Al 2 O 3 Adding 20.0vol.% of sintering aid Nb powder with the particle size of 20-50 mu mTi and 2.0vol.% into the ceramic powder, adding a ball grinding ball and alcohol into the mixed powder, stirring for 2-4 h, drying and sieving to obtain a homogeneous mixed split body for later use;
(2) Maintaining the pressure of the homogenized mixed powder at 40MPa for 2min for preliminary die pressing, and maintaining the pressure at 280MPa for 3min for cold isostatic pressing;
(3) Heating the homogeneous blank at a heating rate of 10 deg.C/min and a sintering temperature of 1550 deg.C, and maintaining the temperatureCarrying out densification sintering in a pressureless sintering process for 3 hours, cooling along with the furnace, taking out for later use, obtaining a ceramic framework with a reaction layer at the bottom, wherein reaction products at the bottom and the framework interface are TiAl and Ti 3 Al, etc.;
(4) The Ti/Al after firing 2 O 3 After surface treatment, the ceramic composite material is placed in a mold for preheating at 700 ℃, metal Al is fully melted by keeping the temperature of 850 ℃ for 2h, then molten aluminum is poured into the mold, is fully melted by keeping the temperature of 700 ℃ for 1h, and then is cooled at room temperature.
The metal casting layer and the ceramic framework can form a good interface state at high temperature, the ceramic framework is fully filled to obtain a compact ceramic layer, compared with simple substance ceramic, the toughness of the ceramic layer introduced with the tough metal is greatly improved, and the possibility of brittle failure during the impact of the shot is reduced. In addition, the strength and the hardness of the bottom reaction layer are obviously higher than those of the constraint metal aluminum, so that the protection efficiency in the process of impact can be improved. Meanwhile, the cast metal and the gap-filled ceramic skeleton form good constraint, and the rapid cooling can generate larger prestress between the ceramic and the constraint metal, so that the bullet resistance of the composite armor is further improved. After long-rod projectiles with the diameter of 8mm, the length of 20mm and the speed of 800m/s are used for penetration, residual projectiles are embedded into the ceramic, and the target plate is not punctured, so that the complete protection of the projectiles is realized.
Comparative example 1
The SiC ceramic block body with the same surface density as the metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor in the embodiment is adopted, long rod projectiles with the diameter of 8mm, the length of 20mm and the speed of 800m/s are used for carrying out penetration on the SiC ceramic block body, and the penetration result shows that the SiC ceramic block body is completely scattered and has no residue. It can be known from the photographs acquired by the high-speed photographic equipment that the projectile body completely passes through the SiC ceramic block body, and obvious brightness can be observed at the front and the back of the target plate, meanwhile, the SiC ceramic block body seriously splashes due to the rapid expansion of cracks and the continuous advance of the projectile, and the target plate completely fails, as shown in figure 4.
The above detailed description further illustrates the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes, modifications and improvements made according to the claims of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing a metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step one, adding 20-50vol.% of metal powder into a ceramic powder body, taking alcohol as a dispersion medium, uniformly dispersing, drying and sieving to obtain ceramic-metal mixed powder;
step two, the mixed powder obtained in the step one is subjected to compression molding and cold isostatic pressing to form a homogeneous metal ceramic blank, and is subjected to high-temperature sintering to obtain a ceramic framework with a reaction layer at the bottom end; the reaction layer is formed by the chemical reaction of ceramic and partial metal after the temperature rises, the rest metal is melted after the temperature rises to exceed the melting point, and moves downwards under the action of gravity, the reaction layer is formed at the bottom end, and a through pore channel is formed at the upper part to form a ceramic framework;
and step three, casting molten metal into the ceramic framework obtained in the step two, filling the framework gap after heat preservation, forming a metal layer around the ceramic framework, and quickly cooling to obtain the metal-cast three-dimensional prestressed ceramic composite protective armor.
2. The method of making a metal cast pre-stressed ceramic composite armor of claim 1, wherein: the ceramic powder in the first step comprises SiC powder and Al 2 O 3 And B 4 C。
3. The method of making a metal cast pre-stressed ceramic composite armor of claim 1, wherein: the metal powder in the step one is metal with a melting point lower than the sintering temperature of the ceramic.
4. The method of making a metal cast pre-stressed ceramic composite armor of claim 1, wherein: and in the third step, the molten metal is metal or metal alloy for the armor, and the metal for the armor comprises Al and Ti.
5. The method of making a metal cast pre-stressed ceramic composite armor of claim 1, wherein: and the sintering method comprises the step two of sintering the preliminarily formed blank at the temperature rise rate of 5 to 20 ℃/min, the sintering temperature of 1400 to 1900 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 1 to 4 h.
6. The method of making a metal cast pre-stressed ceramic composite armor of claim 1, wherein: the reaction layer is intermetallic compound and ceramic with medium and high strength; the intermetallic compound comprises Al 4 C 3 、Al 3 BC、TiC、Ti 3 SiC 2 。
7. The metal cast prestressed ceramic composite armor prepared by the method of claim 1, wherein: the metal casting prestressed ceramic composite protective armor comprises a reaction layer, a ceramic framework and a casting metal layer; the metal layer wraps the reaction layer and the ceramic framework; casting molten metal in the ceramic framework to fill the ceramic framework, wherein the source of the reaction layer comprises two parts, namely aggregation and casting heat preservation after the ceramic framework is sintered;
the ceramic framework is fully filled after the molten metal is insulated to form the compact ceramic composite armor, so that the toughness is improved, three-dimensional compressive stress can be applied to the ceramic composite armor in the cooling process, the preparation of the ceramic composite armor under the constraint of prestress is realized, meanwhile, the strength of the cover plate can be further improved due to the existence of the reaction layer, and the remarkable improvement of the bullet resistance of the ceramic armor is finally realized.
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