CN1150271A - Universal element Chinese character composing indexing, enter mode and keyboard - Google Patents
Universal element Chinese character composing indexing, enter mode and keyboard Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A set of 98 universal character cells used for sorting, indexing and Chinese-character information processing is disclosed. All the character cells are memorized easily, in regular order and unique. With said cells, books and their contents can be directly indexed without number of strokes and pronunciation. Assigning the cells to keys on keyboard, shape code, sound-shape code and sound-shape compatible code can be realized.
Description
The present invention is used for Chinese character list and index (ordering and searching) and computing machine (or other machine) Chinese information processing.
Chinese character is because can not be by the shape pronunciation, so must have aspect retrieval by shape with by two kinds of orderings of sound; Aspect computer information processing, must have by shape with by two kinds of input methods of sound.Chinese character syllable number (be not with transfer about more than 400) is than number of words much less, and produces a lot of phonetically similar words (repeated code), is to distinguish phonetically similar word, needing increases font information on the basis of phonetic, so just formed the sound shape preface and the phonetic-stroke code of Chinese character, but in essence, they still belong to sound preface and sound sign indicating number.
Aspect Chinese character index, (refer to manual operations), mainly contain phonetic method, radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries method, stroke method and number method at present.Mr. Zhang Tianguang has proposed the general character indexing system of Chinese Characters in application for a patent for invention " Chinese retrieval and coding general character (radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries) and keyboard " (94102084.3, publication number CN1104351A).
The phonetic method is a kind of ranking method of similar English, has the advantage of direct inspection, but the Chinese character phonetically similar word is many, thereby has influenced searching speed.Moreover, as do not know the pronunciation of word, this method just can't be used.
The radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries method needs to determine earlier radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries, needs the stroke of number radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries and the word of looking into to remove the stroke of radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries part, also will arrive the page number of looking into word in the index of Chinese Characters, for three or four steps just can finish.In addition, this method also exists the radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries position to be difficult for the problem of determining.
The order radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries method that late professor Wang Zhuxi works out also belongs to radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries method (" new radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries big dictionary ", Wang Zhuxi, Shanghai translation issuing company, 1988).Rules (but not being according to stroke order) such as Mr. Wang is low by the high back of elder generation with 56 radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries, the left back right side of elder generation are given Chinese character sort.Though this method has direct inspection and the few characteristics of repeated code, the searching rule is conflicted mutually with the order of strokes observed in calligraphy of Chinese character, and the rule application disunity, and special case is many, so be difficult to promote.In addition, though between 56 radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries in order, can remember by ballad, but rhymed.
The stroke method needs the stroke of first number Chinese character, searches by preceding two form of a stroke or a combination of strokes one Shu Pie Dian Ya again.This method repeated code is a lot, and the number stroke had both been taken time and also made mistakes easily.
The number method mainly contains Four corner coding.Mr. Zhang Guofang has obtained patent " five crosses unit method " and has also belonged to the number method.Four corner coding is divided into ten classes to the form of a stroke or a combination of strokes of Chinese character, with 0～90 numerical code expression.Five crosses unit method decomposites 50 characters from Chinese character, be classified as 26 classes, with English 26 letter representations (a whole set of character does not have order, so can only be attached on the English alphabet).These class methods all are to encode, sort with the form of a stroke or a combination of strokes at four angles of Chinese character or three angles.Though the number method has the characteristics that speed is very fast, repeated code is less, because the Hanzi structure more complicated, be difficult to accurately express with 10 kinds or 26 kinds of forms of a stroke or a combination of strokes, it is many to add this class methods rule, is difficult to grasp, so use and inconvenience.In addition, all there is the problem of " number translated " in various number methods, i.e. the form of a stroke or a combination of strokes → number → searching.This can't but be a kind of burden.
The general character method of Mr. Zhang Tianguang invention adopts English searching principle, optimizes 84 characters (structure word cell) from Chinese character, as " letter " of Chinese character, is used for analyzing, all Chinese characters of spelling, check.As, " bright " looks into life, and " border " looks into the upright day youngster of soil, or the like.General character method makes Chinese character realize direct inspection, and the text of promptly directly looking up the dictionary does not need the number stroke, do not need the form of a stroke or a combination of strokes of Chinese character is converted to numeral or English alphabet, needn't know the pronunciation of word yet.It extracts character according to the order of writing strokes of Chinese character, meet daily writing style of people and national language liberal normalization, at home and abroad realized first Chinese character analysis, list and index, the unification of computing machine input and the teaching of literacy, be domestic and international classic Chinese character pattern arranging and retrieving method at present.Along with general character method dictionary list and index and computing machine on application, it has also manifested some blemisies in an otherwise perfect thing, promptly character selects 84 to lack a bit a little, makes that the analysis of some word is directly perceived inadequately.As, " newly " is the Shu of standing tree factory, " non-" is the Shu 211.
Aspect the computing machine input in Chinese, mainly contain phonetic sign indicating number, the Five-stroke Method, natural code and Mr.'s Zhang Tianguang general character sign indicating number (containing holotype sign indicating number and phonetic-stroke code) at present.
The phonetic sign indicating number is convenient handy, but repeated code is many, and just can't use (effect of intellectual technology also is limited) when not knowing pronunciation.
The Five-stroke Method is encoded according to shape, and repeated code is few, speed is fast, but is difficult to be grasped by popular, because its coding rule is numerous and diverse on the one hand, on the other hand, radical is owing to quantity too many (about more than 200) has produced uncertainty.Uncertainty refers to the uncertain of character itself, does not promptly know certain form of a stroke or a combination of strokes character (because do not remember) of whether encoding, or refers to that the position (key position) of character on keyboard is uncertain.The uncertain problem of the existing character of the Five-stroke Method also has the uncertain problem in character key position (promptly do not know radical on which key in certain district, need to search by key).
The natural code code length is short, speed is very fast, but the radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries quantity of table shape too many (about more than 200), a lot of radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries do not have pronunciation, can't be placed on the keyboard by sound, thereby radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries and key position all be difficult to memory, also has uncertainty (most humans with natural code all be its sound sign indicating number part in fact).
General character code word unit less, code length is short, speed is fast, rule has only " get greatly less and connect; take into account directly perceived " in short, according to stroke order extract character and meet daily writing style of people and national language liberal normalization, at home and abroad realized first Chinese character analysis, list and index, the unification of computing machine input and the teaching of literacy, be domestic and international classic Chinese character shape code input method and phoneme-shape code input method at present.Along with the application on computers of general character sign indicating number, it has also manifested blemish in an otherwise perfect thing: character selects 84 to lack a bit a little, makes that the analysis of some word is directly perceived inadequately, as, " newly " is the Shu of standing tree factory, " non-" is the Shu 211; Full Shape-pronunciation code have two characters (bone, boat) not in accordance with regulations (initial consonant of pronunciation) be placed on the keyboard, cause special case; Row's letter key burden is heavy slightly on the full Shape-pronunciation code right hand.
The objective of the invention is, on the basis of 84 characters of general character method, increase some characters, general character method is increased under the little condition in character memory difficulty, improve its performance significantly; Character is all put into keyboard by sound, eliminates exception; The character of selected increase makes the burden balance of each key, rationally; Rearrange simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable, the phonetic-stroke code that makes general character method unification of implementation rule first at home and abroad when the noiseless alphabetic word speech of input (eh, peace, high etc.).
The present invention is achieved in that by the formation to Chinese character and analyzes, and whether arranges from usage frequency height, structure word repeated code what, key position that several respects such as balance is reasonable consider, optimizes 14 characters (amounting to 98) of increase.Characteristics of the present invention are, a whole set of character has been formed regular, rhymed verse, and the position of character in verse is exactly the succession between the character, during with this cover character analysis, inspection, input Chinese character,, key position more directly perceived than 84 burden is more reasonable, and the memory difficulty does not almost increase; Consonant key zh, ch and final key ai, ang, ao, en, the er of phonetic-stroke code have done adjustment, have realized the complete unity of noiseless alphabetic word speech Two bors d's oeuveres rule.
The character that optimizes, its number can be according to the form of verse (five speeches, seven speeches etc.) with length and different, the author think 98 ideal.The reasons are as follows:
Chinese character is pressed rules for writing such as elder generation goes up afterwards, the left back right side of elder generation by more than 30 basic strokes (being similar to English letter) such as Shu Pie Dian and is constituted.These basic strokes constitute more than 200 basic forms of a stroke or a combination of strokes of Chinese character again, are called character or radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries.Therefore, Chinese character also can be described as to be spelt by rules for writing (order of strokes observed in calligraphy) by more than 200 characters (be similar to English letter) and forms.It is few more that character selects, just easy more memory is also arranged on computer keyboard easily, but the code length of encode Chinese characters for computer just long more (as then repeated code will be much with brevity code), not (Chinese character has all become nonsensical stroke symbol) directly perceived just got in the analysis of word, and using just can not be convenient; It is many more that character selects, and the code length of Chinese character will be short more, and the analysis of word is just directly perceived more, but memory is just difficult more, also just is difficult to ordering between the character.The author is through analyzing the formation of Chinese character, from usage frequency height, several respects consideration such as structure word repeated code is few, Chinese is listed and indexed with in full accord, the key position of input in Chinese (coding) burden balance is reasonable, through selecting repeatedly, encoding repeatedly, from more than 200 characters, optimize 98 (Fig. 1).For ease of memory, they 14 rhymed poems with seven characters to a line have been formed.All Chinese characters (comprising the traditional font) sort or encode according to rule (order of strokes observed in calligraphy, dihedral etc.) by the order of these 98 characters.Below verse can be used to be memonic (pronunciation of mnemonic(al) word is the pronunciation of character):
Anyhow apostrophe bends second, and eight people's inch of land vegetations are rare.
The Yan Yi factory in rim of the mouth, life is ended mountain rain like fire.
The Wang Li moral purity shows precious bow, ten car silk scarf parcel woman.
The big knowledge of square toes is again little, the long palpus of the old uncle's gas of golden Buddhist.
Several of an ancient type of spoon dagger-axe jin cutter standing grain, the non-corpse tiger fur that encloses of brothers?
Sick worm leather door food bamboo ribs, aquatic bird two pawls found Tian Xi.
Cattle and sheep are with the boat shellfish of spearing fish, the private lid of dog and horse windbreaker.
The character that optimizes is because in order, so can be by rule---and the order of strokes observed in calligraphy, dihedral etc., directly carry out listing and indexing of Chinese character, and do not need again character to be converted to English alphabet sign indicating number (as the first method of five crosses, configuration code etc.) or numerical code (as Four corner coding, materialistic sign indicating number etc.).Can constitute the holotype preface of Chinese character according to font; Can constitute sound shape preface according to phonetic and font.
The holotype preface---existing in conjunction with 98 character tables (Fig. 1), the method for listing and indexing of the holotype preface according to stroke order being extracted character is described as follows:
The method of listing and indexing: all Chinese characters are all according to stroke order spelt by these 98 characters and are formed, and press the character table and arrange ordering.Be made of " life " as " bright ", " graceful " is made of " day four again ", and " crystalline substance " was made of " day everyday ".In character sequences, " day " " moon " before, " moon " " four " before, so the queuing order of three words is: brilliant bright graceful.During retrieval, successively by constitute word to be searched first, second ... character is checked.Look into " the upright day youngster of soil " as " border " word, just as the lace of English looks into l.a.c.e..To list and index more fast in order making, to adopt brevity code to list and index, be about to word analysis and be only get after the character sequences first three and last character (one two three end) the Chinese character that contains 4 above characters.Getting " eight mouthfuls of fiery Http " as " melting " word gets final product.Certainly, also can list and index with ternary brevity code (one or two end) or five yuan of brevity codes (one two three four end), but like that or increase a lot of repeated codes, or increase code length.
General character method is divided into unit word and polynary word to Chinese character.The unit word also is the character word, promptly as the word of character, as " life four fire end the mountain rain " etc.; Polynary word promptly contains the word of two above characters, as this (wood one), dream (wood wood sunset), molten (fiery Http eight populations), or the like.Should follow the principle of " get greatly less connect, take into account directly perceived " during to polynary word analysis character.Now be explained as follows:
Form structural relation between the character of Chinese character can be divided into from, join and intersect.From being meant between the character not contact, do not contact with " mouth " as " power " of " adding " word, so the character of " adding " word is from structure.Joining is meant that contact is arranged between the character, but constitute to intersect, and promptly is the structure of joining as " Pie " and " day " of " in vain " word.Intersect and to be meant that intersection is arranged between the character, as " day " and " wood " of " really " word promptly be intersection.Like this, from to intersecting, the contact between the character (or contact) progressively increases." get big " and be meant the maximum character of each extraction stroke.Get " upright day ten " as " chapter " word, and do not get " Tou 810 ".It is few more good more " to connect " contact that is meant between the character (or contact) less, that is to say can get from character, just do not get the character that joins, and can get the character that joins, and does not just get crossing character.The character of Ti Quing is just obviously easily distinguished like this.Get " Dian king " as " master " word, and do not get " Tou soil "; " my god " word gets " one is big ", and do not get " two people "." take into account directly perceived " and be meant the differentiability directly perceived that to consider Chinese character when extracting character.Press " getting big " principle as " bad " word and " towering " word, should get " factory " for first yuan, but these two words get " sunset " respectively and " youngster " is more directly perceived.What need " take into account directly perceived " has only five, six words (parts), is for people the identification custom of Chinese character to be considered.
This arranging and retrieving method according to stroke order extracts character, so the Chinese character that indivedual order of strokes observed in calligraphys are disagreed can be encoded respectively by two kinds of order of strokes observed in calligraphys.
Though it is sound shape preface---the Chinese phonetic alphabet is usually used in listing and indexing of Chinese character, also unordered in fact between the phonetically similar word.The author thinks that the unique channel that overcomes this defective is the font information that increases Chinese character on the basis of phonetic sign indicating number.Specifically, exactly all phonetically similar words are sorted by the described character method of epimere.Be " y ì Lv second " as " skill ", " Yi " is " y ì mountain is again ", and " heart of a lotus seed " is " the upright day heart of y ì Lv ", or the like.Their order is like this: skill heart of a lotus seed Yi.But during actual layout dictionary, the identification code on the top of a page does not need so complicated, as long as it is just much of that to get (maximum two a) character by the receipts word capacity of dictionary.Can find on " y ì Lv " page or leaf as " skill " and " heart of a lotus seed ", " Yi " can find on " y ì mountain " page or leaf.To the few middle-size and small-size dictionary of receipts word, even can be by a basic stroke character " Shu Pie Dian
＜second " list and index just much of that.Can find on " y ì one (horizontal stroke) " page or leaf as " skill " and " heart of a lotus seed ", " Yi " can find on " y ì Shu (erecting) " page or leaf.Perhaps some super-huge dictionaries are just needed two characters.Can find on " y ì Lv second " page or leaf as " skill ", " heart of a lotus seed " can be found on " y ì Lv is upright " page or leaf.
Preferred character of the present invention also can be used for the analysis of Chinese character.Analysis for Hanzi structure and structure composition, as if the parts analytic approach has replaced traditional radical analytic approach gradually in recent years, yet the parts analytic approach exists the defective that is difficult to overcome equally, as, the parts non-quantitative, contradict with normalized written (as return to analyze for mouthful mouthful), or the like.And general character method thinks that Chinese character is made of character, just as English is made of letter.General character method is abideed by the custom (order of strokes observed in calligraphy) of people's writing Chinese characters fully and analyzed Chinese character, and is in full accord with the teaching of literacy of Chinese character, meets the reality that Chinese character constitutes, and do not have any contradictory phenomena.As " extending " is one day one, and " returning " is Jiong mouth one, or the like (see " the character analytic approach that Chinese character constitutes " for details, Zhang Tianguang, Huang Bairong, Zhai Wanlin work, " spoken and written languages application ", 95 years the 3rd phases, sponsor the State Language Work Committee).
Preferred character of the present invention also can be used as the various computing machine Chinese character coding input methods general character of (referring to the coding relevant with font), this cover character is owing to passed through preferred, and formed regular, rhymed verse, all put people's keyboard again by pronunciation, thereby just possessed easy memory and determinacy, taken into account the intuitive of Chinese character analysis and the rationality of key position burden simultaneously again.
The present invention is arranged in character on 24 letter keys of computing machine (Fig. 2) by the initial consonant of its pronunciation, by rule---the order of strokes observed in calligraphy, dihedral etc., constitute Chinese daylight font code according to font, constitute daylight phonetic-stroke code, both synthetic formation pronunciation and form compatible sign indicating numbers according to phonetic and font.
Daylight font code
Now, the coding method of code fetch according to stroke order of daylight font code is described as follows in conjunction with Fig. 2:
Individual character: by " one two three end " code fetch.It is identical that code taking rule and Chinese character adopt in listing and indexing, i.e. " get greatly less connect, take into account directly perceived ".If any repeated code, choose (during the speech input also is like this) with numerical key.As " time " be RC, " melting " is HBBK.
Unit word and high frequency word: after striking the key at a place, high frequency word (every key is in primary word) is imported with space bar, and the unit word is chosen with numerical key.As " people " is R, and " I " am W, and " towel " is J.The word of adding some points among Fig. 2 is the high frequency word beyond the unit word.
Two-character word: preceding two characters of getting two words.As " part " is LKBD, and " time " is RCMR.To containing the two-character word of unit word, can actually get unit and form dual code (two words all are the unit words) and three-unit code.As " workman " is GR, and " technology " is GCY.
Three words, four words: first character of getting every word.As " major part " is DLB, and " dawn of new hopes " is MRCR.
More than five words: get first three first character individual and the last character.As " Supreme People's Procuratorate " is RTRE.
Daylight phonetic-stroke code
Individual character: increase one or two character sign indicating number (one two or one end) in the back of initial and final double-spelling, no initial consonant is then made a call to simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable twice.As, " machine " is JIM (JI wood), or JIMJ (JI wood is several); " peace " is JJB or JJBN.
Two-character word: with the initial and final double-spelling input of two words.As " machine " is JIQI, and " arrangement " is JJPX.
Three words, four words: with the initial consonant input (no initial consonant is then used simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable) of each word.As " computing machine " is JSJ, and " encode Chinese characters for computer " is HZBM, and " dawn of new hopes " is LJHM.
More than five words: initial consonant individual with first three and the last character is imported.As " Supreme People's Procuratorate " is ZGRY.
Daylight phonetic-stroke code only uses sound sign indicating number (daylight Two bors d's oeuveres) also can import, and just the repeated code of individual character can increase.As " machine " is JL, and " holding high " is QQ.
Daylight phonetic-stroke code not only character, key position determines, and first noiseless alphabetic word speech realized the unification of Two bors d's oeuveres rule at home and abroad, that is, to the words of all no initial consonants, all be to make a call to simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable twice during Two bors d's oeuveres.As, AA (a), OO (o), Russia EE (e), Australia FF (ao), your WW (er) likes XX (ai), peace JJ (an), high QQ (ang), grace LL (en), Europe BB (ou), uh HH (ng).
The pronunciation and form compatible sign indicating number
The pronunciation and form compatible sign indicating number is the combination of sound sign indicating number, font code and phonetic-stroke code.To all words, the user can arbitrarily press sound sign indicating number (daylight Two bors d's oeuveres), daylight font code or the input of daylight phonetic-stroke code, and the centre does not need any conversion operations.As " yttrium ", can import YI (sound sign indicating number), YIJ (phonetic-stroke code) or JY (font code); " major part " can import DBF (sound sign indicating number) or DLB (font code).
The present invention has following principal feature:
1 character is definite---character few (98), and formed the regular poem with seven characters to a line that rhymes, preschool child can both remember;
2 keyboards need not remembered---and 98 characters all are placed on the English alphabet keys of computing machine by sound, so the position of character on keyboard need do not remembered;
3 is easy to learn---and the rule of general character method has only in short: get greatly less and connect, take into account directly perceived.As, " day " beats R, " time " beat RC (sun), " Chinese herring " beats YGL (fish leather power), and " device " beats KKQK (mouthful mouthful dog mouth).Typewriting is simple just as writing.As long as went up 1 year primary school, common people just can learn less than one hour, and a couple of days just can be skilled.
4 standards---according to stroke order analyze, spell words, in full accord with primary school teaching.As, " returning " is Jiong mouth one (TKH).
5 is general---and 98 characters both had been used for the computing machine input in Chinese, also were used for listing and indexing of dictionary, and it is identical that both get unit.As " Chinese herring " word, in the dictionary text, directly look into " fish leather power " and get final product, and do not need character is converted to numeral (as the four-corner system, materialistic sign indicating number) or English alphabet (as configuration code).Therefore, learned the computer Chinese-character input, also just learned inspection simultaneously with the dictionary of character method layout; Vice versa.This cover character also can make Chinese character list and index by sound and no longer puzzle too much for phonetically similar word.It makes the Chinese character difficulty look into the problem in hundreds of years of these puzzlement common people and is solved.
6 is quick---and general character method coding short (keystroke is few), repeated code are few, add easy to learnly, belong to speed code.
7 is widely applicable---general character method be applicable to anyone (teachers and students of middle and primary schools, government functionary, editor reporter, professional typist ...).It comprises three kinds of sign indicating numbers: daylight font code, daylight phonetic-stroke code, pronunciation and form compatible sign indicating number.Daylight font code makes typewriting simple just as writing; Daylight phonetic-stroke code not only character, key position is determined, and first noiseless alphabetic word speech has been realized the unification of Two bors d's oeuveres rule at home and abroad; The pronunciation and form compatible sign indicating number do not need any conversion just can make the user arbitrarily by sound, by shape or sound shape input words.Therefore, no matter the user likes sound sign indicating number or font code, a kind ofly be fit to him always have.
Orderly character of the present invention and simple, standard get meta-rule realized Chinese character analysis, list and index, the complete unity of computing machine input and the teaching of literacy, make real easy, standard, the target fast of realizing of input in Chinese, this is to the standard and the unification of computer Chiense character code, and is significant.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1: preferred 98 character tables.
Fig. 2: character is arranged in the Chinese keyboard that constitutes on 24 letter keys by the initial consonant of pronunciation.
Claims (6)
1. a cover is used for the preferred character (radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries) that Chinese character is listed and indexed (ordering and searching) and encoded, formed verse regular, that rhyme, order with similar English alphabet, be used for that Chinese character is listed and indexed and coding has easy memory and determinacy, the number that it is characterized in that preferred character is 98, constitutes 14 poems with seven characters to a line.
2. the described preferred character of claim 1 is characterized in that they can be by rule---the order of strokes observed in calligraphy, dihedral etc., directly carry out Chinese list and index (and not needing to be converted to again English alphabet sign indicating number or numerical code), and constitute the holotype preface of Chinese according to font; Constitute sound shape preface according to phonetic and font.
3. the described preferred character of claim 1 is characterized in that the initial consonant of character by its pronunciation is arranged on the English alphabet keys of computing machine, by rule---the order of strokes observed in calligraphy, dihedral etc., can constitute the holotype sign indicating number of Chinese according to font; Constitute phonetic-stroke code according to phonetic and font; Both synthetic formation pronunciation and form compatible sign indicating numbers.
4. the described phonetic-stroke code of claim 3 is characterized in that font code partly has determinacy, promptly according to stroke order gets one two or one last character and constitutes four-unit code, or only get first character formation three-unit code.
5. the described phonetic-stroke code of claim 3 is characterized in that noiseless alphabetic word speech realized the complete unity of Two bors d's oeuveres rule, promptly makes a call to simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable twice.
6. the described pronunciation and form compatible sign indicating number of claim 3, it is characterized in that the user do not need any conversion operations just can be arbitrarily by shape, by sound or sound shape input words.
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| CN 95118911 CN1150271A (en) | 1995-11-02 | 1995-11-02 | Universal element Chinese character composing indexing, enter mode and keyboard |
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| CN 95118911 CN1150271A (en) | 1995-11-02 | 1995-11-02 | Universal element Chinese character composing indexing, enter mode and keyboard |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US11207368B2 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2021-12-28 | Murray Mary A | Anti-resorptive and bone building dietary supplements and methods of use |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US11207368B2 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2021-12-28 | Murray Mary A | Anti-resorptive and bone building dietary supplements and methods of use |
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