CN115026919A - Preparation method of plastic composite compressed wood - Google Patents
Preparation method of plastic composite compressed wood Download PDFInfo
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- CN115026919A CN115026919A CN202210539960.XA CN202210539960A CN115026919A CN 115026919 A CN115026919 A CN 115026919A CN 202210539960 A CN202210539960 A CN 202210539960A CN 115026919 A CN115026919 A CN 115026919A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
- B27M1/08—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by multi-step processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
- B27K3/36—Aliphatic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/04—Combined bleaching or impregnating and drying of wood
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
- B27M1/02—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by compressing
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of plastic composite compressed wood, which comprises the steps of soaking wood in a treatment solution, and performing soaking treatment under a negative pressure condition to obtain soaked wood; drying the impregnated wood to obtain dried wood; and (3) placing the dried wood in a hot press for hot-pressing compression treatment, and then performing heat preservation treatment and cooling treatment to obtain the plastic composite compressed wood. According to the invention, the water-based hydroxy acrylic resin solution with excellent permeability is subjected to dipping treatment under a negative pressure condition, so that the wood structure combination is subjected to a crosslinking reaction to form a stable thermosetting three-dimensional network structure, and the mechanical property and the surface hardness of the wood are improved. The density of the fir can be obviously improved by combining the hot-pressing compression treatment, the outturn percentage of the fir processing treatment is favorably improved, and the processing cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wood processing, in particular to a preparation method of plastic compression wood.
Background
The wood is a natural material which is green, environment-friendly, renewable, short in growth cycle and easy to process. For example, natural fir wood is widely applied in daily life, but the natural fir wood has low density, poor mechanical property and low surface hardness, and is difficult to be applied to the field of furniture boards. Aiming at the problems of low strength of the fir and need of improving the mechanical strength of the wood, researchers have proposed the technical scheme of plastic-combining the fir, the structural pores of the fir are impregnated with water-soluble resin solution to initiate curing, and the resin and the fir components are subjected to cross-linking reaction to form a three-dimensional structure, so that the plastic-combining fir is obtained, and the density and the mechanical strength of the fir are improved. However, the resin curing crosslinking reaction in the prior art has the problems of limited improvement of mechanical strength and obviously insufficient improvement of surface hardness of the plastic fir. The mechanical property of the fir can be improved by compressing the wood by a physical method, and the mechanical property and the surface hardness of the fir can be improved by softening cell walls at high temperature and compressing cells to densify the whole fir and cooling and shaping the fir. However, in order to meet the mechanical requirements, the method has low extrusion rate after compression, and the preparation cost is high.
In summary, through the massive search of the applicant, the above problems still remain to be solved in the field of wood processing.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, in order to solve the problems of insufficient mechanical properties and high processing cost in wood processing in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of plastic-combined compressed wood, which has the following specific technical scheme:
a method for preparing a plasticized compressed wood, comprising the steps of:
soaking the wood in the treatment solution, and performing soaking treatment under a negative pressure condition to obtain soaked wood;
drying the impregnated wood to obtain dried wood;
and (3) placing the dried wood in a hot press for hot-pressing compression treatment, and then performing heat preservation treatment and cooling treatment to obtain the plastic composite compressed wood.
Further, the treatment liquid is an aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution.
Further, the aqueous hydroxyl acrylic resin solution is obtained by mixing 100: 75-1300 parts by weight of aqueous hydroxyl acrylic resin and deionized water.
Further, the negative pressure condition is-0.06 MPa to-0.1 MPa.
Furthermore, the time of the dipping treatment is 0.5-3 h.
Further, the temperature of the drying treatment is 50-100 ℃, and the time of the drying treatment is 2-6 h.
Further, after the drying treatment, the moisture content of the wood is 0-25%.
Further, the temperature of the hot-pressing compression treatment is 90-130 ℃, and the time of the hot-pressing compression treatment is 20-100 s.
Further, the temperature of the heat preservation treatment is 90-130 ℃, and the time of the heat preservation treatment is 2-6 h.
Further, the temperature reduction treatment comprises the following steps: cooling the mixture to a temperature of less than or equal to 40 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5-10 ℃.
According to the scheme, the aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution is subjected to impregnation treatment under a negative pressure condition, the aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin has excellent permeability, and after the aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution is filled in cell cavities, cell walls and cell corners of wood, the wood structure combination is subjected to a crosslinking reaction to form a stable thermosetting three-dimensional network structure, so that the mechanical property and the surface hardness of the wood are improved. The density of the fir can be obviously improved by combining the hot-pressing compression treatment, and the plastic-combined compressed wood is prepared, so that the mechanical property and the surface hardness of the further fir are improved. In addition, the wood compression rate is low and is only 10-30%, the volume retention rate of the wood is maximized, the outturn rate of the fir processing is improved, and the processing cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electron microscope showing a cross section of an untreated fir wood of example 1 of the present invention multiplied by 200;
FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of cross section of untreated fir wood of example 1 of the present invention multiplied by 1000;
FIG. 3 is an electron microscope photograph of cross section X200 of a plasticized compressed fir wood prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an electron microscope photograph of cross section × 1000 of a plasticized compressed fir wood prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to embodiments thereof. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The preparation method of the plastic compression wood in one embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
soaking the wood in the treatment solution, and performing soaking treatment under a negative pressure condition to obtain soaked wood;
drying the impregnated wood to obtain dried wood;
and (3) placing the dried wood in a hot press for hot-pressing compression treatment, and then performing heat preservation treatment and cooling treatment to obtain the plastic composite compressed wood.
In one embodiment, the treatment fluid is an aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution.
In one embodiment, the aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution is prepared by mixing 100: 75-1300 parts by weight of aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin and deionized water.
In one embodiment, the negative pressure condition is-0.06 MPa to-0.1 MPa.
In one embodiment, the time of the impregnation treatment is 0.5h to 3 h.
In one embodiment, the temperature of the drying treatment is 50-100 ℃, and the time of the drying treatment is 2-6 h.
In one embodiment, after the drying treatment, the moisture content of the wood is 0-25%.
In one embodiment, the temperature of the hot-pressing compression treatment is 90-130 ℃, and the time of the hot-pressing compression treatment is 20-100 s.
In one embodiment, the temperature of the heat preservation treatment is 90-130 ℃, and the time of the heat preservation treatment is 2-6 h.
In one embodiment, the temperature reduction treatment is as follows: cooling at the cooling rate of 5-10 ℃ until the temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃.
In one embodiment, the wood is fir.
According to the scheme, the aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution is subjected to impregnation treatment under the negative pressure condition, the aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin has excellent permeability, and after the aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution is filled in cell cavities, cell walls and cell corners of wood, the wood structure combination is subjected to crosslinking reaction to form a stable thermosetting three-dimensional network structure, so that the mechanical property and the surface hardness of the wood are improved. The density of the fir can be obviously improved by combining the hot-pressing compression treatment, and the plastic composite compressed wood is prepared, so that the mechanical property and the surface hardness of the further fir are improved. In addition, the wood compression rate is low and is only 10-30%, the volume retention rate of the wood is maximized, the outturn rate of the fir processing is improved, and the processing cost is reduced.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
a method for preparing a plasticized compressed wood, comprising the steps of:
mixing 100 parts of aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin and 250 parts of deionized water, and uniformly stirring until a clear and transparent solution is obtained, so as to obtain an aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution with the mass fraction of 20%;
soaking Chinese fir wood with size of 300mm × 100mm × 25mm in the 20% aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution to submerge the Chinese fir wood completely, placing in a vacuum impregnation tank, vacuumizing to-0.096 MPa, and performing impregnation treatment for 2 h;
drying the soaked fir wood in a forced air drying oven at 80 deg.C for 4 h;
placing the dried impregnated fir on a hot pressing plate at 120 ℃, closing the hot pressing plate to compress the thickness of the fir to 20mm, and carrying out heat preservation treatment at 120 ℃ for 3 h;
cooling to 40 ℃ at the cooling rate of 5 ℃, and taking out to obtain the plastic composite compressed fir S-1.
Example 2:
a method for preparing a plasticized compressed wood, comprising the steps of:
mixing 100 parts of aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin and 75 parts of deionized water, and uniformly stirring until a clear and transparent solution is obtained, so as to obtain an aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution with the mass fraction of 40%;
soaking Chinese fir wood with size of 300mm × 100mm × 25mm in the 40% aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution to submerge the Chinese fir wood completely, placing in a vacuum impregnation tank, vacuumizing to-0.08 MPa, and performing impregnation treatment for 2 h;
drying the soaked fir wood in a forced air drying oven at 100 ℃ for 2 h;
placing the dried impregnated fir on a hot pressing plate at 130 ℃, closing the hot pressing plate to compress the fir to 20mm in thickness, and carrying out heat preservation treatment at 130 ℃ for 2 h;
cooling to 30 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5 ℃, and taking out to obtain the plastic compressed fir S-2.
Example 3:
a preparation method of plastic compressed wood comprises the following steps:
mixing 100 parts of aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin and 1300 parts of deionized water, and uniformly stirring until a clear and transparent solution is obtained, so as to obtain an aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution with the mass fraction of 5%;
soaking Chinese fir wood with size of 300mm × 100mm × 25mm in the 5% water-based hydroxy acrylic resin solution to submerge the Chinese fir wood completely, placing in a vacuum impregnation tank, vacuumizing to-0.06 MPa, and performing impregnation treatment for 2 h;
drying the soaked fir wood in a 50 ℃ forced air drying oven for 6 hours;
placing the dried impregnated fir on a hot-press plate at 90 deg.C, closing the hot-press plate to compress the fir to 22.5mm, and performing heat preservation treatment at 90 deg.C for 6 hr;
cooling to 25 ℃ at the cooling rate of 10 ℃, and taking out to obtain the plastic composite compressed fir S-3.
Comparative example 1:
mixing 100 parts of aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin and 250 parts of deionized water, and uniformly stirring until a clear and transparent solution is obtained, so as to obtain an aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution with the mass fraction of 20%;
soaking Chinese fir wood with size of 300mm × 100mm × 25mm in the 20% aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution to submerge the Chinese fir wood completely, placing in a vacuum impregnation tank, vacuumizing to-0.096 MPa, and maintaining for 2 hr;
placing the soaked fir in a forced air drying oven, drying at 80 deg.C for 4h, and heating to 120 deg.C for 3 h; taking out to obtain the plastic fir
Comparative example 2:
soaking Chinese fir wood with size of 300mm × 100mm × 25mm in the above sufficient deionized water to submerge the Chinese fir wood completely, placing in a vacuum impregnation tank, vacuumizing to-0.096 MPa, and maintaining for 2 hr;
drying the soaked fir wood in a forced air drying oven at 80 deg.C for 4 hr;
placing the dried impregnated fir on a hot pressing plate at 120 ℃, closing the hot pressing plate to compress the fir to 20mm in thickness, and preserving the heat at 120 ℃ for 3 h;
and naturally cooling the hot pressing plate to reduce the temperature to 40 ℃, and taking out to obtain the compressed fir.
Comparative example 3: mixing 100 parts of waterborne epoxy resin and 1300 parts of deionized water, and uniformly stirring until a clear and transparent solution is obtained, so as to obtain a 5% waterborne epoxy resin solution;
soaking Chinese fir wood with size of 300mm × 100mm × 25mm in the 5% aqueous epoxy resin solution to submerge the Chinese fir wood completely, placing in a vacuum impregnation tank, vacuumizing to-0.06 MPa, and performing impregnation treatment for 2 h;
drying the soaked fir wood in a 50 ℃ forced air drying oven for 6 hours;
placing the dried impregnated fir on a hot-press plate at 90 deg.C, closing the hot-press plate to compress the fir to 22.5mm, and performing heat preservation treatment at 90 deg.C for 6 hr;
cooling to 25 deg.C at a cooling rate of 10 deg.C, and taking out to obtain plastic compressed fir
The only difference from example 3 is that the aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin was replaced with an epoxy resin to give a comparative sample.
The plasticized compressed fir wood S-1 obtained in example 1, the plasticized compressed fir wood S-2 obtained in example 2, and the plasticized compressed fir wood S-3 obtained in example 3 were mixed. And the plasticated fir wood of comparative example 1, the compressed fir wood of comparative example 2, and the comparative sample prepared in comparative example 3 were subjected to the related performance tests, and the results are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1:
as can be seen from the data analysis in Table 1, the present invention can effectively improve the density, flexural strength, elastic modulus and surface hardness of the fir wood. The Chinese fir wood plastic combination compression technology adopted in the invention can obviously improve the overall density, mechanical property and surface hardness of the Chinese fir wood. The density of the plasticized compressed fir wood S-1 and the untreated fir wood of example 1 were improved by 41.4%, the flexural strength was improved by 123.5%, the elastic modulus was improved by 69.2%, and the surface hardness was improved by 27.3%. Comparing the plasticized compressed fir wood S-1 of example 1 with the plasticized compressed fir wood S-2 of example 2, the concentration of the aqueous hydroxyacrylic acid resin solution was increased to 40%, and the overall density of the fir wood was rather decreased, which may be due to the high viscosity of the resin due to the high concentration, which is rather unfavorable for the resin solution to enter the micro pores of the fir wood. Comparing the flow-molded compressed fir wood S-1 of example 1 with the flow-molded compressed fir wood S-3 of example 3, the compression ratio of the fir wood was reduced from 20% to 10%, resulting in a reduction in the overall density of the fir wood and a reduction in the flexural strength, elastic modulus and surface hardness to some extent. The density of the plastic compressed fir wood S-1 of the comparative example 1 and the plastic compressed fir wood of the comparative example 1 were greatly reduced, and the bending strength, the elastic modulus and the surface hardness were also significantly reduced, which indicates that the fir wood compression process can improve the bending strength, the elastic modulus and the surface hardness of the fir wood. The density of the plasticized compressed fir wood S-1 of comparative example 1 and the compressed fir wood of comparative example 2 was reduced, and the flexural strength, elastic modulus and surface hardness were also significantly reduced, which shows that the fir wood plasticizing technique has a significant effect on the flexural strength, elastic modulus and surface hardness of the fir wood. The above comparative experiments show that the preparation method of the plastic combined compressed fir has creativity as a whole, the process parameters in the process have obvious influence on the preparation result, and the preparation method can obtain the plastic combined compressed fir product with improved bending strength, elastic modulus and surface hardness. Compared with the performance of the embodiment 3, the performance of the epoxy resin plastic-combined compressed fir is compared with that of the epoxy resin plastic-combined compressed fir in the embodiment 3, which shows that the mechanical performance of the fir can be remarkably improved while the preparation cost of the fir is ensured by adopting the aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin to treat the fir, and the epoxy resin plastic-combined compressed fir is poor in environmental protection and process controllability and the service performance of the obtained product is inferior to that of the fir impregnated by adopting the hydroxy acrylic resin solution after the epoxy resin is impregnated in the embodiment 3.
In addition, as can be seen from the analysis in fig. 1 to 4: the natural fir shows the characteristic of a typical needle leaf cross section microstructure, the fibrocyte cells are longitudinally and tidily arranged, the cell walls are completely oval, smooth and filler-free in the walls, and the wood rays are longitudinally and parallelly arranged (figure 1); however, due to the processing, the cell wall is slightly broken (FIG. 2), which also shows the soft cell wall of natural fir; the plastic-combined compressed fir still presents regularly arranged fiber tracheid cells and wood rays, the acrylic resin remained in partial cell cavities can be observed, and the phenomena of shriveling, twisting and winding of the whole cross section of the fir can be proved by the fact that the aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin can be impregnated and solidified to be present in the fir cell cavities, and the volume of the cell cavities is obviously reduced (figure 3), which is caused by hot-pressing densification of wood; densification of wood also results in the breaking of part of the cell walls, possibly due to insufficient thermal plasticization of the wood and possibly also the breaking caused by cutting of the sample; in addition, there was a significant stringing phenomenon in the cell wall structure due to the cell wall rupture caused by processing, which was probably caused by the impregnation of resin (FIG. 4), which was not observed in the ruptured cell wall of natural fir, probably because part of the acrylic resin was impregnated and cured in the intercellular region, which is advantageous for improving the mechanical properties of fir.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be understood as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a plastic composite compressed wood is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dipping the wood in the treatment solution, and performing dipping treatment under the negative pressure condition to obtain dipped wood;
drying the impregnated wood to obtain dried wood;
and (3) placing the dried wood in a hot press for hot-pressing compression treatment, and then performing heat preservation treatment and cooling treatment to obtain the plastic composite compressed wood.
2. The method of manufacturing plasticized compressed wood according to claim 1, wherein the treatment liquid is an aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution.
3. The method for preparing the plasticized and compressed wood according to claim 2, wherein the aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin solution is obtained by mixing 100: 75-1300 parts by weight of aqueous hydroxy acrylic resin and deionized water.
4. The method of manufacturing a plasticized compressed wood according to claim 3, wherein the negative pressure condition is-0.06 MPa to-0.1 MPa.
5. The method of preparing plasticized compressed wood according to claim 1, wherein the impregnation treatment is performed for a time period of 0.5 to 3 hours.
6. The method for preparing plasticized compressed wood according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the drying process is 50 to 100 ℃ and the time of the drying process is 2 to 6 hours.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the moisture content of the wood after the drying process is 0 to 25%.
8. The method for preparing a plasticized and compressed wood according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the thermocompression compression treatment is 90 to 130 ℃ and the time of the thermocompression compression treatment is 20 to 100 seconds.
9. The method for preparing a plasticized compressed wood according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heat-retaining treatment is 90 to 130 ℃ and the time of the heat-retaining treatment is 2 to 6 hours.
10. The method for producing a plasticized compressed wood according to claim 1, wherein the temperature reduction treatment is: cooling at the cooling rate of 5-10 ℃ until the temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃.
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