CN112077954B - Preparation method of two-dimensional woven green environment-friendly high-strength wood-based composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method of two-dimensional woven green environment-friendly high-strength wood-based composite material Download PDF

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CN112077954B
CN112077954B CN202010907664.1A CN202010907664A CN112077954B CN 112077954 B CN112077954 B CN 112077954B CN 202010907664 A CN202010907664 A CN 202010907664A CN 112077954 B CN112077954 B CN 112077954B
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wood
composite material
lignin
veneer
temperature
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CN112077954A (en
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唐启恒
郭文静
高黎
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Research Institute of Forestry New Technology of Chinese Academy of Forestry
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Research Institute of Forestry New Technology of Chinese Academy of Forestry
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • B27D1/08—Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
    • B27G11/00—Applying adhesives or glue to surfaces of wood to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27J1/00—Mechanical working of cane or the like
    • B27J1/02—Braiding, e.g. basket-making
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/32—Mixtures of different inorganic impregnating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a two-dimensional woven green environment-friendly high-strength wood-based composite material, and belongs to the field of composite material manufacturing and wood processing. The solid wood is made into a single board by adopting a rotary cutting process, partial lignin is removed from the single board, the lignin-removed single board is aligned in the same direction and assembled into a blank, the blank is placed into a die, and the blank is compacted by high-temperature hot pressing; taking out the plate blank by a cooling press, separating each layer of veneer, and then cutting the veneer into strip-shaped wood sheets which are suitable for weaving, namely elementary veneers; carrying out two-dimensional weaving on the element single board according to a longitudinal and transverse crossing principle; applying adhesive on the surface of the woven and formed single plates, aligning, laminating and arranging, then putting the arranged assembly plate into a cold press grinding tool, and applying high pressure; and (3) heating the mould of the cold press to promote the high-temperature curing of the adhesive, and cooling and demolding after the curing is finished to obtain the composite material. The composite material has the advantages of small water absorption thickness expansion rate, good size stability and easy processing, and is beneficial to promoting the green development of the composite material.

Description

Preparation method of two-dimensional woven green environment-friendly high-strength wood-based composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a two-dimensional woven environment-friendly high-strength wood-based composite material, and belongs to the fields of composite material manufacturing and wood processing. The invention adopts a top-down method (directly preparing the high-strength composite material from wood), is easy to implement, and the prepared wood-based composite material has very high mechanical strength, small density, light unit volume weight and very good application prospect in various fields such as aerospace and the like.
Background
With the development of society, although the wood-plastic composite material has two characteristics of plastic and wood texture and is widely applied in many fields, the preparation method determines that the mechanical property of the material is insufficient, the material can only be applied as an indoor decorative material, and the material is relatively less used outdoors or as an industrial building material, so that the application field of the wood-plastic composite material is greatly limited.
In order to solve the problem, more and more scientific researchers adopt various methods to prepare the high-strength wood-based composite material, such as means of using a wood veneer to untwist, glue and hot press to form high-strength recombined wood, removing lignin from the wood to form super-strength wood at high pressure, aligning nano cellulose to form high-strength paper and the like. The method solves the problem that the longitudinal strength of the wood is only solved, and the transverse strength cannot be greatly improved no matter the wood is recombined or high-strength wood; although the high-strength paper solves the problem of longitudinal and transverse mechanics, the nano-cellulose is adopted as a raw material, so that the preparation cost is high, the process is complex, and the industrial production is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems in the prior art, the invention adopts a top-down method to prepare the wood veneer into the novel wood-based composite material. Firstly, delignification treatment is carried out on a rotary-cut wood veneer, the veneer is compressed and compacted at high temperature and high pressure, then the compacted veneer is cut into rectangular strips, two-dimensional weaving is carried out, and then an adhesive is applied for high-temperature hot-pressing solidification to obtain the composite material. The preparation process adopts the compressed and dense wood mat as the reinforcement, the prepared composite material has very high mechanical property, the longitudinal and transverse mechanical strength of the material is similar, and the defect of large difference of the longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties of the traditional wood-based composite material is overcome. The method is beneficial to promoting the green development of the composite material and also endows the wood with higher added value.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a green environment-friendly high-strength wood-based composite material based on two-dimensional weaving comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an elementary single plate: the solid wood is made into a single board by adopting a rotary cutting process, partial lignin is removed from the single board, the lignin-removed single board is aligned in the same direction and assembled into a blank, the blank is placed into a die, and the blank is compacted by high-temperature hot pressing; taking out the plate blank by a cooling press, separating each layer of veneer, and then cutting the veneer into strip-shaped wood sheets which are suitable for weaving, namely elementary veneers;
(2) two-dimensional weaving: the elementary single board is woven in two dimensions according to the longitudinal and transverse cross principle, including weaving into a mat or longitudinal and transverse cross lamination;
(3) weaving a single plate assembly: applying an adhesive on the surface of the woven and molded veneer, aligning, laminating and arranging, then putting the arranged assembled plate into a cold press grinding tool, and applying high pressure;
(4) two-dimensional woven composite material hot press molding: and (3) heating the mould of the cold press to promote the high-temperature curing of the adhesive, and cooling and demolding after the curing is finished to obtain the composite material.
In the step (1), the size of the single plate is as follows: the thickness is 100 μm-5mm, the width is not particularly limited and can be set according to actual conditions; the size of the elementary single plate is as follows: the width is less than or equal to 500mm, and the thickness is 5 μm-2 mm.
The partial delignification is the mass fraction of 1-50% of the original lignin content removed.
The partial removal of lignin, the removal of lignin system is sodium sulfite + sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite + sodium hydroxide or sodium sulfite + sodium hydroxide + anthraquinone, etc., after partial removal of lignin, H is added2O2Decolorizing and washing residual substances.
In the aqueous solution of a sodium sulfite and sodium hydroxide lignin removal system, the concentration of sodium sulfite is 0.5-2.0mol/L, and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 0.10-0.35 mol/L.
In the aqueous solution of a sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide lignin removal system, the concentration of sodium hypochlorite is 2-15% by mass fraction, and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 4-20% by mass fraction.
In the aqueous solution of a sodium sulfite + sodium hydroxide + anthraquinone lignin removal system, the concentration of sodium sulfite is 15-40 mass percent, the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 4-20 mass percent, and the concentration of anthraquinone is 0.1-10 mass percent.
Preferably, in the lignin remover (referring to solute part), sodium sulfite or sodium hypochlorite is a main component, occupying more than 60% of the total mass of the remover of each system, and sodium hydroxide, anthraquinone, etc. are secondary components.
The partial delignification process comprises subjecting wood to a first treatmentThe wood veneer is put into a high-pressure reactor provided with a lignin removal system, the water boiling temperature is 100-2O2Boiling in water for less than or equal to 1h, preferably 5min-1h, and finally washing with deionized water. H2O2In solution of H2O2The mass fraction of (A) is 5-20%.
When the veneers are aligned and assembled in the same direction, the veneers are required to contain water, and the water content is less than or equal to 50 percent, preferably 1 to 50 percent (mass percent).
Aligning and assembling the lignin-removed veneers in the same direction, and placing the veneers into a die, wherein the temperature range is 80-200 ℃ during high-temperature hot pressing; the densification refers to that the density of the plate after compression is more than or equal to 1.3g/cm3The porosity is less than or equal to 5 percent.
In the step (3), the adhesive is one or a combination of more of epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polypropylene, polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate and the like.
The epoxy resin comprises an epoxy resin monomer and a curing agent, wherein the epoxy resin monomer accounts for 70-95% of the total mass, and the curing agent accounts for 5-30% of the total mass; the epoxy resin monomer comprises E51 or E44, and the curing agent refers to common amine curing agents of the epoxy resin, such as polyamide, anhydride, diamine or polyamine substances. When the adhesive is applied to the surface of the veneer, the epoxy resin is uniformly coated on the surface of the veneer; applying an adhesive on the veneer by adopting a solution impregnation process through phenolic resin; the polypropylene or polyethylene adhesive is formed by uniformly paving polypropylene or polyethylene films or plastic powder between single-board layers; the polymethyl methacrylate adhesive is formed by uniformly paving a polymethyl methacrylate film between single-plate layers.
The total amount of the applied adhesive accounts for 10-30% of the total mass of the composite material.
In the dipping process, the phenolic resin solution is diluted into a solution with the concentration of 10-25% (mass fraction%), then the wood veneer is placed in the solution for 1-60s, and the veneer containing the glue is taken out and dried until the water content is 3-15%.
The high pressure is applied by pressing the plate blank to a density of more than or equal to 1.0g/cm3。
In the step (4), the two-dimensional braided composite material is subjected to hot press molding, and the curing temperature of the epoxy resin adhesive is between room temperature (25 ℃) and 200 ℃; the curing temperature of the phenolic resin is 120-170 ℃; the curing temperature of the polypropylene is 150-200 ℃, the curing temperature of the polyethylene is 100-160 ℃, and the curing temperature of the polymethyl methacrylate is 110-150 ℃.
The preparation method of the two-dimensional woven high-strength wood-based composite material comprises the following process steps: (1) preparing an elementary single plate; (2) two-dimensional weaving; (3) weaving the single plate assembly; (4) and (3) performing hot press molding on the two-dimensional woven composite material, namely preparing the novel wood-based composite material by taking a wood mat formed by wood sheets in a compression chamber through a two-dimensional weaving process as a reinforcement. Firstly, delignification treatment is carried out on the rotary-cut wood veneers, and then the water-containing veneers are arranged in a mold in an alignment way at high temperature and high pressure, so that the veneers are compressed and compacted. Then stripping the compact single boards layer by layer from the obtained board, cutting into rectangular strips, and weaving into the mat in two dimensions. And applying an adhesive to the mat, and carrying out high-temperature hot-pressing curing to obtain the composite material. The preparation process adopts the compressed and dense wood mat as the reinforcement, the prepared composite material has very high mechanical property, the longitudinal and transverse mechanical strength of the material is similar, and the defect of large difference of the longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties of the traditional wood is overcome. In addition, the composite material has small water absorption thickness expansion rate, good dimensional stability and easy processing, and is beneficial to promoting the green development of the composite material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts a top-down method to prepare the two-dimensional woven high-strength wood-based composite material, and has the advantages of simple preparation method, high mechanical properties of the material and easy large-scale and industrialization. The wood veneer is used as an original material, the wood veneer is partially subjected to lignin removal and high-pressure compaction, so that the mechanical property of the wood veneer is greatly improved, the wood mat is prepared by adopting a two-dimensional weaving process to serve as a reinforcement, and the high-strength composite material with uniform longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties is prepared, so that the problem of large difference of the longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties of novel wood-based materials such as recombined wood, super wood and the like is solved.
(2) The lignin removal system adopted by the invention is as follows: the method is different from other lignin removal systems in that the method defines primary and secondary components, can quickly and conveniently remove lignin when being favorable for removing the lignin, and is favorable for reducing the degradation degree of cellulose, keeping long chain of the cellulose and promoting the mechanical property of the high-strength composite material to be improved.
(3) The method uses a high-pressure high-temperature mode to remove lignin, is beneficial to alkaline solution to quickly and uniformly permeate into wood, removes lignin, and does not cause the effects that the lignin in the outer layer of the wood block is quickly removed and the lignin in the inner layer is slowly removed.
(4) The wood is used as a natural renewable and degradable material, and the high-strength composite material prepared by the wood is beneficial to promoting the development of the green composite material and can also promote the application of the wood in the field of high added value.
(5) The high-strength composite material prepared by the method has stable mechanical property and can not fluctuate greatly along with the change of time. If no adhesive is applied, the elementary single plates are directly hot-pressed to prepare the high-strength composite material, and the obtained composite material gradually curls and peels off from one layer of the composite material layer after moisture gradually volatilizes along with the prolonging of time, so that the high-strength composite material cannot be formed into a plate, and cannot be applied.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an elongated wood veneer of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a two-dimensional woven wood mat of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a two-dimensional woven wood-reinforced epoxy resin composite material in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and specific steps of the present invention will be fully described in detail below with reference to the following examples, which are intended to be part of the invention and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can obtain all other embodiments without creative efforts through simple repetition under the guidance of the embodiments, and all other embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-strength wood-based composite material based on two-dimensional weaving, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an elementary single plate: the solid wood is made into a single board by adopting a rotary cutting process, partial lignin is removed from the single board, the lignin-removed single board is aligned in the same direction and assembled into a blank, the blank is placed into a die, and the blank is compacted by high-temperature hot pressing; the plate blank is taken out by a cooling press, each layer of veneer is separated, and then the veneer is cut into strip-shaped wood sheets which are suitable for weaving, namely primitive veneers.
The partial removal of lignin is to remove 1 to 50 percent of the original lignin content; the veneers are aligned and assembled in the same direction, and the veneers are required to contain water, wherein the water content is 1-50%; the high-temperature hot pressing is carried out, and the temperature range is 80-200 ℃; the densification is that after the compression, the density of the plate is more than or equal to 1.3g/cm3The porosity is less than or equal to 5 percent.
The partial removal of lignin adopts a removal lignin system as follows: removing lignin from the aqueous solution of sodium sulfite and sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfite and sodium hydroxide and anthraquinone, and adding H2O2Decolorizing and washing residual substances. Sodium sulfite and sodium hypochlorite are main components and occupy more than or equal to 60 percent of each system, and sodium hydroxide and the like are used as secondary components.
The aqueous solution system for removing the lignin is put into a high pressure reactor, the water boiling temperature is 100-200 ℃, the reaction time is 0-4H, and then H is put into the reactor2O2Boiling with neutral water for 0-1h, and washing with deionized water.
In the system of removing lignin by sodium sulfite, sodium hydroxide and anthraquinone, the total amount of sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfite and anthraquinone is 100, the sodium hydroxide accounts for 10-30 parts, the sodium sulfite accounts for 80-60 parts, and the anthraquinone accounts for 0-10 parts.
(2) Two-dimensional weaving: and (3) carrying out two-dimensional weaving on the elementary single boards according to a vertical and horizontal crossing principle, wherein the two-dimensional weaving comprises weaving into a mat or vertical and horizontal crossing lamination.
(3) Weaving a single plate assembly: applying adhesive on the surface of the woven and formed veneer, aligning, laminating and arranging, then putting the arranged assembly plate into a cold press grinding tool, and applying high pressure.
The adhesive is one or a combination of more of epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polypropylene, polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate and the like; the high pressure is applied by pressing the plate blank to a density of more than or equal to 1.0g/cm3. The total amount of the adhesive accounts for 10-30% of the total mass of the composite material.
The epoxy resin adhesive comprises an epoxy resin monomer and a curing agent, wherein the epoxy resin monomer comprises E51 and E44, the curing agent is an amine curing agent commonly used for epoxy resin, the epoxy resin is uniformly coated on the surface of a veneer, and the curing temperature is between room temperature and 200 ℃; applying an adhesive on the veneer by adopting a solution impregnation process by using phenolic resin, wherein the curing temperature is 120-170 ℃; the polypropylene and polyethylene adhesive is formed by uniformly paving polypropylene or polyethylene films or plastic powder between single-board layers, wherein the curing temperature is 150 ℃ for polypropylene and 200 ℃ for polyethylene and 160 ℃ for polyethylene.
The impregnation process comprises diluting the phenolic resin solution into 10-25% solution, placing the wood veneer in the solution for 1-60s, taking out, and air drying the veneer containing glue until the water content is 3-15%.
(4) Two-dimensional woven composite material hot press molding: and (3) heating the mould of the cold press to promote the high-temperature curing of the adhesive, and cooling and demoulding to obtain the composite material after the curing is finished.
Example 1
Selecting poplar as raw material, rotary cutting to obtain poplar veneer with thickness of 200 μm, and soaking 50 veneers in a solution containing sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite as shown in figure 1In a container of the mixed solution (wherein, the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 0.1mol/L, the concentration of sodium sulfite is 1 mol/L), the volume of the solution is 500mL, the solution is boiled in water for 30min, and then the wood veneer is taken out and washed with distilled water for 3 times. And adding 500mL of water into the container again, adding a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution (the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide in the total solution is 10%), boiling for 1h, taking out, washing for 3 times by using distilled water, and drying. Aligning and arranging wood veneers along the same direction, assembling the wood veneers, placing the wood veneers into a cold press mold, applying high pressure, raising the temperature to 120 ℃, cooling the wood veneers to room temperature after 3h, removing the mold, taking out the plate blank, peeling the high-pressure compact wood veneers layer by layer, cutting the wood veneers into strips (1 cm x 10 cm), weaving the strips into a wood mat shown in figure 2 by a two-dimensional weaving process, coating epoxy resin monomers and curing agents (epoxy resin E51 and polyamide with the mass ratio of 70: 30) on the surface of the wood mat, placing the assembled wood veneer into the mold, curing the wood mat at high temperature and high pressure, wherein the curing temperature is 80 ℃, the curing time is 3h, the curing temperature is 120 ℃, the curing time is 2h, cooling and removing the mold to obtain the two-dimensional woven high-strength wood-based composite material shown in figure 3, wherein the density of the composite material is 1.30g/cm3。
Example 2
The method comprises the steps of selecting poplar as a raw material, preparing poplar veneers with the thickness of 200 mu m by adopting a rotary cutting mode, soaking 50 veneers in a container containing a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite (wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 0.2mol/L, the concentration of the sodium sulfite is 0.8 mol/L), boiling for 30min with water, taking out the wood veneers, and washing for 3 times with distilled water. And adding 500mL of water into the container again, adding a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution (the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide in the total solution is 10%), boiling for 1h, taking out, washing for 3 times by using distilled water, and drying. Aligning and arranging wood veneers along the same direction, assembling the wood veneers into a blank, placing the blank into a cold press die, applying high pressure, raising the temperature to 120 ℃, cooling the blank to room temperature after 3h, removing the die, taking out the blank, peeling the high-pressure compact wood veneers layer by layer, cutting the wood veneers into strips (1 cm x 10 cm), weaving the strips into a wood mat by a two-dimensional weaving process, and placing the wood mat into a machine tool with the concentration of 15 percent (mass percent)Keeping the phenolic resin aqueous solution for 30s, taking out and naturally drying until the water content of the mat is 5%, then putting the assembly into a mould, curing at high temperature and high pressure, wherein the curing temperature is 150 ℃, the time is 10min, cooling, removing the mould, and obtaining the two-dimensional woven high-strength wood-based composite material, wherein the density of the composite material is 1.30g/cm3。
Example 3
Selecting poplar as a raw material, preparing poplar veneers with the thickness of 200 mu m by adopting a rotary cutting mode, soaking 50 veneers in a container containing a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite (wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 0.1mol/L, and the concentration of the sodium sulfite is 1 mol/L), the volume of the solution is 500mL, boiling for 120min, taking out the wood veneers, and washing for 3 times by using distilled water. And adding 500mL of water into the container again, adding a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution (the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide in the total solution is 10%), boiling for 1h, taking out, washing for 3 times by using distilled water, and drying. Aligning and arranging wood veneers along the same direction, assembling the wood veneers, placing the wood veneers into a cold press mold, applying high pressure, raising the temperature to 120 ℃, cooling the wood veneers to room temperature after 3 hours, removing the mold, taking out the plate blank, peeling the high-pressure compact wood veneers layer by layer, cutting the wood veneers into strips (1 cm x 10 cm), weaving the strips into a wood mat by a two-dimensional weaving process, aligning and laminating the wood mats, placing a polyethylene film layer in the middle of each layer, then placing the assembled wood veneers into the mold, curing the wood mat at high temperature and high pressure for 5 minutes at the curing temperature of 150 ℃, cooling and removing the mold to obtain the two-dimensional woven high-strength wood-based composite material, wherein the density of the composite material is 1.30g/cm3。
Example 4
The method comprises the steps of selecting poplar as a raw material, preparing poplar veneers with the thickness of 200 microns by adopting a rotary cutting mode, soaking 50 veneers in an aqueous solution containing 20g of sodium hydroxide, 80g of sodium sulfite and 3g of anthraquinone, adding the aqueous solution into methanol, wherein the volume of the aqueous solution is 500mL, putting the solution into a high-pressure high-temperature reaction kettle, boiling the solution for 150min at the temperature of 150 ℃, taking out the wood veneers, and washing the wood veneers for 3 times by using distilled water. Adding 500mL of water into the container again, adding into aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide (the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide in the total solution is 8%), boiling for 1h, taking out, and adding distilled waterCleaning for 3 times, and drying. Aligning and arranging wood veneers along the same direction, assembling the wood veneers, placing the wood veneers into a cold press mold, applying high pressure, raising the temperature to 120 ℃, cooling the wood veneers to room temperature after 3 hours, removing the mold, taking out the plate blank, peeling the high-pressure compact wood veneers layer by layer, cutting the wood veneers into strips (1 cm x 10 cm), weaving the strips into a wood mat by a two-dimensional weaving process, aligning and laminating the wood mats, placing a polypropylene film layer in the middle of each layer, then placing the assembled wood veneers into the mold, curing the wood mat at high temperature and high pressure for 5min at the curing temperature of 170 ℃, cooling and removing the mold to obtain the two-dimensional woven high-strength wood-based composite material, wherein the density of the composite material is 1.30g/cm3。
Example 5
The method comprises the steps of selecting poplar as a raw material, preparing poplar veneers with the thickness of 200 microns by adopting a rotary cutting mode, soaking 50 veneers in an aqueous solution containing 20g of sodium hydroxide, 80g of sodium sulfite and 3g of anthraquinone, adding the aqueous solution into methanol, wherein the volume of the aqueous solution is 500mL, putting the solution into a high-pressure high-temperature reaction kettle, boiling the solution for 150min at the temperature of 150 ℃, taking out the wood veneers, and washing the wood veneers for 3 times by using distilled water. And adding 500mL of water into the container again, adding a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution (the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide in the total solution is 8%), boiling for 1 hour, taking out, cleaning for 3 times by using distilled water, and drying. Aligning and arranging wood veneers along the same direction, assembling the wood veneers, placing the wood veneers into a cold press die, applying high pressure, raising the temperature to 120 ℃, cooling the wood veneers to room temperature after 3h, removing the die, taking out the plate blank, peeling off the high-pressure compact wood veneers layer by layer, soaking the wood veneers in a phenolic resin adhesive (with the mass concentration of 20%) for 20s, naturally airing the wood veneers till the water content is 10%, criss-cross and stacking the strip-shaped wood sheets, then placing the assembled wood veneers into the die, curing the wood veneers at high temperature and high pressure for 5min at the curing temperature of 150 ℃, cooling and removing the die to obtain the two-dimensional woven high-strength wood-based composite material, wherein the density of the composite material is 1.30g/cm3。
In order to embody the beneficial effects of the present invention, the present invention also prepares the wood veneer, the wood veneer in-line lamination (without thermoplastic resin), and the wood veneer criss-cross lamination (without thermoplastic resin), and then characterizes the properties. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the mechanical properties of the composite materials obtained in the examples of the present invention, and table 2 shows the degree of polymerization of cellulose in the examples of the present invention.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of the materials
Examples Density (g/cm)3） Tensile Strength (MPa) Flexural Strength (MPa) Modulus of elasticity (GPa)
1 1.25 123.3±14.3 195.4±20.4 11.3±0.32
2 1.30 129.1±10.8 214.2±28.2 12.6±0.28
3 1.15 109.0±15.2 95.4±24.8 13.7±0.25
4 1.20 95.7±23.6 102.6±14.1 10.5±0.35
5 1.30 205.6±14.8 254.2±29.2 15.6±0.42
Poplar single board 0.46 28.5±1.4 84.1±2.6 8.2±0.35
TABLE 2 degree of polymerization of cellulose
Examples Degree of polymerization of cellulose
1 2450
2 2390
3 2110
4 1850
5 2050
Poplar single board About 10000

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a two-dimensional woven green environment-friendly high-strength wood-based composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an elementary single plate: the solid wood is made into a single board by adopting a rotary cutting process, partial lignin is removed from the single board, the lignin-removed single board is aligned in the same direction and assembled into a blank, the blank is placed into a die, and the blank is compacted by high-temperature hot pressing; taking out the plate blank by a cooling press, separating each layer of veneer, and then cutting the veneer into strip-shaped wood sheets which are suitable for weaving, namely elementary veneers;
the partial removal of lignin is to remove 1 to 50 percent of the content of the original lignin, and the partial removal of lignin is carried out under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure; the partial delignification procedure comprises putting the wood veneer into a high-pressure reactor provided with a delignification system, boiling at 100-200 ℃ under 0.1-10MPa, and putting into H2O2Boiling the solution with water, and finally washing the solution clean with deionized water; the lignin removing system adopted for partially removing lignin is as follows: removing part of lignin from the aqueous solution of sodium sulfite and sodium hydroxide or sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide, and adding H2O2Decolorizing and cleaning residual substances; in the sodium sulfite and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, the concentration of the sodium sulfite is 1.0 to 2.0mol/L, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 0.10 to 0.35 mol/L; in the sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, the mass concentration of the sodium hypochlorite is 2-15 percent, and the mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 4-20 percent; in delignification systems, sodium sulfite or sodium hypochlorite isThe main component accounts for more than 60 percent of the total mass of all the system removers, and sodium hydroxide is used as a secondary component;
(2) two-dimensional weaving: the elementary single board is woven in two dimensions according to the longitudinal and transverse cross principle, including weaving into a mat or longitudinal and transverse cross lamination;
(3) weaving a single plate assembly: applying adhesive on the surface of the woven and molded single plate, aligning, laminating and arranging, then putting the arranged assembly plate into a cold press die, and applying high pressure;
(4) two-dimensional woven composite material hot press molding: and (3) heating the mould of the cold press to promote the high-temperature curing of the adhesive, and cooling and demolding after the curing is finished to obtain the composite material.
2. The preparation method of the two-dimensional weaving green environment-friendly high-strength wood-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the thickness of the single plate is 100 mu m-5 mm; the width of the element single plate is less than or equal to 500mm, and the thickness is 5 mu m-2 mm.
3. The preparation method of the two-dimensional weaving green environment-friendly high-strength wood-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the lignin is partially removed, the wood veneer is put into a high-pressure reactor provided with a lignin removal system, the water boiling temperature is 100-200 ℃, the pressure is 0.1-10MPa, the reaction time is 10min-4H, and then H is put into the reactor2O2Boiling the solution for less than or equal to 1h, and finally washing the solution clean by using deionized water.
4. The preparation method of the two-dimensional weaving green environment-friendly high-strength wood-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the single plates are aligned and assembled in the same direction, the water content of the single plates is less than or equal to 50 percent; when hot pressing at high temperature, the temperature is 80-200 ℃; the densification refers to that the density of the plate after compression is more than or equal to 1.3g/cm3The porosity is less than or equal to 5 percent.
5. The preparation method of the two-dimensional weaving green environment-friendly high-strength wood-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the adhesive is one or a combination of more of epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polypropylene, polyethylene and polymethyl methacrylate.
6. The preparation method of the two-dimensional weaving green environment-friendly high-strength wood-based composite material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the epoxy resin comprises an epoxy resin monomer and a curing agent, wherein the epoxy resin monomer accounts for 70-95% of the total mass, and the curing agent accounts for 5-30% of the total mass; the epoxy resin monomer is E51 or E44, and the curing agent is polyamide, anhydride, diamine or polyamine; when the adhesive is applied to the surface of the veneer, the epoxy resin is uniformly coated on the surface of the veneer; applying phenolic resin on the veneer by adopting a solution impregnation process; the polypropylene or polyethylene adhesive is formed by uniformly paving polypropylene or polyethylene films or plastic powder between single-board layers; the polymethyl methacrylate adhesive is formed by uniformly paving a polymethyl methacrylate film between single-plate layers.
7. The preparation method of the two-dimensional weaving green environment-friendly high-strength wood-based composite material as claimed in claim 6, wherein: in the dipping process, diluting a phenolic resin solution into a solution with the mass concentration of 10-25%, then placing the wood veneer into the solution for 1-60s, taking out the wood veneer and airing the veneer containing the glue until the water content is 3-15 mass%; the total amount of the adhesive accounts for 10-30% of the total mass of the composite material; the density of the plate blank is more than or equal to 1.0g/cm after high pressure is applied3。
8. The preparation method of the two-dimensional weaving green environment-friendly high-strength wood-based composite material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the curing temperature of the epoxy resin adhesive is between room temperature and 200 ℃; the curing temperature of the phenolic resin is 120-170 ℃; the curing temperature of the polypropylene is 150-200 ℃, the curing temperature of the polyethylene is 100-160 ℃, and the curing temperature of the polymethyl methacrylate is 110-150 ℃.
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