CN109366656B - Control method for density peak shape of single-side compressed wood - Google Patents
Control method for density peak shape of single-side compressed wood Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wood product production processes, and discloses a method for controlling the density peak form of single-side compressed wood, which comprises the following steps: s1, placing wood in a hot pressing plate, and controlling the water migration rate of the surface layer of the wood; s2, softening layer control: accurately controlling the position and the thickness of a softening layer according to the glass transition point temperature of the softening layer; s3, hot-pressing control: according to the density peak shape, a single-stage hot pressing or multi-stage hot pressing mode is adopted, and the pressure is 3-12 MPa; s4, plasticizing and shaping control: preserving heat, maintaining pressure, plasticizing, and shaping at low temperature and low pressure; s5, pressure relief: and (4) releasing the pressure by using a press, opening a pressing plate, and taking out the wood to obtain the single-side compressed wood with the specific density peak shape. The control method realizes the shape control of the density peak of the single-side compressed wood, is simple and convenient to operate, controllable in realization process, high in efficiency and the like; the mechanical property of the single-side compressed wood is different due to the density peak shape, and the single-side compressed wood can be widely applied to the fields of solid wood floors, solid wood furniture, solid wood cabinets and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wood product production processes, and particularly relates to a method for controlling a density peak form of single-side compressed wood.
Background
Currently, China stops commercial felling of natural forests all over, and timber structures are gradually changed from natural forests to fast-growing artificial forests. However, the fast-growing artificial forest has low wood density, low mechanical property and poor stability, is mainly used in the fields of plywood, pulping and papermaking, logistics packaging and the like, and has low solid wood utilization degree. The method has the advantages that the method carries out functional improvement on the woods of the artificial forest, widens the application field of the woods of the artificial forest and improves the lignification utilization rate of the woods, is a fundamental way for solving the problem of shortage of high-quality woods in China, and is a necessary way for promoting the development of forestry circular economy.
The mechanical property of the single-side compressed wood is different due to the density peak shape, and the accurate control of the density peak shape of the single-side compressed wood is an ideal wood functional improvement method, so that the density peak shape control of the single-side compressed wood is realized, the application field of the single-side compressed wood can be widened, and the multidirectional utilization of the single-side compressed wood is realized. Chinese patent CN106217566A discloses a kind of woodThe production method for the progressive thickening of the surface compression layer comprises the following specific production steps: drying the plate until the water content is lower than 14%, performing end-capping treatment and water immersion treatment on the plate, determining the water immersion time according to the compression thickness and the water immersion coefficient, sending the plate into a hot press for hot pressing, performing preheating treatment for 160s at the preheating temperature of 100-200 ℃, then performing continuous hot pressing or intermittent hot pressing at intervals of 3-25 s on the plate, wherein the pressing pressure is 2-20 MPa, the compression speed is 0.1-8 mm/s, the hot pressing temperature is 100-200 ℃, until the plate is compressed to the specified thickness, cooling to below 70 ℃ after keeping for more than 2min, sending the compressed plate into a heat treatment kiln for heat treatment under the clamping of a clamping plate after the compression treatment is finished, cooling, humidifying and taking the plate out of the kiln after the heat treatment is finished, thus obtaining the finished product. Literature (Tuanyun, Du Chao, Zhouqiao, Yansha, Laoyi Min, Dowu, application of surface compression technology in the production of poplar solid wood flooring [ J]In the wood industry, 2012 and 26(4):46-48.) the Italian poplar wood floor blank with the water content of 10-15% is compressed on one side by a temperature difference method (the one-side hot pressing plate is used for heating and softening the wood, the other side is not heated or is kept at a low temperature by introducing cooling water) under the process conditions of 160 ℃ and 12MPa, the thickness of a compact layer of the Italian poplar wood is 2mm, and the density peak value reaches 1.24g/cm3. Literature (Belt, Rautkari L, Lane K, Hill C. Current hearing of surface characterized paint wood the effect of process parameters and correlation with depth profile characteristics J]6426-6430) also uses the temperature difference method to compress the European red pine wood with water content of 9-16%, the thickness of the compact layer of the compressed red pine wood can reach 4 mm, and the density peak reaches 0.92g/cm3. Above-mentioned patent adopts the hot pressing method to prepare surface layer compressed material, for control surface layer compressed material closely knit layer thickness, hot pressing adopts the end capping in earlier stage to handle, soaks the control that water treatment realized panel thickness direction moisture content gradient, realizes the control of softened layer under the preheating condition, under this process conditions, fails accurate control surface layer moisture migration rate, softened layer position and thickness have the uncertainty, the difficult accurate control of target density peak type form realization process, causes the qualification rate low, high in production cost. Density peak of single-side compressed wood of wood in existing literature researchThe model is single, and the peak model of the dense layer cannot be controlled according to the use requirement to obtain the optimized application effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a method for controlling the peak shape form of the density of single-side compressed wood. The method realizes the accurate control of the position and the thickness of a softening layer by controlling the water migration rate of the surface layer of the thermal contact end plate and matching with the softening point of glass, and realizes the peak shape form control of the compression wood density on one side by adopting a single-stage hot pressing mode or a multi-stage hot pressing mode.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for controlling the density peak shape of single-side compressed wood comprises the following specific steps:
s1, moisture migration control: placing the wood in a hot pressing plate, controlling the water migration rate of the surface layer of the wood at the temperature of 100-200 ℃ of the single-side hot pressing plate;
s2, softening layer control: accurately controlling the thickness of the softening layer and the positions of the softening layer and the surface of the wood according to the temperature of the glass transition point of the softening layer;
s3, hot-pressing control: according to the density peak shape, a single-stage hot pressing or multi-stage hot pressing mode is adopted, and the pressure is 3-12 MPa; the single-stage hot pressing comprises the following steps: the compression speed is constant and is 0.03-0.5 mm/s, and the compression ratio is 15-35%; the multistage hot pressing comprises the following steps: the loading speed is 0.1-0.5 mm/s in the range of 0-10s, the loading speed is 0.01-0.03 mm/s in the range of 11-230s, the loading speed is 0.1-0.5 mm/s in the range of 231-240s, and the compression rate is 15-35%;
s4, plasticizing and shaping control: performing heat preservation, pressure maintaining and plasticizing at the temperature of 100-200 ℃ and the pressure of 3-12 MPa, and shaping at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ and the pressure of 1-2 MPa;
s5, pressure relief: and (4) releasing the pressure by using a press, opening a pressing plate, and taking out the wood to obtain the single-side compressed wood with the specific density peak shape.
Preferably, the water content of the wood in the step S1 is 8-25 wt%, and the absolute dry density of the wood is 0.3-0.65 g/cm3。
Preferably, the wood in step S1 is poplar, rubber wood, fir, pine or eucalyptus.
Preferably, the moisture migration rate of the surface layer of the wood in the step S1 is 1.35 × 10-2～4.46×10-2m3/s。
Preferably, in the step S2, the distance between the softened layer and the wood surface is 0-5 mm (0 means that the softened layer is tightly attached to the wood surface), the thickness of the softened layer is 2-10 mm, and the glass transition point temperature of the softened layer is 80-200 ℃.
More preferably, the distance between the softening layer and the surface of the wood is 1-3 mm, the thickness of the softening layer is 4-6 mm, and the glass transition point temperature of the softening layer is 120-180 ℃.
Preferably, the plasticizing time in the step S4 is 60 to 120 seconds, and the setting time is 10 to 15 minutes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the single-side compression wood is prepared by adopting a single-hot-end temperature difference method, and the single-side hot pressing plate of the press is heated and heated, so that the effects of saving energy consumption and reducing cost are achieved compared with the heating and heating of the double-side hot pressing plate.
2. Under the condition of a constant heat source, the temperature in the cell cavity of the thermal contact surface of the wood is increased, part of free water is evaporated, and the rest of water vapor expands, so that the pressure in the semi-closed wood cell cavity is increased to form a larger pressure difference. The temperature and pressure in the wood cell cavity are increased, the grain holes on the cell wall are damaged, the moisture permeability is greatly improved, the moisture permeability in the wood can be improved by thousands of times, and based on the principle, the moisture migration rate control of the surface layer of the board is realized by changing the temperature of the hot pressboard. The softening layer is accurately controlled by matching with the preheating time, and the actual operation process is simple and controllable.
3. In the process of single-side compression, under the action of a force field, the part with higher water content of the wood is easy to soften and compress, and under the condition of single-stage hot pressing mode, namely uniform loading, the migration rate of a non-uniform softening layer can not be coupled, so that the section density curve form (shown in figures 1 and 2) is obtained; under the condition of multistage hot-pressing mode, namely non-uniform loading, the sectional density curve form (figure 3) is obtained by coupling the migration rate of the softening layer in a non-uniform mode.
4. In the later stage of single-side compression, plasticizing, fixing and rebounding are adopted, in the stage of heat preservation and pressure maintaining, the moisture of the wood is evaporated and continuously migrates to the core layer, the glass state conversion temperature of the wood component of the compact layer is increased, the plasticity of the wood is reduced, the deformation is fixed, the realization process is controllable, and the operation is simple.
5. The single-side compressed wood structure is asymmetric, large stress can be formed in the single-side compressed wood structure, the low-temperature and low-pressure mode is adopted in the later stage of compression to reduce the thermal stress of the wood, and the flatness of the wood is greatly improved.
6. The method realizes the control of the density peak shape form of the single-side compressed wood, can meet the requirements of different fields such as solid wood floors, solid wood furniture, solid wood cabinets and the like on the mechanical property of the wood, controls the internal density distribution and the peak shape of the single-side compressed wood, and obtains the optimal use effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional density distribution (VDP) of a compressed material of a single surface layer of Populus tomentosa and a control material in example 1.
FIG. 2 shows VDP of the compressed wood of single-side surface layer of Chinese white poplar and the control wood of example 2.
FIG. 3 shows VDP of the compressed material of single-side surface layer of Chinese white poplar and the control material in example 3.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to further illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
(1) Controlling water migration: planing two sides of Chinese white poplar wood dried to have water content of 10 wt% to prepare boards of 900 x 120 x 24 mm, placing the two Chinese white poplar boards in a hot press with a single-side hot flat plate at 180 ℃, and placing thickness gauges of 20mm on two sides of the wood;
(2) softening layer control: the softening layer is controlled on the surface layer of the plate without preheating;
(3) and (3) hot-pressing control: the pressure of the press is set to be 12MPa, the plate is compressed to the target thickness of 20mm at a constant compression speed of 0.5mm/s, and the compression rate is 16%;
(4) plasticizing and shaping control: keeping the temperature and pressure of the single-side hot flat plate at 180 ℃ and under the pressure of 12MPa for 60s, and keeping the temperature and pressure of the double-side hot flat plate at 50 ℃ and under the pressure of 2MPa for 10 minutes;
(5) and (4) releasing the pressure of the press, opening the pressing plate, and taking out the wood to obtain the single-side compressed wood.
FIG. 1 shows the cross-sectional density distribution (VDP) of compressed wood and control wood on one side of Chinese white poplar, the VDP of the wood is measured by a DPX-300LTE X-ray cross-sectional density analyzer, the scanning speed is 0.05 mm/s, and the voltage of the X-ray source is 29 kV. The control wood was a sample cut from the end of the Chinese white poplar wood before compression treatment, and as can be seen from FIG. 1, the control wood had a uniform density distribution in cross section, with an average density of 500kg/m3The sectional density of the Chinese white poplar wood after the compression of the single-side surface layer is in single-side peak distribution, the peak value is positioned on the wood surface contacted with a hot plate, and the peak value density is 1200kg/m3。
Example 2
(1) Controlling water migration: double-sided polishing of Chinese white poplar wood which is dried in a room until the moisture content is 20 wt% to prepare boards with the size of 900 multiplied by 120 multiplied by 30 mm, placing two Chinese white poplar boards in a hot press with a single-side hot flat board at the temperature of 120 ℃, and placing thickness gauges with the size of 20mm on two sides of the wood;
(2) softening layer control: controlling the softening layer at a position 2mm away from the surface of the plate, and preheating for 30 seconds;
(3) and (3) hot-pressing control: the pressure of the press is set to be 12MPa, the plate is compressed to the target thickness of 20mm at a constant compression speed of 0.03mm/s, and the compression rate is 33%;
(4) plasticizing and shaping control: keeping the temperature and pressure of the single-side hot flat plate at 120 ℃ and the pressure at 12MPa for 60s, and keeping the temperature and pressure of the double-side hot flat plate at 50 ℃ and the pressure at 2MPa for 10 minutes;
(5) and (4) releasing the pressure of the press, opening the pressing plate, and taking out the wood to obtain the single-side compressed wood.
FIG. 2 shows the cross-sectional density distribution (VDP) of compressed wood and control wood of Populus tomentosa, wherein the VDP of the wood is measured by DPX-300LTE, which uses a Gamma X-ray cross-sectional density analyzer, and the scanning speed is 0.05 mm/s, and the X-rayThe source voltage was 29 kv. The control wood was a sample cut from the end of the Chinese white poplar wood before compression treatment, and as can be seen from FIG. 2, the overall distribution of the cross-sectional density of the control wood was relatively uniform, with an average density of 450kg/m3The sectional density of the Chinese white poplar wood after the unilateral compression is distributed in a unilateral peak mode, the peak value is 2mm away from the surface of the wood contacted with a hot plate, and the peak value density is 890kg/m3。
Example 3
(1) Controlling water migration: double-sided polishing of Chinese white poplar wood dried in room to water content of 15 wt% to prepare board of 900 × 120 × 25 mm, placing 2 Chinese white poplar boards in a hot press with one-side hot plate at 150 deg.c and setting thickness gauges of 20mm on two sides of the wood;
(2) softening layer control: the thickness of the softened layer is 5mm, and preheating is not needed;
(3) and (3) hot-pressing control: the pressure of the press is set to be 3MPa, the plate is compressed to the target thickness of 20mm and the compression rate of 20% under the non-uniform loading mode of 0.1mm/s of press feeding speed in the 0-10s interval, 0.01mm/s of press feeding speed in the 11-230s interval and 0.2mm/s of press feeding speed in the 231-240s interval;
(4) plasticizing and shaping control: keeping the temperature and pressure of the single-side hot flat plate at 150 ℃ and under the pressure of 3MPa for 60s, and keeping the temperature and pressure of the double-side hot flat plate at 50 ℃ and under the pressure of 2MPa for 10 minutes;
(5) and (4) releasing the pressure of the press, opening the pressing plate, and taking out the wood to obtain the single-side compressed wood.
FIG. 3 shows the cross-sectional density distribution (VDP) of a compressed single-sided poplar wood and a control wood, the VDP of the wood being measured by a Zeeman X-ray cross-sectional density analyzer DPX-300LTE, the scanning speed being 0.05 mm/s and the X-ray source voltage being 29 kV. The control wood was a sample cut from the end of the Chinese white poplar wood before compression treatment, and as can be seen from FIG. 3, the overall distribution of the cross-sectional density of the control wood was relatively uniform, with an average density of 500kg/m3The section density of the Chinese white poplar wood after single-side compression is in single-side peak distribution, the thickness of the compact layer is 5mm, and the peak density is 850kg/m3。
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for controlling the density peak shape of single-side compressed wood is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1, moisture migration control: the water content is 8-25 wt%, and the absolute dry density is 0.3-0.65 g/cm3The wood is placed in a hot pressing plate, the temperature of the single-side hot pressing plate is 100-200 ℃, and the water migration rate of the surface layer of the wood is controlled to be 1.35 multiplied by 10-2~4.46×10-2m3/s；
S2, softening layer control: accurately controlling the thickness of the softening layer to be 2-10 mm according to the temperature of the glass transition point of the softening layer to be 80-200 ℃, and controlling the positions of the softening layer and the surface of the wood to be 1-3 mm;
s3, hot-pressing control: according to the density peak shape, a single-stage hot pressing or multi-stage hot pressing mode is adopted, and the pressure is 3-12 MPa; the single-stage hot pressing comprises the following steps: the compression speed is constant and is 0.03-0.5 mm/s, and the compression ratio is 15-35%; the multistage hot pressing comprises the following steps: the loading speed is 0.1-0.5 mm/s in the range of 0-10s, the loading speed is 0.01-0.03 mm/s in the range of 11-230s, the loading speed is 0.1-0.5 mm/s in the range of 231-240s, and the compression rate is 15-35%;
s4, plasticizing and shaping control: performing heat preservation, pressure maintaining and plasticizing at the temperature of 100-200 ℃ and the pressure of 3-12 MPa, and shaping at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ and the pressure of 1-2 MPa;
s5, pressure relief: and (4) releasing the pressure by using a press, opening a pressing plate, and taking out the wood to obtain the single-side compressed wood with the specific density peak shape.
2. The method for controlling the peak shape of density of one-side compressed wood according to claim 1, wherein the wood in step S1 is poplar, rubber wood, fir, pine or eucalyptus.
3. The method for controlling peak-density morphology of single-sided compressed wood according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the softened layer is 4-6 mm and the glass transition point temperature of the softened layer is 120-180 ℃.
4. The method for controlling peak-density morphology of single-sided compressed wood according to claim 1, wherein the time for the heat-preservation pressure-maintaining plasticizing in step S4 is 60-120 seconds.
5. The method for controlling peak shape of density of one-sided compressed wood according to claim 1, wherein the setting time in step S4 is 10 to 15 minutes.
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| WO2019133806A1 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-04 | Armstrong Hardwood Flooring Company | Densified wood including process for preparation |
| CN109822704A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-05-31 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | A kind of oil palm compressed wood and preparation method thereof |
| CN112157763A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-01 | 西北工业大学 | Natural wood compacting and strengthening method |
| CN116533340B (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2024-02-20 | 华南农业大学 | Preparation method of compressed wood with controllable density |
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