CN115025638A - 一种具有双疏性聚四氟乙烯空气过滤膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有双疏性空气过滤膜的制备方法，取PMTFPS溶于四氢呋喃THF溶液中，并加入PFTS；将溶液超声震荡一段时间，然后将二氧化硅SiO2纳米粒子加入溶液中并搅拌一段时间，将上述溶液倒入喷瓶中，调节喷涂压力，以PTFE双向拉伸膜为底膜对其表面进行喷涂一段时间；放入去离子水中浸泡一段时间，然后在烘箱中干燥。本发明中改性后的PTFE膜对水的接触角仍保持在125°以上，而对正十六烷的接触角也可达120°以上，改性膜具有微纳米粗糙结构，使其具备疏水疏油性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机膜的制备方法，具体涉及具有双疏性聚四氟乙烯空气过滤膜的制备方法，属于气体分离领域。
背景技术
越来越多的人开始关心空气质量，担心自己吸入的气体是否会影响健康。
在人们生活中，垃圾焚烧，煤电，钢铁，水泥和冶金等工业中都会排放一定的烟尘，这些烟尘除含有细颗粒物外还有有害油性气溶胶，如醛，烃，芳族化合物等。因此，在过滤固体颗粒物的同时也需要除去油性物。
在有机膜中，聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜的相对密度较高，具有良好的疏水性，因此具有韧性和弹性，耐磨性也更好，且具有优异的化学稳定性。在同类材料中， PTFE膜的热稳定性更突出。除此之外，PTFE膜是一种能耐高温、低温的好材料，具有优良的介电性能。在零度以上，它不会受到频率、温度、湿度和腐蚀性气体的影响。在水中，它的性能不会明显降低。
因此在尽量不影响其疏水性和透气性的情况下，对PTFE膜进行改性，从而达到疏油的效果。这在PTFE的日常使用中是很有必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有双疏性聚四氟乙烯空气过滤膜的制备方法。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种具有双疏性空气过滤膜的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
1)取适量的聚三氟丙基甲基硅氧烷(PMTFPS)溶于一定量的四氢呋喃(THF) 溶液中，并加入适量的全氟癸基三氯硅烷(PFTS)；
2)将步骤1)得到的溶液超声震荡一段时间，然后将二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米粒子加入溶液中并搅拌一段时间，再超声震荡一段时间，最后搅拌一段时间；将上述溶液倒入喷瓶中，调节喷涂压力，以PTFE双向拉伸膜为底膜对其表面进行喷涂一段时间；
3)将步骤2)得到的PTFE膜放入去离子水中浸泡一段时间，然后在烘箱中干燥。
优选地，上述步骤1)中的PMTFPS在THF溶液中的浓度为0.2～0.6μL/g。
优选地，上述步骤1)中加入PFTS在THF溶液中的浓度为1～5μL/g。
优选地，上述步骤2)中SiO2纳米粒子的直径为10～50nm。
优选地，上述步骤2)中SiO2纳米粒子与溶液的质量比为1:100～500。
优选地，上述步骤2)中的超声震荡时间为20～40min，搅拌时间为1～3h。
优选地，上述步骤2)中的喷涂压力为0.1～0.5MPa，喷涂时间为5～60s。
优选地，上述步骤3)中浸泡时间为1～2h，烘箱内50～70℃干燥20～40min。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明制备工艺简便，操作简单。商业PTFE膜本身具有较强的疏水性，对水的接触角可达145°，而对于低表面张力液体(如正十六烷)，极易在膜表面铺展，其接触角一开始可达到20°，但几秒后会立即铺展开。本发明中改性后的PTFE膜对水的接触角仍保持在125°以上，而对正十六烷的接触角也可达120°以上，改性膜具有微纳米粗糙结构，使其具备疏水疏油性能，尤其是疏油性较原膜大幅度提升，且其透气性相对于原膜相差不大，可延长其在气固分离领域中的使用寿命。
附图说明
以下结合附图和本发明的实施方式来做进一步详细说明
图1为实施例4的PTFE膜改性前后的水油接触角测试图：(a)图为改性前水接触角测试图，(b)图为改性前油接触角测试图，(c)图为改性后水接触角测试图， (d)图为改性后油接触角测试图。
具体实施方式
以下实例给出改性后PTFE膜的双疏性能。然而，这些实例仅仅提供部分说明而不是限定此发明。
实例1-5：
具体步骤如下：
取一定量的PMTFPS溶于THF中配制成0.39μL/g的溶液，并加入PFTS， PFTS的浓度为2μL/g，超声20～40min后，边搅拌边加入SiO2(15nm)纳米粒子，纳米粒子与溶液的质量比为1:200。搅拌使溶液均匀，后倒入喷瓶中，喷涂压力为0.2MPa，以商业PTFE膜为底膜对其表面进行喷涂10～30s。喷涂后浸入去离子水中1～2h，最后放入60℃烘箱内干燥20～60min。
如上所述实施例，保持其余量不变，只改变喷涂时间，探究能够达成双疏的最佳喷涂时间，其双疏性能可用接触角表征。
接触角测试：将干燥的膜样品裁剪成一定大小，用双面胶固定在载玻片上。采用接触角测量仪(OCA15EC，德国Dataphysics)测量膜表面对水和正十六烷的静态接触角，实验中控制测试液滴体积大约为2.0μL，数据由仪器自带软件处理得到。测得PTFE膜对水的接触角为145°左右，而正十六烷液滴初始可在膜上形成的接触角为20°。以下为实施例1-5测得的接触角结果：
实例6-10：
具体步骤如下：
取一定量的PMTFPS溶于THF中配制成0.39μL/g的溶液，并加入PFTS， PFTS的浓度为2μL/g，超声20～40min后，边搅拌边加入SiO2(15nm)纳米粒子，纳米粒子与溶液的质量比为1:400。搅拌使溶液均匀，后倒入喷瓶中调节喷涂压力为0.2MPa，以商业PTFE膜为底膜对其表面进行喷涂10～30s。喷涂后浸入去离子水中1～2h，最后放入60℃烘箱内干燥20～60min。
如同上述实施例1-5，改变SiO2纳米粒子与溶液的质量比，喷涂时间10～30s。探究能够达成双疏的最佳条件，其双疏性能可用接触角表征。
以下为实施例6-10测得的接触角结果：
Claims (8)
1.一种具有双疏性空气过滤膜的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
1)取适量的聚三氟丙基甲基硅氧烷PMTFPS溶于一定量的四氢呋喃THF溶液中，并加入适量的全氟癸基三氯硅烷PFTS；
2)将步骤1)得到的溶液超声震荡一段时间，然后将二氧化硅SiO2纳米粒子加入溶液中并搅拌一段时间，再超声震荡一段时间，最后搅拌一段时间；将上述溶液倒入喷瓶中，调节喷涂压力，以PTFE双向拉伸膜为底膜对其表面进行喷涂一段时间；
3)将步骤2)得到的PTFE膜放入去离子水中浸泡一段时间，然后在烘箱中干燥。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中的PMTFPS在THF溶液中的浓度为0.2～0.6μL/g。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于,步骤1)中加入PFTS在THF溶液中的浓度为1～5μL/g。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤2)中SiO2纳米粒子的直径为10～50nm。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤2)中SiO2纳米粒子与溶液的质量比为1:100～500。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤2)中的超声震荡时间为20～40min，搅拌时间为1～3h。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤2)中的喷涂压力为0.1～0.5MPa，喷涂时间为5～60s。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤3)中浸泡时间为1～2h，烘箱内50～70℃干燥20～40min。
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