CN115024325A - 提高雾培法马铃薯腋芽匍匐茎发生数量的复合激素制剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物技术领域，具体涉及提高雾培法马铃薯腋芽匍匐茎发生数量的复合激素制剂，所述的复合激素制剂包括1mg/mLIAA、1mg/mLBAP、10mMMeJA，还包括农用有机硅助剂，本发明提供了一种提高雾培法马铃薯腋芽匍匐茎发生数量的复合激素制剂，所述的复合激素制剂能够促进植株匍匐茎发生数，从而促进雾培微型薯产量增加。所述的复合激素制剂包括IAA，BAP，MeJA，均属于普通激素类化学物品，对环境污染小，容易购买，成本低；且各组分的混合属于简单的物理混匀，中间无化学反应发生，在普通的生产空间、低温无压力条件下就能够完成，能耗低；后期仅需要简单混合和包装就行，绿色环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域，具体涉及提高雾培法马铃薯腋芽匍匐茎发生数量的复合激素制剂。
背景技术
雾培技术又称喷雾栽培、气雾培，它是所有无土栽培技术中根系水气矛盾解决得最好的一种形式，同时它也易于自动化控制和进行立体栽培，提高温室空间的利用率。雾培法培养马铃薯就是将适用于不同时期发育的营养液适时适量喷于保持在黑暗条件下的马铃薯植株根际，使马铃薯得到充分的营养，促进马铃薯块茎的生长。马铃薯的匍匐茎是生长块茎的地方，它的尖端膨大就长成了块茎。叶子制造的有机物质通过匍匐茎输送到块茎里，可以把匍匐茎比喻成胎儿的脐带。匍匐茎是由地下茎的节上腋芽长成的，实际是茎在土壤里的分枝，所以也有人管它叫匍匐枝。一般是白色，在地下土壤表层水平方向生长。匍匐茎愈多形成的薯块也愈多，但不是所有的匍匐茎都能形成块茎。在正常情况下匍匐茎成薯率为50％～70％。不形成块茎的匍匐茎，到生育后期便自行死亡。
吲哚乙酸(IAA)是一类内源性激素，可以诱导块茎分化、器官发生及根的伸长和向地性生长。马铃薯块茎发育不同阶段，内源生长素含量不同，在匍匐茎顶端膨大和块茎形成初期含量较高，到块茎发育成熟期含量降低。外源生长素可以促进内源生长素合成，并抑制碳水化合物消耗，从而有利于块茎形态建成。6-苄氨基嘌呤(BAP)是一种人工合成的细胞分裂素类激素，可以调节植物花芽分化和器官形成、解除顶端优势、促进侧芽形成和抑制叶片衰老。茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)是由茉莉酸衍生而来的重要的生长调节激素，对种子萌发、植物开花、病虫抗逆过程有积极的影响。
发明专利一种利用马铃薯匍匐茎的茎段繁殖马铃薯微型薯的方法(CN111528097A)公开了将生产雾培薯结束后剩余的匍匐茎采摘下来制成茎段，经茎段消毒处理后种植于基质内进行再利用，能够扩大马铃薯繁殖效率，增加繁殖系数，减少生产成本投入。发明专利 CN110226505A公开了一种利用马铃薯微型薯幼芽快繁马铃薯微型薯的方法，在所述的方法中，使用了激素进行马铃薯微型薯催芽和幼芽诱导生根。但是，目前未能查到雾培微型薯生产过程中外源复合施加激素促进匍匐茎发生数量的研究发明。查到的相关马铃薯外源施加生长素、细胞分裂素及茉莉酸甲酯的相关文献资料表明，外源激素处理可以有效增加马铃薯产量，没有关于激素处理对匍匐茎发生数量的研究。
针对上述技术问题，本发明旨在提供一种提高雾培法马铃薯腋芽匍匐茎发生数量的复合激素制剂，配置方法简单，喷施方便，绿色环保、效果好；用水将生长素、细胞分裂素和茉莉酸甲酯原液进行稀释，喷施于叶片表面，对植株进行直接或间接作用，增加匍匐茎发生数量。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种提高雾培法马铃薯腋芽匍匐茎发生数量的复合激素制剂，所述的复合激素制剂包括1mg/mL IAA、1mg/mL BAP、10mM MeJA。
优选的，所述的复合激素制剂还包括农用有机硅助剂、有机氟助剂、涂易乐DS-192系列等。
优选的，所述的农用有机硅助剂的加入量为0.05％。
本发明的第二目的是提供所述的复合激素制剂在提高雾培法马铃薯腋芽匍匐茎发生数量中的应用。
本发明的第三目的是提供所述的复合激素制剂在提高雾培法马铃薯繁殖系数中的应用。
本发明的有益效果是：(1)本发明提供了一种提高雾培法马铃薯腋芽匍匐茎发生数量的复合激素制剂，所述的复合激素制剂能够促进植株匍匐茎发生数，从而促进雾培微型薯产量增加。(2)所述的复合激素制剂包括IAA，BAP，MeJA，均属于普通激素类化学物品，对环境污染小，容易购买，成本低；且IAA，BAP，MeJA和助剂的混合属于简单的物理混匀，中间无化学反应发生，在普通的生产空间、低温无压力条件下就能够完成，能耗低；后期仅需要简单混合和包装就行，绿色环保。
附图说明
图12020年不同品种对照与处理不同时期植株形态变化
图22021年不同品种对照与处理不同时期植株形态变化
具体实施方式
为便于理解本发明，本发明列举实施例如下。本领域技术人员应该明了，所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明，不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
对于本发明所涉及的相关内容及所做的修改，均属于本发明保护范围。
以下实施例所述的费乌瑞它，原名为FAVORITA(费乌瑞它)，山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉所引入山东栽培，取名"鲁引1号"；1989年天津市农业科学院蔬菜花卉所引入，取名“津引8 号”，又名“荷兰薯”、“晋引薯8号”、“荷兰15”，为我国主栽早熟品种之一。
以下实施例所述的甘农薯7号是由甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室、甘肃农业大学农学院选育的杂交品种。
以下实施例所述的雾培法，又称气雾栽培，是一种新型的栽培方式，它是利用喷雾装置将营养液雾化为小雾滴状，直接喷射到植物根系以提供植物生长所需的水分和养分的一种无土栽培技术。
实施例一、一种提高雾培法马铃薯腋芽匍匐茎发生数量的复合激素制剂
配置含有1mg/mL IAA、1mg/mLBAP、10mM MeJA，按体积比例加入农用有机硅助剂LS-66，于-20℃保存。
实施例二、一种提高雾培法马铃薯腋芽匍匐茎发生数量的复合激素制剂的应用
在甘肃庄浪，按照常规雾培法培育费乌瑞它和甘农薯7号两种品种的马铃薯，组培苗移栽雾培槽后20天进行实施例一制备得到的复合激素制剂叶面喷施处理。每隔一周进行一次复合制剂喷施处理，并对匍匐茎发生数进行统计，每个小区随机取样10株，统计匍匐茎发生数和匍匐茎上一级分支发生数。
未施用复合激素喷施处理前，植株匍匐茎及一级分支数量发生数量少，处理后期结薯数量相对较少，经复合激素喷施处理后，处理前期两个品种匍匐茎及一级分支发生数均显著增加，处理后期结薯数量明显增多。具体如表1和表2所示。
表1 2020年复合激素制剂对匍匐茎发生数促进效果
表2 2021年复合激素制剂对匍匐茎发生数促进效果
注：1.对同一批脱毒组培苗进行扩繁炼苗后，定植在雾培栽培槽中，每个品种设2个水培槽 (对照和处理)，种植密度40-50株/m2
结果表明，复合激素制剂喷施处理显著增加了匍匐茎发生数和一级分支发生数，在两年的处理中均有明显的效果。如图1和图2所示，因此，可通过喷施复合激素制剂来促进植株匍匐茎发生数，从而促进雾培微型薯产量增加。
综上所述，本发明提供了一种提高雾培法马铃薯腋芽匍匐茎发生数量的复合激素制剂，所述的复合激素制剂含有1mg/mL IAA、1mg/mLBAP、10mM MeJA。所述的复合激素制剂喷施在植物表面，可促进植株匍匐茎发生数，从而促进雾培微型薯产量增加。
Claims (5)
1.一种提高雾培法马铃薯腋芽匍匐茎发生数量的复合激素制剂，其特征在于，所述的复合激素制剂包括1mg/mL IAA、1mg/mL BAP、10mM MeJA。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合激素制剂，其特征在于，所述的复合激素制剂还包括农用有机硅助剂、有机氟助剂或涂易乐DS-192系列。
3.如权利要求3所述的复合激素制剂，其特征在于，所述的农用有机硅助剂的加入量为0.05％。
4.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的复合激素制剂在提高雾培法马铃薯腋芽匍匐茎发生数量中的应用。
5.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的复合激素制剂在提高雾培法马铃薯繁殖系数中的应用。
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| CN111685127A (zh) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-22 | 甘肃省科学院生物研究所 | 一种促使植物无性繁殖的诱导剂及其应用 |
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| CN111685127A (zh) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-22 | 甘肃省科学院生物研究所 | 一种促使植物无性繁殖的诱导剂及其应用 |
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| P.D. ABEYTILAKARATHNA: "Factors Affect to Stolon Formation and Tuberization in Potato: A Review", 《AGRICULTURAL REVIEWS》, vol. 43, no. 1, pages 91 - 97 * |
| 彭晓莉;王蒂;张金文;吴旺泽;: "激素诱导下不同培养方式对马铃薯微型薯的诱导效应", 甘肃农业大学学报, no. 01, pages 16 - 19 * |
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