CN115021378B - Battery pack charging method and device - Google Patents

Battery pack charging method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115021378B
CN115021378B CN202210930679.9A CN202210930679A CN115021378B CN 115021378 B CN115021378 B CN 115021378B CN 202210930679 A CN202210930679 A CN 202210930679A CN 115021378 B CN115021378 B CN 115021378B
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single battery
voltage
charging
current
battery
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CN115021378A (en
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舒伟
董汉
陈超
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Suzhou Tsing Standard Automobile Technology Co ltd
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Suzhou Tsing Standard Automobile Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery pack charging method and device. The battery pack charging method includes: calculating the current charging cut-off voltage of the single battery; the control charging module charges the single battery according to the target charging current, and when the voltage of the first port of the single battery reaches the current charging cut-off voltage, the control charging module stops charging so as to enable the single battery to stand, wherein the standing time of the single battery is equal to the current time constant of the single battery; when the single battery is in static state, acquiring a plurality of second port voltages and next open-circuit voltage of the single battery, determining the next time constant of the single battery according to the plurality of second port voltages, and determining the next charging cut-off voltage of the single battery according to the next open-circuit voltage, the basic parameters and the target charging current; and when the open-circuit voltage of the single battery reaches the preset voltage, finishing charging. The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention effectively reduces the whole working time of equalizing charge and improves the efficiency of equalizing charge.

Description

Battery pack charging method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery pack charging method and device.
Background
In the using process of the power battery, the inconsistent voltage of the battery cell is caused by the inconsistency caused by the production and processing of the battery cell and the inconsistency caused by the use environment of the battery cell, so that the battery needs to be charged in a balanced manner, and the voltages of all the battery cells are consistent.
At present, a battery pack is mainly charged by a battery balancing instrument, so that the voltages of all battery cells are consistent. When a battery pack is charged by adopting a battery balancing instrument, a constant-current mode is firstly adopted for charging, and a constant-voltage model is adopted for trickle charging at the later stage; standing the battery at intervals, and judging whether the battery meets the charging cut-off condition; and stopping working after all the battery cells reach the cut-off condition.
However, because the voltage difference between each battery cell is inconsistent with the residual electric quantity, the equalization time of each battery cell is different, the whole working time of the equalizer is the same as the time of the battery cell with the longest time when the preset voltage is reached, and the working efficiency is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a battery pack charging method and device, which aim to solve the problem of low battery equalizing charging efficiency.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery pack charging method, the battery pack including a plurality of unit batteries, the battery pack charging method including:
calculating the current charging cut-off voltage of the single battery according to the basic parameters of the single battery, the target charging current of the single battery and the current open-circuit voltage;
controlling a charging module to charge the single battery according to the target charging current, and controlling the charging module to stop charging when the voltage of the first port of the single battery reaches the current charging cut-off voltage so as to enable the single battery to stand still, wherein the standing time of the single battery is equal to the current time constant of the single battery;
when the single battery is in static state, acquiring a plurality of second port voltages and next open-circuit voltage of the single battery, determining a next time constant of the single battery according to the plurality of second port voltages, and determining a next charging cut-off voltage of the single battery according to the next open-circuit voltage, the basic parameters and the target charging current;
and when the open-circuit voltage of the single battery reaches the preset voltage, finishing charging.
Optionally, before calculating a current charge cut-off voltage of the single battery according to the basic parameters of the single battery, the target charge current of the single battery and the current open-circuit voltage, the method further includes:
and calculating the target charging current of the single battery according to the basic parameters of the single battery.
Optionally, before calculating the target charging current of the single battery according to the basic parameters of the single battery, the method further includes:
controlling the charging module to charge and stand the battery pack, and determining basic parameters of the single battery; wherein the basic parameters at least comprise ohmic internal resistance, polarization internal resistance, charging voltage and effective power of the single battery.
Optionally, the controlling the charging module to charge and rest the battery pack and determining the basic parameters of the single battery includes:
collecting the current open-circuit voltage of the single battery;
controlling the charging module to charge the single battery for a first preset time by using the maximum charging current of the single battery, and acquiring the voltage of a third port of the single battery when the single battery is charged for a second preset time;
controlling the charging module to stand the single battery for a third preset time, and collecting the voltage of a fourth port of the single battery every other fourth preset time;
calculating ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance of the single battery according to the third port voltage and the fourth port voltage;
and calculating the effective power according to the charging voltage, the maximum charging current, the ohm internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance.
Optionally, calculating the effective power according to the maximum charging current, the ohmic internal resistance, and the polarization internal resistance includes:
calculating a total power from the charging voltage and the maximum charging current;
calculating the loss power according to the maximum charging current, the ohmic internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance;
calculating the effective power according to the total power and the loss power.
Optionally, calculating a target charging current of the single battery according to the basic parameters of the single battery includes:
and calculating the target charging current of the single battery according to the charging voltage, the ohmic internal resistance, the polarization internal resistance and the effective power of the single battery.
Optionally, collecting a plurality of second port voltages of the single battery when the single battery is in a standing state includes:
and when the single battery is in standing, acquiring the voltages of the second ports of the single battery every fourth preset time.
Optionally, before acquiring the current open-circuit voltage of the single battery, the method further includes:
and inputting the maximum charging current and the preset voltage to the charging module.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery pack charging apparatus, the battery pack including a plurality of unit batteries, the battery pack charging apparatus including: the charging device comprises a control module and a charging module;
the control module is connected with the charging module, the charging module is connected with the battery pack, and the control module is used for calculating the current charging cut-off voltage of the single battery according to the basic parameters of the single battery, the target charging current of the single battery and the current open-circuit voltage; controlling a charging module to charge the single battery according to the target charging current, and controlling the charging module to stop charging when the voltage of the first port of the single battery reaches the current charging cut-off voltage so as to enable the single battery to stand, wherein the standing time of the single battery is equal to the current time constant of the single battery; when the single battery is in static state, acquiring a plurality of second port voltages and next open-circuit voltage of the single battery, determining a next time constant of the single battery according to the plurality of second port voltages, and determining a next charging cut-off voltage of the single battery according to the next open-circuit voltage, the basic parameters and the target charging current; and when the open-circuit voltage of the single battery reaches the preset voltage, ending the charging.
Optionally, the charging module comprises a battery balancer.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the current charging cut-off voltage of the single battery is calculated according to the basic parameters of the single battery, the target charging current and the current open-circuit voltage of the single battery, the charging module is controlled to charge the single battery by using the target charging current, when the voltage of the first port of the single battery reaches the current charging cut-off voltage, the single battery is kept static, and the standing time length of the single battery is equal to the current time constant; the current time constant is data related to the polarization resistance and the polarization capacitance of the single battery, and the polarization voltage of the single battery can be reduced and the polarization accumulation of the battery can be reduced by setting the standing time of the single battery to be equal to the current time constant; when the single battery is in static state, acquiring a plurality of second port voltages of the single battery, wherein the second port voltages can be acquired at intervals, and because the polarization voltage of the single battery is reduced along with the change of time when the battery is in static state, the second port voltage can be changed, the next time constant of the single battery can be calculated according to the plurality of second port voltages and the corresponding time; therefore, the time constant is updated, namely the next standing time of the single battery is determined, the standing time is determined according to the actual condition of the single battery by continuously updating the standing time of the single battery, and compared with the fixed standing time, the standing time can be effectively reduced, and the whole working time of equalizing charging is reduced. And the next open circuit voltage of the single battery is collected, and the next charging cut-off voltage of the single battery is determined according to the next open circuit voltage, the basic parameters and the target charging current, so that the cut-off voltage during next charging is determined. And charging and standing the single batteries repeatedly, wherein when the open-circuit voltage of the single batteries reaches the preset voltage, the open-circuit voltages of all the single batteries reach the preset voltage, so that the battery pack is charged in an equalizing manner, and the charging is finished. The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention solves the problem of low efficiency of equalizing charge of the battery, and achieves the effects of effectively reducing the overall working time of equalizing charge and improving the efficiency of equalizing charge.
It should be understood that the statements in this section do not necessarily identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor do they necessarily limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a battery pack charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of another battery pack charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of another battery pack charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a battery equivalent model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack charging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a battery pack charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the battery pack includes a plurality of single batteries, and as shown in fig. 1, the battery pack charging method includes:
and S110, calculating the current charging cut-off voltage of the single battery according to the basic parameters of the single battery, the target charging current of the single battery and the current open-circuit voltage.
Specifically, the basic parameters of the single battery include parameters such as ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance of the single battery, and the stop condition for charging the single battery can be determined by calculating the current charging cut-off voltage of the single battery before charging according to the basic parameters of the single battery, the target charging current of the single battery and the current open-circuit voltage, thereby facilitating charging of the single battery.
And S120, controlling the charging module to charge the single battery according to the target charging current, and controlling the charging module to stop charging when the voltage of the first port of the single battery reaches the current charging cut-off voltage so as to enable the single battery to stand, wherein the standing time of the single battery is equal to the current time constant of the single battery.
Specifically, the charging module is, for example, a battery balancer, controls the charging module to charge the single battery with the target charging current, and when the voltage of the first port of the single battery reaches the current charging cut-off voltage, the single battery is placed statically, and the standing time of the single battery is equal to the current time constant; current time constant is the data relevant with the polarization resistance and the polarization electric capacity of battery cell, and it is long equal with current time constant to stew through setting up battery cell, can reduce battery cell's polarization voltage, reduces the accumulation of battery polarization, reduces the heat production of battery, slows down the temperature rise in the battery charging process, prevents that battery temperature rise from causing the potential safety hazard.
S130, when the single battery is in static state, collecting a plurality of second port voltages and next open-circuit voltage of the single battery, determining the next time constant of the single battery according to the second port voltages, and determining the next charging cut-off voltage of the single battery according to the next open-circuit voltage, the basic parameters and the target charging current.
Specifically, when the single battery is in a standing state, acquiring a plurality of second port voltages of the single battery, which may be acquiring the second port voltages at intervals, because the polarization voltage of the single battery is reduced along with the change of time when the battery is in a standing state, and the second port voltages will change, the next time constant of the single battery can be calculated according to the plurality of second port voltages and the corresponding time; therefore, the time constant is updated, namely the next standing time of the single battery is determined, the standing time is determined according to the actual condition of the single battery by continuously updating the standing time of the single battery, and compared with the fixed standing time, the standing time can be effectively reduced, and the whole working time of equalizing charging is reduced. And the next open circuit voltage of the single battery is collected, and the next charging cut-off voltage of the single battery is determined according to the next open circuit voltage, the basic parameters and the target charging current, so that the cut-off voltage during next charging is determined.
When the single battery is in standing, the next charging cut-off voltage for next charging and the next time constant for next standing are determined, the charging cut-off voltage for next charging and the time length for next standing can be determined according to the state of the single battery, the whole working time of equalizing charging can be effectively shortened, and the equalizing charging efficiency is improved.
And S140, when the open-circuit voltage of the single battery reaches the preset voltage, finishing charging.
Specifically, the single batteries are repeatedly charged and placed, and when the open-circuit voltage of the single batteries reaches the preset voltage, the open-circuit voltages of all the single batteries reach the preset voltage, so that the battery pack is charged in an equalizing manner, and the battery pack stops working after charging.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the current charging cut-off voltage of the single battery is calculated according to the basic parameters of the single battery, the target charging current and the current open-circuit voltage of the single battery, the charging module is controlled to charge the single battery by using the target charging current, when the voltage of the first port of the single battery reaches the current charging cut-off voltage, the single battery is placed statically, and the standing time of the single battery is equal to the current time constant; the current time constant is data related to the polarization resistance and the polarization capacitance of the single battery, and the polarization voltage of the single battery can be reduced and the polarization accumulation of the battery can be reduced by setting the standing time of the single battery to be equal to the current time constant; when the single battery is in static state, acquiring a plurality of second port voltages of the single battery, wherein the second port voltages can be acquired at intervals, and because the polarization voltage of the single battery is reduced along with the change of time when the battery is in static state, the second port voltage can be changed, the next time constant of the single battery can be calculated according to the plurality of second port voltages and the corresponding time; therefore, the time constant is updated, namely the next standing time of the single battery is determined, the standing time is determined according to the actual condition of the single battery by continuously updating the standing time of the single battery, and compared with the fixed standing time, the standing time can be effectively reduced, and the whole working time of equalizing charging is reduced. And the next open circuit voltage of the single battery is collected, and the next charging cut-off voltage of the single battery is determined according to the next open circuit voltage, the basic parameters and the target charging current, so that the cut-off voltage during next charging is determined. And charging and standing the single batteries repeatedly, wherein when the open-circuit voltage of the single batteries reaches the preset voltage, the open-circuit voltages of all the single batteries reach the preset voltage, so that the battery pack is charged in an equalizing manner, and the charging is finished. The technical scheme of the embodiment solves the problem of low efficiency of equalizing charge of the battery, and achieves the effects of effectively reducing the overall working time of equalizing charge and improving the efficiency of equalizing charge.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of another battery pack charging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and optionally, referring to fig. 2, the battery pack charging method includes:
s210, controlling a charging module to charge and stand the battery pack, and determining basic parameters of a single battery; the basic parameters at least comprise ohmic internal resistance, polarization internal resistance, charging voltage and effective power of the single battery.
Specifically, the charging module is controlled to charge and stand the battery pack, port voltages of the single batteries during charging are collected, a plurality of port voltages of the single batteries during standing are collected, parameters such as ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance of the single batteries can be determined, and the charging voltage can be obtained from the charging module; and determining the effective charging power of the single battery according to parameters such as ohmic internal resistance, polarization internal resistance and charging voltage of the single battery.
And S220, calculating the target charging current of the single battery according to the basic parameters of the single battery.
Specifically, the target charging current of the single battery can be determined according to parameters such as ohmic internal resistance, polarization internal resistance and charging voltage of the single battery, so that the single battery can be charged according to the calculated target charging current; the target charging current is calculated according to the basic parameters of the single batteries, so that the target charging current during charging is determined according to the states of the single batteries, the electric energy loss can be reduced, and the electric energy utilization rate can be improved.
And S230, calculating the current charging cut-off voltage of the single battery according to the basic parameters of the single battery, the target charging current of the single battery and the current open-circuit voltage.
And S240, controlling the charging module to charge the single battery according to the target charging current, and controlling the charging module to stop charging when the voltage of the first port of the single battery reaches the current charging cut-off voltage so as to enable the single battery to stand, wherein the standing time of the single battery is equal to the current time constant of the single battery.
And S250, when the single battery is in static state, acquiring a plurality of second port voltages and next open-circuit voltage of the single battery, determining the next time constant of the single battery according to the plurality of second port voltages, and determining the next charging cut-off voltage of the single battery according to the next open-circuit voltage, the basic parameters and the target charging current.
And S260, when the open-circuit voltage of the single battery reaches the preset voltage, finishing charging.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of another battery pack charging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and optionally, referring to fig. 3, the battery pack charging method includes:
s301, inputting the maximum charging current and the preset voltage into the charging module.
Specifically, the maximum charging current is the maximum current that can pass when the battery pack is charged, the preset voltage is the target voltage of the single batteries, and all the single batteries are charged to the preset voltage, so that the battery pack can be balanced, and the voltages of all the single batteries are kept consistent.
And S302, collecting the current open-circuit voltage of the single battery.
Specifically, the current open-circuit voltage U of the single battery is collected before chargingocvThe current open circuit voltage U of the single battery cell is in a static stateocvI.e. the current supply voltage UT0。
And S303, controlling the charging module to charge the single battery for a first preset time by using the maximum charging current of the single battery, and acquiring the voltage of the third port of the single battery when the charging is carried out for a second preset time.
Specifically, the charging module is controlled to control the maximum charging current I of the single batterymaxCharging for a first preset time, wherein the first preset time is 60s, for example, or other times; when the charging is carried out to a second preset time, the charging is about to be finished, the second preset time can be 59s or 58s, and at the moment, the voltage U of the third port of the single battery is collectedT1. Fig. 4 is a battery equivalent model according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the ohmic internal resistance of the single battery is R1Polarization resistance of
Figure 437954DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Polarization capacitance of
Figure 417411DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
With a polarization voltage of
Figure 197149DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The voltage of the third port
Figure 592358DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
。
S304, the charging module is controlled to stand the single batteries for a third preset time, and the voltage of the fourth port of each single battery is collected every other fourth preset time.
Specifically, the charging module is controlled to stand the single battery, the standing time is a third preset time, the third preset time is 60s for example, the fourth preset time is 10ms for example, that is, the fourth port voltage of the single battery is collected every 10ms, and a plurality of fourth port voltages U can be obtainedT2-0、UT2-1、UT2-2……UT3(ii) a Wherein, UT2-0The voltage of the fourth port of the single battery at the starting moment of standing is
Figure 469047DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
，UT2-1Is the port voltage, U, of the single battery after standing for 10msT2-2Is the port voltage, U, of the single battery after standing for 20msT3The port voltage of the single battery at the end of standing is UT3Can be expressed as
Figure 291510DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Wherein tau is the time constant of the single battery and t is UT3Corresponding standing time.
And S305, calculating the ohmic internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance of the single battery according to the voltage of the third port and the voltage of the fourth port.
Specifically, the third port voltage
Figure 620860DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Voltage at the fourth port of the single cell at the time of starting the standing
Figure 819760DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Then, U can be obtained according to the voltage of the third port and the voltage of the fourth port of the single battery at the starting moment of standingT1-UT2-0=R1ImaxThe ohmic internal resistance of the single battery
Figure 488639DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
. The polarization resistance of the single cell is
Figure 544319DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Polarization voltage
Figure 298649DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
And the voltage of the fourth port of the single battery at the starting moment of standing
Figure 35661DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Polarization resistance of the cell
Figure 621363DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
。
And S306, calculating effective power according to the charging voltage, the maximum charging current, the ohmic internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance.
Specifically, the charging voltage can be obtained from the charging module, the effective power can be calculated according to the charging voltage, the maximum charging current, the ohmic internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance, and the target charging current of the single battery can be conveniently calculated according to the effective power.
Optionally, calculating the effective power according to the maximum charging current, the ohmic internal resistance, and the polarization internal resistance includes:
and a, calculating the total power according to the charging voltage and the maximum charging current.
Specifically, the charging voltage is U2Maximum charging current of ImaxThen the total power P1=U2*ImaxAccording to the total power P1The effective power of the single battery is convenient to calculate.
And b, calculating the loss power according to the maximum charging current, the ohmic internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance.
In particular, the loss of the cellThe loss power is the power consumed by the internal resistance of the single battery, and the internal resistance of the single battery comprises ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance, so that the loss power can be calculated according to the maximum charging current, the ohmic internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance. Maximum charging current of ImaxOhmic internal resistance R1And internal resistance of polarization
Figure 51207DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Determined, then power is lost
Figure 292832DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
。
And c, calculating the effective power according to the total power and the loss power.
Specifically, the effective power of the single battery is the difference between the total power and the loss power when the single battery is charged, and then the effective power of the single battery
Figure 633203DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
。
And S307, calculating the target charging current of the single battery according to the charging voltage, the ohmic internal resistance, the polarization internal resistance and the effective power of the single battery.
Specifically, assuming that the target charging current of the battery cell is I and the charging voltage of the battery cell is U when the battery cell is subjected to equalizing charge3Input power of the single battery
Figure 276673DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
And the input power of the single battery
Figure 674157DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Then, the relational expression can be obtained by combining the relational expressions of the two input powers
Figure 465395DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
And solving the relational expression to calculate the target charging current of the single battery, so that the battery can be charged in an equalizing manner according to the target charging current of the single battery.
And S308, calculating the current charging cut-off voltage of the single battery according to the basic parameters of the single battery, the target charging current of the single battery and the current open-circuit voltage.
Specifically, the current open-circuit voltage Uocv of the single battery and the ohmic internal resistance R of the single battery are collected1Internal resistance of polarization
Figure 544210DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
And the target charging current I is determined, the current charging cut-off voltage of the single battery
Figure 42187DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
The current charge cutoff voltage at the time of charging the unit cell can be determined.
S309, controlling the charging module to charge the single battery according to the target charging current, and controlling the charging module to stop charging when the voltage of the first port of the single battery reaches the current charging cut-off voltage so as to enable the single battery to stand, wherein the standing time of the single battery is equal to the current time constant of the single battery.
S310, when the single battery is in static state, collecting a plurality of second port voltages and next open-circuit voltage of the single battery, determining the next time constant of the single battery according to the second port voltages, and determining the next charging cut-off voltage of the single battery according to the next open-circuit voltage, the basic parameters and the target charging current.
Optionally, collecting a plurality of second port voltages of the single battery when the single battery is at rest includes:
and when the single battery is in standing, acquiring the voltages of the plurality of second ports of the single battery at intervals of fifth preset time.
Specifically, the fifth preset time may be, for example, 10ms, or 20ms, or other times, which may be specifically determined according to actual conditions, and when the single battery is in a static state, the second port voltage of the single battery is collected at each fifth preset time, so that the plurality of second port voltages U may be obtained5-0、U5-1、U5-2、U5-3、U5-4……U6；
Figure 876151DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
，
Figure 826789DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Then will be
Figure 771612DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
And
Figure 124096DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
the next time constant τ 1 can be calculated by combining the expressions of (1). And due to time constants
Figure 66644DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Wherein, in the step (A),
Figure 566895DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
the polarization capacitance of the single battery can be calculated according to the time constant and the polarization resistance
Figure 987512DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
. Therefore, when standing at every time, the next time constant during next standing can be determined by collecting the voltages of the second ports, so that the next standing time is determined, the standing time is continuously updated according to the state of the single battery, the standing time can be effectively reduced, and the whole working time is reduced.
And S311, when the open-circuit voltage of the single battery reaches the preset voltage, finishing charging.
Illustratively, three single batteries are selected for testing, the three single batteries are a first single battery, a second single battery and a third single battery, the initial voltage of the first single battery is 2.995V, the initial voltage of the second single battery is 2.965V, the initial voltage of the third single battery is 2.905V, the three single batteries are subjected to equalizing charging, the preset charging voltage is 4V, namely when the voltages of the first single battery, the second single battery and the third single battery reach 4V, the charging is stopped, and test data of the three single batteries are obtained. Table 1 is a test data table of the first unit cell, table 2 is a test data table of the second unit cell, and table 3 is a test data table of the third unit cell.
Table 1 test data table of first unit cell
Figure 460082DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Table 2 test data table of second unit cell
Figure 635848DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Table 3 test data table of the third unit cell
Figure 561079DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Taking the final stage [3.9v,4v ] of the equalizing charge as an example, the process of equalizing charge by adopting the constant standing time and the process of equalizing charge by adopting the technical scheme of the embodiment are analyzed;
when the constant standing time is adopted for equalizing charge, the charging voltage is 4V, and the charging current is
Figure 785387DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
10A, total power of 40W, charging time
Figure 909201DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
60s, standing time
Figure 193552DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
20s, power loss during charging of the first cell
Figure 606078DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Wherein, in the step (A),
Figure 693465DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
is the internal resistance of the first unit cell,the sum of the ohmic internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance of the first single battery is obtained; power loss during charging of the second cell
Figure 875047DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Wherein, in the step (A),
Figure 64720DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
the internal resistance of the second single battery is the sum of the ohmic internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance of the second single battery; power loss during charging of the third cell
Figure 26860DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Wherein, in the process,
Figure 592970DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
the internal resistance of the third single battery is the sum of the ohmic internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance of the third single battery; calculated from the data in Table 1
Figure 894639DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Calculated according to the data of Table 2
Figure 317530DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Calculated according to the data of Table 3
Figure 704649DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
(ii) a Since the effective power is the difference between the total power and the loss power, the effective power of the first unit cell
Figure 74450DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
Effective power of the second cell
Figure 27363DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
Effective power of the third unit cell
Figure 824417DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
(ii) a Under the charging voltage of 4V, the energy of the single battery is increased every time the electric quantity of the single battery is increased by 1AHHigh Q =4V × 1ah =4wh; the first single battery has the total equalizing charge time of
Figure 433253DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
The total equalizing charge time of the second single battery is
Figure 669063DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
The total equalizing charge time of the third single battery is
Figure 679744DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
(ii) a The working time of the charging module is 480s; the energy loss rate can be calculated according to the loss power and the total power, and the energy loss rate of the first single battery is about 12.5%, the energy loss rate of the second single battery is about 20%, and the energy loss rate of the third single battery is about 25%.
When the technical scheme of the embodiment is adopted for equalizing charge, the charging voltage is 4V, and the charging current is
Figure 647700DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
10A, total power 40W, charging time
Figure 806149DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
60s, standing time
Figure 517753DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
Is the current time constant; the internal resistance of the third single battery is larger, and the loss power of the third single battery
Figure 445258DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
Effective power of the third unit cell
Figure 584115DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
(ii) a Under the condition that the working time of the charging modules is the same, the effective power of the three single batteries is the same, and then the effective power of the first single battery
Figure 167543DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
The effective power of the second single battery is
Figure 479576DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
(ii) a Calculating the target charging current according to the effective power and the internal resistance of the single battery; if the charging time of the third single battery is 450s for a long time, the working time of the charging module is 450s; the energy loss rate can be calculated according to the loss power and the total power, and the energy loss rate of the first single battery is about 9%, the energy loss rate of the second single battery is about 16%, and the energy loss rate of the third single battery is about 25%.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the embodiment is adopted to perform equalizing charge, so that the time of equalizing charge can be effectively reduced, the energy loss rate can be reduced, and the efficiency of equalizing charge is improved.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack charging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 5, a battery pack 100 includes a plurality of single batteries 101, and the battery pack charging apparatus includes: a control module 410 and a charging module 420; the control module 410 is connected with the charging module 420, the charging module 420 is connected with the battery pack 100, and the control module 410 is used for calculating the current charging cut-off voltage of the single battery 101 according to the basic parameters of the single battery 101, the target charging current of the single battery 101 and the current open-circuit voltage; controlling the charging module 420 to charge the single battery 101 according to the target charging current, and controlling the charging module 420 to stop charging when the voltage of the first port of the single battery 101 reaches the current charging cut-off voltage, so that the single battery 101 stands still, wherein the standing time of the single battery 101 is equal to the current time constant of the single battery 101; when the single battery 101 is in a standing state, acquiring a plurality of second port voltages and a next open-circuit voltage of the single battery 101, determining a next time constant of the single battery 101 according to the plurality of second port voltages, and determining a next charging cut-off voltage of the single battery 101 according to the next open-circuit voltage, basic parameters and a target charging current; when it is determined that the open circuit voltage of the unit cell 101 reaches the preset voltage, the charging is ended.
Specifically, the control module 410 calculates a current cut-off charging voltage of the single battery 101 according to the basic parameters of the single battery 101, the target charging current of the single battery 101 and the current open-circuit voltage, and controls the charging module 420 to charge the single battery 101 with the target charging current; when the control module 410 determines that the voltage of the first port of the single battery 101 reaches the current charging cut-off voltage, the charging module 420 is controlled to stand the single battery 101, and the standing time of the single battery 101 is equal to the current time constant; the current time constant is data related to the polarization resistance and the polarization capacitance of the single battery 101, and the polarization voltage of the single battery 101 can be reduced and the accumulation of battery polarization can be reduced by setting the standing time of the single battery 101 to be equal to the current time constant; when the single battery 101 is in a standing state, acquiring a plurality of second port voltages of the single battery 101, wherein the second port voltages can be acquired at intervals, and because the polarization voltage of the single battery 101 is reduced along with the change of time when the battery is in a standing state, and the second port voltages can be changed, the next time constant of the single battery 101 can be calculated according to the plurality of second port voltages and the corresponding time; therefore, the time constant is updated, namely the next standing time of the single battery 101 is determined, the standing time is determined according to the actual condition of the single battery by continuously updating the standing time of the single battery, and compared with the fixed standing time, the standing time can be effectively reduced, and the whole working time of equalizing charging is reduced. And, gather the next open circuit voltage of battery cell 101, confirm the next cut-off voltage that charges of battery cell 101 according to next open circuit voltage, basic parameter and target charging current to the cut-off voltage when confirming next and charging, compare in setting up fixed charging time, can guarantee that the voltage of battery cell can not be great, guarantee the security of battery cell. The single batteries 101 are repeatedly charged and placed, when it is determined that the open-circuit voltage of the single batteries 101 reaches the preset voltage, the open-circuit voltages of all the single batteries 101 reach the preset voltage, so that the battery pack is charged in an equalization manner, and the charging is finished.
Optionally, the charging module 420 comprises a battery equalizer.
Specifically, the battery balancing instrument comprises a multi-channel, and can charge a plurality of single batteries, realize the balanced charging of the battery pack and adjust the voltages of the single batteries to be consistent.
It should be understood that various forms of the flows shown above may be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in the present invention may be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, and are not limited herein as long as the desired results of the technical solution of the present invention can be achieved.
The above-described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions may be made in accordance with design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A battery pack charging method, wherein the battery pack includes a plurality of unit cells, the battery pack charging method comprising:
calculating the current charging cut-off voltage of the single battery according to the basic parameters of the single battery, the target charging current of the single battery and the current open-circuit voltage; wherein the basic parameters at least comprise ohmic internal resistance, polarization internal resistance, charging voltage and effective power of the single battery; the current charge cutoff voltage is
Figure 792662DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Wherein, U4For the current charge cut-off voltage, UocvFor said present open circuit voltage, R1Is the ohmic internal resistance of the unit cell,
Figure 847337DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the polarization internal resistance of the single battery is I, and the target charging current of the single battery is I;
controlling a charging module to charge the single battery according to the target charging current, and controlling the charging module to stop charging when the voltage of the first port of the single battery reaches the current charging cut-off voltage so as to enable the single battery to stand, wherein the standing time of the single battery is equal to the current time constant of the single battery;
when the single battery is in static state, acquiring a plurality of second port voltages and next open-circuit voltage of the single battery, determining a next time constant of the single battery according to the plurality of second port voltages, and determining a next charging cut-off voltage of the single battery according to the next open-circuit voltage, the basic parameters and the target charging current; wherein the next charge cut-off voltage is calculated in the same manner as the current charge cut-off voltage;
when the single battery is in static state, collecting a plurality of second port voltages of the single battery, comprising: when the single battery is in standing, acquiring a plurality of second port voltages of the single battery every fifth preset time; wherein the voltage of the second ports is U5-0、U5-1、U5-2、U5-3、U5-4……U6(ii) a The next time constant is a formula
Figure 184777DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And
Figure 638368DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the results obtained simultaneously, where τ 1 is the next time constant, UocvIs the next open circuit voltage, UjIs the polarization voltage of the single battery, and t1 is the second port voltage U5-1Corresponding standing time, t2 is the voltage U of the second port5-2Corresponding standing time;
and when the open-circuit voltage of the single battery reaches the preset voltage, finishing charging.
2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, before calculating a present charge cutoff voltage of the unit battery from the basic parameters of the unit battery, the target charge current of the unit battery, and the present open circuit voltage:
and calculating the target charging current of the single battery according to the basic parameters of the single battery.
3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising, before calculating the target charging current of the battery cell from the basic parameters of the battery cell:
and controlling the charging module to charge and stand the battery pack, and determining basic parameters of the single battery.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the controlling the charging module to charge and rest the battery pack, determining the basic parameters of the single battery comprises:
collecting the current open-circuit voltage of the single battery;
controlling the charging module to charge the single battery for a first preset time by using the maximum charging current of the single battery, and acquiring the voltage of a third port of the single battery when the single battery is charged for a second preset time;
controlling the charging module to stand the single battery for a third preset time, and collecting the voltage of a fourth port of the single battery every other fourth preset time;
calculating ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance of the single battery according to the third port voltage and the fourth port voltage;
and calculating the effective power according to the charging voltage, the maximum charging current, the ohm internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein calculating the effective power from the maximum charging current, the ohmic internal resistance, and the polarization internal resistance comprises:
calculating a total power from the charging voltage and the maximum charging current;
calculating loss power according to the maximum charging current, the ohm internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance;
calculating the effective power according to the total power and the loss power.
6. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein calculating the target charging current of the single battery according to the basic parameters of the single battery comprises:
and calculating the target charging current of the single battery according to the charging voltage, the ohmic internal resistance, the polarization internal resistance and the effective power of the single battery.
7. The method according to claim 4, further comprising, before collecting the present open circuit voltage of the cell:
and inputting the maximum charging current and the preset voltage to the charging module.
8. A battery pack charging apparatus, wherein the battery pack includes a plurality of unit cells, the battery pack charging apparatus comprising: the charging device comprises a control module and a charging module;
the control module is connected with the charging module, the charging module is connected with the battery pack, and the control module is used for calculating the current charging cut-off voltage of the single battery according to the basic parameters of the single battery, the target charging current of the single battery and the current open-circuit voltage; controlling a charging module to charge the single battery according to the target charging current, and controlling the charging module to stop charging when the voltage of the first port of the single battery reaches the current charging cut-off voltage so as to enable the single battery to stand, wherein the standing time of the single battery is equal to the current time constant of the single battery; when the single battery is in static state, acquiring a plurality of second port voltages and next open-circuit voltage of the single battery, determining the next time constant of the single battery according to the plurality of second port voltages, and according to the next open-circuit voltageDetermining a next charge cutoff voltage of the single battery by the voltage, the basic parameter and the target charge current; when the open-circuit voltage of the single battery reaches a preset voltage, ending charging; wherein the basic parameters at least comprise ohmic internal resistance, polarization internal resistance, charging voltage and effective power of the single battery; the current charge cutoff voltage is
Figure 770272DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Wherein, U4For the present charge cut-off voltage, UocvFor said present open circuit voltage, R1Is the ohmic internal resistance of the unit cell,
Figure 968035DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the polarization internal resistance of the single battery is I, and the target charging current of the single battery is I; wherein the next charging cutoff voltage is calculated in the same manner as the current charging cutoff voltage;
when the single battery is in a standing state, the control module is specifically used for collecting a plurality of second port voltages of the single battery every fifth preset time; wherein the voltage of the second ports is U5-0、U5-1、U5-2、U5-3、U5-4……U6(ii) a The next time constant is a formula
Figure 656636DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And
Figure 623455DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the results obtained simultaneously, where τ 1 is the next time constant, UocvIs the next open circuit voltage, UjIs the polarization voltage of the single battery, and t1 is the second port voltage U5-1Corresponding standing time, t2 is the voltage U of the second port5-2Corresponding standing time.
9. The battery pack charging apparatus of claim 8, wherein the charging module comprises a battery equalizer.
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