CN107819336A - The equalization methods of lithium battery, device and system - Google Patents
The equalization methods of lithium battery, device and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107819336A CN107819336A CN201610822791.5A CN201610822791A CN107819336A CN 107819336 A CN107819336 A CN 107819336A CN 201610822791 A CN201610822791 A CN 201610822791A CN 107819336 A CN107819336 A CN 107819336A
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- Prior art keywords
- battery core
- estimate
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- polarization
- value
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0036—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using connection detecting circuits
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention relates to field of batteries, there is provided a kind of equalization methods of lithium battery, device and system.Methods described includes：During the charge and discharge of the lithium battery with multiple series connection battery cores, the terminal voltage of charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and each battery core is detected；According to battery core equivalent circuit and the charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and the terminal voltage of each battery core, the open-circuit voltage of each battery core is estimated, obtains the first estimate of each battery core；The dump energy of each battery core is estimated according to the first estimate of each battery core, obtains the second estimate of each battery core；The battery core of first condition, which proceeds by equilibrium, to be met to second estimate；Meet that the battery core of second condition stops equilibrium to second estimate.Influence of the polarization phenomena to detection voltage during consideration lithium battery charge and discharge, the accurate open-circuit voltage for estimating battery core, ensure the uniformity between battery core, extension lithium battery service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of batteries, more particularly to a kind of equalization methods of lithium battery, device and system.
Background technology
In recent years, increasing product has volume using lithium battery as main power source mainly due to lithium battery
Small, energy density is high, memory-less effect, and cycle life is high, the advantages such as self-discharge rate is low.
Lithium battery power supply generally by multiple lithium battery electric cores it is in parallel, be together in series, to meet voltage needed for equipment and power
It is required that.In actual use, although the electric current in lithium battery by single battery core is identical, even if being same batch with the electricity between model
Core, its capacity, internal resistance and voltage parameter etc. is also not quite identical.Its capacity is different, and the depth of discharge of battery core also can be different, capacity
Big meeting is shallow fill it is shallow put, and the meeting super-charge super-discharge that capacity is small, this result in the big Shuai Minus of capacity slowly, life, capacity is small
Shuai Minus accelerate, the lost of life, and difference between the two can be increasing.Due to the difference between battery core, the capacity of lithium battery is only
Most weak battery core capacity can be reached, and the service life of lithium battery also depends on the minimum single battery core of capacity, therefore low capacity electricity
The failure of core can cause the premature failure of lithium battery.Lithium battery is in daily long-time recharge, electric discharge in use, between battery core
Inconsistency can be increasingly severe, and lithium battery capacity increasingly reduces.Process of the individual difference of this single battery core in production
In can not eliminate, therefore need regulating cell balanced during the use and charge and discharge of lithium battery.
Whether lithium battery equalizing system of the prior art is used as by detecting battery core terminal voltage during charge and discharge starts
Balanced condition, because lithium battery has a polarization phenomena during charge and discharge, the open-circuit voltage of battery core terminal voltage and battery core is deposited
In larger difference, there is very big error in balancing procedure.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of equalization methods of lithium battery, device and system, utilizes battery core equivalent circuit table
The polarization characteristic during battery core charge and discharge is levied, estimates the open-circuit voltage of battery core, to reduce present in balancing procedure by mistake
Difference.
According to the first aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of equalization methods of lithium battery, including：
During the charge and discharge of the lithium battery with multiple series connection battery cores,
Detect the terminal voltage of charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and each battery core；
It is every according to battery core equivalent circuit and the charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and the terminal voltage of each battery core, estimation
The open-circuit voltage of individual battery core, obtain the first estimate of each battery core；
The dump energy of each battery core is estimated according to the first estimate of each battery core, obtains the second of each battery core
Estimate；
The battery core of first condition, which proceeds by equilibrium, to be met to second estimate；
Meet that the battery core of second condition stops equilibrium to second estimate.
Preferably, the battery core equivalent circuit includes polarization resistance, battery polarization electric capacity, the ohmic internal resistance of battery core of battery core
And ideal source, wherein the polarization resistance of battery core, battery core battery polarization electric capacity parallel connection after with ohmic internal resistance and desired electrical subject string
Connection.
Preferably, first estimate calculates according to below equation：
Ocv=Vc+I*R0+Urc (0) * e-t/ζ+ I*R1* (1-e-t/ζ),
Wherein, R0 is ohmic internal resistance value, and R1 is the polarization resistance value of battery core, and C1 is the polarization capacity value of battery core, and Ocv is reason
Think the open-circuit voltage values of power supply, Vc is the terminal voltage value at battery core both ends, and Urc is polarization resistance and the polarization capacity both ends of parallel connection
Polarizing voltage value, I are charging, discharging electric batteries current value, and Urc (0) is polarizing voltage initial value, and t is the polarization time, ζ=R1*C1.
Preferably, when first estimate is in charge and discharge platform area, second estimate is according to described first
Estimate is obtained by current integration method, and the dump energy of the initial time of the current integration method application is estimated based on described first
Evaluation and battery testing data are obtained, and the battery testing data are obtained by carrying out charge and discharge experiment to lithium battery.
Preferably, when first estimate is not at charge and discharge platform area, second estimate is based on described the
One estimate and the battery testing data obtain.
Preferably, the first condition includes：The difference of second estimate and least residue electricity is more than or equal to the
One threshold value, the second condition include：Second estimate and the difference of the least residue electricity are less than Second Threshold,
Wherein, the first threshold is more than the Second Threshold, and the least residue electricity is the of each battery core
Minimum value in two estimates.
Preferably, the first condition also includes：Second estimate is more than the 3rd threshold value.
According to the second aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of balancer of lithium battery, the lithium battery include multiple series connection
Battery core, the balancer includes：
Detection module, for detecting the terminal voltage of each battery core in charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and lithium battery；
Estimation block, for according to battery core equivalent circuit and the charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and each battery core
Terminal voltage, the open-circuit voltage of each battery core is estimated, obtain the first estimate of each battery core, and according to the of each battery core
One estimate estimates the dump energy of each battery core, obtains the second estimate of each battery core；
Equalization control module, for meeting that the battery core of first condition proceeds by equilibrium to second estimate, to institute
State the second estimate and meet that the battery core of second condition stops equilibrium；
Multiple equalizing circuits, each equalizing circuit is in parallel with a battery core, for being opened under the control of equalization control module
Equilibrium of the equilibrium or stopping begun to one battery core to one battery core.
Preferably, the battery core equivalent circuit includes polarization resistance, battery polarization electric capacity, the ohmic internal resistance of battery core of battery core
And ideal source, wherein the polarization resistance of battery core, battery core battery polarization electric capacity parallel connection after with ohmic internal resistance and desired electrical subject string
Connection.
Preferably, the estimation block calculates first estimate according to below equation：
Ocv=Vc+I*R0+Urc (0) * e-t/ζ+ I*R1* (1-e-t/ζ),
Wherein, R0 is ohmic internal resistance value, and R1 is the polarization resistance value of battery core, and C1 is the polarization capacity value of battery core, and Ocv is reason
Think the open-circuit voltage values of power supply, Vc is the terminal voltage value at battery core both ends, and Urc is polarization resistance and the polarization capacity both ends of parallel connection
Polarizing voltage value, I are charging, discharging electric batteries current value, and Urc (0) is polarizing voltage initial value, and t is the polarization time, ζ=R1*C1.
Preferably, the estimation block includes：
First evaluation unit, for according to the battery core equivalent-circuit model and the charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and institute
The terminal voltage of each battery core is stated, estimates the open-circuit voltage of each battery core, obtains the first estimate of each battery core；
Second evaluation unit, in the case of being in charge and discharge platform area in first estimate, according to described
One estimate obtains second estimate by current integration method, and charge and discharge platform area is not in first estimate
In the case of, second estimate, the ampere-hour integration are obtained based on first estimate and the battery testing data
The dump energy of the initial time of method application is based on first estimate and battery testing data obtain, the battery testing number
Obtained according to by carrying out charge and discharge experiment to lithium battery.
Preferably, the first condition includes：The difference of second estimate and least residue electricity is more than or equal to the
One threshold value, the second condition include：Second estimate and the difference of the least residue electricity are less than Second Threshold,
Wherein, the first threshold is more than the Second Threshold, and the least residue electricity is the of each battery core
Minimum value in two estimates.
Preferably, the first condition also includes：Second estimate is more than the 3rd threshold value.
According to the third aspect of the invention we, there is provided a kind of equalizing system of lithium battery, including：
A kind of balancer of the lithium battery provided according to the second aspect of the invention；
The lithium battery of battery core with multiple series connection.
As seen from the above technical solution, the present invention can overcome in the prior art, ignore lithium battery during charge and discharge
Existing polarization phenomena, only it is used as whether start balanced condition by battery core terminal voltage during detecting charge and discharge, causes
The problem of larger error be present in weighing apparatus process.
In the present invention, the terminal voltage of charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and each battery core is detected first, it is each according to what is detected
The terminal voltage and correlation formula of battery core estimate the open-circuit voltage of each battery core, it is contemplated that lithium battery is deposited during charge and discharge
Polarization phenomena, estimate that the open-circuit voltage of each battery core drawn is more accurate.In the open-circuit voltage by each battery core
When estimating the dump energy of each battery core, whether charge and discharge platform area is according to the open-circuit voltage of each battery core, is applicable two kinds
Method estimates the dump energy of each battery core, takes into account the efficiency of estimation numerical value and the accuracy of numerical value.By setting balanced open
Dynamic and stopping thresholding, it is ensured that the progress that the charge and discharge of lithium battery can relatively stablize while balanced each battery core dump energy.
Brief description of the drawings
By referring to description of the following drawings to the embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned and other purpose of the invention, feature and
Advantage will be apparent from, in the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the equalization methods of the lithium battery provided according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the equalization methods of the lithium battery provided according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the equalizing system schematic diagram of the lithium battery provided according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the estimation block provided according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of the thevenin models of application of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the circuit structure diagram of the equalizing circuit provided according to embodiments of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below based on embodiment, present invention is described, but the present invention is not restricted to these embodiments.Under
It is detailed to describe some specific detail sections in the literary detailed description to the present invention.Do not have for a person skilled in the art
The description of these detail sections can also understand the present invention completely.In order to avoid obscuring the essence of the present invention, known method, mistake
Journey, flow do not describe in detail.
Flow chart, block diagram in accompanying drawing illustrate the method, system, the possible system frame of device of the embodiment of the present invention
Frame, function and operation, the square frame on flow chart and block diagram can represent a module, program segment or only one section of code, institute
It is all the executable instruction for realizing regulation logic function to state module, program segment and code.It should also be noted that described realize rule
Determining the executable instruction of logic function can reconfigure, so as to generate new module and program segment.Therefore accompanying drawing square frame with
And square frame order is used only to the process and step of preferably diagram embodiment, without should be in this, as the limit to invention itself
System.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the equalization methods of the lithium battery provided according to embodiments of the present invention.
In step S101, the terminal voltage of detection charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and each battery core.
In step S102, according to battery core equivalent circuit and the charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and the end of each battery core
Voltage, the open-circuit voltage of each battery core is estimated, obtain the first estimate of each battery core.
In certain embodiments, the battery core equivalent-circuit model can be thevenin models, the thevenin moulds
Type includes polarization resistance, battery polarization electric capacity, ohmic internal resistance and the ideal source of battery core of battery core, wherein in the polarization of battery core
Connected after resistance, the battery polarization electric capacity parallel connection of battery core with ohmic internal resistance and ideal source.
In certain embodiments, first estimate calculates according to below equation：
Ocv=Vc+I*R0+Urc (0) * e-t/ζ+ I*R1* (1-e-t/ζ),
Wherein, R0 is ohmic internal resistance value, and R1 is the polarization resistance value of battery core, and C1 is the polarization capacity value of battery core, and Ocv is reason
Think the open-circuit voltage values of power supply, Vc is the terminal voltage value at battery core both ends, and Urc is polarization resistance and the polarization capacity both ends of parallel connection
Polarizing voltage value, I are charging, discharging electric batteries current value, and Urc (0) is polarizing voltage initial value, and t is the polarization time, ζ=R1*C1.
In step S103, the dump energy of each battery core is estimated according to the first estimate of each battery core, is obtained every
Second estimate of individual battery core.
In certain embodiments, when first estimate is in charge and discharge platform area, second estimate according to
First estimate is obtained by current integration method, and the dump energy of the initial time of the current integration method application is based on institute
State the first estimate and battery testing data obtain, the battery testing data are obtained by carrying out charge and discharge experiment to lithium battery
.When first estimate is not at charge and discharge platform area, second estimate is based on first estimate and institute
State the acquisition of battery testing data.
Wherein, charge and discharge platform area refers to：Battery during constant current charge and discharge, voltage be not it is constant,
During constant current charge, the change of voltage turns to：Rise, be steady, rising；In constant current discharge, the change of voltage is：Decline, be flat
Surely, decline.As can be seen that in constant current charge and discharge, voltage has a stable process, and this stationary value is exactly to fill, put
Level taiwan area.
In step S104, the condition that the second estimate is met is judged.If the second estimate meets first condition, perform
Step S105, if the second estimate meets that second condition performs step S106.
In certain embodiments, the first condition includes：Second estimate and the difference of least residue electricity are big
Include in equal to first threshold, the second condition：The difference of second estimate and the least residue electricity is less than the
Two threshold values.Wherein, the first threshold is more than the Second Threshold, and the least residue electricity is the second of each battery core
Minimum value in estimate.
In certain embodiments, the first condition also includes：Second estimate is more than the 3rd threshold value.
In step S105, start to carry out equilibrium to battery core.
In certain embodiments, can be by controlling the equilibrium in equalizing circuit (for example, equalizing circuit as shown in Figure 6)
Switch connection, next pair balanced with the battery core progress that equalizing circuit is in parallel.
In step S106, stop carrying out equilibrium to battery core.
In certain embodiments, can be by controlling the equalizer switch in equalizing circuit to turn off, to stop pair and balanced electricity
Road battery core in parallel carries out balanced.
In step S107, judge whether that all battery cores have completed step S104 judgement, if it is terminate epicycle and be directed to
The equilibrium of lithium battery, otherwise perform step S108.
In step S108, step S104 is performed for next battery core.
In the disclosed embodiments, the terminal voltage of charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and each battery core is first detected, further according to detecting
Each battery core terminal voltage and correlation formula estimate the open-circuit voltage of each battery core, it is contemplated that lithium battery is in charge and discharge process
Present in polarization phenomena, estimate that the open-circuit voltage of each battery core drawn is more accurate, the open-circuit voltage according to each battery core is estimated
The state of charge for each battery core calculated also can be more accurate, and the portfolio effect of battery is more preferable.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the equalization methods of the lithium battery provided according to embodiments of the present invention.
In step S201, the terminal voltage of detection charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and each battery core.
In step S202, according to battery core equivalent circuit and the charging, discharging electric batteries electric current detected and described each
The terminal voltage of battery core, the open-circuit voltage of each battery core is estimated, obtain the first estimate of each battery core.In certain embodiments,
The battery core equivalent-circuit model can be thevenin models.Fig. 5 is the thevenin models of application of the embodiment of the present invention
Circuit diagram.As shown in figure 5, thevenin models include polarization resistance 501, battery polarization electric capacity 502, ohm of battery core of battery core
After the polarization resistance 501 of internal resistance 503 and ideal source 504, wherein battery core, the parallel connection of battery polarization electric capacity 502 of battery core with ohm
Internal resistance 503 and ideal source 504 are connected.
Thevenin models based on Fig. 5, the first estimate can calculate according to below equation：
Ocv=Vc+I*R0+Urc (0) * e-t/ζ+ I*R1* (1-e-t/ζ),
Wherein, R0 is the resistance value of ohmic internal resistance 503, and R1 is the resistance value of the polarization resistance 501 of battery core, and C1 is battery core
The capacitance of polarization capacity 502, Ocv are the open-circuit voltage values of ideal source 504, and Vc is the terminal voltage value at battery core both ends, and Urc is
Polarization resistance 501 in parallel and the polarizing voltage value at the both ends of polarization capacity 502, I is charging, discharging electric batteries electric current, and Urc (0) is pole
Change Initial Voltage Value, t is the polarization time, ζ=R1*C1.
In step S203, judge whether the first estimate is in charge and discharge platform area.It is then to perform step S204, otherwise
Perform step S205.
For battery during constant current charge and discharge, voltage is not constant.In constant current charge, the change of voltage
For：Rise, be steady, rising；In constant current discharge, the change of voltage is：Decline, be steady, declining.As can be seen that in permanent electricity
When flowing charge and discharge, voltage has a stable process, and this stationary value is exactly charge and discharge platform area.But the stationary value is not
It is absolute level.
In step S204, the second estimate is obtained by current integration method according to the first estimate.
In certain embodiments, the dump energy of the initial time of current integration method application be based on the first estimate and
Battery testing data are obtained, and the battery testing data are obtained by carrying out charge and discharge experiment to lithium battery.
In step S205, the second estimate is obtained based on the first estimate and battery testing data.
In certain embodiments, the second estimate is obtained by inquiring about battery testing tables of data according to the first estimate, described
Battery testing tables of data is obtained by carrying out charge and discharge experiment to lithium battery.
In step S206, for each battery core, the size of the difference of the second estimate and least residue electricity is judged.It is if described
Difference is more than or equal to first threshold, then performs step S207, if the difference is less than Second Threshold, performs step 209.
In certain embodiments, least residue electricity is the minimum value in the second estimate of all battery cores in lithium battery.
So, it is necessary to obtain the second estimate of all battery cores in lithium battery in step S205, step S204.
In step S207, judge whether the second estimate is more than the 3rd threshold value.It is then to perform step S208, otherwise performs step
Rapid S210.
In step S208, start to carry out equilibrium to battery core.
In certain embodiments, equalizing circuit includes a controllable equalizer switch and at least one and switch series
The equalizing resistance of connection, it is necessary to which the battery core for carrying out equilibrium is in parallel with equalizing circuit, connect by equalizer switch, you can starts to corresponding battery core
Carry out loading sharing.
In step S209, stop carrying out equilibrium to battery core.
In certain embodiments, equalizing circuit includes a controllable equalizer switch and at least one and switch series
, it is necessary to which the battery core for carrying out equilibrium is in parallel with equalizing circuit, equalizer switch turns off the equalizing resistance of connection, you can stops to corresponding battery core
Carry out loading sharing.
In step S210, judge whether that all battery cores have completed step S206 judgement, if it is terminate epicycle and be directed to
The equilibrium of lithium battery, otherwise perform step S211.
In step S211, step S206 is performed for next battery core.In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2 step 206
Each battery core is performed one by one to 209.In certain embodiments, step 206 can also be sentenced to all battery cores to 207
Disconnected, qualified battery core starts or stopped in step 208 to 209 and be balanced in all battery cores of reselection.
In certain embodiments, after the completion of this equilibrium, it is necessary to after one section of default duration, then carry out it is next time right
The equilibrium of lithium battery.
In the disclosed embodiments, when the open-circuit voltage by each battery core estimates the dump energy of each battery core,
Whether charge and discharge platform area is according to the open-circuit voltage of each battery core, is applicable the residue electricity that two methods estimate each battery core
Amount, take into account the efficiency of estimation numerical value and the accuracy of numerical value.By setting balanced start and stop thresholding, it is ensured that balanced each
The progress that the charge and discharge of lithium battery can relatively stablize while battery core dump energy.
Fig. 3 is the equalizing system schematic diagram of the lithium battery provided according to embodiments of the present invention, as shown in figure 3, the lithium is electric
The equalizing system in pond includes：The balancer 30 and lithium battery 31 of lithium battery.
Lithium battery 31 has multiple battery cores 311.In certain embodiments, lithium battery 31 has the battery core 311 of multiple series connection.
The balancer 30 of lithium battery includes：Equalizing circuit 301, detection module 302, estimation block 303, Balance route mould
Block 304.
Equalizing circuit 301 is used for the equilibrium started under the control of equalization control module 304 to battery core 311 or stopped to electricity
The equilibrium of core 311.For example, can be in parallel with a battery core 311 by each equalizing circuit 301, so as in control of discharge module 304
Control under start or stop equilibrium (for example, loading sharing) to one battery core 311.Fig. 6 is implemented according to the present invention
The circuit structure diagram for the equalizing circuit 301 that example provides, as shown in the figure：Equalizing circuit 301 include series connection equalizing resistance 601 and
Weighing apparatus switch 602.Need the battery core 311 for carrying out equilibrium in parallel with equalizing circuit 301, when equalizer switch 602 is connected, start to electricity
Core 311 carries out balanced (for example, loading sharing), when equalizer switch 602 turns off, stops carrying out equilibrium to battery core 311.This area
It will be appreciated by the skilled person that being not limited thereto according to the equalizing circuit of the embodiment of the present disclosure, other forms can also be used
The equalizing circuit of equilibrium can be carried out to battery core 311, for example, it is double using the rechargeable equalizing circuit of DC/DC converters or utilization
Charge and discharge formula equalizing circuit to DC/DC current transformers.
Detection module 302 is used for the terminal voltage for detecting each battery core 311 in charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and lithium battery 31.
Such as a detection module 302 in parallel, each detection module 302 it can be also connected to the equal of lithium battery in each battery core 311
Estimation block 303 in weighing apparatus device 30.
Estimation block 303 is used for according to battery core equivalent circuit and the charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and each battery core
311 terminal voltage, the open-circuit voltage of each battery core 311 is estimated, the first estimate of each battery core 311 is obtained, further according to described
First estimate of each battery core 311 estimates the dump energy of each battery core 311, obtains the second estimate of each battery core 311.
In certain embodiments, the battery core equivalent-circuit model can be thevenin models as shown in Figure 5.Such as with
Upper description, based on the thevenin models shown in Fig. 5, first estimate can calculate according to below equation：
Ocv=Vc+I*R0+Urc (0) * e-t/ζ+ I*R1* (1-e-t/ζ),
For example, the second estimated value can be obtained in the following manner：Charge and discharge platform area is in the first estimate
When, second estimate is obtained by current integration method according to first estimate, is not at filling in the first estimate, puts
(typically, when the dump energy of battery core 311 during level taiwan area<20% or dump energy>When 85%), based on the described first estimation
Value and the battery testing data obtain second estimate.As an example, the initial time of the current integration method application
Dump energy be based on the first estimate and battery testing data and obtain, the battery testing data to lithium battery 31 by carrying out
Charge and discharge experiment obtains.
Equalization control module 304 is used to meet that the battery core 311 of first condition proceeds by equilibrium to second estimate,
The battery core 311 for meeting second condition to second estimate stops equilibrium.For example, equalization control module 304 can be in battery core
When 311 the second estimate meets first condition, the equalizer switch 602 in the equalizing circuit 301 in parallel with the battery core 311 is connect
It is logical, to start to carry out equilibrium to battery core 311, and when the second estimate of battery core 311 meets second condition, by equalizing circuit
Equalizer switch 602 in 301 turns off, to stop carrying out equilibrium to battery core 311.
In certain embodiments, the first condition includes：Second estimate and the difference of least residue electricity are big
In equal to first threshold；The second condition includes：The difference of second estimate and the least residue electricity is less than the
Two threshold values.Wherein, the first threshold is more than the Second Threshold, and the least residue electricity is the second of each battery core 311
Minimum value in estimate.
In certain embodiments, the first condition also includes：Second estimate is more than the 3rd threshold value.
In the disclosed embodiments, the terminal voltage of charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and each battery core is first detected, further according to detecting
Each battery core terminal voltage and correlation formula estimate the open-circuit voltage of each battery core, it is contemplated that lithium battery is in charge and discharge process
Present in polarization phenomena, estimate that the open-circuit voltage of each battery core drawn is more accurate, the open-circuit voltage according to each battery core is estimated
The state of charge for each battery core calculated is also more accurate, and the portfolio effect of battery is more preferable.
In addition, when the open-circuit voltage by each battery core estimates the dump energy of each battery core, according to each battery core
Open-circuit voltage whether be in charge and discharge platform area, be applicable the dump energy that two methods estimate each battery core, take into account estimation number
The real-time and accuracy of value.Pass through and balanced start and stop thresholding be set, it is ensured that balanced each battery core dump energy it is same
When lithium battery the progress that can relatively stablize of charge and discharge.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the estimation block 303 provided according to embodiments of the present invention, as shown in figure 4, estimation block
303 include：First evaluation unit 3031 and the second evaluation unit 3032.
First evaluation unit 3031 be used for according to the battery core equivalent-circuit model and the charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and
The terminal voltage of each battery core 311, estimates the open-circuit voltage of each battery core 311, obtains the first estimate of each battery core 311.
Second evaluation unit 3032 is used in the case where first estimate is in charge and discharge platform area, according to institute
State the first estimate and second estimate is obtained by current integration method, being not at charge and discharge in first estimate puts down
In the case of taiwan area, second estimate, the ampere-hour are obtained based on first estimate and the battery testing data
The dump energy of the initial time of integration method application is based on first estimate and battery testing data obtain, and the battery is surveyed
Data are tried to obtain by carrying out lithium battery 31 charge and discharge experiment.
In the disclosed embodiments, the terminal voltage of charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and each battery core is first detected, further according to detecting
The terminal voltage of each battery core estimate the open-circuit voltage of each battery core, it is contemplated that lithium battery existing pole during charge and discharge
Change phenomenon, estimate that the open-circuit voltage of each battery core drawn is more accurate, each electricity estimated according to the open-circuit voltage of each battery core
The state of charge of core is also more accurate, and the portfolio effect of battery is more preferable.
In addition, when the open-circuit voltage by each battery core estimates the dump energy of each battery core, according to each battery core
Open-circuit voltage whether be in charge and discharge platform area, be applicable the dump energy that two methods estimate each battery core, take into account estimation number
The real-time and accuracy of value.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, for those skilled in the art
For, the present invention can have various changes and change.All any modifications made within spirit and principles of the present invention, it is equal
Replace, improve etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (14)
1. a kind of equalization methods of lithium battery, including：During the charge and discharge of the lithium battery with multiple series connection battery cores,
Detect the terminal voltage of charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and each battery core；
According to battery core equivalent circuit and the charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and the terminal voltage of each battery core, each electricity is estimated
The open-circuit voltage of core, obtain the first estimate of each battery core；
The dump energy of each battery core is estimated according to the first estimate of each battery core, obtains the second estimation of each battery core
Value；
The battery core of first condition, which proceeds by equilibrium, to be met to second estimate；
Meet that the battery core of second condition stops equilibrium to second estimate.
2. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, the polarization resistance of the battery core equivalent circuit including battery core, battery core
After the polarization resistance of battery polarization electric capacity, ohmic internal resistance and ideal source, wherein battery core, the battery polarization electric capacity parallel connection of battery core with
Ohmic internal resistance and ideal source series connection.
3. according to the method for claim 2, wherein, first estimate calculates according to below equation：
Ocv=Vc+I*R0+Urc (0) * e-t/ζ+ I*R1* (1-e-t/ζ),
Wherein, R0 is ohmic internal resistance value, and R1 is the polarization resistance value of battery core, and C1 is the polarization capacity value of battery core, and Ocv is desired electrical
The open-circuit voltage values in source, Vc are the terminal voltage value at battery core both ends, and Urc is polarization resistance and the polarization at polarization capacity both ends of parallel connection
Magnitude of voltage, I are charging, discharging electric batteries current value, and Urc (0) is polarizing voltage initial value, and t is the polarization time, ζ=R1*C1.
4. the method according to claim 11, wherein, when first estimate is in charge and discharge platform area, according to institute
State the first estimate and second estimate is obtained by current integration method, wherein the initial time of current integration method application
Dump energy be based on first estimate and battery testing data and obtain, the battery testing data to lithium battery by entering
Row charge and discharge experiment obtains.
5. according to the method for claim 3, wherein, when first estimate is not at charge and discharge platform area, it is based on
First estimate and the battery testing data obtain second estimate, wherein the battery testing data pass through it is right
Lithium battery carries out charge and discharge experiment and obtained.
6. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, the first condition includes：Second estimate and least residue
The difference of electricity is more than or equal to first threshold, and the second condition includes：Second estimate and the least residue electricity
Difference be less than Second Threshold,
Wherein, the first threshold is more than the Second Threshold, and the least residue electricity is estimated for the second of each battery core
Minimum value in evaluation.
7. according to the method for claim 6, wherein, the first condition also includes：Second estimate is more than the 3rd
Threshold value.
8. a kind of balancer of lithium battery, the lithium battery includes the battery core of multiple series connection, and the balancer includes：
Detection module, for detecting the terminal voltage of each battery core in charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and lithium battery；
Estimation block, for the end electricity according to battery core equivalent circuit and the charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and each battery core
Pressure, the open-circuit voltage of each battery core is estimated, obtain the first estimate of each battery core, and estimate according to the first of each battery core
Evaluation estimates the dump energy of each battery core, obtains the second estimate of each battery core；
Equalization control module, for meeting that the battery core of first condition proceeds by equilibrium to second estimate, to described
It is balanced that two estimates meet that the battery core of second condition stops；
Multiple equalizing circuits, each equalizing circuit is in parallel with a battery core, for starting under the control of equalization control module pair
Equilibrium of the equilibrium or stopping of one battery core to one battery core.
9. device according to claim 8, wherein, the battery core equivalent circuit includes the polarization resistance of battery core, battery core
After the polarization resistance of battery polarization electric capacity, ohmic internal resistance and ideal source, wherein battery core, the battery polarization electric capacity parallel connection of battery core with
Ohmic internal resistance and ideal source series connection.
10. device according to claim 9, wherein, the estimation block calculates first estimation according to below equation
Value：
Ocv=Vc+I*R0+Urc (0) * e-t/ζ+ I*R1* (1-e-t/ζ),
Wherein, R0 is ohmic internal resistance value, and R1 is the polarization resistance value of battery core, and C1 is the polarization capacity value of battery core, and Ocv is desired electrical
The open-circuit voltage values in source, Vc are the terminal voltage value at battery core both ends, and Urc is polarization resistance and the polarization at polarization capacity both ends of parallel connection
Magnitude of voltage, I are charging, discharging electric batteries current value, and Urc (0) is polarizing voltage initial value, and t is the polarization time, ζ=R1*C1.
11. device according to claim 10, wherein, the estimation block includes：
First evaluation unit, for according to the battery core equivalent-circuit model and the charging, discharging electric batteries electric current and described every
The terminal voltage of individual battery core, the open-circuit voltage of each battery core is estimated, obtain the first estimate of each battery core；
Second evaluation unit, in the case of being in charge and discharge platform area in first estimate, estimate according to described first
Evaluation obtains second estimate by current integration method, and the feelings of charge and discharge platform area are not in first estimate
Under condition, second estimate is obtained based on first estimate and the battery testing data, the current integration method should
The dump energy of initial time is based on first estimate and battery testing data obtain, and the battery testing data are led to
Cross and charge and discharge experiment acquisition is carried out to lithium battery.
12. device according to claim 8, wherein, the first condition includes：Second estimate and least residue
The difference of electricity is more than or equal to first threshold, and the second condition includes：Second estimate and the least residue electricity
Difference be less than Second Threshold,
Wherein, the first threshold is more than the Second Threshold, and the least residue electricity is estimated for the second of each battery core
Minimum value in evaluation.
13. device according to claim 12, wherein, the first condition also includes：Second estimate is more than the
Three threshold values.
14. a kind of equalizing system of lithium battery, including：
Balancer described in claim 8 to 13 any claim；
The lithium battery of battery core with multiple series connection.
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