CN115014190A - Software sensor parallel device for measuring deformation - Google Patents
Software sensor parallel device for measuring deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN115014190A CN115014190A CN202210621375.4A CN202210621375A CN115014190A CN 115014190 A CN115014190 A CN 115014190A CN 202210621375 A CN202210621375 A CN 202210621375A CN 115014190 A CN115014190 A CN 115014190A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/22—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in capacitance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soft sensor parallel device for measuring deformation, and belongs to the field of soft sensors. The device comprises a cylindrical soft sensor, a telescopic connecting piece, an upper base and a lower base; the two ends of the plurality of telescopic connecting pieces are respectively hinged with the upper base and the lower base, and the cylindrical soft sensor is arranged in the telescopic connecting pieces in a pre-stretching state and can generate stretching-compressing deformation along with the stretching-compressing of the telescopic connecting pieces and generate capacitance change response. The structure of the invention can be rapidly formed by a 3D printing technology, the manufacturing time can be greatly reduced, the cost is saved, the whole parallel device has good stability, high dexterity and high precision, and the relative displacement between the bridge and the bridge pier can be detected in real time by installing the parallel device at the gap between the bridge and the bridge pier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soft sensors, in particular to a parallel device of a soft sensor for measuring deformation.
Background
The elastic bearing is mostly applied to the connection between the viaduct and the bridge pier, has the characteristics of elastic deformation, light weight, portability and the like, plays an important role in vibration isolation, and simultaneously means that the bridge pier can shift relative to the viaduct and the bridge when the elastic bearing deforms. Compared with the traditional rigid bearing, the elastic bearing can reduce the vibration amplitude between the top of the pier and the pavement of the viaduct or bridge. However, the elastic bearing also has inherent defects, and the frequent deformation of the elastic material can cause material fatigue damage and even fatigue fracture, so that the service life of the elastic bearing can be reduced, and the relative movement trend between the pier and the viaduct is increased. In view of this, regularly checking the health status of the elastic bearings is an essential task for the normal operation of the viaduct or bridge.
The existing inspection technology is generally manual work, during the closing period of the viaduct, workers need to climb up to bridge columns with the height of tens of meters, and possible defects of each bearing are detected and recorded through naked eyes and a camera. Obviously, the detection means cannot reflect the dynamic behaviors of the bearing in the normal time and the peak time of the vehicle operation in real time, and the detection accuracy varies from person to person due to different technical proficiency of technicians. In addition, when workers are in high-altitude operation, the safety cannot be well guaranteed. Thus, current inspection procedures are lengthy and risky, require extensive preventative measures, and even require maintenance or replacement of a large number of failed bearings, which is not time and labor cost effective.
The University of South Australia, UniSA STEM and the Future Institute of Industrial science (University of South Australia, UniSA STEM and Future Industries Institute) in today's Materials communication (Materials today communications) (Vol.26, item 102023) in 2021 proposed a flexible capacitive strain sensor made of an elastic nanocomposite medium to achieve high sensitivity measurements in static compression. The sensor effectively disperses the conductive carbon black nanoparticles by a double-roller milling process, and the sensitivity is adjusted by controlling the proportion of the nanoparticles in the dielectric medium. At 3 wt.% nanoparticles, the capacitive nanocomposite sensor showed higher sensitivity, capable of measuring compressive strain up to 30% (as shown in fig. 1). However, when the sensor is used for detecting the bearing, the sensor has the advantages of small application range, incapability of monitoring in real time for a long time, easiness in damage, high manufacturing cost, abnormal difficulty in the manufacturing process and high requirement on equipment. In addition, the application range of the existing rigid sensor is limited, the existing rigid sensor is difficult to be applied to dynamic behavior maintenance of the bearing, the internal structure of the existing rigid sensor is complex, and maintenance personnel are difficult to maintain or replace internal components when problems occur.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above technical problems, the present invention provides a parallel connection device for soft sensors for measuring deformation, the main body of which mainly comprises an upper base, a lower base, a telescopic rod, a piston sleeve, a soft sensor and the like. Wherein, upper and lower base, telescopic link, piston sleeve can be printed the material by common 3D and pass through 3D printing technology rapid prototyping, need not any rigid component to connect in the middle of, can reduce manufacturing time by a wide margin, practice thrift the cost, and whole parallel arrangement stability is good, the dexterity is high, the precision is high. In addition, unlike the traditional rigid sensor, the soft sensor can be made of soft materials such as dielectric elastomer, and the soft sensor can generate stretching deformation under the action of mechanical external force, and has good elastic restorability and high cost performance. The whole parallel device is conveniently installed at the gap between the bridge and the bridge pier, and the relative displacement between the bridge and the bridge pier can be detected in real time.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a soft sensor parallel device for measuring deformation comprises a cylindrical soft sensor, a telescopic connecting piece, an upper base and a lower base; the two ends of the plurality of telescopic connecting pieces are respectively hinged with the upper base and the lower base, and the cylindrical soft sensor is arranged in the telescopic connecting pieces in a pre-stretching state and can generate stretching-compressing deformation along with the stretching-compressing of the telescopic connecting pieces and generate capacitance change response.
Preferably, the cylindrical soft sensor is obtained by rolling a sheet-like soft material with a conductive layer into a cylindrical shape, and is connected to the conductive layer through an external circuit to read a capacitance change response.
Preferably, the number of the telescopic connecting pieces is 3-6, and two adjacent telescopic connecting pieces are distributed at equal intervals.
Preferably, the telescopic connecting piece comprises a telescopic rod, a rod ball joint and a barrel ball joint; the rod ball joint and the barrel ball joint are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the telescopic rod, the rod ball joint is used for being hinged with the upper base, and the barrel ball joint is used for being hinged with the lower base.
Preferably, the telescopic rod comprises a piston rod, a piston cylinder and a spring, the piston rod and the spring are sleeved in the piston cylinder, and the top of the piston cylinder is provided with a limiting structure for preventing the piston rod from sliding out; the piston rod is hollow inside and is used for mounting a cylindrical soft sensor; the top of the piston rod extends out of the piston cylinder and is used for being connected with the rod ball joint; the bottom of the piston cylinder is used for being connected with a cylinder ball joint.
Preferably, the top of the piston rod is provided with a first external thread with the excircle diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the piston rod, the bottom of the piston rod is provided with a circular truncated cone with the diameter larger than the outer diameter of the piston rod and smaller than the inner diameter of the piston cylinder, and the circular truncated cone is in clearance fit with the piston cylinder; the bottom of the piston cylinder is provided with a second external thread, and the top of the piston cylinder is provided with a hole table with the inner diameter larger than the diameter of the piston rod and smaller than the outer diameter of the circular table at the bottom of the piston rod; the hole table and the circular truncated cone form a limiting structure, and the piston rod is prevented from falling off from the piston cylinder.
Preferably, the rod ball joint and the barrel ball joint comprise ball heads, ball joint limiting seats and fixed ball head caps; the ball head consists of a ball body and a connecting part, and the connecting part is provided with a third external thread; the inner wall of the ball joint limiting seat is provided with a first internal thread for connecting the upper base or the lower base and an inner cambered surface matched with the ball head; one end of the fixed ball head cap is open, the other end of the fixed ball head cap is provided with a mounting hole, the inner wall of the open end is provided with a second internal thread used for connecting the end part of the telescopic rod, and a third internal thread used for connecting the ball head connecting part is arranged in the mounting hole;
the diameter of the fixed ball head cap of the rod ball joint is smaller than that of the fixed ball head cap of the barrel ball joint.
Preferably, both ends of the cylindrical soft sensor are respectively bonded or screwed with the fixed ball caps in the rod ball joint and the cylinder ball joint.
As the optimization of the invention, the upper base and the lower base are respectively provided with upper hinge holes and lower hinge holes which are the same in number; go up the hinge hole and constitute by the hemisphere cavity that has the external screw thread with hinge hole down, last hinge hole be arranged in holding the bulb in the pole ball joint and form hinge structure, hinge hole is arranged in holding a bulb in the ball joint and forms hinge structure down, first internal thread in the spacing seat of ball joint respectively with last hinge hole, the external screw thread connection of hinge hole down.
Preferably, the parallel soft sensor device and the viaduct bearing are arranged in parallel at a gap between the viaduct and the pier, the upper surface of the upper base and the lower surface of the lower base are respectively abutted against the bridge and the pier, when the bridge and the pier move relatively, the upper base and the lower base move relatively along with the bridge and the pier, the telescopic connecting pieces stretch or incline adaptively, and simultaneously drive the cylindrical soft sensors in different directions to stretch and deform, so that capacitance change is generated, and the real-time displacement condition of the viaduct bearing can be detected by reading a capacitance change value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the existing sensor structure, the invention seals the soft sensor in a closed telescopic connecting piece, and can monitor the deformation of the bearing from six degrees of freedom while protecting the soft sensor from the external influence; the dynamic behavior of the bearing at the normal time and the peak time of the vehicle running can be measured in real time, and the displacement data of the damaged bearing can be obtained and used as an important basis for evaluating and replacing the bearing; the device has the advantages of stable and reliable operation, low probability of fatigue damage and high measurement stability, fundamentally replaces manual detection operation, reduces maintenance time and manual operation error rate, and greatly reduces potential risks of workers in the maintenance process.
2. The invention can rapidly manufacture each part through 3D printing, has small volume and compact and flexible structure, is suitable for mass production, is widely applied to displacement detection between the viaduct and the pier, has wide detection range and application range, and overcomes the defects of complex structure, heavy weight and high cost of the traditional rigid sensor.
3. The invention can flexibly design the number of the soft sensors and the length and size of the telescopic rod. By utilizing the principle that the flexible deformation of the soft sensor causes the capacitance change, the soft sensors in different directions are installed to measure the deformation in different directions, and the vertical displacement, the horizontal displacement and the deflection angle can be inversely calculated through the deformation amount, so that the method is suitable for different climatic conditions and geographical environments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flexible capacitive strain sensor made of an elastic nanocomposite medium as proposed in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a parallel arrangement of soft sensors for measuring deformation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a parallel arrangement of soft sensors for measuring deformation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a parallel plate capacitor;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a cylindrical soft sensor;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the construction of the telescopic connection;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the telescopic rod;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the telescoping pole;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a ball head structure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a ball joint position limiting seat;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a fixed ball cap structure, a-front, b-back;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a stem ball joint and barrel ball joint;
FIG. 13 is a structural cross-sectional view of the telescopic connection completed in assembly;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of an upper base structure;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a sub-mount configuration;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an assembly process of a parallel arrangement of soft sensors for measuring deformation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 17 is a schematic view of the parallel soft sensor device installed in the gap between the viaduct and the pier.
In the figure: 1-cylindrical soft sensor; 2-a telescopic rod, 21-a piston rod, 2101-a first external thread, 2102-a circular table, 22-a piston cylinder, 2201-a second external thread, 2202-a hole table and 23-a spring; 3-upper base, 31-upper hinge hole; 4-lower base, 41-lower hinge hole; 5-ball joint structure, 51-ball head, 5101-ball body, 5102-connecting part, 5103-third external thread, 52-ball joint limiting seat, 5201-first internal thread, 5202-internal arc surface, 53-fixed ball head cap, 5301-second internal thread and 5302-third internal thread.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the embodiments of the present invention are based on the technical scheme of the present invention and provide detailed implementation and specific operation procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; the same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description of the present invention, and it is not intended to indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and it is possible for one of ordinary skill in the art to understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to specific situations.
Fig. 2 and 3 show a parallel connection device of a soft sensor for measuring deformation according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a cylindrical soft sensor 1 (fig. 5), a telescopic connector (fig. 6), an upper base 3 (fig. 14) and a lower base 4 (fig. 15), wherein the cylindrical soft sensor 1 is installed inside the telescopic connector and can generate tensile-compressive deformation along with the tensile-compression of the telescopic connector.
The upper base 3 and the lower base 4 are respectively provided with an upper hinge hole 31 and a lower hinge hole 41 which are in one-to-one correspondence, and each pair of hinge holes is used for being hinged with a telescopic connecting piece with the cylindrical soft sensor 1 to form a soft sensor parallel device with a polygonal structure. In this embodiment, fig. 2 shows a parallel arrangement of software sensors in an equilateral trilateral structure, each cylindrical software sensor 1 is installed inside a telescopic connector, and there is no wrinkle in the natural state. In the measuring process, the upper base 3 drives the telescopic connecting piece to move up and down or tilt under the action of a vertical or horizontal force, and drives the cylindrical soft sensor 1 to stretch or contract and deform, so that capacitance change response is generated; the stress condition in the corresponding direction can be obtained through the capacitance change response of the cylindrical soft sensor 1 in each telescopic connecting piece, and the integral stress condition can be obtained by combining the polygonal structure. The trilateral soft sensor parallel device can be replaced by structures such as a quadrangle and a hexagon.
The cylindrical soft sensor 1 adopted by the invention is obtained by rolling a sheet soft material and conductive layers positioned on two sides of the sheet soft material into a cylindrical shape, is connected with the conductive layers through an external circuit, and reads capacitance change response. Unlike a rigid sensor using metal such as iron and aluminum and a semiconductor sensor such as a silicon chip, a soft sensor is a soft sensing system which is made of flexible and stretchable flexible polymer materials (e.g., dielectric elastomer, silicon rubber, hydrogel, etc.) and is substantially based on a capacitor for storing and releasing electric charges. Based on the principle of parallel plate capacitors, the flexible sensor used in the present invention is a sandwich structure (a layer of flexible material is sandwiched between two flexible electrodes) as shown in fig. 4, and the flexible material is flexible and stretchable and suitable for measuring stress and compression deformation. When the sensor is stressed, the deformation of the sensor can be measured or calculated by reading the capacitance and the strain change of the capacitance. Compared with other sensing mechanisms such as thermosensitive sensor, magnetosensitive sensor and the like, the sensing mechanism of the soft sensor takes capacitance change as a judgment basis, and has the advantages of data visualization, high sensitivity and measurement accuracy, low energy consumption and cost and the like.
When the cylindrical soft sensor 1 is prepared, firstly, a section of flaky rectangular soft material is taken; then, carbon black or conductive metal powder is uniformly coated on two surfaces of the soft material to serve as conductive layers, the soft material coated with the carbon black is completely compacted and wrapped by chemical fiber materials, so that the side leakage of the carbon black is prevented, and the carbon black is uniformly distributed on the flaky soft material; finally, the sheet-shaped rectangular soft material is rolled into a cylinder shape, and the cylindrical soft sensor 1 is obtained (as shown in fig. 5).
As shown in fig. 6, which is a schematic structural view of the telescopic connecting member shown in this embodiment, the upper and lower end portions of the telescopic connecting member are hinged to the upper and lower bases by using ball joint structures 5, and the telescopic connecting member includes a telescopic rod 2, a rod ball joint and a barrel ball joint; the rod ball joint and the barrel ball joint are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the telescopic rod 2.
Fig. 7 and 8 are schematic structural diagrams of the telescopic rod 2 shown in this embodiment, and the telescopic rod is composed of a piston rod 21, a piston cylinder 22 and a spring 23, the piston rod 21 and the spring 23 are sleeved in the piston cylinder 22, a limiting structure for preventing the piston rod 21 from sliding out of the piston cylinder 22 is arranged at the top of the piston cylinder 22, and the top of the piston rod 21 extends out of the piston cylinder 22 and is used for being connected with a rod ball joint; the bottom of the piston cylinder 22 is used for being connected with a cylinder ball joint, the top of the spring 23 abuts against the bottom of the piston rod 21, and the bottom of the spring 23 is limited by the cylinder ball joint to prevent the spring 23 from sliding out of the piston cylinder 22.
The interior of the piston rod 21 is of a hollow structure and is used for installing the cylindrical soft sensor 1, and the hollow telescopic rod 2 can prevent the soft sensor from being in direct contact with the outside, so that the soft sensor is effectively protected from being polluted and interfered by the outside environment. In addition, the soft sensor is fixed at both ends, and the length thereof is deformed in accordance with the extension-contraction of the piston rod 21.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the piston rod 21 and the piston cylinder 22 are fabricated using a 3D printing integral molding technique. When 3D printing is carried out, conventional resin materials such as ABS, PLA, PETG and the like can be adopted, parts of each part are firstly modeled in corresponding sizes in modeling software, the matching among threads is particularly required to be noticed, the threads of the printed and molded part can be perfectly matched, and then a modeling file of the required part is imported into a 3D printer for printing. Since the durability of the apparatus is required to be high, the filling rate of the 3D printer is set to 100% and the model layer height is set to 0.12mm in this example when printing parts. And finally, taking out the parts formed by 3D printing from the 3D printer, and checking the integrity of the parts and the accuracy of the size of the parts. The defective part needs to be reprinted until the proper part is manufactured.
The top of the piston rod 21 prepared by printing is provided with a first external thread 2101 of which the excircle diameter is smaller than the external diameter of the piston rod 21, the bottom of the piston rod 21 is provided with a circular table 2102 of which the diameter is larger than the external diameter of the piston rod 21 and smaller than the internal diameter of the piston cylinder 22, and the circular table 2102 is in clearance fit with the piston cylinder 22; the bottom of the piston cylinder 22 is provided with a second external thread 2201, and the top of the piston cylinder is provided with a hole table 2202, the inner diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the piston rod 21 and smaller than the outer diameter of a circular table 2102 at the bottom of the piston rod 21; the hole table 2202 and the circular table 2102 form a limiting structure, and the circular table 2102 can be clamped by the hole table 2202, so that the piston rod 21 cannot fall off from the piston cylinder 22. The spring 23 may be formed by a centrically wound spring machine.
The rod ball joint and the barrel ball joint respectively comprise a ball head 51, a ball joint limiting seat 52 and a fixed ball head cap 53. The ball head structure is shown in fig. 9, and includes a sphere 5101 and a connecting portion 5102, where the connecting portion 5102 is provided with a third external thread 5103; as shown in fig. 10, the ball joint limiting seat 52 has an inner wall provided with a first internal thread 5201 and an inner arc surface 5202; as shown in fig. 11, the fixing knob cap 53 has an open end as seen in fig. 11 (a), and has a mounting hole formed at the other end as seen in fig. 11 (b), a second internal thread 5301 formed on the inner wall of the open end, and a third internal thread 5302 formed in the mounting hole.
During assembly, as shown in fig. 12 (a), the connecting portion 5102 of the ball head 51 is firstly extended from the inner arc surface 5202 of the ball joint limiting seat 52, the sphere 5101 is matched with the inner arc surface 5202 of the ball joint limiting seat, and the diameter of the inner arc surface 5202 is smaller than that of the ball head 51, so that the whole ball head 51 is prevented from passing through the ball joint limiting seat. As shown in fig. 12 (b) and (d), the third external thread 5103 of the protruding connecting portion 5102 is screwed with the third internal thread 5302 of the mounting hole of the fixed ball cap 53, and is tightened to achieve ball joint mounting.
It should be noted that the basic structure of the rod ball joint and the barrel ball joint is the same, and the difference is that the size of the open end of the fixed ball head cap of the two ball joints is different, because the rod ball joint is used for connecting the end of the piston rod 21 in the telescopic rod 2, the barrel ball joint is used for connecting the end of the piston cylinder 22 in the telescopic rod 2, the diameter of the piston rod 21 is smaller than that of the piston cylinder 22, and therefore the diameter of the second internal thread 5301 of the rod fixed ball head cap is smaller than that of the second internal thread 5301 of the barrel fixed ball head cap. As shown in fig. 12 (b) for illustrating the connecting process of the shaft ball joint, the resultant shaft ball joint is shown in fig. 12 (c); as shown in fig. 12 (d) for illustrating the coupling process of the spherical shell joint, the resulting spherical shell joint is shown in fig. 12 (e).
In one embodiment of the present invention, the rod ball joint and the barrel ball joint are manufactured by using a 3D printing integrated molding technology, which is similar to the 3D printing process of the piston rod 21 and the piston barrel 22, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted.
When the telescopic connecting piece shown in fig. 6 is assembled, firstly, one end of the cylindrical soft sensor 1 is fixed in the fixed ball cap of the rod ball joint, and then, the second internal thread 5301 of the fixed ball cap of the rod ball joint is in threaded fit with the first external thread 2101 at the top of the piston rod 21 in the telescopic rod 2 and is screwed down; and then the other end of the cylindrical soft sensor 1 is fixed in a fixed ball head cap of the cylinder ball joint, and a second internal thread 5301 of the fixed ball head cap of the cylinder ball joint is in threaded fit with a second external thread 2201 at the bottom of the piston cylinder 22 in the telescopic rod 2 and is screwed down, so that the assembled rod ball joint and cylinder ball joint are fixed at two ends of the telescopic rod 2. At this time, the two ends of the spring are limited by the piston rod 21 and the fixed ball head cap of the barrel ball joint respectively. The above assembling process can also match the cylinder ball joint with the piston cylinder 22 in the telescopic rod 2, and then match the rod ball joint with the piston rod 21 in the telescopic rod 2, and the assembling sequence is not limited.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the end of the cylindrical soft sensor 1 and the fixed ball cap may be fixed by gluing, or the circular truncated cone 2102 may be provided at both ends of the cylindrical soft sensor 1, and the circular truncated cone 2102 may be installed inside the fixed ball cap by screws, which is not limited.
For example, in bonding with glue, an annular groove may be provided in the fixed ball cap of the stem ball joint and the barrel ball joint (as shown in FIG. 13), because the cylindrical soft sensor 1 has stretchability, one end of the cylindrical soft sensor is inserted into the groove of the fixed ball cap of the rod ball joint or the cylinder ball joint and coated with glue, after the cylindrical soft sensor 1 is fixed, the cylindrical soft sensor 1 is stretched and extends out of the other end of the telescopic rod 2, the other end of the cylindrical soft sensor 1 is inserted into the groove of the fixed ball cap of the cylinder ball joint or the rod ball joint and coated with glue, after the cylindrical soft sensor is fixed, the rod ball joint or the cylinder ball joint can be connected with one end of the telescopic rod 2 through threads, when the thread design is carried out, the fixed ball head caps in the rod ball joint and the barrel ball joint are screwed down according to the same direction, and the number of screwing-in turns is fixed, so that the cylindrical soft sensor 1 is prevented from generating twist-shaped distortion in the screwing-in process.
Similarly, when the sensor is installed by using a screw, because the cylindrical soft sensor 1 has stretchability, one end of the sensor is fixed on the rod ball joint or the fixed ball cap of the barrel ball joint, then the cylindrical soft sensor 1 is stretched and extends out of the other end of the telescopic rod 2, the other end of the sensor is fixed on the barrel ball joint or the fixed ball cap of the rod ball joint, and finally the rod ball joint or the barrel ball joint is screwed at the same time.
The two modes can realize the assembly of the rod ball joint and the barrel ball joint, and ensure that the cylindrical soft sensor 1 does not wrinkle in the assembly process and has certain pre-stretching amount.
As shown in fig. 14 and 15, the upper base 3 and the lower base 4 of the present embodiment are respectively provided with three ball joint holes as an upper hinge hole 31 and a lower hinge hole; each ball joint hole is formed by a hemispherical cavity with external threads, the hemispherical cavity is used for accommodating a ball head 51, so that the upper ball head and the lower ball head can rotate in the hemispherical cavity, and the external threads are used for being matched with first internal threads 5201 of the ball joint limiting seat. The invention takes a soft sensor parallel connection device with a trilateral structure as an example, the whole structure is in a round table shape, the area of an upper base 3 is smaller than that of a lower base 4, and three ball joint holes on the upper base and the lower base are symmetrical at 120 degrees.
In the assembling process, three telescopic connectors and a pair of ball joint holes on the upper base and the lower base are sequentially installed in a threaded manner, for example, as shown in (a) and (b) in fig. 16, the internal thread of the ball joint limiting seat of the rod ball joint in fig. 6 is connected with the external thread of the ball joint hole of the upper base in a threaded manner to wrap the upper ball head with the steering function, then the internal thread of the ball joint limiting seat of the barrel ball joint is connected with the external thread of the ball joint hole of the lower base in a threaded manner to wrap the lower ball head with the steering function, and the connection of the single telescopic rod 2 and the upper base and the lower base is completed. As shown in (c) and (d) of fig. 16, the above steps are repeated until the three telescopic connectors are installed, so as to obtain the parallel connection device of the soft sensor, and the three telescopic rods 2 can reflect the displacement deformation in different degrees of freedom.
In this embodiment, the upper and lower bases may be made of a flexible polymer (e.g., TPU, rubber, etc.), which may provide cushioning to the overall device and reduce the effects from bottom vibrations.
When the soft sensor parallel device is used for measuring the displacement condition of the viaduct bearing, the soft sensor parallel device is tightly installed at the gap between the viaduct and the pier and is on the same horizontal plane with the viaduct bearing, as shown in fig. 17. When the device is in a non-working state, the upper surface of the upper base 3 and the lower surface of the lower base 4 are respectively abutted against a bridge and a pier.
After the viaduct is stressed in the vehicle running process, downward pressure is generated on the top of the upper base 3 in the vertical direction, the built-in springs 23 of the three telescopic rods 2 are pressed to force the telescopic rods 2 to generate downward displacement, so that the cylindrical soft sensor 1 generates certain shrinkage deformation on the basis of an initial stretching state, and the shrinkage deformation quantity is related to the stress magnitude; the shrinkage deformation causes capacitance change, and the vertical displacement condition of the viaduct bearing can be detected through the capacitance change.
When the viaduct is horizontally displaced relative to the bridge pier, the friction force in the horizontal direction is generated on the top of the upper base 3 in the horizontal direction, the ball joint is driven to rotate within a certain range, and even the upper base 3 is driven to generate corresponding horizontal displacement. Similarly, the rotation or horizontal displacement of the upper base 3 can drive the cylindrical soft sensor 1 to move, the three soft sensors can stretch or contract in different degrees, and the horizontal displacement or the rotation angle of the viaduct bearing can be detected through the capacitance change.
Therefore, the vertical displacement, the horizontal displacement and the deflection angle can be reversely calculated by detecting the stretching and the shrinkage deformation of the cylindrical soft sensor 1 in different directions in real time, so that the real-time displacement change and the deflection angle of the elastic bearing in six degrees of freedom (namely 3 displacements and 3 corners) can be detected, the health condition of the elastic bearing can be fed back in real time, the displacement condition of the viaduct bearing in any time period can be monitored, an important basis is provided for evaluating and replacing the elastic bearing, the damaged bearing can be found in time, and the maintenance and the replacement of the bearing are convenient.
It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. Those skilled in the art can also make adaptive modifications to the above embodiments, for example, to change a triangle into a quadrangle, a hexagon, etc., or to replace a ball joint hinge with another type of hinge, or to replace a 3D printing manufactured part with a conventionally manufactured and processed hard material such as iron, aluminum, etc., and these adaptive modifications should be understood as the conventional alternatives obtained in the light of the present disclosure. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A soft sensor parallel device for measuring deformation is characterized by comprising a cylindrical soft sensor (1), a telescopic connecting piece, an upper base (3) and a lower base (4); the two ends of the plurality of telescopic connecting pieces are respectively hinged with the upper base (3) and the lower base (4), and the cylindrical soft sensor (1) is arranged in the telescopic connecting pieces in a pre-stretching state and can generate stretching-compression deformation along with the stretching-compression of the telescopic connecting pieces and generate capacitance change response.
2. The parallel-connection device for soft sensors for measuring deformation according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical soft sensor (1) is obtained by rolling a sheet-like soft material with a conductive layer into a cylindrical shape, and is connected with the conductive layer through an external circuit to read the capacitance change response.
3. The parallel connection device for soft sensors for measuring deformation of claim 1, wherein the number of the telescopic connectors is 3-6, and two adjacent telescopic connectors are distributed at equal intervals.
4. The parallel deformation-measuring soft sensor device according to claim 1, wherein the telescopic connecting member comprises a telescopic rod, a rod ball joint and a barrel ball joint; the rod ball joint and the barrel ball joint are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the telescopic rod, the rod ball joint is used for being hinged with the upper base (3), and the barrel ball joint is used for being hinged with the lower base (4).
5. The parallel connection device for the soft sensor for measuring deformation according to claim 4, wherein the telescopic rod comprises a piston rod (21), a piston cylinder (22) and a spring (23), the piston rod (21) and the spring (23) are sleeved in the piston cylinder (22), and the top of the piston cylinder (22) is provided with a limiting structure for preventing the piston rod (21) from sliding out; the piston rod (21) is hollow and is used for installing the cylindrical soft sensor (1); the top of the piston rod (21) extends out of the piston cylinder (22) and is used for being connected with the rod ball joint; the bottom of the piston cylinder (22) is used for connecting with a cylinder ball joint.
6. The parallel device for the soft sensor for measuring deformation according to claim 4, wherein the top of the piston rod (21) is provided with a first external thread (2101) with the excircle diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the piston rod, the bottom of the piston rod (21) is provided with a circular truncated cone (2102) with the diameter larger than the outer diameter of the piston rod and smaller than the inner diameter of the piston cylinder, and the circular truncated cone (2102) is in clearance fit with the piston cylinder (22); the bottom of the piston cylinder (22) is provided with a second external thread (2201), and the top of the piston cylinder is provided with a hole table (2202) with the inner diameter larger than the diameter of the piston rod and smaller than the outer diameter of the circular table at the bottom of the piston rod; the hole table (2202) and the round table (2102) form a limiting structure, and the piston rod is prevented from falling off from the piston cylinder.
7. The parallel soft sensor measuring deformation according to claim 4, wherein the rod ball joint and the barrel ball joint each comprise a ball head (51), a ball joint limiting seat (52) and a fixed ball head cap (53); the ball head consists of a ball body (5101) and a connecting part (5102), and the connecting part is provided with a third external thread (5103); the inner wall of the ball joint limiting seat (52) is provided with a first internal thread (5201) for connecting the upper base or the lower base and an inner arc surface (5202) matched with the ball head (51); one end of the fixed ball head cap is open, the other end of the fixed ball head cap is provided with a mounting hole, the inner wall of the open end is provided with a second internal thread (5301) for connecting the end part of the telescopic rod, and a third internal thread (5302) for connecting the ball head connecting part (5102) is arranged in the mounting hole;
the diameter of the fixed ball head cap of the rod ball joint is smaller than that of the fixed ball head cap of the barrel ball joint.
8. The parallel connection device for soft sensors for measuring deformation according to claim 7, wherein the two ends of the cylindrical soft sensor (1) are respectively bonded or screwed with the fixed ball caps in the rod ball joint and the cylinder ball joint.
9. The parallel device for measuring the deformation of the soft sensor as claimed in claim 7, wherein the upper base (3) and the lower base (4) are respectively provided with an upper hinge hole (31) and a lower hinge hole (41) which are the same in number; the upper hinge hole (31) and the lower hinge hole (41) are formed by hemispherical cavities with external threads, the upper hinge hole (31) is used for accommodating a ball head in a rod ball joint to form a hinge structure, the lower hinge hole (41) is used for accommodating a ball head in a barrel ball joint to form a hinge structure, and a first internal thread (5201) in the ball joint limiting seat (52) is respectively connected with the external threads of the upper hinge hole (31) and the lower hinge hole (41).
10. The parallel soft sensor for measuring deformation according to claim 1, wherein the parallel soft sensor is installed in a gap between a viaduct and a pier in parallel with a viaduct bearing, the upper surface of the upper base (3) and the lower surface of the lower base (4) are respectively abutted against the bridge and the pier, when the bridge and the pier move relatively, the upper base (3) and the lower base (4) move relatively with the bridge and the pier respectively, the plurality of telescopic connectors stretch or tilt adaptively, and simultaneously drive the cylindrical soft sensors (1) in different directions to stretch and deform, so that capacitance change is generated, and real-time displacement of the viaduct bearing can be detected by reading capacitance change values.
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