WO2023138262A1

WO2023138262A1 - Trifurcate device for soft sensors

Info

Publication number: WO2023138262A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/138589
Authority: WO
Inventors: 徐齐平; 张宏伟; 鄂世举
Original assignee: 浙江师范大学
Priority date: 2022-01-24
Filing date: 2022-12-13
Publication date: 2023-07-27
Also published as: CN115289953A

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of soft sensors. Disclosed is a trifurcate device for soft sensors. The trifurcate device for soft sensors comprises a trifurcate support mechanism and several soft sensors, wherein the soft sensors are mounted on the trifurcate support mechanism in a stretched state, and are uniformly stressed; the trifurcate support mechanism comprises a top circular cover-shaped connector, an intermediate sliding connector and a bottom trifurcate connector, which are coaxial with each other, the sliding connector being perpendicular to the circular cover-shaped connector and the trifurcate connector; and a hinged structure is provided inside each of the circular cover-shaped connector and the trifurcate connector; and one end of each soft sensor is fixed to the trifurcate connector, and the other end of the soft sensor is fixed to the circular cover-shaped connector. The circular cover-shaped connector drives the sliding connector to move vertically or obliquely move after the circular cover-shaped connector is subjected to a force in a vertical or horizontal direction, so that the soft sensors are driven to have stretching or retraction deformation, thereby generating a capacitance change response; the displacement and the inclination angle of a bearing can be simultaneously measured according to the change of the capacitance; and thus the structure of the trifurcate device is simple, and the application range thereof is wide.

Description

A soft sensor trident device

technical field

The invention relates to the field of soft sensors, in particular to a soft sensor trident device for measuring deformation of viaduct bearings.

Background technique

Today, elastic bearings are widely used in large bridges and viaducts, and their elastic properties play an important role in vibration isolation; compared with rigid bearings, elastic bearings can reduce the severe vibration between the pier and the ground. However, elastic bearings also have their own disadvantages. The elastic material itself has a tendency to generate relative motion between the viaduct and the pier, and the frequent deformation of the elastic material will cause material fatigue and shorten its service life. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out regular inspection on elastic bearings.

Most of the existing inspection technologies are manual operations. Workers need to manually inspect each bearing. When the viaduct is closed, climb up the pier tens of meters high to inspect and record possible defects or failures with the naked eye and a camera. This is time-consuming, laborious and costly, and cannot reflect the dynamic behavior of the bearings during normal and peak hours of vehicle operation in real time. The inspection results depend on the technical experience of the inspectors, resulting in high uncertainty and poor safety.

Existing inspection techniques also include inspections of bearing misalignment through rigidity sensors. Hangzhou Bearing Test and Research Center Co., Ltd. reported the application of magnetic induction sensors in bearing vibration measurement in "Bearing" (Bearing) volume 013, page 52-54 in 2017. Its moving coil magnetic induction sensor is mainly composed of a yoke, a permanent magnet, a coil, a compensation coil, a spring, and a metal skeleton. It uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert the vibration signal of the measured object into an electrical signal. When working, the metal skeleton contacts the measured object through the extension probe. When the measured object vibrates, the metal skeleton will vibrate accordingly. At this time, the coil on the metal skeleton will also move accordingly. The relative motion between the magnet and the coil cuts the magnetic force line, and the coil cuts the magnetic force line to generate an induced electromotive force proportional to the vibration speed to realize vibration measurement. However, this type of rigid sensor has a large volume. Since the sensor needs to be placed between the viaduct and the bridge pier when performing bearing detection, the larger sensor is not suitable for applications where the gap between the viaduct and the bridge pier is small. The application range is small, and it is easy to be damaged and expensive.

In addition, the existing rigid sensors have limited detection range, low sensitivity, and complex internal structures. When a problem occurs in the sensor, it is difficult for maintenance personnel to repair or replace the internal components.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing rigid sensors such as small application range, complex structure, limited detection range and low sensitivity, the present invention proposes a soft sensor trident device for measuring the deformation of viaduct bearings. The soft sensor is made of soft materials, which can be stretched and contracted under the action of external force. It has good elastic recovery, high sensitivity, and light weight. The trident support structure is used to fix the soft sensor, and it is placed side by side with the bearing at the gap between the viaduct and the bridge pier. The soft sensors at different positions produce adaptive deformation, and the relative displacement and inclination angle of the bearing can be detected at the same time according to the capacitance change of each soft sensor. The structure is simple and the application range is wide.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A trident-shaped device for a soft sensor, comprising a trident-shaped support mechanism and a number of soft sensors, the soft sensors are installed on the trident-shaped support mechanism in a stretched state, and each soft sensor is evenly stressed;

The trident support mechanism includes a dome-shaped connector at the top, a sliding connector at the middle and a trident-shaped connector at the bottom, the three are coaxially connected, and the sliding connector is perpendicular to the dome-shaped connector and the trident-shaped connector; the dome-shaped connector and the trident-shaped connector are provided with a hinged structure inside;

One end of each soft sensor is fixed on the trident-shaped connector, and the other end is fixed on the dome-shaped connector. The dome-shaped connector drives the sliding connector to move up and down or tilt after receiving a vertical or horizontal force, which drives the soft sensor to stretch or shrink deformation, thereby generating a capacitance change response.

Preferably, the soft sensor is composed of a sheet-shaped soft material and conductive layers located on both sides of the sheet-shaped soft material, connected to the conductive layer through an external circuit, and reads the capacitance change response.

Preferably, the dome-shaped connector includes a top dome, a dome ball head and a dome ball stopper. The side wall of the top dome is provided with a soft sensor slot, and the notch is provided with a downwardly inclined guide port. The bottom center of the top dome is provided with a first hemispherical cavity; Connectors connect.

Preferably, the sliding connector includes a cylinder ball base, a spring, a piston cylinder, a telescopic rod and a rod ball base. The telescopic rod and the spring are sleeved in the piston cylinder, and the spring is located on the top of the telescopic rod and fixed by the cylinder ball base. The top of the telescopic rod and the bottom of the piston cylinder are provided with a limiting structure to prevent the telescopic rod from sliding out of the piston cylinder. The bottom of the telescopic rod protrudes from the piston cylinder and is connected to the trident connector through the rod ball base.

Preferably, the outer diameter of the rod head base is equal to or smaller than the outer diameter of the telescopic rod.

Preferably, the trident connector includes a base ball stopper, a base ball and a trident base. The top center of the trident base is provided with a second hemispherical chamber; the lower ball at one end of the base ball is installed in the second hemispherical chamber through the base ball stopper to form a hinged structure, and the lower ball can rotate in the second hemispherical chamber; the lower connection at the other end of the base ball is connected to the sliding connector.

Preferably, the trident support mechanism is made by 3D printing.

Preferably, the three forks of the three-pronged connector are distributed at intervals of 120 degrees, the length of each fork is greater than the radius of the dome-shaped connector, and the end of the soft sensor is fixed on each fork of the three-pronged connector through a card slot.

Preferably, it also includes a protective shell, the protective shell is composed of a protective cover and a protective base, and the protective base is provided with a trident groove for fixing the trident connector and an annular groove for fixing the protective cover; the protective cover is a circular platform structure with upper and lower openings, the dome-shaped connector at the top of the trident support mechanism protrudes from the upper opening of the protective cover, and the lower opening of the protective cover is fixed in the annular groove of the protective base.

Preferably, the trident device of the soft sensor and the viaduct bearing are installed side by side in the gap between the viaduct and the bridge pier. The upper surface of the dome-shaped connector and the lower surface of the trident-shaped connector abut against the bridge and the pier respectively. When the bridge and the pier move relative to each other, the dome-shaped connector and the trident connector move relative to the bridge and the pier respectively. real-time displacement.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention possesses is:

1. The trident device of the soft sensor of the present invention replaces the manual detection operation from the root, reduces the maintenance time and the error rate of manual operation, and greatly reduces the potential danger of workers during the maintenance process; and the device structure is exquisitely designed, easy to carry and install, and overcomes the defects of traditional rigid sensors with complex structure, heavy weight and high cost.

2. The trident device of the soft sensor of the present invention can measure the dynamic behavior of the bearing during the normal and peak hours of vehicle operation in real time, obtain the displacement data of the damaged bearing, and use it as an important basis for evaluating and replacing the bearing to monitor and evaluate the health status of the bearing in real time.

3. The present invention utilizes the principle that the capacitance changes after the stretching deformation of the soft sensor, and installs soft sensors in different directions on the trident support mechanism to measure the deformation in different directions. The vertical and horizontal displacements and deflection angles can be reversely obtained through the deformation amount, and the trident device of the soft sensor can simultaneously detect the relative displacement and inclination angle of the bearing, and has good sensitivity, high measurement accuracy, low power consumption and low cost.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a trident device of a soft sensor shown in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a trident device of a soft sensor shown in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a parallel plate capacitor;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a soft sensor;

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a dome-shaped connector, wherein (a) is a diagram of the assembly process of the dome ball head limit seat, the dome ball head, and the top dome; (b) is the assembly result;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the top dome;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dome ball head;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dome ball head limit seat;

Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a sliding connector; wherein, (a) is the overall structure, and (b) is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the bottom;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the telescopic rod;

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the piston cylinder;

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of piston cylinder-telescopic rod-spring structure assembly;

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the trident connector, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the trident base, the base ball head and the base ball limit seat; (b) is the assembly result;

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the trident base;

Fig. 15 is a sleeve type card slot;

Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the installation process of the soft sensor, in which (a) stick one end of the soft sensor on the trident-shaped base; (b) fix it with a card slot; (c) bend the other end of the soft sensor; (d) fix the other end of the soft sensor in the slot of the top round cover;

Figure 17 is a schematic structural view of the protective device, wherein (a) is a protective cover; (b) is a protective base;

Fig. 18 is a soft sensor trident device with a protective device, wherein (a) is the assembly process of the protective cover and the protective base; (b) is the assembly result.

Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the trident device of the soft sensor at the gap between the viaduct and the bridge pier.

In the figure: 1-dome-shaped connector, 11-top dome, 1101-soft sensor slot, 1102-guide port, 1103-first hemispherical chamber, 12-dome ball head, 1201-upper sphere, 1202-upper connection, 13-dome ball head limit seat, 2-sliding connector, 21-tube ball head base, 22-spring, 23-piston barrel, 24-telescopic rod, 25-rod ball head base , 3-trident connector, 31-base ball limit seat, 32-base ball, 3201-lower ball, 3202-lower connection, 33-trident base, 3301-second hemispherical chamber, 4-soft sensor, 5-set card slot, 6-protective cover, 7-protective base, 71-trident groove, 72-ring groove.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. This embodiment provides detailed implementation and specific operation process on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Wherein, the accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only, rather than actual drawings, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention; in order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, certain components in the drawings will be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product; the same or similar symbols in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear" etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention. As far as personnel are concerned, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific situations.

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are a kind of trident device of soft sensor shown in the embodiment of the present invention, comprise trident support mechanism and three soft sensors 4, described soft sensor 4 is installed on the trident support mechanism in stretched state, each soft sensor 4 is stressed evenly, without wrinkle.

The trident support mechanism is composed of three parts, namely the dome connector 1 at the top, the sliding connector 2 at the middle and the trident connector 3 at the bottom. The three are coaxially connected, and the sliding connector 2 is perpendicular to the dome connector 1 and the trident connector 3; The three-fork support mechanism in the present invention can also be replaced by four-fork, six-fork and other structures.

One end of each soft sensor 4 is fixed on the trident-shaped connector 3, and the other end is fixed on the dome-shaped connector 1. The dome-shaped connector 1 drives the sliding connector 2 to move up and down or tilt after receiving a vertical or horizontal force, which drives the soft sensor 4 to stretch or shrink to deform, thereby generating a capacitance change response.

The soft sensor used in the present invention is composed of a sheet-shaped soft material and conductive layers located on both sides of the sheet-shaped soft material, connected to the conductive layer through an external circuit, and reads the capacitance change response. Unlike metal rigid sensors such as iron and aluminum and semiconductor sensors such as silicon chips, a soft sensor is a soft sensing system made of flexible and stretchable soft polymer materials (such as dielectric elastomers, silicone rubber, hydrogel, etc.), which is essentially a capacitor based on storing and releasing charges. As shown in Figure 3, based on the principle of parallel plate capacitors, the soft sensor used in the present invention is a sandwich structure (a layer of soft material is sandwiched between the flexible electrodes on both sides), and this type of soft material is soft and stretchable. Taking the dielectric elastomer material as an example, refer to the formula: where C, ε, S, and d are the capacitance value, dielectric constant, area, and thickness of the dielectric elastomer of the soft sensor, respectively. It can be seen that the capacitance value will change during the deformation process. This soft sensor is very suitable for measuring deformation and force, and the amount of deformation can be reflected by the change in capacitance value. Compared with other types of sensing mechanisms (such as piezoelectric and optical), soft sensors deform under force, with capacitance as the key indicator, and have the advantages of good sensitivity, high measurement accuracy, low power consumption, and low cost.

When preparing the soft sensor, the present invention firstly takes a piece of sheet-like soft material with an aspect ratio of about 12:1; then uniformly smears carbon black or conductive metal powder on both sides of the taken sheet-like soft material as a conductive layer, and uses chemical fiber materials to completely and tightly wrap the soft material coated with carbon black to prevent side leakage of carbon black and ensure that carbon black is evenly distributed on the sheet-like soft material. As shown in FIG. 4 , the shape of the soft sensor obtained in this embodiment is generally a rectangular parallelepiped, and the four corners of the rectangular parallelepiped form an arc-like structure by rounding, which can improve the convenience of installation.

As shown in Figure 5, the dome-shaped connector 1 includes a top dome 11, a dome ball head 12 and a dome ball stopper seat 13. The side wall of the top dome cover 11 is provided with a soft sensor slot 1101, and the notch is provided with a downwardly inclined guide port 1102. The bottom center of the top dome cover 11 is provided with a first hemispherical chamber 1103; A hinged structure is formed in the chamber 1103 , and the upper ball 1201 can rotate in the first hemispherical chamber 1103 ;

In this embodiment, a top dome 11 (as shown in FIG. 6 ), a dome ball head 12 (as shown in FIG. 7 ) and a dome ball head stopper 13 (as shown in FIG. 8 ) are produced by 3D printing technology, wherein the first hemispherical cavity 1103 of the top dome 11 is provided with an external thread, the upper connection portion 1202 connecting the upper sphere in the dome ball head 12 is provided with an external thread, and the inner wall of the dome ball stopper seat 13 is provided with an internal thread and an inner arc surface. When 3D printing, you can use conventional resin materials, such as ABS, PLA, PETG, etc. First, model each part in the corresponding size in the modeling software, pay special attention to the cooperation between the threads to ensure the perfect fit between the threads of the printed parts, and then import the modeling files of the required parts into the 3D printer for printing. Due to high requirements on the durability of the device, when printing parts, in this embodiment, the filling rate of the 3D printer is set to 100%, and the model layer height is set to 0.12mm. Finally, each part of the 3D printed parts is taken out of the 3D printer, and the integrity of each part and the accuracy of the size of each part are checked. Parts that fail will need to be reprinted until a suitable part is manufactured.

During assembly, as shown in (a) in Figure 5, the upper ball 1201 at one end of the dome ball head 12 is embedded in the first hemispherical chamber 1103 of the top dome in a manner of arc-curved surface fit, the inner thread of the dome head stopper 13 is completely passed through the dome head 12, and the outer thread of the top dome 11 is threaded and tightened to realize the positioning of the dome ball head 12, and the dome-shaped connector as shown in (b) in Figure 5 is obtained. After the assembly is completed, the inner arc surface of the dome stopper seat 13 matches the arc surface of the upper sphere 1201 of the dome ball head, and the upper connection part 1202 at the other end of the dome ball head 12 protrudes from the dome stopper seat 13 for connecting the sliding connector 2 .

As shown in Figures 9 and 12, the sliding connector 2 includes a cylinder ball base 21, a spring 22, a piston cylinder 23, a telescopic rod 24 and a rod ball base 25. The telescopic rod 24 and the spring 22 are sleeved in the piston cylinder 23, and the spring 22 is located at the top of the telescopic rod 24 and is fixed by the cylinder ball base 21. It is connected with the three-fork connecting piece 3 through the rod head base 25 .

In this embodiment, a telescopic rod 24 (as shown in FIG. 10 ), a piston cylinder 23 (as shown in FIG. 11 ), a rod ball head base 25 (as shown in FIG. 9 (b)) and a barrel ball head base 21 (as shown in FIG. 9 ( a)) are produced by 3D printing technology, and the spring part can be formed by a heart-rolling spring machine. Wherein, the top of telescopic rod 24 is provided with a round platform with a diameter greater than the outer diameter of the telescopic rod and less than the inner diameter of the piston cylinder 23. The circular platform and the piston cylinder are in clearance fit. The bottom of the telescopic rod 24 is provided with an external thread with an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the telescopic rod. thread, and one end of the barrel ball head base 21 is also provided with a mounting hole with an internal thread; similarly, the inner wall of the rod ball head base 25 is provided with an internal thread, and one end of the rod ball head base 25 is also provided with a mounting hole with an internal thread. The 3D printing process will not be described in detail.

When assembling, pass the end of the external thread at the bottom of the telescopic rod 24 through the hole at the bottom of the piston cylinder 23 to ensure that the piston cylinder 23 wraps the telescopic rod 24 in the form of a sleeve; place the spring vertically in the piston cylinder 23 so that the round table at the top of the telescopic rod 24 withstands the spring 22 to ensure that the spring 22 is both in the piston cylinder 23 and on the telescopic rod 24; In the piston barrel 23; the internal thread of the rod ball base 25 and the external thread of the telescopic rod 24 are threaded and fully tightened to realize the assembly of the rod ball base 25 on the telescopic rod 24. The outer diameter of the rod ball base 25 is equal to or less than the external diameter of the telescopic rod 24, which does not affect the up and down movement of the telescopic rod 24 in the piston barrel.

As shown in Figure 13, the trident connector 3 includes a base ball stopper 31, a base ball 32 and a trident base 33. The top center of the trident base 33 is provided with a second hemispherical chamber 3301; the lower ball 3201 at one end of the base ball 32 is installed in the second hemispherical chamber 3301 through the base ball stopper 31 to form a hinged structure, and the lower sphere 3201 can be placed in the second hemispherical chamber 3301 Rotate; the lower connection part 3202 located at the other end of the ball head 32 of the base is connected with the sliding connection part 2 .

In this embodiment, a trident-shaped base 33 (as shown in FIG. 14 ), a base ball head 32 (as shown in (a) in FIG. 13 ), and a base ball head limiting seat 31 (as shown in FIG. 13 (a)) are produced by 3D printing technology. Wherein, the second hemispherical cavity 3301 of the trident base 33 is provided with external threads, the lower connecting portion 3202 of the base ball head 32 connected to the lower sphere is provided with external threads, and the inner wall of the base ball head limit seat 31 is provided with internal threads and an inner arc surface. The 3D printing process will not be described in detail.

During assembly, as shown in (a) in FIG. 13 , the lower ball 3201 at one end of the base ball head 32 is inserted into the second hemispherical chamber 3301 of the trident base 33 in a manner of arc-curved fit, and the inner thread of the base ball limit seat 31 passes through the base ball head 32 completely upwards, and is threadedly matched with the outer thread of the trident base 33, and is tightened to realize the positioning of the base ball head 32, and a trident connector as shown in (b) in FIG. 13 is obtained. . After the assembly is completed, the inner arc surface of the base ball head limit seat 31 matches the arc surface of the lower sphere 3201 of the base ball head 32 , and the lower connecting portion 3202 at the other end of the base ball head 32 protrudes from the base ball head limit seat 31 for connecting the sliding connector 2 .

The above assembled dome connector 1, sliding connector 2 and trident connector 3 are coaxially connected, the upper connection part 1202 of the dome ball head 12 in the dome connector 1 is screwed into the mounting hole with internal threads of the cylinder ball head base 21 of the sliding connector 2, and the lower connection part 3202 of the base ball head 32 in the trident connector 3 is screwed into the mounting hole with internal threads of the rod ball base 25 of the sliding connector 2 to realize the trident support mechanism assembly.

In this embodiment, the three forks of the trident-shaped connector 3 are distributed at intervals of 120 degrees, and the length of each fork is greater than the radius of the dome-shaped connector 1 , and the overall structure is in the shape of a truncated cone. One end of the soft sensor 4 is fixed on each bifurcation of the trident connector 3 by the card slot 5, and the other end is fixed in the soft sensor slot 1101 of the top round cover 11 sidewall.

When installing the soft sensor, as shown in (a) in Figure 16, bend one of the rounded ends of the soft sensor with glue and glue it to one of the bifurcated ends of the trident base 33, and then cover the end of the soft sensor and the end of the trident base 33 together with the card slot shown in Figure 15, as shown in (b) in Figure 16, so that the two are firmly attached together, and the same operation is performed for the other two soft sensors. Then, as shown in (c) and (d) in Figure 16, bend the other rounded end of the soft sensor and apply glue, stretch the soft sensor and insert it into the soft sensor slot 1101 on the side wall of the top dome cover 11, align the rounded end with the guide opening 1102, and ensure that each soft sensor does not bend or wrinkle significantly. During work, the soft sensor style stays stretched. The three soft sensor slots 1101 on the periphery of the disc are symmetrical at 120 degrees, and each slot corresponds to a branch of the trident-shaped base.

Since the above-mentioned soft sensor installed on the trident support mechanism is exposed outside, it is easy to be polluted by dirt such as bird's nest and dust at the bearing of the viaduct, resulting in reduced detection accuracy of the sensor or even damage. Therefore, the present embodiment designs a frustum-shaped protective shell, which is composed of a protective cover 6 as shown in (a) in Figure 17 and a protective base 7 as shown in (b) in Figure 17. The protective base 7 is provided with a trident groove 71 for fixing the trident connector 3 and an annular groove 72 for fixing the protective cover 6; The connecting piece 1 protrudes from the upper opening of the protective cover 6 , and the lower opening of the protective cover 6 is fixed in the annular groove 72 of the protective base 7 . Several layers of viscous films (such as scotch tape, high-viscosity plastic wrap, etc.) can be added on the top of the protective shell device to protect the top round cover of the trident support mechanism from being damaged by sharp objects in the environment, prevent dust from entering while reducing damage to the entire device caused by the harsh environment where the viaduct bearing is located, and facilitate replacement of the protective shell.

The protection base 7 of the present invention can be made of soft polymer (for example, TPU, rubber, etc.), which can make the whole device play a buffering role, reduce the impact from bottom vibration, thereby realizing the effect of protecting the trident base.

When installing the protective shell, as shown in (a) in Figure 18, first place the trident support mechanism with the soft sensor installed on the top of the protection base as a whole. Since the trident groove 71 in the middle of the protection base is hollowed out according to the shape of the trident base, the base part of the trident support mechanism can be completely embedded in the trident groove 71, and then the protective cover 6 is placed on the trident support mechanism from top to bottom. The lower opening of the cover 6 is inserted into the annular groove 72 of the protective base 7 to obtain the assembly result shown in (b) in FIG.

When using the above-mentioned soft sensor trident device to measure the displacement of the viaduct bearing, the soft sensor trident device of the present invention is tightly installed in the gap between the viaduct and the pier, on the same level as the viaduct bearing, as shown in Figure 19. When the device is in a non-working state, the upper surface of the dome-shaped connector 1 and the lower surface of the trident-shaped connector 3 abut against the bridge and the pier respectively.

After the viaduct is stressed during vehicle driving, it will cause downward pressure on the top of the dome-shaped connector 1 in the vertical direction, and the built-in spring of the sliding connector 2 will be pressed, forcing the telescopic rod to produce a vertical downward displacement; the top dome 11 drives the soft sensor to move, so the soft sensor will produce a certain shrinkage deformation on the basis of the initial stretched state.

When the viaduct moves horizontally relative to the pier, it will cause horizontal friction on the top of the dome-shaped connector 1 in the horizontal direction, driving the dome ball head and the base ball head to rotate within a certain range, and even drive the top dome 11 to produce a corresponding horizontal displacement. Similarly, the rotation or horizontal displacement of the top dome 11 will drive the movement of the soft sensors, and the three soft sensors will be stretched or shrunk to different degrees, and the horizontal displacement or rotation angle of the viaduct bearing can be detected through capacitance changes.

Therefore, by real-time detection of the stretching and contraction deformation of the soft sensor in three different directions, the vertical and horizontal displacements and deflection angles can be reversely calculated to detect real-time displacement changes and deflection angles of the elastic bearings, and provide real-time feedback on the health of the elastic bearings. This provides an important basis for evaluating and replacing elastic bearings, thereby monitoring the displacement and deflection between viaducts and bridge piers, and providing important reference data for avoiding major accidents and casualties.

Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and the scope of protection of the present invention also includes various deformations or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the claims. For example, the trident structure of the trident device of the soft sensor of the present invention can be replaced by a quadrangle or hexagon. The materials used can be some rigid materials such as iron and aluminum. The actual protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the claims.

Claims

[Accession by reference (Rule 20.6) 02.02.2023]
A trident device for a soft sensor, characterized in that it includes a trident support mechanism and several soft sensors (4), the soft sensors (4) are installed on the trident support mechanism in a stretched state, and each soft sensor (4) is evenly stressed;
The trident support mechanism comprises a top dome connector (1), a middle sliding connector (2) and a bottom trident connector (3), the three are coaxially connected, and the sliding connector (2) is perpendicular to the dome connector (1) and the trident connector (3); the dome connector (1) and the trident connector (3) are provided with a hinged structure inside;
One end of each soft sensor (4) is fixed on the trident connecting piece (3), and the other end is fixed on the dome-shaped connecting piece (1). The dome-shaped connecting piece (1) drives the sliding connecting piece (2) to realize up-and-down movement or tilting movement after being subjected to vertical or horizontal force, and drives the soft sensor (4) to stretch or shrink to deform, thereby generating a capacitance change response.
[Accession by reference (Rule 20.6) 02.02.2023]
The soft sensor trident device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the soft sensor (4) is composed of a sheet-like soft material and conductive layers located on both sides of the sheet-like soft material, connected to the conductive layer through an external circuit, and reads the capacitance change response.
[Accession by reference (Rule 20.6) 02.02.2023]
The soft sensor trident device according to claim 1, wherein the dome-shaped connector (1) comprises a top dome (11), a dome ball head (12) and a dome ball head limit seat (13), the side wall of the top dome (11) is provided with a soft sensor slot (1101), and the notch is provided with a downwardly inclined guide port (1102), and the bottom center of the top dome (11) is provided with a first hemispherical chamber (1103); The upper sphere (1201) at one end of the cap ball (12) is installed in the first hemispherical chamber (1103) to form a hinged structure through the dome head limit seat (13), and the upper sphere (1201) can rotate in the first hemispherical chamber (1103); the upper connecting portion (1202) at the other end of the dome ball (12) is connected with the sliding connector (2).
[Accession by reference (Rule 20.6) 02.02.2023]
The soft sensor trident device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the sliding connector (2) comprises a cylinder ball base (21), a spring (22), a piston cylinder (23), a telescopic rod (24) and a rod ball base (25), the telescopic rod (24) and the spring (22) are sleeved in the piston cylinder (23), and the spring (22) is located at the top of the telescopic rod ( 24 ), fixed by the cylinder ball base ( 21 ), and the top of the telescopic rod ( 24 ) The bottom of the piston barrel (23) is provided with a limit structure to prevent the telescopic rod (24) from slipping out of the piston barrel (23), and the bottom of the telescopic rod (24) stretches out of the piston barrel and is connected with the trident connector (3) through the rod ball head base (25).
[Accession by reference (Rule 20.6) 02.02.2023]
The soft sensor trident device according to claim 4, characterized in that, the outer diameter of the rod head base (25) is equal to or smaller than the outer diameter of the telescopic rod (24).
[Accession by reference (Rule 20.6) 02.02.2023]
The trident device of soft sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, the trident connector (3) comprises a base ball stop (31), a base ball (32) and a trident base (33), the top center of the trident base (33) is provided with a second hemispherical chamber (3301); the lower ball (3201) at one end of the base ball (32) is installed in the second hemispherical chamber through the base ball stop (31) A hinge structure is formed in (3301), and the lower ball (3201) can rotate in the second hemispherical chamber (3301); the lower connecting part (3202) located at the other end of the base ball head (32) is connected with the sliding connector (2).
The soft sensor trident device according to claim 1, wherein the trident support mechanism is made by 3D printing.
The trident device of the soft sensor according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the three forks of the trident connector (3) are distributed at intervals of 120 degrees, the length of each fork is greater than the radius of the dome-shaped connector (1), and the end of the soft sensor (4) is fixed on each fork of the trident connector (3) through a card slot (5).
A kind of soft sensor trident device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprises protective shell, described protective shell is made of protective cover (6) and protective base (7), and protective base (7) is provided with the trident groove (71) that is used to fix trident connector (3) and the annular groove (72) that is used to fix protective cover (6); Described protective cover (6) is the round platform structure of opening up and down, and the dome-shaped connector (1) of trident support mechanism top opens from the upper opening of protective cover (6) The lower opening of the protective cover (6) is fixed in the annular groove (72) of the protective base (7).
A soft sensor trident device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the soft sensor trident device and the viaduct bearing are installed side by side in the gap between the viaduct and the bridge pier, the upper surface of the dome connector (1) and the lower surface of the trident connector (3) abut against the bridge and the pier respectively, and when the bridge and the bridge pier move relative to each other, the dome connector (1) and the trident connector (3) follow the bridge and the bridge pier for relative movement, and the sliding connector (2) is adaptively stretched Or tilt, and at the same time drive the soft sensors (4) in different directions to undergo telescopic deformation, thereby generating capacitance changes, and the real-time displacement of the viaduct bearing can be detected by reading the capacitance change value.