CN115001353B - Intelligent control method and control system for variable frequency speed regulation of oil pumping well - Google Patents
Intelligent control method and control system for variable frequency speed regulation of oil pumping well Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
Abstract
The invention relates to an intelligent control method and a control system for variable frequency speed regulation of an oil pumping well. Under the condition of keeping the stroke frequency unchanged, the motor rotating speed is adjusted through intelligent frequency conversion, so that the peak clipping and valley filling of a motor power curve are realized, the maximum power is reduced, the minimum power is improved, the root mean square of the motor power curve is reduced, the working efficiency of a system is improved, and the energy-saving effect is achieved; the method can realize energy conservation and consumption reduction of the oil pumping well by intelligently adjusting the rotating speed of the motor in real time under the condition of not reducing the output of the oil well; the unbalanced/underbalanced problem of the pumping unit during operation can be effectively solved, and the phenomenon of 'reverse power generation' can be reduced to a certain extent; according to the indicator diagram data acquired by the indicator, the motor frequency can be automatically and intelligently adjusted without manual intervention and manual operation, so that the method is beneficial to the digital and intelligent management of the oil well and easy to popularize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a control technology, in particular to an intelligent control method and system for variable frequency speed regulation of an oil pumping well.
Background
The oil well realizes self-injection production by means of stratum energy in the early production stage, enters the later development stage, and is produced by means of artificial lifting along with stratum energy failure in most oil wells. The pumping unit lifting technology has been researched and applied for hundreds of years due to the characteristics of simple structure, firmness and reliability, and always occupies the dominant position of artificial lifting.
The periodic fluctuation load and lower motor efficiency of the pumping unit lead to low overall efficiency and high energy consumption of the pumping unit system. The energy-saving reconstruction is carried out on the oil pumping unit well by the structural reconstruction or advanced control means, so that the energy-saving synergy and the loss reduction are realized, quite huge economic benefits are generated, and the method has great significance for efficient exploitation and production of oil fields.
The energy-saving technology of the oil pumping system mainly surrounds the directions of structural improvement of the oil pumping unit, the control technology of the motor, the addition of an energy-saving device and the like. The frequency conversion speed regulation technology overcomes the defects of the direct current motor, solves the defects of the alternating current motor in the aspect of speed regulation performance, and is widely used in the petroleum industry.
At present, energy-saving means based on variable frequency speed regulation technology belongs to macroscopic regulation and control in most cases, namely, oil reservoir liquid supply capacity and pump working conditions are combined, and the change of pumping speed of a rod pump system is realized by optimizing and regulating the stroke frequency, so that the oil consumption per ton and the system efficiency are improved. In particular to a low-yield well with insufficient liquid supply, the rotating speed of a motor is reduced through a frequency converter, so that the adjustment of reducing the stroke frequency of the pumping well is realized, and the system efficiency can be improved to a certain extent, but the following problems exist: the first, the stroke frequency optimal adjustment depends on the accurate calculation of the inflow dynamics of the oil well, and the inflow dynamics of the oil well can be obviously changed in different exploitation stages of the oil reservoir; secondly, when the frequency converter is adopted to regulate down the motor rotation speed, the motor driving efficiency can be reduced along with the reduction of the motor rotation speed; thirdly, the frequency converter works with energy consumption and is not very expensive, and the economic benefit is possibly poor when the frequency converter is only used for simple stroke frequency adjustment.
At present, a learner performs theoretical research on a variable-speed microscopic regulation technology of an oil pumping well, converts an actual problem of variable-speed optimization of an oil pumping unit into a mathematical problem of solving an unknown function according to known conditions, establishes an operation state and characteristic simulation model of an oil pumping system and a real-time motor frequency optimization design mathematical model, takes energy conservation and synergy as optimization targets, and obtains an optimal solution under the condition that constraint conditions are met by adopting an optimization method. However, the variable frequency regulation technology needs advanced, reliable and high-precision hardware equipment and a mature and high-efficiency intelligent control method to ensure that the whole system can accurately and effectively control the operation of the pumping well, thereby realizing the improvement of the system efficiency and the reduction of the electricity consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the frequency conversion control technology of the pumping unit can not improve the stress characteristic in the operation process of the pumping unit, the intelligent control method and the control system for the frequency conversion speed regulation of the pumping unit are provided, the data can be collected through the basic parameters of the pumping unit and the power indicator, the operation frequency curve of a motor is optimized, the frequency of the motor is regulated in real time by utilizing a frequency converter, the energy consumption is reduced, and the energy saving effect is achieved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an intelligent control method for variable frequency speed regulation of an oil pumping well specifically comprises the following steps:
1) According to structural parameters of the rod-pumped well and the suspension point load-displacement data, establishing a rod-pumped well system model by utilizing a rod-pumped well kinematics theory;
2) Collecting suspension point load and displacement of a single period of operation of the oil pumping well by using a commonly matched indicator of the oil pumping well;
3) Calculating a single-period crank load torque curve, a balance torque curve and a net torque curve of the pumping unit when the current constant frequency operation is performed based on the pumping unit well system model in the step 1);
4) Calculating the input power curve and the power root mean square RMS of the motor in a single period under the current stroke frequency according to the inherent characteristic parameters of the motor and the net torque curve of the step 3) 0 ；
5) Based on the step 2) indicator diagram data and the current single-cycle motor input power curve under the impulse obtained in the step 4), and the root mean square RMS 0 Combining with the pumping well system model, searching a motor frequency curve which corresponds to the minimum root mean square of power as a motor frequency optimization curve;
6) The motor frequency optimization curve obtained in the step 5) is sent to a frequency converter for motor control as the current optimizing result;
7) And (3) in the running process of the oil pumping well, repeating the steps 2) to 6) under the condition of ensuring that the stroke frequency is unchanged, and carrying out real-time adjustment control calculation on the motor frequency of each running period to determine a motor frequency optimization curve.
Further, the specific method for searching the motor frequency curve corresponding to the minimum power root mean square is as follows: according to the current motor frequency and the set frequency variation range, randomly setting the motor frequency curve set as F= { F 1 ,f 2 ,...,f n The aggregation is a particle swarm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted, and according to the suspension point displacement and load data in the step 2), a motor input power curve and a corresponding power root mean square are calculated according to the steps 3) and 4); and (3) through continuous iterative computation for n times, obtaining a power root mean square minimum value calculated corresponding to the motor frequency curve, namely the motor frequency optimization curve.
Further, the motor frequency optimization curve obtained in the step 5) is expressed by a Fourier function method, and is used as the current period motor control frequency, so that the motor frequency in single period time is ensured to be unchanged.
An oil pumping well system model used in an intelligent control method of frequency conversion speed regulation of an oil pumping well comprises oil well parameters and stroke, stroke frequency, pump diameter and pumping depth parameters; calculating the load of the suspension point of the pumping unit according to the oil well factors and the motion rule of the suspension point of the pumping unit; the suspension point load and the torque factor of the pumping unit form load torque; the balance torque determined by the balance device of the pumping unit is combined with the load torque to obtain the net torque of the pumping unit; the motor speed and the net torque together determine a motor power curve.
The intelligent control system comprises an oil well module, an operation module, an oil pumping well structure module, a power indicator input module, a motor characteristic input module, a motor frequency optimization module, a control module and a motor frequency output module; the method comprises the steps that oil well parameters are input into an oil well module, an operation task is input into the operation module, structural parameters of an oil pumping well are input into the oil pumping well structural module, intrinsic characteristic parameters of a motor are input into a motor characteristic input module, a nonlinear optimizing algorithm and a target power transmission motor frequency optimizing module are input into the power indicator input module, a single-period suspension point load and displacement information transmission control module is collected by the power indicator input module, the control module calls data of the oil well module, the operation module, the oil pumping well structural module and the motor characteristic input module, an algorithm in the motor frequency optimizing module is used for calculating optimal motor frequency, a calculation result is output into the power transmission motor frequency output module, and the motor frequency output module outputs motor working frequency of one period to a frequency converter.
Preferably, the structural parameters in the pumping unit well structural module comprise a beam front arm length, a beam rear arm length, a connecting rod effective length, a beam axis-to-base distance, a beam axis-to-crank axis horizontal distance, a crank axis-to-base distance, a crank mass, a balancing weight mass, a pumping unit structure unbalance weight, a crank radius, a crank gravity center radius, a crank balancing radius, a balancing phase angle, a transmission ratio, a four-connecting rod structural efficiency, a pumping unit belt pulley and a reduction gearbox efficiency.
Preferably, the intrinsic motor characteristic parameters include rated power, rated rotational speed, rated efficiency and no-load power.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the intelligent control method and the intelligent control system for the variable frequency speed regulation of the pumping unit well, through the input power curve and the combination of the operation characteristics of the pumping unit, the motor frequency of each operation period is regulated and controlled in real time, so that the real energy conservation is realized; the variable frequency speed regulation simultaneously considers the matching of the load and the motor output and the working stability of the motor, and the working efficiency of the manuscript lifting system is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the energy conservation of the pumping unit well of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the pumping unit (displacement-load) indicator of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the torque calculation for a rod-pumped well of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of motor input power according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of motor frequency optimization according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of motor power before and after intelligent frequency modulation in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the intelligent control strategy of the variable frequency speed regulation of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the intelligent control motor frequency optimization calculation of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the comparison of motor frequency curves before and after intelligent frequency modulation according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph comparing power curves before and after intelligent frequency modulation according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
According to the invention, the rotation speed of the motor is optimized according to the operation stress characteristics and the working characteristics of the oil pumping well, and the frequency of the motor is regulated and controlled in real time through the frequency converter, so that the power curve of the motor is changed stably, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The beam pumping unit uses the connecting line of the center of the crank shaft and the bearing in the beam as a fixed rod, and uses the rear arm, the connecting rod and the crank of the beam as movable rods to form a four-bar linkage mechanism.
As shown in the energy-saving schematic diagram of the pumping unit well in figure 1, in the working process of the pumping unit well, the oil well factors formed by pumping parameters such as oil well parameters, stroke frequency, pump diameter, pumping depth and the like and the motion law of the suspension point of the pumping unit determine the load of the suspension point of the pumping unit, and the load torque is formed by the suspension point load and the torque factor of the pumping unit. The balance device of the pumping unit determines balance torque and obtains net torque of the pumping unit by combining load torque. The motor speed and the net torque together determine a motor power curve, thereby affecting system efficiency and energy consumption.
According to the theory of the kinematics and dynamics of the pumping unit, the load torque curve, the balance torque curve and the net torque curve can be calculated in sequence according to the oil well parameters, the pumping unit parameters and the suspension point load curve (shown in figure 2), and the structure and the working characteristics of the pumping unit determine that the net torque curve of the crankshaft is fluctuant, as shown in the torque calculation curve of the pumping unit well shown in figure 3.
The motor load power and the net torque of the crankshaft have the following relation:
wherein P is in The power KW is the load power of the motor; m is the net torque, N.m; η (eta) 1 The transmission efficiency from the speed reducer to the motor is achieved; omega is crank angular velocity, rad/s; η (eta) 2 The instantaneous efficiency of the motor; k (k) 1 、k 2 Is a coefficient.
When a conventional power frequency constant-speed motor works or a frequency converter drives the motor to work at a constant speed, the motor speed is unchanged, and the crank angular speed is unchanged, so that the motor power curve and the net torque curve change rule are the same, namely a fluctuation curve, and obvious peaks and valleys exist, and a motor input power curve is shown in fig. 4.
According to the current motor load curve, a motor frequency curve (shown in fig. 5) is optimally calculated by utilizing an optimizing method, and a motor load power curve (shown in an intelligent frequency modulation front-rear motor power curve in fig. 6) is changed, so that the motor load power curve is 'peak clipping and valley filling' and is as close to an average power value as possible, the power change is stable in the running process, the maximum power is reduced, the minimum power is improved, the total power output by a motor is reduced, and the energy saving target is realized.
The invention uses the suspension point load-displacement data measured and collected by the indicator commonly matched with an oil well as the basis, combines the parameters of the oil pumping machine well (the structural parameters of the oil pumping machine and the characteristic parameters of the motor), calculates a single-period motor frequency curve by utilizing an intelligent control motor frequency curve optimization algorithm, controls the motor to operate according to the frequency curve through a frequency converter, realizes the real-time control of the motor frequency, and the flow of the intelligent control strategy of the frequency conversion speed regulation is shown in figure 7.
The method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
(1) Collecting suspension point load and displacement of a single period of operation of the oil pumping well by using a commonly matched indicator of the oil pumping well;
(2) According to structural parameters (beam front arm length, beam rear arm length, connecting rod effective length, beam axis to base distance, beam axis to crank axis horizontal distance, crank axis to base distance, crank mass, balance weight mass, pumping unit structure unbalance weight, crank radius, crank gravity center radius, crank balance radius, balance phase angle, transmission ratio, four-connecting rod structure efficiency, pumping unit belt pulley and reduction box efficiency and the like) of the pumping unit well, suspension point load-displacement data, a pumping unit well system model is established by utilizing a pumping unit well kinematics theory, and a single-period pumping unit crank load torque curve, a balance torque curve and a net torque curve are calculated when the current constant frequency operation is performed.
(3) Calculating a motor input power curve and a root mean square RMS of a single period under the current stroke according to characteristic parameters (rated power, rated rotating speed, rated efficiency, no-load power and the like) of the motor and the net torque curve of the step (2) 0 The power curve and root mean square of the pumping unit during constant frequency operation before intelligent frequency modulation are obtained.
(4) Based on the indicator diagram data in steps (1) and (3), a single period of the motor input power curve, and a root mean square RMS 0 And (3) combining the pumping well system model in the step (2), and calculating and determining a motor frequency optimization curve by utilizing an intelligent control motor frequency curve optimization algorithm. The calculation flow is shown in fig. 8:
1) calculating a motor input power curve and a power root mean square RMS according to the suspension point displacement and the load data in the step (1) and the steps (2) and (3) 0 ；
2) According to the current motor frequency and the set frequency variation range, randomly setting the motor frequency curve set as F= { F 1 ,f 2 ,...,f n Using the set as a nonlinear set, adopting a nonlinear optimizing method (particle swarm optimization algorithm), and calculating a motor frequency curve f 1 Calculating a motor input power curve and root mean square RMS according to the suspension point displacement and load data in the step (1) and the steps (2) and (3) 1 ；
3) Comparing RMS 0 And RMS 1 If RMS is the size of 1 ≥RMS 0 The size, then calculate the frequency curve f of the electrical machinery 2 Calculating a motor input power curve and root mean square RMS according to the suspension point displacement and load data in the step (1) and the steps (2) and (3) 2 ；
4) By continuously iterating the calculation for n times, the motor frequency curve f n Correspondingly calculated power root mean square RMS n At minimum, f n Namely, the motor frequency optimization curve. The motor frequency curve is expressed by a Fourier function method, so that the single cycle time is unchanged, namely the stroke frequency is kept unchanged, the motor frequency curve is a smooth curve, the frequency change is smooth, and the instruction execution and the control operation of the frequency converter and the motor are easy.
5) The frequency converter optimizes curve f according to motor frequency n And sending a frequency real-time change instruction to the motor, and controlling the motor to perform real-time variable frequency operation. And repeating the steps, continuously optimizing and calculating a motor frequency curve in the running process of the oil pumping well, and carrying out real-time adjustment control on the motor frequency of each running period under the condition of ensuring that the stroke frequency is unchanged.
The intelligent control system comprises an oil well module, an operation module, an oil pumping well structure module, a power indicator input module, a motor characteristic input module, a motor frequency optimization module, a control module and a motor frequency output module; the method comprises the steps that oil well parameters are input into an oil well module, an operation task is input into the operation module, structural parameters of an oil pumping well are input into the oil pumping well structural module, intrinsic characteristic parameters of a motor are input into a motor characteristic input module, a nonlinear optimizing algorithm and a target power transmission motor frequency optimizing module are input into the power indicator input module, a single-period suspension point load and displacement information transmission control module is collected by the power indicator input module, the control module calls data of the oil well module, the operation module, the oil pumping well structural module and the motor characteristic input module, an algorithm in the motor frequency optimizing module is used for calculating optimal motor frequency, a calculation result is output into the power transmission motor frequency output module, and the motor frequency output module outputs motor working frequency of one period to a frequency converter.
Under the condition of keeping the stroke frequency unchanged, the motor rotating speed is adjusted through intelligent frequency conversion (the comparison of motor frequency curves before and after intelligent frequency modulation is shown in fig. 9), so that the peak clipping and valley filling of a motor power curve are realized, the maximum power is reduced, the minimum power is increased, the root mean square of the motor power curve is reduced (the comparison of the power curves before and after intelligent frequency modulation is shown in fig. 10, the maximum value of the motor power curve is reduced by 25%, the minimum value is increased by 12%, and the root mean square is reduced by 20%), the system working efficiency is improved, and the energy saving effect is achieved;
according to the invention, under the condition of not reducing the oil well yield, the energy conservation and consumption reduction of the oil pumping well can be realized through the real-time intelligent regulation of the motor rotation speed;
the invention can effectively improve the unbalance/underbalance problem (as shown in figure 10) when the pumping unit operates, the power balance degree is reduced from 142% to 85%, and the phenomenon of 'reverse power generation' can be reduced to a certain extent;
according to the indicator diagram data acquired by the indicator, the motor frequency can be automatically and intelligently adjusted without manual intervention and manual operation, so that the method is beneficial to the digital and intelligent management of the oil well and easy to popularize.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. The intelligent control method for the variable frequency speed regulation of the oil pumping well is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) According to structural parameters of the rod-pumped well and the suspension point load-displacement data, establishing a rod-pumped well system model by utilizing a rod-pumped well kinematics theory;
2) Collecting suspension point load and displacement of a single period of operation of the oil pumping well by using a power indicator matched with the oil pumping well;
3) Calculating a single-period crank load torque curve, a balance torque curve and a net torque curve of the pumping unit when the current constant frequency operation is performed based on the pumping unit well system model in the step 1);
4) Calculating the input power curve and the power root mean square RMS of the motor in a single period under the current stroke frequency according to the inherent characteristic parameters of the motor and the net torque curve of the step 3) 0 ；
5) Based on the step 2) indicator diagram data and the current single-cycle motor input power curve under the impulse obtained in the step 4), and the root mean square RMS 0 Combining with the pumping well system model, searching a motor frequency curve which corresponds to the minimum root mean square of power as a motor frequency optimization curve;
the specific method for searching the motor frequency curve corresponding to the minimum root mean square of the power is as follows:
according to the current motor frequency and the set frequency variation range, randomly setting the motor frequency curve set as F= { F 1 ,f 2 ,...,f n The aggregation is a particle swarm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted, and according to the suspension point displacement and load data in the step 2), a motor input power curve and a corresponding power root mean square are calculated according to the steps 3) and 4); the power root mean square minimum value calculated corresponding to the motor frequency curve is obtained through continuous iterative calculation for n times, namely the motor frequency optimization curve;
the obtained motor frequency optimization curve is expressed by a Fourier function method and used as the current period motor control frequency, so that the motor frequency in single period time is ensured to be unchanged;
6) The motor frequency optimization curve obtained in the step 5) is sent to a frequency converter for motor control as the current optimizing result;
7) And (3) in the running process of the oil pumping well, repeating the steps 2) to 6) under the condition of ensuring that the stroke frequency is unchanged, and carrying out real-time adjustment control calculation on the motor frequency of each running period to determine a motor frequency optimization curve.
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Denomination of invention: Intelligent control method and control system for variable frequency speed regulation of pumping well Granted publication date: 20230616 Pledgee: China Construction Bank Corporation Shanghai Hongkou Branch Pledgor: Shanghai datan Energy Technology Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024310000060 |
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