CN100571016C - A kind of based on hydraulicdriven current power generation speed-changing constant frequency method and device thereof - Google Patents
A kind of based on hydraulicdriven current power generation speed-changing constant frequency method and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100571016C CN100571016C CNB2008101204833A CN200810120483A CN100571016C CN 100571016 C CN100571016 C CN 100571016C CN B2008101204833 A CNB2008101204833 A CN B2008101204833A CN 200810120483 A CN200810120483 A CN 200810120483A CN 100571016 C CN100571016 C CN 100571016C
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of based on hydraulicdriven current power generation speed-changing constant frequency method and device thereof.The main shaft of impeller is linked to each other with variable pump, and the hydraulic oil of variable pump output inserts accumulator and variable displacement motor, magneto alternator with get access to grid after variable displacement motor links to each other; At impeller spindle and generator shaft speed probe is installed respectively, controller calculates the discharge capacity signal and the output of variable pump according to wheel speed and ocean current flow velocity, the regulated variable pump delivery is with the reaction torque on the change variable pump main shaft, thereby the rotating speed of change impeller is realized changed speed operation.Discharge capacity signal and output that controller calculates variable displacement motor according to the rotating speed and the rated speed of generator, the discharge capacity of regulated variable motor makes the invariablenes turning speed of variable displacement motor, makes generator send the electric energy of rated frequency, realizes the constant frequency running.The present invention makes the changed speed operation of power generation device from sea current more steady with its energy output, is subjected to the shock effect of ocean current littler, does not have convertor equipment, has higher efficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the speed-changing constant frequency method and the device thereof of electricity generation system, especially a kind of based on hydraulicdriven current power generation speed-changing constant frequency method and device thereof.
Background technology
The power generation device from sea current of horizontal shaft type is the novel energy by ocean current development and use device that begins to enter research field at the beginning of 21 century, and it is caught water flow dynamic energy and be converted into electric energy by impeller based on shellfish energy capture theory now.Be similar to wind power generation, when the rotating speed of impeller changes along with water velocity, can make impeller catch more energy by ocean current.When generator in the power generation device from sea current and electrical network parallel connection, require generator to send the electric energy of constant frequency again, promptly constant frequency turns round.Its energy delivery mode of power generation device from sea current of at present designed in the world horizontal shaft type all is the mechanical type transmission, be that impeller generates electricity by the rotation of gear box drive generator, and the gearratio of gear box is fixed, make the power generation device from sea current variable speed constant frequency running of horizontal shaft type can use speed-changing constant frequency method in the wind power generation field, mainly contain two kinds.A kind of method is to adopt the double-fed asynchronous generator of supporting changed speed operation, make the impeller changed speed operation by the control generator, thereby generator is also along with the impeller changed speed operation, when generator speed changed, the electric energy frequency that the adjusting of the converter plant by the double-fed asynchronous generator rotor-side makes generator send was constant.Another kind method is to adopt common synchronous generator, between generator and electrical network, connect the commutation inversion controller, adjusting by the commutation inversion controller makes the impeller changed speed operation, makes the generator of changed speed operation send the electric energy of constant frequency simultaneously, is connected to the grid then.More than two kinds of speed-changing constant frequency methods all based on electric means, all need the convertor equipment that involves great expense, in energy transfer process, can cause the energy loss more than 15%.In the power generation device from sea current of horizontal shaft type, if adopt the speed-changing constant frequency method of electric, because generator is that impeller drives generating after the gear box speedup, generator is subjected to the shock effect of ocean current bigger, and then makes the changed speed operation of impeller and the energy of power generation device from sea current export more unstable.In addition, its expensive generator also will be placed under water, and this brings inconvenience to maintenance, and the use of convertor equipment not only causes the loss of energy, also makes the structure bulky complex of electricity generation system, especially makes the electrical system complexity.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of based on hydraulicdriven current power generation speed-changing constant frequency method and device thereof, utilize hydraulic transmission mode to carry out the conversion of energy, can turn round by the discharge capacity of volume adjustable hydraulic pump, variable hydraulic motor being regulated the speed change and the constant frequency that realize power generation device from sea current in the transmittance process at hydraulic pressure, improve the energy capture rate of power generation device from sea current, make the changed speed operation of power generation device from sea current and energy output more stable.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
One, a kind of based on hydraulicdriven current power generation speed-changing constant frequency method:
1) with the main shaft of the mechanical energy input variable hydraulic pump of impeller, the mechanical energy of variable hydraulic motor output is imported the main shaft of magneto alternator, on the main shaft of the main shaft of impeller and magneto alternator, speed probe is installed respectively, on the rotational plane of impeller flow sensor is installed, the PLC controller of storage control program is electrically connected with wheel speed transducer, generator speed transducer, flow sensor, volume adjustable hydraulic pump and variable hydraulic motor respectively;
2) measure the flow velocity v of ocean current and the rotation speed n of impeller respectively with flow sensor and wheel speed transducer
y, input PLC controller, the PLC controller is according to the flow velocity v of ocean current and the best tip speed ratio value λ of impeller
OptCalculate the optimum speed n of impeller
Opt, then according to the optimum speed n of impeller
OptRotation speed n with impeller
yCalculate the discharge capacity control signal q of volume adjustable hydraulic pump by its inner control algolithm
pAnd output, regulate its discharge capacity by the stroking mechanism of volume adjustable hydraulic pump, and then change the reaction torque on the volume adjustable hydraulic pump main shaft, thereby change the rotating speed of impeller, realize the changed speed operation of impeller;
3) rotation speed n of usefulness generator speed sensor measurement magneto alternator
g, input PLC controller, the PLC controller is according to rotation speed n
gRated speed n with magneto alternator
GNGo out the discharge capacity control signal q of variable hydraulic motor by its internal control algorithm computation
mAnd output, regulate its discharge capacity by the stroking mechanism of variable hydraulic motor, thereby make the rated speed n of the invariablenes turning speed of variable hydraulic motor at magneto alternator
GN, and then make magneto alternator send the electric energy of constant frequency, realize the constant frequency running of magneto alternator.
Two, a kind of based on hydraulicdriven current power generation variable-speed constant-frequency apparatus:
The main shaft of impeller and the main shaft of volume adjustable hydraulic pump are linked to each other, volume adjustable hydraulic pump is connected with fuel tank with oil filter by oil pipe, the outlet attachment security valve of oil filter, the hydraulic oil of volume adjustable hydraulic pump output inserts accumulator and variable hydraulic motor through oil filter and unidirectional valve, inlet at accumulator is installed break valve, the main shaft of variable hydraulic motor directly links to each other with the main shaft of magneto alternator, and magneto alternator directly links to each other with electrical network; The PLC controller is electrically connected with wheel speed transducer, generator speed transducer, flow sensor, volume adjustable hydraulic pump and variable hydraulic motor respectively.
The present invention compares the beneficial effect that has with background technology:
1. compare speed-changing constant frequency method based on electric, make the changed speed operation of power generation device from sea current and the output of its energy transmit more steady based on hydraulicdriven speed-changing constant frequency method, be subjected to the shock effect of ocean current littler, be particularly useful for the power generation device from sea current of horizontal shaft type.
2. adopt the discharge capacity of volume adjustable hydraulic pump and variable hydraulic motor to regulate the variable speed constant frequency running that realizes power generation device from sea current, simple and reliable, energy loses less in transmittance process, makes electricity generation system have higher efficient.
3. the required device of the inventive method is simple, and generator adopts common magneto alternator, and can be placed on the sea level, and its output electric energy can directly be connected to the grid, and has saved convertor equipment, makes the electrical system of power generation device from sea current simple and reliable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the fundamental diagram of PLC controller.
Fig. 3 is the relation curve between the energy capture rate of the tip speed ratio value of impeller and impeller.
Among the figure: 1, impeller, 2, the wheel speed transducer, 3, flow sensor, 4, volume adjustable hydraulic pump, 5, oil filter, 6, safety valve, 7, unidirectional valve, 8, break valve, 9, accumulator, 10, variable hydraulic motor, 11, fuel tank, 12, the generator speed transducer, 13, magneto alternator, 14, electrical network, 15, the PLC controller
The ocean current flow velocity signal of v-flow sensor output, λ
OptThe best tip speed ratio value of-impeller
n
OptThe optimum speed signal of-impeller, n
yThe wheel speed signal of-wheel speed transducer output
n
YeThe speed error signal of-impeller, q
pThe discharge capacity control signal of-volume adjustable hydraulic pump
n
GNThe rated speed value of-magneto alternator, n
gThe generator speed signal of-generator speed transducer output
n
GeThe speed error signal of-generator, q
mThe discharge capacity control signal of-variable hydraulic motor
C
PThe energy capture rate of-impeller, C
PmaxThe maximum energy capture rate of-impeller
The tip speed ratio value of λ-impeller
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention links to each other the main shaft of impeller 1 and the main shaft of volume adjustable hydraulic pump 4, volume adjustable hydraulic pump 4 is connected with fuel tank 11 with oil filter 5 by oil pipe, the outlet attachment security valve 6 of oil filter 5, the hydraulic oil of volume adjustable hydraulic pump 4 outputs inserts accumulator 9 and variable hydraulic motor 10 through oil filter 5 and unidirectional valve 7, inlet at accumulator 9 is installed break valve 8, the main shaft of variable hydraulic motor 10 directly links to each other with the main shaft of magneto alternator 13, and magneto alternator 13 directly links to each other with electrical network 14; On the main shaft of the main shaft of impeller 1 and magneto alternator 13, speed probe 2,12 is installed respectively, flow sensor 3 is installed on the rotational plane of impeller 1, and PLC controller 15 is electrically connected with wheel speed transducer 2, generator speed transducer 12, flow sensor 3, volume adjustable hydraulic pump 4 and variable hydraulic motor 10 respectively.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention measures the rotation speed n of the flow velocity v and the impeller 1 of ocean current respectively with flow sensor 3 and wheel speed transducer 2
y, input PLC controller 15, PLC controller 15 is according to the flow velocity v of ocean current and the best tip speed ratio value λ of impeller
OptCalculate the optimum speed n of impeller
Opt, then according to the optimum speed n of impeller
OptRotation speed n with impeller
yCalculate the discharge capacity control signal q of volume adjustable hydraulic pump 4 by its inner control algolithm
pAnd output, regulate its discharge capacity by the stroking mechanism of volume adjustable hydraulic pump 4, and then change the reaction torque on volume adjustable hydraulic pump 4 main shafts, thereby change the rotating speed of impeller 1, realize the changed speed operation of impeller 1.
Measure the rotation speed n of magneto alternator 13 with generator speed transducer 12
g, input PLC controller 15, PLC controller 15 is according to rotation speed n
gRated speed n with magneto alternator 13
GNGo out the discharge capacity control signal q of variable hydraulic motor 10 by its internal control algorithm computation
mAnd output, regulate its discharge capacity by the stroking mechanism of variable hydraulic motor 10, thereby make the rated speed n of the invariablenes turning speed of variable hydraulic motor 10 at magneto alternator 13
GN, and then make magneto alternator 13 send the electric energy of constant frequency, realize the constant frequency running of magneto alternator 13.
Principle of the present invention is as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, the impeller 1 of horizontal shaft type produces lift and rotates under the impact flow of ocean current, catch energy by ocean current and convert mechanical energy to.Impeller directly drives volume adjustable hydraulic pump 4 and rotates, and mechanical energy is inputed to Hydraulic Power Transmission System, and volume adjustable hydraulic pump sucks low pressure oil from fuel tank, has the hydraulic oil of certain pressure and flow from its delivery outlet output.The hydraulic oil of volume adjustable hydraulic pump 4 outputs flows into storage in the accumulator 9 through oil filter 5 and unidirectional valve 7 parts, part flows into variable hydraulic motor 10 rotates the hydraulic motor main shaft, thereby directly drive magneto alternator 13 runnings, can convert the hydraulic pressure of Hydraulic Power Transmission System to mechanical energy, generator converts mechanical energy to electric energy again and exports electrical network to.The outlet of oil filter 5 safety valve 6 in parallel, the restriction system hypertonia.The unidirectional valve 7 of oil filter 5 outlets can prevent that the fluid of accumulator 9 and hydraulic motor 10 from flowing to hydraulic pump.The break valve 8 that accumulator 9 inlets are installed can seal hydraulic oil liquid when system installs and keep in repair.
The tip speed ratio value λ of impeller=2 π n
yR/60v, wherein n
yBe the rotating speed of impeller, R is the radius of impeller, and v is the flow velocity of ocean current.When the stagger angle of blade fixedly the time, the energy capture rate C of impeller
PAnd have a kind of nonlinear relation between the tip speed ratio value λ of impeller (ratio of the linear velocity of impeller blade tip and ocean current flow velocity), and as shown in Figure 3, when tip speed ratio λ equals best tip speed ratio λ
OptThe time, the energy capture rate C of impeller
PCan get maximum C
Pmax, this moment, impeller can be caught energy by ocean current the biglyyest.So when the flow velocity of ocean current changes, change the rotating speed of impeller below nominal flow rate, make impeller keep best tip speed ratio λ
OptTurn round, just can make the energy capture rate C of impeller
PKeep maximum, thereby catch energy by ocean current the biglyyest.And when the flow velocity of ocean current changes, wish that the power that impeller is caught does not change with the variation of flow velocity more than nominal flow rate, and keep the specified power of catching, at this moment can change tip speed ratio λ by the rotating speed of regulating impeller equally, make the energy capture rate C of impeller
pThereby change make impeller catch power invariability at rated value.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, on the main shaft of the main shaft of impeller 1 and magneto alternator 13, speed probe 2,12 is installed respectively, flow sensor 3 is installed on the rotational plane of impeller 1, add the PLC controller 15 of a storage control program.With the flow velocity signal v of flow sensor measures ocean current, input PLC controller, the PLC controller is according to the best tip speed ratio value λ of impeller
OptCalculate the optimum speed signal n of impeller with the flow velocity signal v of ocean current
Opt, the best tip speed ratio value λ of impeller operation wherein
OptFor being stored in the constant in the PLC controller, this computational process is finished by the impeller optimum speed calculation procedure that is stored in the PLC controller.Rotation speed n with wheel speed sensor measurement impeller
yInput to the PLC controller, the PLC controller is according to the optimum speed signal n of impeller
OptRotation speed n with impeller
yCalculate the speed error signal n of impeller
Ye, calculate the discharge capacity control signal q of volume adjustable hydraulic pump then by the digital PID control algolithm of PLC controller storage inside
p, and by the output of PLC controller, by the stroking mechanism regulated variable pump delivery of volume adjustable hydraulic pump.And the reaction torque T on the volume adjustable hydraulic pump main shaft
p=p
pq
p/ 2 π, wherein p
pBe delivery side of pump pressure, by the load decision of system, and the load of system can be considered constant, q
pBe the discharge capacity of volume adjustable hydraulic pump, so regulated variable hydraulic pressure pump delivery q
pJust can change the reaction torque T on the volume adjustable hydraulic pump main shaft
p, and then change the rotating speed of impeller indirectly, realize the changed speed operation of impeller.More than control impeller by the discharge capacity of regulator solution press pump rotating speed only to the low frequency component response of ocean current flow velocity, the high fdrequency component of flow velocity is not responded, the energy hunting that the flow velocity high fdrequency component causes relaxes by accumulator.When flow velocity increased at short notice, accumulator got up unnecessary store energy, and when flow velocity reduced, accumulator discharged energy, made power output reach desirable state.
When magneto alternator and electrical network are in parallel, require the frequency of electric energy frequency that magneto alternator sends and electrical network consistent, this step generator of will seeking common ground is with its rated speed running.As shown in Figure 1, 2, in the inventive method, with the rotation speed n of generator speed sensor measurement generator
g, input PLC controller, the PLC controller is according to the rated speed value n of the magneto alternator of its storage inside
GNGenerator speed n with input
gCalculate the speed error signal n of generator
Ge, and according to this deviation signal n
GeCalculate the discharge capacity control signal q of variable hydraulic motor by the digital PID control algolithm of PLC controller storage inside
m, and from PLC controller output, the discharge capacity of the stroking mechanism regulated variable hydraulic motor by variable hydraulic motor.And the rotation speed n of variable hydraulic motor
m=60Q
mη
V/ q
m, Q wherein
mFor flowing into the fluid flow of hydraulic motor, along with impeller is caught the size of power and changed η
VVolumetric efficiency for hydraulic motor can be considered constant, q
mBe the discharge capacity of hydraulic motor, so as the fluid flow Q that flows into hydraulic motor
mDuring variation, by the discharge capacity q of regulated variable hydraulic motor
mJust can be so that the rotation speed n of variable hydraulic motor
mConstant, remain the rated speed value n of magneto alternator
GN, and then make magneto alternator send the electric energy of constant frequency, realize the constant frequency running of magneto alternator.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of based on hydraulicdriven current power generation speed-changing constant frequency method, it is characterized in that:
1) with the main shaft of the mechanical energy input variable hydraulic pump of impeller, the hydraulic oil of volume adjustable hydraulic pump output is inserted accumulator and variable hydraulic motor through oil filter and unidirectional valve, thereby driving variable hydraulic motor rotates, again the mechanical energy of variable hydraulic motor output is imported the main shaft of magneto alternator, on the main shaft of the main shaft of impeller and magneto alternator, speed probe is installed respectively, on the rotational plane of impeller, flow sensor is installed, the PLC controller of storage control program respectively with the wheel speed transducer, the generator speed transducer, flow sensor, volume adjustable hydraulic pump and variable hydraulic motor are electrically connected;
2) measure the flow velocity v of ocean current and the rotation speed n of impeller respectively with flow sensor and wheel speed transducer
y, input PLC controller, the PLC controller is according to the flow velocity v of ocean current and the best tip speed ratio value λ of impeller
OptCalculate the optimum speed n of impeller
Opt, the best tip speed ratio value λ of impeller wherein
OptFor being stored in the constant in the PLC controller, then according to the optimum speed n of impeller
OptRotation speed n with impeller
yCalculate the discharge capacity control signal q of volume adjustable hydraulic pump by its inner control algolithm
pAnd output, regulate its discharge capacity by the stroking mechanism of volume adjustable hydraulic pump, and then change the reaction torque on the volume adjustable hydraulic pump main shaft, thereby change the rotating speed of impeller, realize the changed speed operation of impeller;
3) rotation speed n of usefulness generator speed sensor measurement magneto alternator
g, input PLC controller, the PLC controller is according to rotation speed n
gRated speed n with magneto alternator
GNGo out the discharge capacity control signal q of variable hydraulic motor by its internal control algorithm computation
mAnd output, regulate its discharge capacity by the stroking mechanism of variable hydraulic motor, thereby make the rated speed n of the invariablenes turning speed of variable hydraulic motor at magneto alternator
GN, and then make magneto alternator send the electric energy of constant frequency, realize the constant frequency running of magneto alternator.
2, be used for the described a kind of device of claim 1 based on hydraulicdriven current power generation speed-changing constant frequency method, it is characterized in that: the main shaft of impeller (1) and the main shaft of volume adjustable hydraulic pump (4) are linked to each other, volume adjustable hydraulic pump (4) is connected with fuel tank (11) with oil filter (5) by oil pipe, the outlet attachment security valve (6) of oil filter (5), the hydraulic oil of volume adjustable hydraulic pump (4) output inserts accumulator (9) and variable hydraulic motor (10) through oil filter (5) and unidirectional valve (7), inlet at accumulator (9) is installed break valve (8), the main shaft of variable hydraulic motor (10) directly links to each other with the main shaft of magneto alternator (13), and magneto alternator (13) directly links to each other with electrical network (14); PLC controller (15) is electrically connected with wheel speed transducer (2), generator speed transducer (12), flow sensor (3), volume adjustable hydraulic pump (4) and variable hydraulic motor (10) respectively.
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| KR20120027379A (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2012-03-21 | 아틀란티스 리소시스 코포레이션 피티이 리미티드 | Improvements to control of underwater turbine |
| AU2010312315B2 (en) | 2009-10-27 | 2013-05-23 | Atlantis Resources Corporation Pte Limited | Underwater power generator |
| CN101871416A (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2010-10-27 | 浙江大学 | Marine fluid kinetic energy integrated generating system |
| CN102403944B (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2014-01-15 | 浙江大学 | Variable speed constant frequency method for wind power generation and device thereof |
| CN103075294B (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2015-02-11 | 浙江大学 | Off-grid ocean current energy power generation device and control method thereof |
| CN111997814A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-11-27 | 宁波奥克斯电气股份有限公司 | Hydraulic power generation system |
| CN115030858B (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2023-05-16 | 西安交通大学 | Distributed ocean current energy water turbine control power generation system based on intelligent optimization of clusters |
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