CN115000996A - Battery energy storage system SOC balance control method based on droop control - Google Patents
Battery energy storage system SOC balance control method based on droop control Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a droop control-based battery energy storage system SOC balance control method. Firstly, constructing an alternating current micro-grid system with a plurality of energy storage converters connected in parallel; secondly, acquiring three-phase output voltage and three-phase output current of each energy storage converter to obtain output active power and output reactive power of the corresponding energy storage converter; then, calculating an adjusting frequency and an adjusting voltage value by improving droop control; and finally, obtaining the inductive current of the alternating current side of each energy storage converter, adopting voltage and current double-loop regulation and control according to the inductive current, the three-phase output voltage and the regulated voltage value, and obtaining the modulated wave of each energy storage converter through pulse width modulation. In the invention, each energy storage converter only needs to consider the energy storage unit information corresponding to the direct current side, so that the characteristic of droop control is met; and the balance of the energy storage batteries in the charging state of the energy storage converter is considered, and the consistency of the energy storage batteries in the grid-connected state and the off-grid state is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro-grid battery energy storage system control, in particular to a droop control-based battery energy storage system SOC balance control method.
Background
Along with the increasing exhaustion of traditional Energy Sources and the continuous pollution to the environment, governments of various countries increase the attention on the sustainable development of economy, and Renewable Energy Sources (RES) such as photovoltaic and wind power have the advantages of small pollution to the environment, low power generation cost, good installation and configuration flexibility in the power generation process, and wide attention and rapid development in recent years. However, because the RES power generation has intermittency and volatility, an energy storage system is generally installed in the microgrid to ensure stability and reliability of load power supply. However, in the energy storage system, the energy storage batteries are influenced by the restriction of the preparation process, the single batteries are inconsistent, and the difference is amplified by the factors such as the working environment temperature, the discharge efficiency, the influence of a protection circuit on the battery pack and the like in the use process, particularly, the energy storage batteries in the existing battery energy storage system are mostly stepped batteries and are large in number, and the inconsistency causes circulation loss and a short plate effect and particularly jeopardizes the safety and reliability of the system.
In the prior art, an improved droop control is mostly adopted for realizing battery consistency control in a battery energy storage system, for example, a patent (with the authorization number of CN 111244931B) proposes a State of Charge (SOC) self-balancing control method for parallel operation of multiple energy storage modules, and output power balancing of each parallel energy storage module and SOC balancing of energy storage batteries are realized by introducing SOC into droop control, but each energy storage module needs to acquire SOC of all energy storage batteries, and the communication-free characteristic of droop control is lost. For example, a patent (publication number CN 113507151 a) proposes an SOC cooperative control method applied to multiple energy storage units, which utilizes a dynamic consistency algorithm of sparse communication to realize information interaction of multiple energy storage units in a large scale, and although the communication range is reduced, only information needs to be acquired between adjacent energy storage units, communication still exists, and meanwhile, the patent realizes SOC balance control of energy storage batteries by adding SOC and battery capacity in droop control, but only can realize SOC balance between two energy storage batteries when the battery capacities are different. In addition, the SOC balance of the energy storage battery in the discharging state is only considered in the above technology, and the battery charging state is not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the technology, the invention provides the droop control-based battery energy storage system SOC balance control method, which not only has the advantage of no communication in droop control, but also can realize the battery energy storage system SOC balance under different battery capacities and a rectification state.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the invention comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing an alternating current micro-grid system with a plurality of energy storage converters connected in parallel:
the alternating-current micro-grid system comprises n energy storage converters, alternating-current sides of the energy storage converters are connected in parallel and connected with an alternating-current power grid through a grid-connected and off-grid switch SS1, and direct-current sides of the energy storage converters are connected with a battery cluster respectively;
step two: acquiring three-phase output voltage and three-phase output current of each energy storage converter, and calculating power to obtain output active power and output reactive power of the corresponding energy storage converter;
step three: obtaining the SOC, the maximum available capacity and the output voltage of each direct-current side battery cluster, and obtaining an adjusting frequency and an adjusting voltage value by improving droop control according to the SOC, the maximum available capacity, the output voltage, the output active power and the output reactive power of the battery clusters;
step four: and obtaining the inductive current of the alternating current side of each energy storage converter, adopting voltage and current dual-loop regulation and control according to the inductive current, the three-phase output voltage and the regulated voltage value, wherein the inner loop is inductive current, the outer loop is load voltage control, and obtaining the modulated wave of each energy storage converter through pulse width modulation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the SOC, the maximum available capacity and the voltage of each battery cluster are obtained, the improved droop control is adopted, the adjusting frequency and the adjusting voltage value of each energy storage converter are determined, the active power output by each energy storage converter is controlled, the reasonable distribution of the power is realized, the energy storage converter with a high SOC of the battery cluster is high in output power, the energy storage converter with a low SOC is low in output power, namely, the battery cluster with a high SOC discharges more, the battery cluster with a low SOC discharges less, the SOC balance is finally realized at a certain moment, and the circulation and the inconsistency are eliminated. In the prior art, each energy storage converter needs to acquire the information of all energy storage units based on SOC balance, information interaction exists among the energy storage converters, and the advantage of no communication in droop control is lost; and the balance of the energy storage battery in the charging state of the energy storage converter is considered, and the consistency of the energy storage battery in the grid-connected state and the off-grid state is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an energy storage converter operation control strategy of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of the improved droop control of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below by way of specific examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Taking a parallel energy storage converter as an example, as shown in fig. 1, the energy storage system comprises n energy storage converters, wherein the alternating current sides of the energy storage converters are arranged in parallel and connected with an alternating current power grid through a grid-connected and grid-disconnected switch SS1, and the direct current sides of the energy storage converters are respectively connected with an energy storage cluster; the battery cluster is formed by connecting a plurality of battery cores in series and in parallel.
Based on the energy storage system, the droop control-based battery energy storage system SOC equalization control method of the invention is shown in fig. 2:
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining three-phase output voltage u of each energy storage converter abc And three-phase output current i abc Obtaining the output active power P of the corresponding energy storage converter through power calculation i And output reactive power Q i ；
Step two: obtaining the SOC of each DC side battery cluster i Maximum available capacity C Ni And an output voltage v bati According to the SOC of the battery cluster i Maximum available capacity C Ni Output voltage v bati And output active power P i And output reactive power Q i Obtaining the regulation frequency f by improving droop control i And regulating the voltage value U i ；
And correspondingly adjusting the output power of the energy storage converters according to the adjusting frequency and the adjusting voltage of each energy storage converter, so that the corresponding energy storage converter with a high battery cluster SOC has more output power, the corresponding energy storage converter with a low battery cluster SOC has less output power, and the SOC consistency is realized by controlling the magnitude of the output current.
Preferably, the block diagram of the improved droop control is shown in fig. 3, and the principle expression specifically includes the following:
wherein i represents the number of energy storage converters, and i is 1,2,3.. n; f. of i Indicating the regulating frequency of the ith energy storage converter; f. of n Represents a nominal frequency; p i The active power of the ith energy storage converter is represented; v. of bati The voltage of the direct current side of the ith energy storage converter is represented; g i Represents the equalization factor, U i The regulated voltage value of the ith energy storage converter is represented; u shape n Represents a rated voltage value; q i The reactive power output by the ith energy storage converter is represented; k P And K Q Show the improvementDroop coefficients for droop control methods.
At an equalization factor G i In the expression, SOC i Representing the state of charge, SOC, of the battery cluster corresponding to the ith energy storage converter min 20% is taken as the limit value of the discharge of the battery cluster; c Ni The maximum available capacity of a battery cluster corresponding to the ith energy storage converter is represented; t represents the time of maximum rate charge and discharge within a safe range.
Preferably, the second method step specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, obtaining SOC of each battery cluster i Maximum available capacity C Ni When the energy storage converter works in an inversion state (the battery clusters supply power to the load), the SOC of each battery cluster is determined according to the SOC of each battery cluster i Maximum available capacity C Ni Battery pack discharge limit SOC min Calculating the time T of maximum multiplying power charging and discharging within the safety range to obtain a discharging balance factor G i ；
When the energy storage converter works in a rectification state (the battery clusters are charged by the alternating current power grid), the SOC of each battery cluster is determined i Maximum available capacity C Ni Calculating the maximum multiplying power charging and discharging time T in the safety range to obtain a charging equalization factor G i ；
Step S2: obtaining the output voltage v of a battery cluster bati According to the output voltage v of the battery cluster bati Equalising factor G i Active power P i And reactive power Q i Calculating to obtain the adjusting frequency f i And regulating the voltage U i ；
Step S3: according to the regulating frequency f i And regulating the voltage U i Obtaining a d-axis given voltage component v through voltage synthesis and conversion processing dref And q-axis given voltage component v qref 。
Step three: obtaining the inductive current i of the AC side of each energy storage converter Labci According to the inductor current i Labci Three-phase output voltage u abci And a given voltage component v dref 、v qref The voltage and current are regulated and controlled by a double loop, the inner loop is inductive current, the outer loop is load voltage control, and each energy storage conversion is obtained by pulse width modulationModulating a wave by a modulator;
preferably, the third step of the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, acquiring three-phase output voltage u of each energy storage converter abci And the inductor current i Labci Adjusting the frequency f in dependence on the droop control i Phase angle theta obtained by conversion i The three-phase output voltage u is converted into abci And the inductor current i Labci D-axis output voltage component u is obtained through dq conversion processing d Q-axis output voltage component u q And d-axis inductor current component i Ld Q-axis inductor current component i Lq ；
Step S2, the d-axis is given a voltage component v dref With said d-axis output voltage component u d Making a difference, the q axis giving a voltage component v qref With said q-axis output voltage component u q Performing difference, and obtaining a d-axis adjusting current reference value and a q-axis adjusting current reference through proportional-integral adjustment;
step S3, making a difference between the d-axis adjusting current reference value and the d-axis inductive current component, making a difference between the q-axis adjusting current reference value and the q-axis inductive current component, and obtaining a d-axis first adjusting component and a q-axis first adjusting component through proportional-integral adjustment and decoupling;
and step S4, performing inverse transformation on the d-axis first regulating component and the q-axis first regulating component to obtain three-phase regulating voltage of the energy storage converter, and controlling the energy storage converter to operate through pulse width modulation.
Claims (4)
1. A droop control-based battery energy storage system SOC balance control method is applied to a micro-grid with a plurality of energy storage converters running in parallel, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing an alternating current micro-grid system with a plurality of energy storage converters connected in parallel:
the alternating-current micro-grid system comprises n energy storage converters, the alternating-current sides of the energy storage converters are arranged in parallel and connected with an alternating-current power grid through a grid-connected and grid-disconnected switch SS1, and the direct-current sides of the energy storage converters are connected with a battery cluster respectively;
step two: acquiring three-phase output voltage and three-phase output current of each energy storage converter, and obtaining output active power and output reactive power of the corresponding energy storage converter through power calculation;
step three: obtaining the SOC, the maximum available capacity and the output voltage of each direct-current side battery cluster, and obtaining an adjusting frequency and an adjusting voltage value by improving droop control according to the SOC, the maximum available capacity, the output voltage, the output active power and the output reactive power of the battery clusters;
step four: and obtaining the inductive current of the alternating current side of each energy storage converter, adopting voltage and current dual-loop regulation and control according to the inductive current, the three-phase output voltage and the regulated voltage value, wherein the inner loop is inductive current, the outer loop is load voltage control, and obtaining the modulated wave of each energy storage converter through pulse width modulation.
2. The droop control-based SOC balance control method of the battery energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the droop control-based SOC balance control method comprises the following steps: the third step specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, obtaining the SOC and the maximum available capacity of each battery cluster, and when the energy storage converter works in an inversion state, according to the SOC, the maximum available capacity and the discharge limit value SOC of each battery cluster min Calculating the time of maximum multiplying power charge and discharge within a safety range to obtain a discharge balance factor;
when the energy storage converter works in a rectification state, calculating according to the SOC of each battery cluster, the maximum available capacity and the time of maximum multiplying power charge and discharge in a safety range to obtain a charge equalization factor;
step S2: acquiring output voltage of the battery cluster, and calculating according to the output voltage of the battery cluster, balance factors, active power and reactive power to obtain adjusting frequency and adjusting voltage;
step S3: and according to the adjusting frequency and the adjusting voltage, obtaining a d-axis given voltage component and a q-axis given voltage component through voltage synthesis and conversion processing.
3. The droop control-based SOC balance control method of claim 2, wherein the droop control-based SOC balance control method comprises the following steps: the expression for improving droop control is specifically as follows:
when the energy storage converter works in a rectification state:
f i ＝f n -K P (P i -G i v bati )
U i ＝U n -K Q Q i
when the energy storage converter works in an inversion state:
f i ＝f n -K P (P i -G i v bati )
U i ＝U n -K Q Q i
wherein i represents the number of energy storage converters, f i Indicating the regulation frequency, f, of the i-th energy-storage converter n Indicating nominal frequency, P i Representing the active power, v, of the i-th energy-storage converter bati Representing the voltage on the DC side of the i-th energy storage converter, G i Represents the equalization factor, U i Indicating the regulated voltage value, U, of the ith energy-storing converter n Indicating rated voltage value, Q i Indicating the reactive power, K, output by the i-th energy-storage converter P And K Q Indicating droop coefficient, SOC, in improved droop control i Representing the state of charge, SOC, of the battery cluster corresponding to the ith energy storage converter min Representing the limit of discharge of the battery cluster, C Ni And T represents the maximum available capacity of the battery cluster corresponding to the ith energy storage converter, and the time of maximum multiplying power charge and discharge in a safety range.
4. The droop control-based SOC balance control method for the battery energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the fourth step specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, acquiring output voltage and inductive current of the AC side of each energy storage converter, and carrying out dq conversion processing on the three-phase output voltage and the inductive current according to the angular frequency obtained by droop control to obtain a d-axis output voltage component, a q-axis output voltage component, a d-axis inductive current component and a q-axis inductive current component;
step S2, subtracting the d-axis given voltage component from the d-axis voltage component, subtracting the q-axis given voltage component from the q-axis voltage component, and performing proportional-integral regulation to obtain a d-axis regulating current reference value and a q-axis regulating current reference value;
step S3, making a difference between the d-axis adjusting current reference value and the d-axis inductive current component, making a difference between the q-axis adjusting current reference value and the q-axis inductive current component, and obtaining a d-axis first adjusting component and a q-axis first adjusting component through proportional-integral adjustment and decoupling;
and step S4, performing inverse transformation on the d-axis first regulating component and the q-axis first regulating component to obtain three-phase regulating voltage of the energy storage converter, and controlling the energy storage converter to operate through pulse width modulation.
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| CN118074195A (en) * | 2024-04-17 | 2024-05-24 | 川开电气有限公司 | Distributed energy storage converter integrated system and power distribution method thereof |
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