CN116760109B - Comprehensive regulation and control system for distributed photovoltaic power grid connection - Google Patents
Comprehensive regulation and control system for distributed photovoltaic power grid connection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a comprehensive regulation and control system for grid connection of a distributed photovoltaic power supply, which is arranged on a grid connection point of the photovoltaic power supply connected with a power grid and connected with the distributed photovoltaic power supply in parallel, and comprises: the system comprises a grid-connected reactor connected with a power grid side, a grid-connected inverter connected with the grid-connected reactor, a hybrid energy storage unit connected with the grid-connected inverter through a bidirectional DC-DC converter and a control module, wherein the control module is respectively connected with a grid-connected point of the power grid, the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the grid-connected inverter. Through the safety constraint on the voltage and the power of the network side and the equipment layer and the corresponding inverse regulation strategy, the electric energy quality problem caused by large-scale grid connection of the photovoltaic power supply can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of grid-connected control of photovoltaic power supplies, in particular to a comprehensive regulation and control system for grid connection of a distributed photovoltaic power supply.
Background
The control of the distribution network with the distributed power supply not only needs to control reactive power, but also needs to adjust active power. Although the traditional static var generator (SVG, also called STATCOM) can dynamically control the reactive power, the control of voltage fluctuation can be realized, but the active regulation can not be realized, and in this case, the active and reactive power adjustable distributed photovoltaic power grid-connected comprehensive regulation and control device based on the energy storage technology can play an important role.
The traditional energy storage technology mostly adopts energy type energy storage devices represented by lead-acid storage batteries, lithium batteries and the like, but the defects of low quick response capacity, low power density and short cycle life of the energy type energy storage devices have adverse effects on improving the power quality of a power distribution network and realizing long-term stable operation. With popularization and application of power type energy storage devices represented by super capacitors, how to comprehensively utilize the characteristics of large power density, high response speed, long cycle life, large energy density and long energy storage time of the power type energy storage devices to calculate the configuration of the hybrid energy storage capacity and design a related control algorithm to realize the grid-connected comprehensive regulation of the distributed photovoltaic power supply is becoming an increasingly interesting problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the main purpose of the application is to solve the technical problems of how to calculate the configuration of the hybrid energy storage capacity and design the related control algorithm to realize the grid-connected comprehensive regulation of the distributed photovoltaic power supply.
The application provides a comprehensive regulation and control system for grid connection of a distributed photovoltaic power supply, which is arranged on a grid connection point of the photovoltaic power supply connected with a power grid and is connected with the distributed photovoltaic power supply in parallel, and comprises: the system comprises a grid-connected reactor connected with a power grid side, a grid-connected inverter connected with the grid-connected reactor, a hybrid energy storage unit connected with the grid-connected inverter through a bidirectional DC-DC converter and a control module, wherein the control module is respectively connected with a grid-connected point of the power grid, the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the grid-connected inverter;
the capacity configuration method of the hybrid energy storage unit comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting weather condition data of a place where a distributed photovoltaic power supply is located, and drawing a daily radiant energy estimated curve based on a BP neural networkIf->For photovoltaic array area, +.>For photovoltaic module conversion efficiency, < >>The solar power output estimation curve of the photovoltaic power supply is the performance attenuation coefficient of the photovoltaic power supply after long-term operation>The expression of (2) is:；
step 2, calculating a daily predicted load demand curve according to the grid structure and the load type of the grid-connected position of the photovoltaic power supplyAt the same time, the average compensation power of the grid-side history contemporaneous is extracted +.>To obtain the capacity power reference value +.>Said capacity power reference value->The expression of (2) is:；
step 3, repeating the step 2 to obtain capacity power reference values which are to be configured on different dates all the year around of the hybrid energy storage unit in the comprehensive regulation and control system, and taking the maximum value of the capacity power reference values which are to be configured on different dates all the year aroundConfiguration capacity power reference value +.>；
Step 4, calculating the configuration capacity of the storage battery when the maximum economic benefit is achieved by using the peak-valley price difference at the grid connection position, and defining the power of the storage battery as，/>Represents the grid power supply electricity price at time t +.>The power difference +.f. at time t is represented by the electricity price of the photovoltaic power generation network at time t>For the power difference between photovoltaic power supply, hybrid energy storage and load at time t without taking into account the grid compensation power, +.>And (3) paving cost for corresponding storage battery packs under different powers, wherein the photovoltaic power generation benefit function is as follows:
，
，
calculating corresponding reference capacity of the storage battery according to the maximum photovoltaic power generation benefit function value；
Step 5, comparing the configuration capacity power reference value of the hybrid energy storage unitAnd storage battery reference capacity->If (if)</>The capacity of the battery pack is configured as +.>The capacity of the super capacitor is configured as +.>If->>/>The capacity of the battery pack is configured as +.>The capacity of the super capacitor is configured as +.>。
In some embodiments of the present application, the grid-connected inverter is a two-level three-phase four-leg structure, and the two-level three-phase four-leg structure includes a filter capacitorA power switching tube assembly.
In some embodiments of the present application, the power switching tube assembly includes a first power switching tube Q1, a second power switching tube Q2, a third power switching tube Q3, a fourth power switching tube Q4, a fifth power switching tube Q5, a sixth power switching tube Q6, a seventh power switching tube Q7, and an eighth power switching tube Q8.
In some embodiments of the application, the signal acquisition link and the conditioning link in the control module are based on instantaneous reactive power theoryThe detection method obtains and calculates the instantaneous active power, reactive power, three-phase unbalance and compensation current of the grid-connected point;
and the control module jointly controls the conduction of each power switching tube in the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the grid-connected inverter based on SVPWM with PI double closed loop decoupling.
In some embodiments of the present application, the charge and discharge control strategy of the hybrid energy storage unit is: comprehensively considering charge level of energy storage deviceSelf-discharge rate->Equivalent cycle times of the battery pack->Grid-connected point power peak Gu Chafu value->Amplitude of voltage fluctuation->Grid electricity price->Degree of voltage imbalance->Harmonic distortion rate->And obtaining an optimal power distribution strategy meeting preset constraint conditions through optimizing iteration by applying a multi-objective gray wolf optimization algorithm.
In some embodiments of the present application, the expression of the preset constraint is:
，
in the method, in the process of the application,to ensure a minimum charge level at which the energy storage device can be operated for a long time, < >>To ensure the maximum charge level at which the energy storage device can be operated for a long time, < >>For the grid-tie point power fluctuation safe operating range threshold,threshold value of safe operation range for voltage fluctuation of grid-connected point, < + >>Setting a threshold value for the voltage imbalance, +.>Is a photovoltaic power generation benefit function.
According to the comprehensive regulation and control system for the grid connection of the distributed photovoltaic power supply, provided by the application, the hybrid energy storage capacity is determined by comprehensively considering the smooth grid connection and economic indexes of the distributed photovoltaic power supply, the power fluctuation, the voltage unbalance degree and the harmonic condition of the grid connection point are acquired and dynamically calculated based on the instantaneous reactive power theory, under the preset grid connection point power and voltage safety and stability operation constraint, the charge-discharge distribution strategy of the storage battery pack and the super capacitor is optimized through the multi-target gray wolves, the rapid comprehensive treatment of the grid connection point power quality of the distributed photovoltaic power supply is realized, and the power quality problem caused by the large-scale grid connection of the photovoltaic power supply can be improved through the safety constraint of the grid side and equipment level voltage and the power and the corresponding inverse regulation strategy.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a distribution network structure of a comprehensive regulation system for grid connection of a distributed photovoltaic power supply according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a topology of a comprehensive control system for grid connection of a distributed photovoltaic power supply according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a capacity configuration of a hybrid energy storage unit of a comprehensive regulation system for grid connection of a distributed photovoltaic power supply according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a charge-discharge control strategy of a hybrid energy storage unit of a comprehensive regulation system for grid connection of a distributed photovoltaic power supply according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the application and are not limiting of the application. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present application are shown in the drawings. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a distribution network structure diagram of a comprehensive regulation system for distributed photovoltaic power grid connection with a distributed photovoltaic power. In order to make up for the randomness of the output of the distributed photovoltaic power supply, the comprehensive regulation and control system is connected with the photovoltaic power supply in parallel to regulate the output power, and meanwhile, the method can be used for solving the distribution network power quality problems caused by large-scale distributed photovoltaic grid connection such as grid-connected point voltage fluctuation, three-phase imbalance, harmonic distortion and the like.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the topology of a comprehensive regulation system for grid connection of distributed photovoltaic power sources. The comprehensive regulation system is arranged on a grid connection point of the photovoltaic power supply connected with the power grid and is connected with the distributed photovoltaic power supply in parallel, and the comprehensive regulation system comprises a grid-connected reactor, a super capacitor module and a control module, and can also connect a storage battery pack or a newly built distributed photovoltaic power supply into the system in series through a mode selection switch. The power grid side is connected with a fixed grid-connected reactor, then the grid-connected inverter with three-phase four-bridge arms is used for realizing the AC-DC conversion in two directions, the DC loop converted by the inverter is connected with the super capacitor through the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the bidirectional DC-DC converter is used for regulating the charge and discharge power of the super capacitor, the storage battery is connected with the control module through a connecting wire, the switching and the power control between the super capacitor and the storage battery are realized by the control module based on an optimal distribution strategy, the photovoltaic access module is a newly-built distributed photovoltaic power supply positioned near the device, the distributed photovoltaic is connected with the comprehensive regulation and control system after being converged, and the output of the newly-built photovoltaic power supply can be subjected to networking regulation, so that the group regulation and group control function is realized. The switching action between the variable modules is completed by the selector switch under the command signal sent by the control module. The control module comprises five links of signal acquisition, signal conditioning, a control host, driving and communication. Wherein, communication adopts VPN private network communication, improves communication efficiency, ensures the rapidity and the validity of comprehensive regulation and control.
Specifically, the integrated regulation system includes: the system comprises a grid-connected reactor connected with a power grid side, a grid-connected inverter connected with the grid-connected reactor, a hybrid energy storage unit connected with the grid-connected inverter through a bidirectional DC-DC converter and a control module, wherein the control module is respectively connected with the grid-connected point of the power grid, the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the grid-connected inverter.
The signal acquisition and conditioning links in the control module detect and calculate the active power and reactive power of the grid-connected point, the three-phase imbalance and the harmonic compensation current based on the instantaneous reactive power theory. Collecting A-phase voltage at grid-connected pointThe AND/OR can be obtained through a phase-locked loop (PLL) and a sine/cosine signal generator>In phase->Sinusoidal signal sum->A cosine signal, whereby the sine and cosine signals can generate a coordinate transformation matrix C:
，
simultaneous three-phase currentObtaining two-phase instantaneous current +.>The instantaneous active current is obtained after multiplying the two-phase instantaneous current with the coordinate transformation matrix C>And reactive current->According to the formula->Andinstantaneous active and reactive power can be calculated, wherein +.>For vector voltage, +.>And->Obtaining instantaneous active current DC component +.>And instantaneous reactive current DC component +.>By means of the direct current component of the instantaneous active current +.>And performing inverse transformation and then performing difference with the original three-phase current to obtain the current to be compensated for treating the three-phase unbalance and the harmonic wave. It should be noted that, since the signal acquisition and conditioning links have a certain delay due to device factors, a delay angle needs to be added in the inverse transformation matrix during the inverse transformation to consider the influence of the delay.
Further, the grid-connected inverter adopts a two-level three-phase four-bridge arm structure, and the two-level three-phase four-bridge arm structure comprises a filter capacitorA power switching tube assembly. The power switching tube assembly comprises a first power switching tube Q1, a second power switching tube Q2, a third power switching tube Q3, a fourth power switching tube Q4, a fifth power switching tube Q5, a sixth power switching tube Q6, a seventh power switching tube Q7 and an eighth power switching tube Q8.
After the current value to be compensated is obtained, the control module adopts space vector modulation (SVPWM) to define a plurality of groups of switch states, and controls the on-off of a first power switch tube Q1, a second power switch tube Q2, a third power switch tube Q3, a fourth power switch tube Q4, a fifth power switch tube Q5, a sixth power switch tube Q6, a seventh power switch tube Q7 and an eighth power switch tube Q8 in the grid-connected inverter, so that the stable direct current bus voltage is achieved, grid-connected control is realized, active power is output to a power distribution network, reactive power is regulated, and the three-phase imbalance is treated and the harmonic wave is eliminated.
In the regulating part of the hybrid energy storage unit, the control module is used for comprehensively regulating switching conversion of the super capacitor and the storage battery pack in the system and the bidirectional DC-DC converter in the super capacitor and the storage battery pack so as to achieve the aim of improving the grid-connected economy of the photovoltaic system under the conditions of meeting the requirements of power tracking, reactive power control, harmonic wave control, voltage unbalance treatment, overcharge protection and the like.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a capacity configuration of a hybrid energy storage unit of the integrated regulation system. The capacity configuration method of the hybrid energy storage unit comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting weather condition data of a place where a distributed photovoltaic power supply is located, and drawing a daily radiant energy estimated curve based on a BP neural networkIf->For photovoltaic array area, +.>For photovoltaic module conversion efficiency, < >>The solar power output estimation curve of the photovoltaic power supply is the performance attenuation coefficient of the photovoltaic power supply after long-term operation>The expression of (2) is:；
step 2, calculating a daily predicted load demand curve according to the grid structure and the load type of the grid-connected position of the photovoltaic power supplyAt the same time, the average compensation power of the grid-side history contemporaneous is extracted +.>To obtain the capacity power reference value +.>Said capacity power reference value->The expression of (2) is:；
step 3, repeating the step 2 to obtain capacity power reference values which are to be configured on different dates all the year around of the hybrid energy storage unit in the comprehensive regulation and control system, and taking the maximum value of the capacity power reference values which are to be configured on different dates all the year aroundConfiguration capacity power reference value +.>；
Step 4, calculating the configuration capacity of the storage battery when the maximum economic benefit is achieved by using the peak-valley price difference at the grid connection position, and defining the power of the storage battery as，/>Represents the grid power supply electricity price at time t +.>The power difference +.f. at time t is represented by the electricity price of the photovoltaic power generation network at time t>For the power difference between photovoltaic power supply, hybrid energy storage and load at time t without taking into account the grid compensation power, +.>And (3) paving cost for corresponding storage battery packs under different powers, wherein the photovoltaic power generation benefit function is as follows:
，
，
calculating corresponding reference capacity of the storage battery according to the maximum photovoltaic power generation benefit function value；
Step 5, comparing the configuration capacity power reference value of the hybrid energy storage unitAnd storage battery reference capacity->If (if)</>The capacity of the battery pack is configured as +.>The capacity of the super capacitor is configured as +.>If->>/>The capacity of the battery pack is configured as +.>The capacity of the super capacitor is configured as +.>。
When the hybrid energy storage part formed by the storage battery energy storage and the super capacitor module is used for power tracking, reactive power control and three-phase imbalance treatment, the charge and discharge control comprehensively considers the charge level of the energy storage deviceSelf-discharge rate->Equivalent cycle times of the battery pack->Grid-connected point power peak Gu Chafu value->Amplitude of voltage fluctuation->Grid electricity price->Degree of voltage imbalance->Harmonic distortion rate->And analyzing the hybrid energy storage charge and discharge control method by applying a multi-target gray wolf optimization algorithm. First, the power regulator sub-target: />Grid-connected point voltage regulator sub-target: />Voltage imbalance management sub-objective: />Harmonic cancellation sub-objective: />Economic sub-objective: />Normalization is performed, wherein the economic indicator function +.>On-line electricity price of photovoltaic grid connection is needed to be comprehensively considered>Peak-valley spread of electric network>Self-discharge rate of super capacitor->Self-discharge rate of the battery pack>And charge-discharge cycle unit cost ++considering the battery pack laying cost and the total cycle number>And the like, respectively giving corresponding weights according to the importance degrees of all sub-targets by an analytic hierarchy process, and obtaining an optimal solution which meets the following constraint conditions, namely alpha wolf, by optimizing iteration.
The expression of the preset constraint condition is:
，
in the method, in the process of the application,to ensure a minimum charge level at which the energy storage device can be operated for a long time, < >>To ensure the maximum charge level at which the energy storage device can be operated for a long time, < >>For the grid-connected point power fluctuation safe operation range threshold value, < + >>Threshold value of safe operation range for voltage fluctuation of grid-connected point, < + >>Setting a threshold value for the voltage imbalance, +.>Is a photovoltaic power generation benefit function.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a charge-discharge control strategy of a hybrid energy storage unit of the integrated regulation system. The control method for analyzing and obtaining the adjusting instruction based on the initial information obtained by acquisition and calculation and the preset constraint condition comprises the following steps:
step one, initializing photovoltaic power, load power, unknown number dimension, hybrid energy storage power capacity constraint and the like;
normalizing each sub-objective function, giving corresponding weights to different sub-objectives according to the importance degree and a hierarchical analysis method, then importing known parameters of a model, carrying out random assignment in initialization constraint on the variables to be solved, and initializing convergence factors to be 0 th period;
step three, obtaining constraints such as the position, the charge level and the like of each parameter of the population after random assignment;
step four, solving the normalized objective function to obtain an optimal solution set, selecting an optimal solution (alpha wolf), a suboptimal solution (beta wolf) and a general solution (delta wolf) according to elite strategy, and recording the positions of the optimal solution (alpha wolf), the suboptimal solution (beta wolf) and the general solution (delta wolf);
updating convergence factors after the completion of the solution in the previous step, and updating the positions of other gray wolves under constraint conditions according to the positions of alpha wolves, beta wolves and delta wolves;
step six, calculating normalization solutions of all sub objective functions corresponding to all the gray wolf individuals again, and searching and recording alpha wolf, beta wolf and delta wolf in the normalization solutions again to achieve the purpose of updating the optimal solution;
and step seven, judging whether the values of the alpha wolf, the beta wolf and the delta wolf meet the constraint condition in the maximum period, if so, jumping to the step five for iteration, if not, resetting according to the constraint condition, then transferring to the step five for iteration, and after the iteration times reach the maximum period number, jumping out of the loop and outputting the optimal solution.
What has been described above is merely some embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit of the application.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a comprehensive regulation and control system that distributed photovoltaic power is incorporated into power networks, its characterized in that, comprehensive regulation and control system sets up on the grid-connected point that photovoltaic power inserts the electric wire netting to parallelly connected with distributed photovoltaic power, comprehensive regulation and control system includes: the system comprises a grid-connected reactor connected with a power grid side, a grid-connected inverter connected with the grid-connected reactor, a hybrid energy storage unit connected with the grid-connected inverter through a bidirectional DC-DC converter and a control module, wherein the control module is respectively connected with a grid-connected point of the power grid, the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the grid-connected inverter;
the capacity configuration method of the hybrid energy storage unit comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting weather condition data of a place where a distributed photovoltaic power supply is located, and drawing a daily radiant energy estimated curve based on a BP neural networkIf->For photovoltaic array area, +.>For photovoltaic module conversion efficiency, < >>The solar power output estimation curve of the photovoltaic power supply is the performance attenuation coefficient of the photovoltaic power supply after long-term operation>The expression of (2) is: />；
Step 2, calculating a daily predicted load demand curve according to the grid structure and the load type of the grid-connected position of the photovoltaic power supplyAt the same time, the average compensation power of the grid-side history contemporaneous is extracted +.>To obtain the capacity power reference value +.>Said capacity power reference value->The expression of (2) is:；
step 3, repeating the step 2 to obtain the comprehensive adjustmentThe capacity power reference values which are configured on different dates all the year around of the hybrid energy storage unit in the control system are taken as the maximum value of the capacity power reference values which are configured on different dates all the year aroundConfiguration capacity power reference value +.>；
Step 4, calculating the configuration capacity of the storage battery when the maximum economic benefit is achieved by using the peak-valley price difference at the grid connection position, and defining the power of the storage battery as，/>Represents the grid power supply electricity price at time t +.>The power difference +.f. at time t is represented by the electricity price of the photovoltaic power generation network at time t>For the power difference between photovoltaic power supply, hybrid energy storage and load at time t without taking into account the grid compensation power, +.>And (3) paving cost for corresponding storage battery packs under different powers, wherein the photovoltaic power generation benefit function is as follows:
，
，
according to the maximum photovoltaic power generation benefit function value meterCalculating to obtain corresponding reference capacity of the storage battery；
Step 5, comparing the configuration capacity power reference value of the hybrid energy storage unitAnd storage battery reference capacity->If-><The capacity of the battery pack is configured as +.>The capacity of the super capacitor is configured as +.>If->>/>The capacity of the battery pack is configured as +.>The capacity of the super capacitor is configured as +.>。
2. The integrated control system for grid connection of distributed photovoltaic power supply according to claim 1, wherein the grid-connected inverter has a two-level three-phase four-leg structure,the two-level three-phase four-bridge arm structure comprises a filter capacitorA power switching tube assembly.
3. The integrated regulation system for grid-connected distributed photovoltaic power supply according to claim 2, wherein the power switch tube assembly comprises a first power switch tube Q1, a second power switch tube Q2, a third power switch tube Q3, a fourth power switch tube Q4, a fifth power switch tube Q5, a sixth power switch tube Q6, a seventh power switch tube Q7 and an eighth power switch tube Q8.
4. The integrated control system for grid-connected distributed photovoltaic power according to claim 1, wherein the signal acquisition link and the conditioning link in the control module are based on the instantaneous reactive power theory and are implemented byThe detection method obtains and calculates the instantaneous active power, reactive power, three-phase unbalance and compensation current of the grid-connected point;
and the control module jointly controls the conduction of each power switching tube in the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the grid-connected inverter based on SVPWM with PI double closed loop decoupling.
5. The integrated control system for grid-tie of distributed photovoltaic power according to claim 1, wherein the charge-discharge control strategy of the hybrid energy storage unit is: comprehensively considering charge level of energy storage deviceSelf-discharge rate->Equivalent cycle times of the battery pack->Grid-connected point power peak Gu Chafu value->Amplitude of voltage fluctuation->Grid electricity price->Degree of voltage imbalance->Harmonic distortion rate->Obtaining an optimal power distribution strategy meeting a preset constraint condition through optimizing iteration by applying a multi-objective gray wolf optimization algorithm, wherein the expression of the preset constraint condition is as follows:
，
in the method, in the process of the application,to ensure a minimum charge level at which the energy storage device can be operated for a long time, < >>To ensure the maximum charge level at which the energy storage device can be operated for a long time, < >>For the grid-connected point power fluctuation safe operation range threshold value, < + >>Threshold value of safe operation range for voltage fluctuation of grid-connected point, < + >>Setting a threshold value for the voltage imbalance, +.>Is a photovoltaic power generation benefit function.
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