CN111446725A - Hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for micro-grid - Google Patents
Hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for micro-grid Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for a micro-grid, which is based on the traditional droop control, wherein a hybrid energy storage device adopts a storage battery and a super capacitor with strong complementarity, the super capacitor is used as a main frequency control unit to quickly provide power response frequency change, the storage battery responds to the power change of a load and participates in the secondary regulation of frequency, and in addition, the method is different from the traditional droop control frequency modulation and also realizes the secondary regulation of the energy storage deviceSOCControl of super capacitor as energy storage device with high power density and low energy density while responding to rapid power change of loadSOCSubstantially constant about a set point, while a plurality of batteries respond to changes in load power while maintaining themSOCAnd gradually equalizing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of frequency modulation of a micro-grid system, in particular to a hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for a micro-grid.
Background
The depletion of traditional fossil energy due to the large consumption thereof is continuous, and the development and utilization of renewable energy are more and more regarded by various countries. Renewable energy power generation stability is poor, a micro-grid is more flexible and efficient than a large power grid, and the stability of renewable energy power generation can be effectively enhanced by using the micro-grid for managing and controlling renewable energy power generation, so that the micro-grid gradually becomes a development trend and an effective way for developing renewable energy in the future.
The key factor of whether the micro-grid is stable is whether the frequency of the micro-grid is stable, generally, renewable energy power generation has strong randomness, intermittence, fluctuation and other problems, which can cause system frequency fluctuation, and in addition, the frequency stability is also influenced by power imbalance caused by load change, so that the frequency control research of the micro-grid is very important.
One method is to control the renewable energy source to participate in frequency modulation of the microgrid system, for example, the actual working point is slightly higher than the maximum power tracking point in photovoltaic power generation or wind power generation, so that the microgrid system is in load shedding operation, and a part of standby power is reserved, so that the renewable energy source has the capability of participating in frequency modulation of the system. The second mode is that energy storage devices such as a storage battery and a super capacitor are arranged in the micro-grid system to adjust the frequency of the system, the energy storage devices have controllable bidirectional throughput capacity, are flexible in working and high in response speed, and can effectively make up the defect that renewable energy sources participate in frequency modulation. The traditional energy storage frequency modulation has limitations, and the characteristics of energy storage devices of different types or the factors such as the SOC (state of charge) of the energy storage devices are not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention researches and develops a novel hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for a microgrid, which is based on the traditional droop control, uses different types of energy storage devices, namely a super capacitor with high power density and a storage battery with high energy density, in an island microgrid, exerts respective advantages to regulate the frequency of the microgrid, and does not need any communication equipment in the regulation process. In the method, the super capacitor is used as a main frequency control unit to rapidly provide power, responds to frequency change, and the storage battery mainly responds to the power change of the load and participates in secondary adjustment of frequency, so that the system frequency is maintained at the rated frequency. In addition, the SOC control of the energy storage device is realized, the SOC of the super capacitor is basically unchanged near a set point when the super capacitor is used as the energy storage device with high power density and low energy density to respond to the rapid power change of the load, the SOC of the storage batteries is gradually balanced when the power of the load is changed, the added SOC control adds the SOC of the energy storage device into droop control, the defect that whether the different energy storage devices are in a normal SOC range or not can not be considered when the different energy storage devices exert the advantages of the different energy storage devices in the existing control is effectively overcome, and the defect that the effective working time of the hybrid energy storage work cannot be guaranteed.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for a micro-grid comprises the following steps:
(1) the micro-grid system comprises hybrid energy storage equipment and a load, wherein the energy storage equipment is firstly boosted through DC/DC conversion and then is connected with the load through DC/AC conversion. The hybrid energy storage device comprises a storage battery and a super capacitor.
(2) The method is based on the traditional droop control, and the traditional droop control firstly detects the inversion voltage U of the energy storage inverter after filteringabcAnd an inverter current IabcThe active power P and the reactive power Q are calculated by a power calculation module, and the formula f is f0m.P, obtaining a frequency command value f, where f0Calculating a phase angle theta according to a frequency command value, wherein m is an active droop coefficient and is a rated frequency; by the formula Uref＝U0-n.Q, resulting in a reference voltage UrefWherein U is0And n is a reactive droop coefficient. According to UrefAnd theta is subjected to park transformation to calculate UdrefAnd UqrefAccording to UabcAnd theta is subjected to park transformation to calculate UdAnd UqReference voltage U to dq axisdrefAnd UqrefAnd dq axis actual voltage UdAnd UqThrough PI regulationThe node obtains a reference electromotive force E, and the output is adjusted by the obtained phase angle theta and the reference electromotive force E to control the on-off of the inverter and output corresponding voltage and current.
(3) The method is different from the traditional droop control method in that: in droop control corresponding to the super capacitor, the formula for solving the frequency command value is
Wherein k ispAnd kiPI parameter for supercapacitor SOC control, SOCrefIs the SOC reference value, SOC of the super capacitoresIs the actual value of SOC, m, of the energy storage devicescFor the active sag factor, P, of the supercapacitorscPower allocated for the super capacitor; in the droop control corresponding to the storage battery, the formula for obtaining the frequency command value is
Wherein k ispfAnd kifPI parameters for the storage battery participating in secondary frequency modulation control; f. of0Is the rated frequency of the system; f. ofrefThe reference value is a secondary frequency modulation frequency reference value, and a rated frequency is used as the reference value during actual control; f. ofmeasIs an actual measurement of the system frequency; m isbtThe active droop coefficient of the storage battery is obtained; pbtThe power allocated to the battery. According to the two formulas, the storage battery and the super capacitor jointly participate in frequency modulation, in addition, the SOC control of the energy storage device is realized, and the SOC of the super capacitor is basically unchanged around a set reference value when the super capacitor is used as the energy storage device with high power density and low energy density to respond to the rapid power change of a load.
In the hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for the microgrid, the active droop coefficient of the super capacitor is smaller than the active droop coefficient of the storage battery, the distributed power of the super capacitor is larger than the distributed power of the storage battery (the power distribution calculation is shown in formula 4), the super capacitor serves as a main frequency control unit to quickly provide power response frequency change, the storage battery mainly responds to the power change of the load and participates in secondary frequency regulation, and the system frequency is maintained at the frequency reference value fref。
In the hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for the micro-grid, the storage battery in the hybrid energy storage equipment is a storage battery pack, and the formula of the frequency instruction value in the storage battery droop control method is
ksFor gain of battery SOC control, the battery pack adds SOC control to gradually equalize their SOCs while responding to load power changes.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the method can utilize the inherent characteristics of different energy storage devices to give full play to the advantages of the different energy storage devices, so that the super capacitor mainly responds to the frequency change of the system, and the rest storage batteries mainly bear the load power change.
(2) The method can keep the SOC of the super capacitor unchanged at a reference value in the control process, enough energy is available to respond to the next frequency change, the SOC of a plurality of storage batteries can be gradually balanced, and the service life of the energy storage device can be greatly prolonged.
(3) The method can not maintain the frequency unchanged and increase the secondary frequency modulation when the load suddenly changes for the traditional droop control, so that the system frequency is stabilized at the rated frequency, and the stable operation of the system is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a simplified block diagram of the microgrid of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the droop control structure of the system energy storage inverter.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the supercapacitor droop control in the improved droop method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of battery droop control in the improved droop method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a waveform of the energy storage device output power when conventional droop control is employed.
Fig. 6 is a waveform of the energy storage device SOC when the conventional droop control is employed.
Fig. 7 is a system frequency waveform when the conventional droop control is employed.
FIG. 8 is a waveform of the output power of the energy storage device when the super capacitor SOC control and the secondary frequency modulation control of the storage battery are added.
FIG. 9 is a waveform of the energy storage device SOC when the super capacitor SOC control and the secondary frequency modulation control of the storage battery are added.
Fig. 10 is a system frequency waveform in the case of adding the super capacitor SOC control and the secondary frequency modulation control of the secondary battery.
Fig. 11 is a waveform of output power of the energy storage device when super capacitor SOC control, secondary frequency modulation control of the storage battery, and SOC equalization control of the storage battery are added.
Fig. 12 is a waveform of the SOC of the energy storage device when the super capacitor SOC control, the secondary frequency modulation control of the battery, and the SOC equalization control of the battery are added.
Fig. 13 is a system frequency waveform at the time of adding the super capacitor SOC control, the secondary frequency modulation control of the battery, and the SOC equalization control of the battery.
Detailed Description
First, the microgrid system structure of the present invention is simplified as shown in fig. 1. The micro-grid system comprises a hybrid energy storage device and a load, wherein the hybrid energy storage device is composed of a super capacitor and two storage batteries, the voltage between the energy storage device and the load is increased through DC/DC, and then the energy storage device and the load are connected through DC/AC inversion. The super capacitor is a power type energy storage device and can rapidly provide power but cannot output energy for a long time, the storage battery is an energy type energy storage device and can output energy for a long time, but the reaction speed is low, and the super capacitor and the storage battery can be combined for use and just can complement each other.
A hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for a micro-grid is characterized in that a super capacitor is used as a main frequency control unit to respond to system frequency change, and two storage batteries respond to load power change and participate in secondary frequency modulation of a system. The formula for obtaining the frequency command value is shown in formula (1).
f＝f0-mP (1)
In the formula: f is a frequency command value; f. of0Is a rated frequency; m is an active droop coefficient; and P is the active power output by the inverter.
The super capacitor droop equation is shown in the formula (2), the control block diagram is shown in fig. 3, the storage battery droop equation is shown in the formula (3), and the control block diagram is shown in fig. 4.
In the formula: wherein k ispAnd kiPI parameter for supercapacitor SOC control, SOCrefIs the SOC reference value, SOC of the super capacitoresIs the actual value of SOC, m, of the energy storage devicescFor the active sag factor, P, of the supercapacitorscPower allocated for the super capacitor; wherein k ispfAnd kifPI parameter, f, for secondary frequency modulation control of the accumulatorrefIs a frequency reference value, fmeasIs an actual measurement of the system frequency; k is a radical ofsGain for battery SOC control, mbtFor active sag factor, P, of the accumulatorbtThe power allocated to the battery. When a plurality of energy storage devices form a micro-grid island operation through droop control, because the frequency is an integral variable, the plurality of energy storage devices work under the same frequency instruction value f, and the total active power P output by the inverter is Psc+Pbt。
In the formulas (2) and (3), the first part is traditional droop control, the output active power of the micro-grid is adjusted according to the frequency of the micro-grid, and the second part in the formula (2) is a super capacitor SOC control link, and a super capacitor SOC reference value SOC is setrefThe actual value SOC of the super capacitor is calculatedesAnd a reference value SOCrefComparing, and PI controlling to maintain the SOC actual value at the reference value SOCrefThe third part in the formula (3) is a frequency compensation link of secondary frequency modulation of the storage battery, and a frequency reference value f is obtainedrefWith the actual measured value fmeasIs subjected to PI control to enable the system frequency to be equal to a reference value frefThe method overcomes the defect that the traditional droop control is poor in adjustment, the fourth part is a storage battery SOC control link, and storage batteries with different SOCs output different powers to enable the SOCs of the storage batteries to be gradually balanced.
Among the above coefficients, the magnitude of the droop coefficient may affect the frequency fluctuation during power variation, so that the droop coefficient should be reasonably selected to make the frequency fluctuation meet the corresponding technical standard. And determining the selection range of the PI parameters according to small signal analysis, and debugging according to actual conditions in the simulation process to obtain final parameters. When the gain of the storage battery is too small, the SOC balancing speed is too slow, and when the gain of the storage battery is too large, the frequency stability is influenced, and the final gain value is obtained through comprehensive simulation debugging.
When the frequency changes due to sudden load change, the super capacitor and the storage battery simultaneously participate in primary frequency modulation of the system through a first part, wherein the droop coefficient m of the super capacitorscSetting a droop coefficient m less than that of the batterybtPower relationship when controlled by conventional droop
Therefore, the distributed power of the super capacitor is large, so that the super capacitor can rapidly provide more power and plays a main role in responding to the frequency change of a system; the SOC value of the super capacitor can be recovered to the reference value SOC while primary frequency modulation is carried out on the super capacitor through the control of the second partrefNearby, the change of the load power is mainly responded by the storage battery, so that the super capacitor can still have enough energy to respond to the frequency change when the load suddenly changes next time; the storage battery is controlled to perform secondary frequency modulation on the micro-grid system through the third part, the traditional droop control is in principle differential regulation, according to a droop curve, the frequency output by the inverter can change according to the change of power, and the frequency reference value f can be deviated when the system recovers to be stablerefThe deviation is compensated by the third part, so that the frequency is completely restored to the frequency reference value f when the system is stableref(ii) a The batteries SOC can be balanced through the fourth part of control, when the initial SOC of the two batteries is inconsistent, if corresponding control is not carried out, the batteries with low initial SOC can discharge electricity before exiting the system during discharging, so that the discharging speed of the rest batteries is accelerated, the service life of the rest batteries is influenced, a battery can possibly cause faults to cause adverse effects on the system when exiting the system suddenly, when the fourth part of control is added to enable the SOC of the two batteries to be unbalanced, the battery with higher SOC outputs more during dischargingThe low-power and low-SOC storage batteries output less power, the SOC of the storage batteries is gradually balanced in the working process, and the gain coefficient k is controlledsTo control the equalization rate of the battery.
According to the embodiment, simulation experiments are carried out in Matlab/Simulink according to the control, active loads are changed to carry out simulation under different strategies, and corresponding results are observed.
The active droop coefficients of the two storage batteries are set to be twice of that of the super capacitor, the system initially works in an unloaded state, the active load 20000W is suddenly increased in 1s, and the load is cut off after the system runs to 6 s. Fig. 5 to 7 are waveforms under the conventional droop control, in which the system frequency drops and cannot be recovered when a load is increased, the output power of the super capacitor is greater than that of the storage battery, the SOC of the super capacitor drops sharply, the output powers of the two storage batteries are equal, the power waveforms coincide, and the SOCs of the two storage batteries drop at the same rate; fig. 8 to 10 are waveforms after the SOC control of the super capacitor and the secondary frequency modulation control of the storage battery are added, the system frequency is maintained unchanged when a load is added, the super capacitor rapidly provides a part of power supporting frequency, then the load power is fully borne by the two storage batteries, the super capacitor does not output power any more, although the peak power of the super capacitor under the strategy is lower than that under the traditional droop control, the SOC of the super capacitor does not change significantly, the waveforms of the output power of the two storage batteries still output equal power, the power waveforms of the two storage batteries coincide, and the SOC of the two storage batteries decrease at the same rate; fig. 11 to fig. 13 are waveforms obtained after the SOC balance control of the storage batteries is further added on the basis, the system frequency is still basically maintained when the load is added, the super capacitor condition is the same as the above, but the discharge speed of the two storage batteries is different, and the SOC difference value of the two storage batteries gradually decreases and tends to balance.
Table 1 shows simulation parameters
Tab.1 simulation parameter
Claims (3)
1. A mixed energy storage frequency modulation control method for a micro-grid is characterized in that energy storage equipment is used for adjusting the frequency of a system, the energy storage equipment is firstly boosted through DC/DC conversion and then is connected with a load through DC/AC conversion; the frequency of the energy storage equipment adjusting system is based on a traditional droop control method, and the traditional droop control method firstly detects the filtered inversion voltage U of the energy storage inverterabcAnd an inverter current IabcCalculating active power P and reactive power Q, obtaining a frequency command value f by solving a formula of the frequency command value, and calculating a phase angle theta according to the frequency command value; by the formula Uref＝U0-n.Q, resulting in a reference voltage UrefWherein U is0Is rated voltage, n is reactive droop coefficient according to UrefD [ theta ] is subjected to park transformation to calculate dq axis reference voltage UdrefAnd UqrefAccording to UabcD [ theta ] is subjected to park transformation to calculate dq axis voltage UdAnd UqReference voltage UdrefAnd UqrefAnd the actual voltage UdAnd UqObtaining a reference electromotive force E through a PI regulator, and adjusting output to control the on-off of the inverter according to the obtained phase angle theta and the reference electromotive force E so as to output corresponding voltage and current;
the method is characterized in that: the energy storage device is a hybrid energy storage device and comprises a storage battery and a super capacitor; in the droop control method corresponding to the super capacitor, the formula for solving the frequency command value is
Wherein k ispAnd kiPI parameter for supercapacitor SOC control, SOCrefIs the SOC reference value, SOC of the super capacitoresIs the actual value of SOC, m, of the energy storage devicescFor the active sag factor, P, of the supercapacitorscPower allocated for the super capacitor; in the droop control method corresponding to the storage battery, the formula for obtaining the frequency command value is
Wherein k ispfAnd kifPI parameters for the storage battery participating in secondary frequency modulation control; f. of0Is the rated frequency of the system; f. ofrefThe reference value is a secondary frequency modulation frequency reference value, and a rated frequency is used as the reference value during actual control; f. ofmeasIs an actual measurement of the system frequency; m isbtThe active droop coefficient of the storage battery is obtained; pbtThe power allocated to the battery.
2. The hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for the micro-grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: the active droop coefficient of the super capacitor is smaller than the active droop coefficient of the storage battery.
3. The hybrid energy storage frequency modulation control method for the micro-grid according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the storage battery in the hybrid energy storage equipment is a storage battery pack, and the formula of the frequency instruction value in the storage battery droop control method is
ksIs the gain of the battery SOC control.
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