CN109842137B - A Coordinated Control Method for Single-Three-Phase Hybrid Microgrid Group - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种单三相混联微网群的协调控制方法，包括建立基于比例谐振控制的恒压控制数学模型；采用电压外环电流内环的双闭环控制方案；采集三相功率信息并进行三相不平衡度判断；二级控制协调三个单相微电网与三相微电网之间的传输功率。本发明一种单三相混联微网群的协调控制方法，初级控制结构简单，易于实现，不需多次旋转坐标，降低了控制算法实现难度；二级控制直接对微网群公共耦合点的功率进行调节，操作简单，能够较好的消除静态误差，且在处理微电网群电压不平衡问题时也能取得较好的控制效果。
A coordinated control method for a single-three-phase hybrid microgrid group, including establishing a constant-voltage control mathematical model based on proportional resonance control; adopting a double-closed-loop control scheme of a voltage outer loop and a current inner loop; collecting three-phase power information and performing three-phase Unbalance judgment; secondary control coordinates the transmission power between three single-phase microgrids and three-phase microgrids. The present invention is a coordinated control method for a single-phase hybrid micro-grid group, the primary control structure is simple, easy to implement, does not need to rotate the coordinates many times, and reduces the difficulty of implementing the control algorithm; the secondary control directly controls the common coupling point of the micro-grid group. It is easy to operate, can better eliminate static errors, and can also achieve better control effects when dealing with the problem of voltage imbalance in the microgrid group.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于微电网控制技术领域，具体是一种单三相混联微网群的协调控制方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of microgrid control, in particular to a coordinated control method for a single-phase hybrid microgrid group.
背景技术Background technique
随着微电网应用规模的扩大，为了满足用户更多的需求，现阶段逐渐开始出现三相微电网与多种相序的单微网串并联而成的单三相混联微网群。单三相混联微网群在已有的微电网的基础上，提高了区域范围用户用电的可靠性，经济性和重要负荷的稳定性。微网群在接入不平衡负载时会出现电压不平衡现象，且电压不平衡会影响微网群内各个设备的正常运行。为了保障微网群内设备的正常运行，有必要对电压不平衡问题展开深入研究。With the expansion of the application scale of microgrids, in order to meet more needs of users, single-phase hybrid microgrid clusters consisting of three-phase microgrids and single microgrids of various phase sequences in series and parallel are gradually emerging at this stage. On the basis of the existing microgrid, the single-phase hybrid microgrid group improves the reliability, economy and stability of important loads for users in the area. When a microgrid group is connected to an unbalanced load, voltage imbalance will occur, and the voltage imbalance will affect the normal operation of each device in the microgrid group. In order to ensure the normal operation of the equipment in the microgrid group, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the problem of voltage imbalance.
现有技术文献中：In the prior art literature:
Derivation of zero-sequence circulating current and the compensationof delta-connected static var generators for unbalanced load(Ma Fujun，Luo An，Xiong Qiaopo，et al.Derivation of zero-sequence circulating current and thecompensation of delta-connected static var generators for unbalanced load[J].IET Power Electronics，2016，9(3)：576-588.)通过安装电能质量补偿装置来解决三相功率不平衡和电压波动问题，虽然效果明显，但投资运行成本较高。Derivation of zero-sequence circulating current and the compensation of delta-connected static var generators for unbalanced load(Ma Fujun, Luo An, Xiong Qiaopo, et al. Derivation of zero-sequence circulating current and the compensation of delta-connected static var generators for unbalanced load[J]. IET Power Electronics, 2016, 9(3): 576-588.) By installing a power quality compensation device to solve the problem of three-phase power imbalance and voltage fluctuation, although the effect is obvious, the investment and operation cost is high.
Flexible Active Power Control of Distributed Power Generation SystemsDuring Grid Faults(Rodriguez P,Timbus A V,Teodorescu R,et al.Flexible ActivePower Control of Distributed Power Generation Systems During Grid Faults[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2007,54(5):2583-2592.)基于瞬时功率理论，提出了不平衡下有功功率、无功功率的灵活控制，针对特定的控制目标分别设计了几种控制方法，但各个方法之间的耦合性较差。Flexible Active Power Control of Distributed Power Generation Systems During Grid Faults (Rodriguez P, Timbus A V, Teodorescu R, et al. Flexible Active Power Control of Distributed Power Generation Systems During Grid Faults[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2007, 54(5 ): 2583-2592.) Based on the instantaneous power theory, the flexible control of active power and reactive power under unbalanced conditions is proposed, and several control methods are designed for specific control objectives, but the coupling between each method is poor. .
Grid-Fault Control Scheme for Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverters WithAdjustable Power Quality Characteristics(Castilla M,Miret J,Sosa J L,etal.Grid-Fault Control Scheme for Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverters WithAdjustable Power Quality Characteristics[J].IEEE Transactions on PowerElectronics,2010,25(12):2930-2940.)当电网电压发生不平衡时，在三相三线制并网逆变器中无中性线，使得并网电流不存在零序分量，传统电流参考表达式中仅含有控制自由度，最终体现在并网电流无畸变与瞬时并网功率无波动之间的矛盾。Grid-Fault Control Scheme for Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverters WithAdjustable Power Quality Characteristics(Castilla M,Miret J,Sosa J L,etal.Grid-Fault Control Scheme for Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverters WithAdjustable Power Quality Characteristics[J].IEEE Transactions on PowerElectronics , 2010, 25(12): 2930-2940.) When the grid voltage is unbalanced, there is no neutral line in the three-phase three-wire grid-connected inverter, so that there is no zero-sequence component of the grid-connected current, and the traditional current reference The expression only contains the control degree of freedom, which is ultimately reflected in the contradiction between the grid-connected current without distortion and the instantaneous grid-connected power without fluctuation.
A Cooperative Imbalance Compensation Method for Distributed-Generation Interface Converters(Po-Tai Cheng,Chien-An Chen,Tzung-Lin Lee,etal.A Cooperative Imbalance Compensation Method for Distributed-GenerationInterface Converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2007,45(2):805-815.)为达到不平衡控制，提出了一种加入负序无功功率-电导环的下垂控制策略，该策略对输出电压的调节效果有限，且控制效果会在不平衡补偿与电压精度之间折中，这将导致电压不平衡的补偿效果不能达到最优。A Cooperative Imbalance Compensation Method for Distributed-Generation Interface Converters(Po-Tai Cheng,Chien-An Chen,Tzung-Lin Lee,etal.A Cooperative Imbalance Compensation Method for Distributed-GenerationInterface Converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2007 , 45(2):805-815.) In order to achieve unbalanced control, a droop control strategy with a negative-sequence reactive power-conductance loop is proposed, which has a limited adjustment effect on the output voltage, and the control effect will be There is a trade-off between unbalance compensation and voltage accuracy, which will cause the compensation effect of voltage unbalance to be less than optimal.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种单三相混联微网群的协调控制方法，初级控制结构简单，易于实现，不需多次旋转坐标，降低了控制算法实现难度；二级控制直接对微网群公共耦合点的功率进行调节，操作简单，能够较好的消除静态误差，且在处理微电网群电压不平衡问题时也能取得较好的控制效果。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a coordinated control method for a single-phase hybrid microgrid group, the primary control structure is simple, easy to implement, does not need to rotate the coordinates many times, and reduces the difficulty of implementing the control algorithm; the secondary control directly Adjusting the power of the public coupling point of the micro-grid group is simple to operate, can better eliminate static errors, and can also achieve a good control effect when dealing with the problem of voltage imbalance in the micro-grid group.
本发明采取的技术方案为：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种单三相混联微网群的协调控制方法，包括以下步骤：A coordinated control method for a single-phase hybrid microgrid group, comprising the following steps:
步骤1、建立基于比例谐振控制的恒压控制数学模型，该模型传递函数为：
其中：s为复频域算子，kp为比例常数，ki为积分常数；ω0为谐振频率。Among them: s is the complex frequency domain operator, k p is the proportional constant, ki is the integral constant; ω 0 is the resonance frequency.
步骤2、在静止坐标系下，对比例谐振控制器进行控制，在αβ坐标系下跟踪正弦参考电流，比例谐振控制在基波频率处具有无穷大的增益，可以实现零稳态误差，避免了耦合和解耦合运算。Step 2. In the static coordinate system, control the proportional resonance controller and track the sinusoidal reference current in the αβ coordinate system. The proportional resonance control has an infinite gain at the fundamental frequency, which can achieve zero steady-state error and avoid coupling. and decoupling operations.
步骤3、采用电压外环、电流内环双闭环控制，所述双闭环控制均采用比例谐振控制方法，其中，电压外环用于对输出电压的幅值进行调整，保证输出电压有效值的精度；电压外环输出结果作为电流内环的电流参考输入指令。Step 3. Adopt the double closed-loop control of the voltage outer loop and the current inner loop. The double closed-loop control adopts the proportional resonance control method, wherein the voltage outer loop is used to adjust the amplitude of the output voltage to ensure the accuracy of the effective value of the output voltage ; The output result of the voltage outer loop is used as the current reference input command of the current inner loop.
步骤4、采集公共耦合点处的电压电流信息，并进行功率计算，然后对不平衡度进行判断。其中各相母线间的传输功率不平衡度约束方程为：Step 4: Collect the voltage and current information at the common coupling point, perform power calculation, and then judge the unbalance degree. Among them, the constraint equation of the transmission power imbalance between the busbars of each phase is:
其中：
在上述方程中，
当不平衡度≤5％时，不需要二级控制协调公共耦合点处的传输功率。When the unbalance is ≤5%, secondary control is not required to coordinate the transmission power at the point of common coupling.
当不平衡度>5％时，则需要二级控制协调公共耦合点处的传输功率。When the unbalance degree is >5%, secondary control is required to coordinate the transmission power at the point of common coupling.
步骤5、二级控制协调三个单相微电网与三相微电网之间的传输功率，其中二级控制的目标优化函数为：Step 5. The secondary control coordinates the transmission power between the three single-phase microgrids and the three-phase microgrids, wherein the objective optimization function of the secondary control is:
其中，εj为三相微电网储能输出功率函数的系数，αf为单相微电网储能输出功率函数的系数，μi为三相微电网光伏输出功率函数的系数，βg为单相微电网光伏输出功率函数的系数；
二级控制首先是通过改变各个单相微电网中的光伏输出功率，来满足公共耦合点处传输功率的调节量，当光伏输出功率不能满足公共耦合点传输功率的调节量时，则联合储能装置，通过光伏发电单元和储能装置的共同作用，来满足公共耦合点的传输功率以解决公共耦合点的电压不平衡问题。The second-level control firstly meets the adjustment amount of the transmission power at the common coupling point by changing the photovoltaic output power in each single-phase microgrid. When the photovoltaic output power cannot meet the adjustment amount of the transmission power at the common coupling point, the combined energy storage The device, through the joint action of the photovoltaic power generation unit and the energy storage device, satisfies the transmission power of the common coupling point to solve the voltage imbalance problem of the common coupling point.
本发明一种单三相混联微网群的协调控制方法，初级控制采用比例谐振(PR)控制，比例谐振控制器能够在静止坐标系下对交流信号实现无静差控制，具有抗电网电压波动的能力。在充分利用可再生能源发电的条件下，二级控制作用于微电网群公共耦合点处的传输功率实现对不平衡电压的控制。该方法能够保持微电网群的电压稳定，且在处理微电网群电压不平衡时能够取得较好的控制效果。The present invention is a coordinated control method for a single-phase hybrid micro-grid group. The primary control adopts proportional resonance (PR) control, and the proportional resonance controller can control the AC signal without static difference in the static coordinate system, and has the ability to resist the grid voltage. ability to fluctuate. Under the condition of making full use of renewable energy to generate electricity, the secondary control acts on the transmission power at the common coupling point of the microgrid group to control the unbalanced voltage. The method can keep the voltage of the microgrid group stable, and can achieve better control effect when dealing with the voltage imbalance of the microgrid group.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为单三相混联微网群控制结构图。Figure 1 is a control structure diagram of a single-three-phase hybrid microgrid group.
图2为初级控制结构框图。Figure 2 is a block diagram of the primary control structure.
图3为微电网群处于不同控制策略下的不平衡度对比图。Figure 3 is a comparison chart of the unbalance degree of the microgrid group under different control strategies.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
一种单三相混联微网群的协调控制方法，包括以下步骤：A coordinated control method for a single-phase hybrid microgrid group, comprising the following steps:
步骤1、建立基于比例谐振控制的恒压控制数学模型，该模型传递函数为：
其中：s为复频域算子，kp为比例常数，ki为积分常数；ω0为谐振频率。Among them: s is the complex frequency domain operator, k p is the proportional constant, ki is the integral constant; ω 0 is the resonance frequency.
步骤2、在静止坐标系下，对比例谐振控制器进行控制，PR控制避免了复杂的abc-dq坐标变换，在αβ坐标系下跟踪正弦参考电流，比例谐振控制在基波频率处具有无穷大的增益，可以实现零稳态误差，避免了耦合和解耦合运算。Step 2. In the static coordinate system, the proportional resonance controller is controlled. The PR control avoids the complex abc-dq coordinate transformation, tracks the sinusoidal reference current in the αβ coordinate system, and the proportional resonance control has an infinite value at the fundamental frequency. gain, zero steady-state error can be achieved, avoiding coupling and decoupling operations.
步骤3、采用电压外环、电流内环双闭环控制，为实现恒压控制，所述双闭环控制均采用比例谐振控制方法，其中，电压外环用于对输出电压的幅值进行调整，保证输出电压有效值的精度；电压外环输出结果作为电流内环的电流参考输入指令。Step 3. Adopt the voltage outer loop and the current inner loop double closed-loop control. In order to realize the constant voltage control, the double closed-loop control adopts the proportional resonance control method, wherein the voltage outer loop is used to adjust the amplitude of the output voltage to ensure The accuracy of the output voltage RMS; the output result of the voltage outer loop is used as the current reference input command of the current inner loop.
步骤4、采集公共耦合点处的电压电流信息，并进行功率计算，然后对不平衡度进行判断。其中各相母线间的传输功率不平衡度约束方程为：Step 4: Collect the voltage and current information at the common coupling point, perform power calculation, and then judge the unbalance degree. Among them, the constraint equation of the transmission power imbalance between the busbars of each phase is:
其中：
在上述方程中，
当不平衡度≤5％时，不需要二级控制协调公共耦合点处的传输功率。When the unbalance is ≤5%, secondary control is not required to coordinate the transmission power at the point of common coupling.
当不平衡度>5％时，则需要二级控制协调公共耦合点处的传输功率。When the unbalance degree is >5%, secondary control is required to coordinate the transmission power at the point of common coupling.
步骤5、二级控制协调三个单相微电网与三相微电网之间的传输功率，其中二级控制的目标优化函数为：Step 5. The secondary control coordinates the transmission power between the three single-phase microgrids and the three-phase microgrids, wherein the objective optimization function of the secondary control is:
其中，εj为三相微电网储能输出功率函数的系数，αf为单相微电网储能输出功率函数的系数，μi为三相微电网光伏输出功率函数的系数，βg为单相微电网光伏输出功率函数的系数。Among them, ε j is the coefficient of the three-phase microgrid energy storage output power function, α f is the coefficient of the single-phase microgrid energy storage output power function, μ i is the coefficient of the three-phase microgrid photovoltaic output power function, and β g is the single-phase microgrid energy storage output power function. Coefficients of the PV output power function of the phase microgrid.
二级控制首先是通过改变各个单相微电网中的光伏输出功率，来满足公共耦合点处传输功率的调节量，当光伏输出功率不能满足公共耦合点传输功率的调节量时，则联合储能装置，通过光伏发电单元和储能装置的共同作用，来满足公共耦合点的传输功率以解决公共耦合点的电压不平衡问题。The second-level control firstly meets the adjustment amount of the transmission power at the common coupling point by changing the photovoltaic output power in each single-phase microgrid. When the photovoltaic output power cannot meet the adjustment amount of the transmission power at the common coupling point, the combined energy storage The device, through the joint action of the photovoltaic power generation unit and the energy storage device, satisfies the transmission power of the common coupling point to solve the voltage imbalance problem of the common coupling point.
所述二级控制的储能约束条件为：The energy storage constraints of the secondary control are:
其中，
光伏约束条件为：The photovoltaic constraints are:
其中，
功率平衡约束条件为：The power balance constraints are:
A相：
B相：
C相：
其中：
图1为单三相混联微网群控制结构图。微网群由4个微电网组成，其中三相微电网1为三相微电网且在整个多微网中起主导作用，其包括储能装置、光伏发电单元和三相负载。A相单相微电网2、B相单相微电网3、C相单相微电网4是单相微电网且分别单独接在三相微电网1的A、B、C三相。整个微网群通过并离网开关L1与配电网相连。当并离网开关L1断开时，微网群处于孤岛运行模式，此时A相单相微电网2、B相单相微电网3、C相单相微电网4仍然接在三相微电网1中，并且由三相微电网1中的主电源储能为整个微网群提供电压和频率支撑。Figure 1 is a control structure diagram of a single-three-phase hybrid microgrid group. The microgrid group consists of 4 microgrids, of which the three-
初级控制利用比例谐振控制器和电压电流双闭环控制，来达到恒压控制的目的，二级控制则通过联合协调三相微电网与三个单相微电网公共耦合点的传输功率来控制不平衡电压。当传输功率不平衡度>5％时，先计算A相单相微电网2、B相单相微电网3、C相单相微电网4与三相微电网1公共耦合点处传输功率的调节量△P1、△P2、△P3，然后再比较单相微电网2、3、4的光伏输出功率的可调节量△PPV和传输功率的调节量△P。The primary control uses the proportional resonance controller and the voltage and current double closed-loop control to achieve the purpose of constant voltage control, and the secondary control controls the unbalance by jointly coordinating the transmission power of the three-phase microgrid and the common coupling point of the three single-phase microgrids. Voltage. When the unbalance of transmission power is greater than 5%, first calculate the adjustment of transmission power at the common coupling point of A-phase single-phase microgrid 2, B-phase single-phase microgrid 3, C-phase single-phase microgrid 4 and three-
当A相单相微电网2、B相单相微电网3、C相单相微电网4中的各个光伏输出功率的可调节量△PPV大于等于传输功率调节量△P时，则直接由各个单微网的光伏发电单元进行协调。当A相单相微电网2、B相单相微电网3、C相单相微电网4的各个光伏输出功率的可调节量△PPV小于△P时，则由三相微电网与各个单微网共同协调。When the adjustable amount ΔP PV of each photovoltaic output power in the A-phase single-phase microgrid 2, B-phase single-phase microgrid 3, and C-phase single-phase microgrid 4 is greater than or equal to the transmission power adjustment amount ΔP, the The photovoltaic power generation units of each single microgrid are coordinated. When the adjustable amount ΔP PV of each photovoltaic output power of A-phase single-phase microgrid 2, B-phase single-phase microgrid 3, and C-phase single-phase microgrid 4 is less than ΔP, the three-phase microgrid and each Microgrids are coordinated together.
图2是初级控制结构框图。初级控制采用的是比例谐振控制器，且控制结构为电压外环电流内环的双闭环控制。首先将逆变器输出的三相电压进行坐标变换到静止坐标下,再经过PR控制器实现对受控信号的无静差调节。电压外环输出结果作为电流内环的电流参考输入指令。电流内环构成电流随动系统能大大加快抵御扰动的动态过程。电压电流双闭环控制充分利用了系统的状态信息,不仅动态性能好,而且稳态精度也高。比例谐振控制器的传递函数为:Figure 2 is a block diagram of the primary control structure. The primary control adopts the proportional resonance controller, and the control structure is the double closed-loop control of the voltage outer loop and the current inner loop. Firstly, the coordinates of the three-phase voltage output by the inverter are transformed into static coordinates, and then the PR controller is used to realize the static-free adjustment of the controlled signal. The output result of the voltage outer loop is used as the current reference input command of the current inner loop. The inner current loop constitutes a current follow-up system, which can greatly speed up the dynamic process of resisting disturbance. The voltage and current double closed-loop control makes full use of the state information of the system, which not only has good dynamic performance, but also has high steady-state accuracy. The transfer function of the proportional resonant controller is:
其中，Kpv,Kiv为电压外环比例常数和积分常数，Kpi,Kii为电流内环比例常数和积分常数。在本发明中，其参数的设计为：Kpv＝0.4,Kiv＝20,Kii＝0.05,Kpi＝1。Among them, K pv , K iv are the voltage outer loop proportional constant and integral constant, K pi , K ii are the current inner loop proportional constant and integral constant. In the present invention, its parameters are designed as: K pv =0.4, K iv =20, K ii =0.05, K pi =1.
该控制方法将三相交流控制问题转化为两项交流控制问题，避免了电流的正负序分量分解过程。比例谐振控制器在谐振频率ω0附近较窄的宽带内具有较高的增益，从而限制了控制信号和参考信号之间的稳态误差。The control method transforms the three-phase AC control problem into two AC control problems, avoiding the decomposition process of the positive and negative sequence components of the current. The proportional resonant controller has high gain in a narrow broadband around the resonant frequency ω0 , thus limiting the steady-state error between the control signal and the reference signal.
图3是微电网群采用传统控制策略与采用本发明提出控制策略的电压不平衡度对比图。正序和负序电压分量的比值为不平衡度。在t＝0.4s时，在微网群中接入单相不平衡负载(RB＝6Ω，LB＝4mH)，在图中分别用实线和虚线来表示基于传统控制策略和基于本专利提出控制策略的电压不平衡度。由图3可以看出，在t＝0.4s加入单相负载后，采用传统控制策略的电压不平衡度约为3.8％；采用本发明提出控制策略的电压不平衡度约为1.9％。上述的对比结果表明，本发明所提出的双层协调控制系统及方法在处理电压不平衡时，能够取得较好的控制效果。FIG. 3 is a comparison diagram of the voltage unbalance degree of the microgrid group using the traditional control strategy and the control strategy proposed by the present invention. The ratio of the positive and negative sequence voltage components is the unbalance. At t=0.4s, a single-phase unbalanced load (R B =6Ω, L B =4mH) is connected to the micro-grid group. In the figure, the solid line and the dashed line are used to represent the traditional control strategy and the patent based The voltage unbalance degree of the control strategy is proposed. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that after adding a single-phase load at t=0.4s, the voltage unbalance degree using the traditional control strategy is about 3.8%; the voltage unbalance degree using the control strategy proposed by the present invention is about 1.9%. The above comparison results show that the double-layer coordinated control system and method proposed by the present invention can achieve better control effects when dealing with voltage imbalance.
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