CN113690873A - Photovoltaic direct-current micro-grid coordination control method containing hybrid energy storage - Google Patents

Photovoltaic direct-current micro-grid coordination control method containing hybrid energy storage Download PDF

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CN113690873A
CN113690873A CN202110939564.1A CN202110939564A CN113690873A CN 113690873 A CN113690873 A CN 113690873A CN 202110939564 A CN202110939564 A CN 202110939564A CN 113690873 A CN113690873 A CN 113690873A
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power
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刘道兵
鲍志阳
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of DC sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种含混合储能的光伏直流微电网协调控制方法，包括搭建光伏发电系统的控制策略，使其运行在MPPT模式和CVC模式；将直流微电网的运行模式划分多个工作模式；建立低通滤波器模型，实现混合储能系统所承担的功率分配；通过超级电容与蓄电池各自承担的功率与端电压，计算出二者的工作电流；并通过储能装置的充放电电流参考值与实际工作电流进行比较，设计双向DC/DC变换器的控制方式；当直流微电网内光伏发电系统和储能装置不足以平抑系统中的功率波动、或储能装置故障无法参与调节时，通过双向DC/DC变换器将直流微电网并入大电网。本发明方法能够避免复杂的参数设定以及大量计算，控制灵活的同时考虑到了储能装置的使用寿命，提高了运行的经济性。

Figure 202110939564

A photovoltaic direct current microgrid coordinated control method with hybrid energy storage includes building a control strategy of a photovoltaic power generation system so that it operates in an MPPT mode and a CVC mode; dividing the direct current microgrid operation mode into multiple working modes; establishing a low-pass The filter model is used to realize the power distribution undertaken by the hybrid energy storage system; the working current of the supercapacitor and the battery is calculated through the power and terminal voltage of the supercapacitor and the battery; Compare the current and design the control method of the bidirectional DC/DC converter; when the photovoltaic power generation system and the energy storage device in the DC microgrid are not enough to suppress the power fluctuation in the system, or the energy storage device fails to participate in the adjustment, the bidirectional DC/DC The DC converter integrates the DC microgrid into the large grid. The method of the invention can avoid complicated parameter setting and a large number of calculations, has flexible control and considers the service life of the energy storage device, and improves the operation economy.

Figure 202110939564

Description

Photovoltaic direct-current micro-grid coordination control method containing hybrid energy storage
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro-grid control, in particular to a photovoltaic direct-current micro-grid coordination control method with hybrid energy storage.
Background
In recent years, the power generation permeability of distributed new energy represented by wind energy and solar energy is continuously increased, and countries in the world pay more attention to the development of new energy, however, the wind energy and the solar energy have the characteristics of intermittence and randomness, so that the output power of the wind energy and the solar energy during power generation has the defects of discontinuity and instability, and if the wind energy and the solar energy are directly incorporated into a power grid without adopting a proper control strategy, the safe and reliable operation of the power grid can be greatly influenced.
The development of a microgrid is promoted by urgent needs of low-carbon energy, the microgrid is a novel power grid form which combines units such as a distributed power supply, an energy storage device and a controllable load together, an alternating current and direct current flexible power supply mode exists and can run in an island state and a grid-connected state, in recent years, a direct current microgrid is simple by virtue of a control method, the problems of reactive power flow, frequency control, power angle stability and the like in an alternating current microgrid do not exist, the direct current microgrid is widely concerned by experts at home and abroad, and compared with the alternating current microgrid, the direct current microgrid is simple in structure, few in conversion links, high in energy efficiency and rapid in development.
Because there is no reactive power flow in the dc microgrid and complicated control of frequency, phase, etc. in the ac system does not need to be considered, therefore the dc bus voltage becomes an important index for measuring the stable operation of the dc microgrid, and because of the discontinuity of renewable energy power generation and the unpredictability of load fluctuation, the energy storage device needs to be integrated into the dc microgrid to maintain the power balance under the normal voltage level, and as an important component of the dc microgrid, the energy storage system plays a very important role in stabilizing the system power fluctuation and stabilizing the system bus voltage: the energy storage device can provide energy support and power compensation for the power system in a mode of storing and releasing energy, and in addition, the development of the energy storage technology can effectively solve the contradiction between the distributed power generation unit and the load demand and improve the power supply stability of the whole micro-grid and the large grid.
However, a single energy storage device is difficult to satisfy the characteristics of high energy density, high power density, long service life and the like, so that two or more different energy storage elements need to be combined into a hybrid energy storage system, the advantages of each energy storage device are exerted under a proper control strategy, the complementary advantages are realized, and the suppression effect on the power fluctuation of the micro-grid is achieved.
Among various Energy Storage media, Battery Energy Storage (BESS) has the advantages of large Energy density, high capacity, mature process and the like; the Super Capacitor (SC) has the characteristics of high power density and high response speed, can quickly respond to power sudden change, can frequently perform charging and discharging actions, has good development prospect in the aspects of voltage stabilization and power balance, is suitable for micro-grid occasions with renewable energy power generation and frequent fluctuation of load power, can show that the advantages of a storage battery and the super capacitor are complementary, and a hybrid energy storage system formed by combining the storage battery and the super capacitor is applied to a micro-grid, can fully play the advantages of the storage battery and the super capacitor, and fully meets the increasing power and energy requirements of the micro-grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a photovoltaic direct-current micro-grid coordination control method with hybrid energy storage, which is characterized in that a low-pass filter is used for distributing the power born by a super capacitor and a storage battery so as to fully utilize the advantages of two different types of energy storage devices; in addition, mutual transmission of energy between the energy storage device and the direct-current bus side is controlled through the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and stable operation of a power system is maintained. Compared with the traditional method, the method can avoid complex parameter setting and large amount of calculation, is flexible to control, considers the service life of the energy storage device, and improves the running economy.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a photovoltaic direct-current micro-grid coordination control method with hybrid energy storage comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building a control strategy of the photovoltaic power generation system, and enabling the photovoltaic power generation system to operate in a maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) mode and a Constant Voltage Control (CVC) mode;
step two: dividing the operation mode of the direct-current micro-grid into a plurality of working modes according to the characteristics of the storage battery and the super capacitor;
step three: establishing a low-pass filter model, and realizing power distribution borne by the hybrid energy storage system through the low-pass filter;
step four: working currents of the super capacitor and the storage battery are calculated according to the respective borne power and terminal voltage of the super capacitor and the storage battery; comparing a charge-discharge current reference value of the energy storage device with an actual working current, and designing a control mode of the bidirectional DC/DC converter;
step five: when the photovoltaic power generation system and the energy storage device in the direct current microgrid are not enough to stabilize power fluctuation in the system or the energy storage device fails to participate in regulation, the direct current microgrid is merged into a large power grid through the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the large power grid is used for stabilizing the power fluctuation in the system.
In the first step, a Boost converter is connected to a photovoltaic power generation system to enable the photovoltaic power generation system to operate in a maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) mode and a Constant Voltage Control (CVC) mode, the MPPT mode is used for seeking the optimal working state of a photovoltaic battery, and the method is realized by using an incremental conductance method:
according to the P-U characteristic curve of the photovoltaic cell, when the illumination intensity and the temperature are constant, the output P-U function of the cell has only one extreme value, that is, dP/dU is 0, the photovoltaic cell operates at the maximum power point, and the dP/dU signs on both sides of the maximum power point are opposite, and the derivative is obtained for the output power P of the photovoltaic cell, so that:
Figure BDA0003214247530000021
let dP/dU equal to 0, substitute formula (1), and obtain:
Figure BDA0003214247530000031
when the photovoltaic cell obtained by the arrangement formula (2) is at the maximum power point, the voltage U and the current I meet the following requirements:
Figure BDA0003214247530000032
from the above analysis, it can be seen that:
when dI/dU>At I/U, U is less than the maximum power point voltage U of the photovoltaic cellmDisturbing towards the voltage increasing direction;
when dI/dU<At I/U, U is greater than the maximum power point voltage U of the photovoltaic cellmDisturbing towards the voltage reduction direction;
when dI/dU is equal to-I/U, the maximum power point tracking is realized, and the output power of the photovoltaic cell is at the maximum power point.
When the system normally operates, a Boost converter accessed by the photovoltaic power generation system works in a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) mode, and solar energy is converted into electric energy at the maximum efficiency;
when the system is in an island operation state, the energy storage device is in fault or cannot participate in regulating the voltage of the direct-current bus, or when the grid-connected operation state cannot convey residual power to the direct-current micro-grid, the Boost converter adopts a Constant Voltage Control (CVC) mode to collect the voltage U of the direct-current busdcWith its given value Udc_refAnd comparing, sending the generated error to a PI controller, generating pulse by an output value through a PWM circuit, and controlling the on-off of the IGBT to achieve the purpose of constant voltage control.
In the second step, for the direct-current micro-grid, no matter the operation and the isolated island or grid-connected mode of the direct-current micro-grid, the voltage of a direct-current bus of the direct-current micro-grid needs to be ensured to be stable; stabilizing the dc bus voltage means that the power between the load and the power source reaches a balanced state, and in order to fully exert the advantages of the storage battery and the super capacitor, the dc bus voltage is stabilized, and Δ P is defined as the difference between the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system and the power required by the load, that is, Δ P ═ Ppv-Pload，PpvAnd PloadRespectively representing the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system and the power required by the load,the invention provides a method for utilizing power layering point delta PlayAs the working mode switching point of the storage battery and the super capacitor, when | delta P | ≧ | delta PlayWhen | Δ P |, the super capacitor takes charge of the power fluctuation in the system, and when | Δ P |<|ΔPlayIn the case of I, the storage battery bears the power fluctuation in the system, and the terminal voltage U is set according to different control requirements among modules and considering that the capacity of the super capacitor is generally lowscAt normal upper and lower limits Usc_max，Usc_minInternal working; considering the characteristic that the storage battery cannot be charged and discharged frequently, the SOC of the storage battery is set at the upper and lower normal limitsmax、SOCminWorking within the range.
In the second step, the operation mode of the direct current microgrid is divided into 8 working modes:
mode 1: when Δ P>When the power is 0, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system is larger than the power required by the load, and if delta P is greater than the power required by the load>ΔPlayAnd U issc≤Usc_maxThe photovoltaic power generation system can not only meet the requirement of the load, but also have more surplus power, and can provide certain energy for the super capacitor, and at the moment, the super capacitor enters a charging state, and when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is greater than the maximum charging limit value, the mode is switched to a mode 2;
mode 2: in the state of mode 1, if Usc>Usc_maxWhen the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum charge limit value, the hybrid energy storage device quits running, the direct-current micro-grid is merged into the large power grid, and redundant power in the system is transmitted to the large power grid;
mode 3: when Δ P>When the power is 0, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system is larger than the power required by the load, and if delta P is less than or equal to delta PlayAnd SOCbat≤SOCmaxAlthough the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system can meet the load requirement, the surplus power is less, certain energy can be provided for the storage battery, and the storage battery enters a charging state at the moment, and when the power is storedWhen the SOC of the pool reaches the maximum charging limit value, switching to a mode 4;
mode 4: in the state of mode 3, SOC at this timebat>SOCmaxWhen the terminal voltage of the super capacitor reaches the maximum limit charge value, the hybrid energy storage device quits running, and at the moment, the direct-current micro-grid is merged into the large power grid, and redundant power in the system is transmitted to the large power grid;
mode 5: when Δ P<When the power is 0, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system is less than the power required by the load, and if delta P is less than or equal to minus delta PlayAnd U issc≥Usc_minIf the voltage of the end of the super capacitor is reduced to the minimum limit discharge value, the mode is switched to the mode 6;
mode 6, in the state of mode 5, if Usc<Usc_minWhen the SOC of the storage battery is smaller than the limit discharge minimum value, the hybrid energy storage device quits running, the direct-current micro-grid is merged into the large power grid, and the large power grid provides support for the power shortage in the system;
mode 7: when Δ P<When the power is 0, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system is smaller than the power required by the load, and if delta P is smaller than the power required by the load>-ΔPlayAnd SOCbat≥SOCminAnd the photovoltaic power generation system is insufficient in power generation to meet the requirement of the load, the power shortage is small, the storage battery provides certain energy for supporting, and the storage battery enters a discharging state. When the SOC of the storage battery is reduced to the minimum limit discharge value, switching to a mode 8;
mode 8: in the state of mode 7, if SOCbat<SOCminAt the moment, the storage battery stops running, power fluctuation in the system is borne by the super capacitor, the photovoltaic power generation system is not enough for generating power to meet the requirement of the load, the super capacitor provides certain energy support, the super capacitor enters a discharging state, when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is smaller than the limited minimum value of the super capacitor, the hybrid energy storage device quits running, the direct-current micro-grid is merged into the large power grid, and the large power grid provides support for the power shortage in the system. In view of the fact that the output of the direct-current microgrid has instability and unpredictability of load fluctuation, when the direct-current microgrid operates in different working modes, the direct-current microgrid needs to apply different control strategies to ensure the stability of the direct-current bus voltage.
In the third step, the power distribution born by the storage battery and the super capacitor is realized by the low-pass filter, and as can be seen from the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the low-pass filter, the curve is monotonically decreased, namely the higher the frequency, the smaller the output amplitude, thereby achieving the purpose of passing low frequency and blocking high frequency. According to the characteristics of the storage battery and the super capacitor, the storage battery bears the part with low frequency of power change, the super capacitor bears high-frequency power fluctuation, and the transfer function of the first-order low-pass filter is as follows:
Figure BDA0003214247530000051
in the formula (4), T is a filter time constant; s is a differential operator;
formula (4) is substituted with s ═ j ω, and the transfer function and amplitude-frequency characteristic function of the first-order low-pass filter are obtained as shown in formula (5) and formula (6), respectively:
Figure BDA0003214247530000052
Figure BDA0003214247530000053
as can be seen from the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the first-order low-pass filter, the first-order low-pass filterThe wave filter has strong inhibiting effect on the passing of high-frequency signals, and low-frequency signals can pass more easily, wherein omega c1/T is the cut-off frequency of the first order low pass filter. When the filtering time constant T is larger, the cutoff frequency is lower, i.e. the lower the signal frequency is allowed to pass through the filter, more signals can be filtered through the low-pass filter, and the smoother the obtained signal is;
according to the power relationship of each unit of the direct-current microgrid and the principle of a low-pass filter: for the high frequency needing to be cut off, the passing of the high frequency is blocked by using a method of capacitance absorption and inductance blocking, and for the low frequency needing to be cut off, the high frequency passing is enabled by using the characteristics of high resistance of the capacitance and low resistance of the inductance. The available hybrid energy storage device is charged with power:
Phess＝Pbat+Psc＝Pdc+Pload-Ppv (7)
wherein, PhessRepresenting the power charged by the hybrid energy storage device, PbatRepresenting the power borne by the battery, PscRepresenting the power borne by the supercapacitor, PdcRepresenting power on DC bus voltage, PloadRepresenting the power required by the load, PpvRepresenting the power P generated by the photovoltaic and borne by the hybrid energy storage devicehessAnd obtaining a smooth part after passing through a first-order low-pass filter, wherein the smooth part is used as reference power borne by a storage battery:
Figure BDA0003214247530000054
in the formula (8), the filtering time constant T can be determined according to the frequency band of the storage battery for stabilizing the power fluctuation, and the hybrid energy storage device bears the power PhessThe remaining ripple part of (2) is borne by the super capacitor:
Figure BDA0003214247530000055
in the formula (9), wherein PhessRepresenting the power charged by the hybrid energy storage device, PbatIndicating charge of the batteryPower of Psc_refRepresenting the reference power borne by the supercapacitor, Pbat_refAnd T is a filter time constant.
In the fourth step, the reference value P of the absorbed power of the storage battery and the super capacitor obtained in the third stepbat_ref、Psc_refRespectively connected to its terminal voltage ubat、uscDividing to obtain a reference value i of the charging and discharging current of the storage battery and the super capacitorbat_ref、isc_refAnd then the bidirectional DC/DC converter is controlled, so that the absorption or release of the system power by the energy storage device is realized.
In the fourth step, the control principle of the bidirectional DC/DC converter is as follows:
in a bidirectional DC/DC converter control circuit, an energy storage device charges and discharges a reference current irefComparing with the actual working current i, sending the generated error to the PI controller, and limiting the output of the PI controller to limit the working current of the energy storage device so as to avoid damaging a switching tube;
the output value of the PI controller generates a driving pulse through a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) circuit to control a switching tube T in the bidirectional DC/DC converter1、T2During the control process, the comparator judges the given working current of the energy storage device to determine the working mode of the bidirectional DC/DC converter;
in order to prevent the influence of frequent switching of the working modes on the stability of the power system and to take account of the service life of the energy storage unit, a comparator is used to determine the working mode of the energy storage device, wherein iup、idownAnd starting current upper and lower thresholds for the energy storage device. The logic relation between the selection mode of the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the comparator is as follows:
when i isref<idownWhen the power is required to be absorbed by the energy storage device, the second comparator outputs a logic value 0, and the switching tube T is locked2Triggering pulse, outputting logic value 1 by comparator, controlling switch tube T by pulse width modulation PWM circuit1Enabling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to work in a Buck mode;
when i isdown≤iref≤iupIn the process, the fluctuation power of the system is small, the influence on the stability of the system is small, in order to avoid frequent switching of the energy storage device between the charging and discharging modes, the energy storage device is in an idle state at the moment, the logic values of the first comparator and the second comparator are both 0, the pulse signal is locked, and the power grid and the photovoltaic power generation system are enabled to provide power for the load together at the moment;
when i isref>iupWhen the energy storage device is required to send out power, the comparator outputs a logic value 0, and the switch tube T is locked1Trigger pulse, comparator two output logic value 1, control switch tube T2And operating the bidirectional DC/DC converter in a Boost mode.
In the fifth step, when the energy storage device fails or cannot participate in regulating the voltage of the direct-current bus under the island operation condition of the system, the direct-current micro-grid can be merged into the large power grid, and the large power grid provides support for power fluctuation in the direct-current micro-grid;
when the direct-current micro-grid isolated island operates, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is in a shutdown state, and no energy is exchanged between the direct-current micro-grid and the large power grid;
when the direct current microgrid operates, firstly, judging whether the generated power of the photovoltaic power generation system can meet the requirement of a load, when the energy in the microgrid is insufficient and the energy storage device is smaller than the minimum limiting and discharging value, operating the bidirectional DC/AC converter in a rectification mode, transmitting the electric energy to the direct current microgrid by the large power grid, and enabling the energy storage device to be in an idle state; if the power generation power of the photovoltaic power generation system is larger than the load power, the system preferentially charges the energy storage device, when the energy storage device is full, the residual electric energy in the direct current micro-grid is sent to the large power grid, and at the moment, the bidirectional DC/AC converter works in an inversion state;
during grid-connected operation, the power relationship in the system is as follows:
Pdc＝Ppv+Pbat+Psc-Pload+Pg (10)
in the formula, PgThe active power is connected to the grid for the bi-directional DC/AC converter,
in the grid-connected operation process of the system, when the electric energy in the system is surplus, the energy storage device is charged preferentially, and the energy storage device maintains the steady state balance of the system; when the energy storage device is full, the residual electric energy is merged into the power distribution network, and the stable state balance of the system is maintained by the bidirectional DC/AC converter; when the electric energy in the system is insufficient, the energy storage device preferentially transmits the electric energy to the direct current microgrid, and after the energy storage device finishes the electricity, the distribution network provides the energy for the microgrid;
according to the requirements, the storage battery bears power P when the system is connected to the gridbat_refBears power P with the power gridg_refThe allocations are as follows:
Figure BDA0003214247530000071
Figure BDA0003214247530000072
in the formula, PhessThe power required to be borne by the hybrid energy storage system; lambda is a power distribution coefficient during grid-connected operation;
when the photovoltaic output power is not sufficient to satisfy the load power, i.e. Ppv<PloadIf the energy storage device meets the condition that the voltage is greater than the minimum limit discharge value, P is judgedgWhen the load is equal to 0, the energy storage device discharges to make up the shortage of the load demand in the system;
if the energy storage device reaches the minimum discharge limit value, the energy storage device does not discharge any more, and the power grid and the photovoltaic power generation system provide power for the load together;
when the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system is greater than the load power, namely Ppv>PloadIf the energy storage device meets the condition of being smaller than the maximum charge limit value, P is judgedgWhen the energy is equal to 0, the rest energy in the system charges an energy storage device;
and if the energy storage device reaches the maximum charging limit value, the energy storage device is not charged any more, and the residual electric energy is inverted and then is sent to the power grid.
The super capacitor undertakes the same power formula (9), in the operation process of the system, the super capacitor compensates the transient fluctuation power in the system, and a partition limit management strategy of the energy storage device is adopted to prevent the overcharge and the overdischarge of the storage battery and the super capacitor;
the partition limit management strategy of the energy storage device is as follows: when the terminal voltage U of the SOC or super capacitor of the storage batteryscLower than its minimum limit SOCminOr Usc _minAnd when the charging is finished, the storage battery or the super capacitor is forbidden to discharge, and only the storage battery or the super capacitor is allowed to charge. When the terminal voltage U of the SOC or super capacitor of the storage batteryscAbove its maximum limit SOCmaxOr Usc_maxWhen the charging is not allowed, the energy storage device is not charged, and only the energy storage device is allowed to discharge. So as to prevent the energy storage device from being damaged by excessive charging and discharging and influence the cycle service life of the energy storage device.
Considering that deep charging and discharging has great influence on the cycle service life of the energy storage device, the control of the super capacitor and the storage battery follows the management strategy of the partition limit value of the energy storage device, the power fluctuation in the system is stabilized through the charging and discharging of the energy storage device, when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor reaches the state of limited charging or limited discharging, the storage battery bears all the power tasks of the energy storage device, and when the SOC of the storage battery reaches the state of limited charging or limited discharging, the super capacitor bears all the power tasks of the energy storage device.
The invention relates to a photovoltaic direct-current micro-grid coordination control method with hybrid energy storage, which has the following technical effects:
1) in the first step of the control method, the advantages of the photovoltaic power generation system are as follows: the photovoltaic power generation unit can realize a maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) mode and a Constant Voltage Control (CVC) mode of the photovoltaic power generation unit through a Boost circuit, and when a system normally operates, a Boost converter of the photovoltaic power generation unit works in the MPPT mode to convert solar energy into electric energy at the maximum efficiency. When the system is in an island operation condition, the energy storage device is in a fault or cannot participate in regulating the voltage of the direct-current bus, or when the grid-connected operation state cannot convey the residual power to the power grid. The Boost converter adopts a constant voltage control CVC mode to reduce the power output of the photovoltaic power generation system. And the voltage of the direct current bus in the system is kept stable.
2) In the second step of the control method, compared with the traditional control scheme, the method takes the respective charge and discharge limiting conditions of the super capacitor and the storage battery into consideration, sets the maximum value and the minimum value of the super capacitor during terminal voltage operation as the conditions of charge and discharge limitation, and sets the state of charge (SOC) of the storage battery during operation as the conditions of charge and discharge limitation, thereby considering the self-recovery requirement of the energy storage device, and improving the service life of the energy storage device and the economical efficiency of system operation.
3) In the third step of the control method, the low-pass filter used by the invention can effectively inhibit the fluctuation of high-frequency power, and low-frequency signals can pass more easily, so that the obtained signals are smoother.
4) In the fourth step of the control method, the used bidirectional DC/DC converter can work in a Boost mode and a Buck mode, when the power surplus exists at the side of the direct-current bus, the bidirectional DC/DC converter works in the Buck mode to charge the energy storage device, and when the power shortage occurs at the side of the direct-current bus, the bidirectional DC/DC converter works in the Boost mode, and the energy storage device discharges to supplement the power in the system.
5) In the fifth step of the control method, the bidirectional DC/AC converter can work in three modes of rectification, inversion or shutdown, when the power fluctuation in the microgrid is solved, the bidirectional DC/AC converter is in the shutdown working mode, when the power on the direct current bus side in the microgrid is surplus and the energy storage devices reach the respective charging limit maximum values, the bidirectional DC/AC converter works in the inversion mode at the moment, and the surplus energy in the microgrid is transmitted to the large power grid; when power shortage occurs on the direct current bus side in the micro-grid, in order to avoid frequent charging and discharging actions of the energy storage device, the large power grid preferentially provides electric energy for the micro-grid, the energy storage device is in an idle state, at the moment, the bidirectional DC/AC converter works in a rectification mode, and the large power grid provides energy support for the micro-grid.
6) The invention combines the advantages of the super capacitor and the storage battery, introduces source charge power difference information, and passes the part with low frequency of power change to the storage battery through the low-pass filter, thereby reducing the recycling frequency and optimizing the charging and discharging process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a photovoltaic-hybrid energy storage direct current microgrid.
Fig. 2 is a constant voltage control diagram of the Boost circuit.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the overall control of the system.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the amplitude-frequency characteristics of a first-order low-pass filter.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of energy storage device power distribution.
Fig. 6 is a control strategy diagram of the bidirectional DC/DC converter.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the condition that power fluctuation exists in a microgrid containing photovoltaic power generation, different energy storage devices are considered to have advantages and disadvantages on the power fluctuation suppression effect. The invention relates to a photovoltaic direct current micro-grid coordination control method containing hybrid energy storage, which adopts a hybrid energy storage system consisting of a storage battery and a super capacitor to stabilize power fluctuation in a photovoltaic micro-grid, utilizes a low-pass filter to distribute power born by the storage battery and the super capacitor, further generates driving pulses by comparing reference current and actual current of the hybrid energy storage system, and controls the working mode of a bidirectional DC/DC converter through a comparator, thereby achieving the effect of maintaining the power balance in the system. If the hybrid energy storage system is not enough to stabilize the power fluctuation in the system, the system is connected to the grid for operation by using the bidirectional DC/AC converter, and the large power grid assists in stabilizing the power fluctuation. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) building a direct-current micro-grid system comprising a photovoltaic power generation system and a hybrid energy storage system as a test system for the stability of the power system. An optical storage micro-grid system with a hybrid energy storage system is built by using MATLAB/Simulink simulation software, and the voltage rated value of the direct current bus to be researched is set as400V, the maximum output power of the photovoltaic power generation system is 10kW, and the load power is 5 kW. In order to accelerate the voltage of the super capacitor end and the SOC change speed of the storage battery, the following settings are carried out: the upper limit and the lower limit of the super capacitor voltage operation are 170V and 130V respectively, and the rated capacity is 10F; the capacity of the storage battery is 1.5 A.h, the terminal voltage is 150V, and the SOC normally works at 20-90%; delta Play1.5 kW. Other parameters may be found in table 1:
TABLE 1 Bi-directional DC/DC converter operating mode selection
Figure BDA0003214247530000091
Figure BDA0003214247530000101
TABLE 2 values of the power distribution coefficient λ
Figure BDA0003214247530000102
In the active power distribution network system, the maximum output power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is 10kW, the MPPT mode of maximum power tracking control in the microgrid is realized by adopting an incremental conductance method, and the formula (3) is used as a reference.
Figure BDA0003214247530000103
In formula (3), when dI/dU>At I/U, U is less than the maximum power point voltage U of the photovoltaic cellmDisturbing towards the voltage increasing direction; when dI/dU<At I/U, U is greater than the maximum power point voltage U of the photovoltaic cellmDisturbing towards the voltage reduction direction; when dI/dU is-I/U, the maximum power point tracking is realized, the output power of the photovoltaic cell is 10kW of the maximum power point, and the requirement of the maximum power tracking is met.
Step two: defining Δ P as photovoltaic power generation for stabilizing DC bus voltageDifference between output power of electric system and power required by load, i.e. Δ P ═ Ppv-Pload，PpvAnd PloadRespectively representing the output power and the power required by the load of the photovoltaic power generation system, and setting a power difference signal delta P based on the source loadlayAs the working mode switching point of the storage battery and the super capacitor, when | delta P | ≧ | delta PlayWhen | Δ P |, the super capacitor takes charge of power fluctuation in the system<|ΔPlayWhen l, the power fluctuation in the system is borne by the storage battery. In energy storage systems, the units typically distribute the load power, Δ P, in proportion to their capacitylayCan be set as
△Play＝γ△Pmax (13)
In the formula (13), gamma is the ratio of the super capacitor action area to the maximum source-load power difference of the system, and delta PmaxThe maximum source charge-power difference possibly occurring in the system, and beta is the ratio of the capacity of the super capacitor in the system to the capacity of the whole energy storage device. Delta PlayThe value of (a) cannot be too small, otherwise the advantages of the two energy storage devices cannot be effectively utilized, and in sum, γ is preferably (0.5-1) β.
In addition, considering that the capacity of the super capacitor is generally low, the terminal voltage U needs to be setscAt normal upper and lower limits Usc_max，Usc_minThe internal work, considering the characteristic that the storage battery can not be charged and discharged frequently, in order to improve the service life of the storage battery, the SOC of the storage battery must be set at the upper and lower normal limits SOCmax、SOCminWorking within the range. The terminal voltage of the super capacitor is 160V, and the SOC of the storage battery is 80%, which all meet the requirements.
Step three: the power needed to be born by the super capacitor and the storage battery is distributed through a low-pass filter, and is respectively shown as a formula (8) and a formula (9),
Figure BDA0003214247530000111
in the formula, the filter time constant T can be determined according to the frequency band in which the power fluctuation of the battery needs to be stabilized. Hybrid energy storage system bearing power PhessThe remaining ripple part of (2) is borne by the super capacitor:
Figure BDA0003214247530000112
step four: the working current of the super capacitor and the working current of the storage battery can be calculated through the power and voltage born by the super capacitor and the storage battery respectively, and the working mode of the bidirectional DC/DC converter is determined by judging the given working current of the energy storage device through the comparator, so that the mutual energy transmission between the direct current bus side and the energy storage side is realized, the fluctuation of a power meter in a system is stabilized, and the running stability of the system is improved. Step five: the interconnection between the micro-grid and the large grid is realized through the bidirectional DC/AC converter, when an energy storage device in the micro-grid fails or cannot participate in regulating the voltage of the direct-current bus, the large grid can provide energy support for the micro-grid at the moment, and when the direct-current micro-grid is in grid-connected operation, whether the power provided by the photovoltaic power generation system can meet the load requirement is judged at first. When the energy in the microgrid is insufficient, the bidirectional DC/AC converter works in a rectification mode, the microgrid transmits electric energy to the microgrid, and the storage battery is in an idle state; if the photovoltaic power generation power is larger than the load power, the system preferentially charges the storage battery, after the storage battery is fully charged, the residual electric energy in the microgrid is sent to the large power grid, and at the moment, the bidirectional DC/AC converter works in an inversion state.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a photovoltaic-hybrid energy storage direct current microgrid, and the photovoltaic direct current microgrid with hybrid energy storage integrally comprises a hybrid energy storage system, a bidirectional DC/DC control system, a photovoltaic power generation system and a grid connection part. The photovoltaic cell is connected with the direct-current bus through the Boost converter, and the functions of maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) output by the photovoltaic cell and Constant Voltage Control (CVC) of the direct-current bus voltage can be realized. The direct current bus is connected with the direct current load and the alternating current load through the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the bidirectional AC/DC converter respectively to provide required energy for the loads, the hybrid energy storage system realizes mutual transmission of the energy of the storage battery, the super capacitor and the direct current bus side through the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the direct current system is connected with a power grid through the bidirectional DC/AC converter and can work in a grid-connected or island operation state.
Fig. 2 is a constant voltage control block diagram of a Boost circuit connected to a photovoltaic power generation system, and is a measure for stabilizing the dc bus voltage of a microgrid when an energy storage device fails or cannot participate in adjusting the dc bus voltage in an island operation state of the system or when residual power cannot be transmitted to the grid in a grid-connected operation state.
Fig. 3 is a general control strategy of the system, including the condition for switching between the working modes, so as to achieve the purpose of smooth switching of the working modes in the system.
Fig. 6 is a control strategy diagram of a bidirectional DC/DC converter, which shows the interconnection of the energy storage system and the energy at the side of the DC bus, and is beneficial to adjusting the power fluctuation in the microgrid, reducing the frequent actions of the energy storage device, and improving the stability of the system operation.

Claims (9)

1.一种含混合储能的光伏直流微电网协调控制方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：1. a photovoltaic direct current microgrid coordination control method containing hybrid energy storage, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: 步骤一：搭建光伏发电系统的控制策略，使其运行在最大功率跟踪控制MPPT模式和恒压控制CVC模式；Step 1: Set up the control strategy of the photovoltaic power generation system to make it run in the maximum power tracking control MPPT mode and the constant voltage control CVC mode; 步骤二：根据蓄电池与超级电容特点，将直流微电网的运行模式划分为多个工作模式；Step 2: According to the characteristics of the battery and the super capacitor, the operation mode of the DC microgrid is divided into multiple working modes; 步骤三：建立低通滤波器模型，通过低通滤波器实现混合储能系统所承担的功率分配；Step 3: Establish a low-pass filter model, and realize the power distribution undertaken by the hybrid energy storage system through the low-pass filter; 步骤四：通过超级电容与蓄电池各自承担的功率与端电压，计算出二者的工作电流；并通过储能装置的充放电电流参考值与实际工作电流进行比较，设计双向DC/DC变换器的控制方式；Step 4: Calculate the working current of the supercapacitor and the battery according to their respective power and terminal voltage; and compare the charging and discharging current reference value of the energy storage device with the actual working current to design the bidirectional DC/DC converter. control method; 步骤五：当直流微电网内光伏发电系统和储能装置不足以平抑系统中的功率波动、或储能装置故障无法参与调节时，通过双向DC/DC变换器将直流微电网并入大电网，由大电网为直流微电网平抑系统中的功率波动。Step 5: When the photovoltaic power generation system and the energy storage device in the DC microgrid are not enough to smooth the power fluctuations in the system, or the energy storage device fails to participate in the adjustment, the DC microgrid is merged into the large grid through the bidirectional DC/DC converter. The power fluctuation in the system is stabilized by the large grid for the DC microgrid. 2.根据权利要求1所述一种含混合储能的光伏直流微电网协调控制方法，其特征在于：2. A kind of photovoltaic direct current microgrid coordination control method containing hybrid energy storage according to claim 1, is characterized in that: 所述步骤一中，在光伏发电系统接入Boost变换器，使其运行在最大功率跟踪控制MPPT模式和恒压控制CVC模式，最大功率跟踪控制MPPT模式用于寻求光伏电池的最优工作状态，用增量电导法来实现：In the step 1, the Boost converter is connected to the photovoltaic power generation system to make it operate in the maximum power tracking control MPPT mode and the constant voltage control CVC mode, and the maximum power tracking control MPPT mode is used to seek the optimal working state of the photovoltaic cell, Using the incremental conductance method to achieve: 由光伏电池P-U特性曲线可知，当光照强度与温度恒定时，电池的输出P-U函数仅有一个极值，即dP/dU＝0时，光伏电池工作在最大功率点，且在最大功率点两侧dP/dU符号相反，对光伏电池的输出功率P求导，可得：It can be seen from the P-U characteristic curve of the photovoltaic cell that when the light intensity and temperature are constant, the output P-U function of the battery has only one extreme value, that is, when dP/dU=0, the photovoltaic cell works at the maximum power point and is on both sides of the maximum power point. The signs of dP/dU are opposite. Taking the derivative of the output power P of the photovoltaic cell, we can get:
Figure FDA0003214247520000011
Figure FDA0003214247520000011
 令dP/dU＝0，代入式(1)，得：Let dP/dU=0, substitute into formula (1), get:
Figure FDA0003214247520000012
Figure FDA0003214247520000012
 整理式(2)得光伏电池处于最大功率点时，电压U和电流I,满足：According to formula (2), when the photovoltaic cell is at the maximum power point, the voltage U and current I satisfy:
Figure FDA0003214247520000013
Figure FDA0003214247520000013
 当dI/dU>-I/U时，U小于光伏电池的最大功率点电压Um，向电压增大方向进行扰动；When dI/dU>-I/U, U is less than the maximum power point voltage U m of the photovoltaic cell, and the disturbance is performed in the direction of voltage increase; 当dI/dU<-I/U时，U大于光伏电池的最大功率点电压Um，向电压减小方向进行扰动；When dI/dU<-I/U, U is greater than the maximum power point voltage U m of the photovoltaic cell, and the disturbance is performed in the direction of voltage reduction; 当dI/dU＝-I/U时，实现了最大功率点跟踪，光伏电池输出功率处在最大功率点处；When dI/dU=-I/U, the maximum power point tracking is realized, and the output power of the photovoltaic cell is at the maximum power point; 当系统正常运行时，光伏发电系统接入的Boost变换器工作在最大功率跟踪控制MPPT模式，以最大效率将太阳能转化为电能；When the system is in normal operation, the Boost converter connected to the photovoltaic power generation system works in the maximum power tracking control MPPT mode to convert solar energy into electrical energy with maximum efficiency; 当系统在孤岛运行状况下，储能装置故障或无法参与调节直流母线电压时，或者在并网运行状态无法向直流微电网输送剩余功率时，Boost变换器采用恒压控制CVC模式，将采集到的直流母线电压Udc与其给定值Udc_ref进行比较，产生误差送入PI控制器，输出值经过PWM电路产生脉冲，通过控制IGBT的通断，来达到恒压控制的目的。When the system is operating in an islanded state, the energy storage device fails or cannot participate in regulating the DC bus voltage, or when the grid-connected operation state cannot deliver residual power to the DC microgrid, the Boost converter adopts the constant voltage control CVC mode to collect the collected data. The DC bus voltage U dc is compared with its given value U dc_ref , and the error is sent to the PI controller. The output value generates pulses through the PWM circuit, and the purpose of constant voltage control is achieved by controlling the on-off of the IGBT. 3.根据权利要求1所述一种含混合储能的光伏直流微电网协调控制方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中，定义ΔP为光伏发电系统输出功率与负荷所需功率之差，即ΔP＝Ppv-Pload，Ppv与Pload分别表示光伏发电系统输出功率与负荷所需功率，利用功率分层点ΔPlay作为蓄电池与超级电容的工作模式切换点，当|ΔP|≥|ΔPlay|时，由超级电容承担系统中的功率波动，当|ΔP|<|ΔPlay|时，由蓄电池承担系统中的功率波动，根据各模块之间的控制要求不同，考虑到超级电容的容量一般较低，设置其端电压Usc在正常上下限Usc_max，Usc_min内工作；考虑到蓄电池不能频繁充放电的特点，设置其SOC在正常的上下限SOCmax、SOCmin范围内工作。3. The method for coordinated control of a photovoltaic DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, ΔP is defined as the difference between the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system and the power required by the load, that is, ΔP=P pv -P load , P pv and P load represent the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system and the power required by the load, respectively, and the power stratification point ΔP lay is used as the working mode switching point of the battery and the super capacitor. When |ΔP|≥| When ΔP lay |, the supercapacitor is responsible for the power fluctuation in the system. When |ΔP|<|ΔP lay |, the battery is responsible for the power fluctuation in the system. The capacity is generally low, and the terminal voltage U sc is set to work within the normal upper and lower limits U sc_max and U sc_min ; considering the characteristics of the battery that cannot be frequently charged and discharged, set its SOC to work within the normal upper and lower limits of SOC max and SOC min . 4.根据权利要求3所述一种含混合储能的光伏直流微电网协调控制方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中，将直流微电网的运行模式划分为8个工作模式：4. A photovoltaic DC microgrid coordination control method with hybrid energy storage according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the second step, the operation mode of the DC microgrid is divided into 8 working modes: 模式1：当ΔP>0时，此时光伏发电系统输出功率大于负载所需功率，若ΔP>ΔPlay，且Usc≤Usc_max，则光伏发电系统发电不仅可以满足负载的需求，而且功率盈余较多，能够为超级电容提供一定的能量，此时超级电容进入充电状态，当超级电容的端电压大于其限充最大值时，切换到模式2；Mode 1: When ΔP>0, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system is greater than the power required by the load. If ΔP>ΔP lay , and U sc ≤U sc_max , the photovoltaic power generation system can generate power not only to meet the load demand, but also to have a surplus of power. It can provide a certain amount of energy for the supercapacitor. At this time, the supercapacitor enters the charging state. When the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor is greater than its maximum charging limit, it switches to mode 2; 模式2：在模式1的状态下，若Usc>Usc_max，此时超级电容停止运行，系统中的功率波动由蓄电池承担，此时光伏发电系统发电不仅可以满足负载的需求，还能够为蓄电池提供一定的能量，蓄电池进入充电状态，当蓄电池的SOC达到其限充最大值时，混合储能装置退出运行，此时将直流微电网并入大电网，将系统中多余的功率传送到大电网；Mode 2: In the state of Mode 1, if U sc >U sc_max , the super capacitor stops running, and the power fluctuation in the system is borne by the battery. At this time, the photovoltaic power generation system can generate electricity not only to meet the needs of the load, but also for the battery. Provide a certain amount of energy, and the battery enters the charging state. When the SOC of the battery reaches its maximum charging limit, the hybrid energy storage device exits operation. At this time, the DC microgrid is merged into the large power grid, and the excess power in the system is transmitted to the large power grid. ; 模式3：当ΔP>0时，此时光伏发电系统输出功率大于负载所需功率，若ΔP≤ΔPlay,且SOCbat≤SOCmax，则光伏发电系统发电虽然可以满足负载的需求，但功率盈余较少，能够为蓄电池提供一定的能量，此时蓄电池进入充电状态，当蓄电池的SOC达到其限充最大值时，切换到模式4；Mode 3: When ΔP>0, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system is greater than the power required by the load. If ΔP≤ΔP lay , and SOC bat ≤ SOC max , the photovoltaic power generation system can generate electricity to meet the needs of the load, but the power surplus It can provide a certain amount of energy for the battery. At this time, the battery enters the charging state. When the SOC of the battery reaches its maximum charge limit value, it switches to mode 4; 模式4：在模式3的状态下，此时SOCbat>SOCmax，蓄电池停止运行，系统中的功率波动由超级电容承担，此时光伏发电系统发电不仅可以满足负载的需求，还能够为超级电容提供一定的能量，超级电容进入充电状态，当超级电容的端电压达到其限充最大值时，混合储能装置退出运行，此时将直流微电网并入大电网，将系统中多余的功率传送到大电网；Mode 4: In the state of Mode 3, when SOC bat >SOC max , the battery stops running, and the power fluctuation in the system is borne by the super capacitor. At this time, the photovoltaic power generation system can generate electricity not only to meet the needs of the load, but also for the super capacitor. Provide a certain amount of energy, and the super capacitor enters the charging state. When the terminal voltage of the super capacitor reaches its maximum charging limit, the hybrid energy storage device exits operation. At this time, the DC microgrid is merged into the large power grid to transfer the excess power in the system. to the large grid; 模式5：当ΔP<0时，此时光伏发电系统输出功率小于负载所需功率，若ΔP≤-ΔPlay,且Usc≥Usc_min，则光伏发电系统发电不足以满足负载的需求，而且功率缺额较大，此时由超级电容提供一定的能量支撑，超级电容进入放电状态，当超级电容的端电压下降至其限放最小值时，切换到模式6；Mode 5: When ΔP<0, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system is less than the power required by the load. If ΔP≤-ΔP lay , and U sc ≥U sc_min , the photovoltaic power generation system does not generate enough power to meet the load demand, and the power When the shortage is large, the supercapacitor provides a certain energy support at this time, and the supercapacitor enters the discharge state. When the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor drops to its minimum discharge limit value, it switches to mode 6; 模式6，在模式5的状态下，若Usc<Usc_min，此时超级电容停止运行，系统中的功率波动由蓄电池承担，此时光伏发电系统发电不足以满足负载需求，由蓄电池提供一定的能量支撑，蓄电池进入放电状态，当蓄电池的SOC小于其限放最小值时，混合储能装置退出运行，此时将直流微电网并入大电网，由大电网为系统中的功率缺额提供支撑；Mode 6, in the state of Mode 5, if U sc <U sc_min , the super capacitor stops running at this time, and the power fluctuation in the system is borne by the battery. At this time, the photovoltaic power generation system does not generate enough electricity to meet the load demand, and the battery provides a certain amount of power. Energy support, the battery enters the discharge state. When the SOC of the battery is less than the minimum value of its discharge limit, the hybrid energy storage device exits operation. At this time, the DC microgrid is merged into the large power grid, and the large power grid provides support for the power shortage in the system; 模式7：当ΔP<0时，此时光伏发电系统输出功率小于负载所需功率，若ΔP>-ΔPlay,且SOCbat≥SOCmin，则光伏发电系统发电不足以满足负载的需求，而且功率缺额较小，此时由蓄电池提供一定的能量支撑，蓄电池进入放电状态；当蓄电池的SOC下降至其限放最小值时，切换至模式8；Mode 7: When ΔP<0, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system is less than the power required by the load. If ΔP>-ΔP lay , and SOC bat ≥ SOC min , the photovoltaic power generation system does not generate enough power to meet the demand of the load, and the power When the shortage is small, the battery provides a certain amount of energy support at this time, and the battery enters the discharge state; when the SOC of the battery drops to its minimum discharge limit, it switches to mode 8; 模式8：在模式7的状态下，若SOCbat<SOCmin，此时蓄电池停止运行，系统中的功率波动由超级电容承担，光伏发电系统发电不足以满足负载的需求，此时由超级电容提供一定的能量支撑，超级电容进入放电状态，当超级电容的端电压小于其限放最小值时，混合储能装置退出运行，此时将直流微电网并入大电网，由大电网为系统中的功率缺额提供支撑。Mode 8: In the state of Mode 7, if SOC bat <SOC min , the battery stops running, the power fluctuation in the system is borne by the super capacitor, and the photovoltaic power generation system does not generate enough power to meet the demand of the load, and the super capacitor provides power at this time. With a certain energy support, the supercapacitor enters the discharge state. When the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor is less than its minimum discharge limit value, the hybrid energy storage device exits operation. At this time, the DC microgrid is merged into the large power grid, and the large power grid is used as the power grid in the system. Power deficit provides support. 5.根据权利要求1所述一种含混合储能的光伏直流微电网协调控制方法，其特征在于：所述步骤三中，蓄电池与超级电容所承担的功率分配，通过低通滤波器来实现，根据蓄电池与超级电容各自的特性，让蓄电池承担功率变化低频的部分，超级电容承担高频功率波动，一阶低通滤波器的传递函数为：5 . The coordinated control method for a photovoltaic DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage according to claim 1 , wherein in the third step, the power distribution undertaken by the battery and the super capacitor is realized by a low-pass filter. 6 . , according to the respective characteristics of the battery and the super capacitor, let the battery bear the low frequency part of the power change, and the super capacitor bear the high frequency power fluctuation. The transfer function of the first-order low-pass filter is:
Figure FDA0003214247520000031
Figure FDA0003214247520000031
 式(4)中，T为滤波器时间常数；s为微分算子；In formula (4), T is the filter time constant; s is the differential operator; 将s＝jω代入式(4)，得到一阶低通滤波器的传递函数和幅频特性函数分别如式(5)和式(6)所示：Substituting s=jω into equation (4), the transfer function and amplitude-frequency characteristic function of the first-order low-pass filter are obtained as shown in equations (5) and (6), respectively:
Figure FDA0003214247520000032
Figure FDA0003214247520000032
Figure FDA0003214247520000033
Figure FDA0003214247520000033
 由一阶低通滤波器的幅频特性可以看出，一阶低通滤波器对高频信号的通过有很强的抑制作用，低频信号更容易通过，其中，ωc＝1/T是一阶低通滤波器的的截止频率；当滤波时间常数T越大，截止频率越低，即允许通过该滤波器信号频率越低，更多信号能通过低通滤波器来滤波，得到的信号越平滑；From the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the first-order low-pass filter, it can be seen that the first-order low-pass filter has a strong inhibitory effect on the passage of high-frequency signals, and low-frequency signals are easier to pass, where ω c =1/T is a The cutoff frequency of the first-order low-pass filter; when the filter time constant T is larger, the cut-off frequency is lower, that is, the lower the frequency of the signal allowed to pass through the filter, the more signals can be filtered by the low-pass filter, and the higher the signal obtained. smooth; 根据直流微电网各单元功率关系与低通滤波器的原理，可得孤岛运行状态下混合储能装置所承担的功率为：According to the power relationship of each unit of the DC microgrid and the principle of the low-pass filter, the power borne by the hybrid energy storage device in the island operating state can be obtained as follows: Phess＝Pbat+Psc＝Pdc+Pload-Ppv (7)P hess =P bat +P sc =P dc +P load -P pv (7) 其中，Phess表示混合储能装置承担的功率，Pbat表示蓄电池所承担的功率，Psc表示超级电容承担的功率，Pdc表示直流母线电压上的功率，Pload表示负荷所需功率，Ppv表示光伏所发功率，将混合储能装置承担的功率Phess经过一阶低通滤波器后得到平滑的部分，作为蓄电池承担的参考功率:Among them, P hess represents the power borne by the hybrid energy storage device, P bat represents the power borne by the battery, P sc represents the power borne by the super capacitor, P dc represents the power on the DC bus voltage, P load represents the power required by the load, and P pv represents the power generated by photovoltaics, and the power P hess borne by the hybrid energy storage device is passed through a first-order low-pass filter to obtain a smooth part, which is used as the reference power borne by the battery:
Figure FDA0003214247520000041
Figure FDA0003214247520000041
 式(8)中，滤波时间常数T，可根据蓄电池需要平抑功率波动的频带确定，混合储能装置承担功率Phess中的剩余波动部分由超级电容承担：In formula (8), the filter time constant T can be determined according to the frequency band that the battery needs to smoothen the power fluctuations, and the remaining fluctuation part of the power P hess assumed by the hybrid energy storage device is assumed by the super capacitor:
Figure FDA0003214247520000042
Figure FDA0003214247520000042
 6.根据权利要求1所述一种含混合储能的光伏直流微电网协调控制方法，其特征在于：所述步骤四中，通过步骤三中得到的的蓄电池与超级电容承担功率参考值Pbat_ref、Psc_ref分别与其端电压ubat、usc相除，得到蓄电池与超级电容器充放电电流的参考值ibat_ref、isc_ref，然后对双向DC/DC变换器进行控制，从而实现储能装置对系统功率的吸收或释放。6 . The method for coordinated control of a photovoltaic DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage according to claim 1 , wherein in the step 4, the reference value P bat_ref of power is assumed by the battery and the super capacitor obtained in the step 3. 7 . , P sc_ref are divided by their terminal voltages u bat , u sc respectively to obtain the reference values i bat_ref and is sc_ref of the charging and discharging current of the battery and the supercapacitor, and then the bidirectional DC/DC converter is controlled to realize the energy storage device to the system Absorption or release of power. 7.根据权利要求6所述一种含混合储能的光伏直流微电网协调控制方法，其特征在于：所述步骤四中，双向DC/DC变换器控制原理为：7. The method for coordinated control of a photovoltaic DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage according to claim 6, wherein in the step 4, the control principle of the bidirectional DC/DC converter is: 在双向DC/DC变换器控制电路中，储能装置充放电参考电流iref与其实际工作电流i进行比较，产生的误差送入PI控制器，同时对PI控制器的输出进行限幅，限制储能装置工作电流，以免损坏开关管；In the bidirectional DC/DC converter control circuit, the charging and discharging reference current i ref of the energy storage device is compared with its actual working current i, and the error generated is sent to the PI controller, and the output of the PI controller is limited to limit the storage It can install the working current to avoid damage to the switch tube; PI控制器输出值经脉宽调制PWM电路产生驱动脉冲，控制双向DC/DC变换器中开关管T1、T2的通断，在控制过程中，通过比较器判断储能装置给定工作电流的大小，来决定双向DC/DC变换器的工作模式；The output value of the PI controller is generated by the pulse width modulation PWM circuit to generate driving pulses to control the on-off of the switching tubes T 1 and T 2 in the bidirectional DC/DC converter. During the control process, the given operating current of the energy storage device is judged by the comparator to determine the working mode of the bidirectional DC/DC converter; 采用比较器来确定储能装置的工作方式，其中，iup、idown为储能装置启动电流上下阈值；双向DC/DC变换器工作模式选择方式与比较器之间逻辑关系为：A comparator is used to determine the working mode of the energy storage device, wherein i up and i down are the upper and lower thresholds of the starting current of the energy storage device; the logical relationship between the working mode selection mode of the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the comparator is: 当iref<idown时，要求储能装置吸收功率，比较器二输出逻辑值0，闭锁开关管T2触发脉冲，比较器一输出逻辑值1，通过脉宽调制PWM电路控制开关管T1使双向DC/DC变换器工作在Buck模式；When i ref <i down , the energy storage device is required to absorb power, the comparator 2 outputs a logic value of 0, the latching switch T2 triggers the pulse, the comparator 1 outputs a logic value of 1 , and the switch tube T1 is controlled by the pulse width modulation PWM circuit. Make the bidirectional DC/DC converter work in Buck mode; 当idown≤iref≤iup时，系统波动功率很小，对系统稳定影响不大，为了避免储能装置频繁在充放电模式之间来回切换，此时让储能装置处于空闲状态，比较器一和比较器二的逻辑值都为0，闭锁脉冲信号，此时让电网和光伏发电系统共同为负载提供功率；When i down ≤i ref ≤i up , the fluctuating power of the system is very small and has little impact on the stability of the system. The logic values of Comparator 1 and Comparator 2 are both 0, and the pulse signal is blocked. At this time, the grid and the photovoltaic power generation system can jointly provide power for the load; 当iref>iup时，要求储能装置发出功率，比较器一输出逻辑值0，闭锁开关管T1触发脉冲，比较器二输出逻辑值1，控制开关管T2使双向DC/DC变换器工作在Boost模式。When i ref > i up , the energy storage device is required to send out power, the comparator 1 outputs a logic value of 0, the latching switch T1 triggers the pulse, the comparator 2 outputs a logic value 1 , and controls the switch tube T2 to make bidirectional DC/DC conversion The device works in Boost mode. 8.根据权利要求1所述一种含混合储能的光伏直流微电网协调控制方法，其特征在于：所述步骤五中，8 . The coordinated control method for a photovoltaic DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage according to claim 1 , wherein in the step 5, 在直流微电网孤岛运行时，双向DC/DC变换器处于停机状态，直流微电网与大电网之间没有能量的交换；When the DC microgrid is operating in an island, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is in a shutdown state, and there is no energy exchange between the DC microgrid and the large grid; 在直流微电网运行时，首先判断光伏发电系统发电功率是否能满足负荷的需求，当微电网内能量不足且储能装置小于限放最小值时，双向DC/AC变换器工作在整流模式，大电网向直流微电网内输送电能，储能装置处在空闲状态；若光伏发电系统发电功率大于负载功率，系统优先为储能装置充电，当储能装置充满后，直流微电网内剩余电能送入大电网，此时双向DC/AC变换器工作在逆变状态；When the DC microgrid is running, it is firstly judged whether the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system can meet the demand of the load. When the energy in the microgrid is insufficient and the energy storage device is less than the minimum value of the limit discharge, the bidirectional DC/AC converter works in the rectification mode. The grid transmits electric energy to the DC microgrid, and the energy storage device is in an idle state; if the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is greater than the load power, the system will give priority to charging the energy storage device. When the energy storage device is full, the remaining energy in the DC microgrid will be sent to the Large power grid, at this time the bidirectional DC/AC converter works in the inverter state; 在并网运行时，系统内功率关系如下：In grid-connected operation, the power relationship in the system is as follows: Pdc＝Ppv+Pbat+Psc-Pload+Pg (10)P dc =P pv +P bat +P sc -P load +P g (10) 式中，Pg为双向DC/AC变换器并网有功功率，where P g is the grid-connected active power of the bidirectional DC/AC converter, 系统并网运行过程中，当系统内电能有剩余时优先为储能装置充电，由储能装置维持系统稳态平衡；当储能装置充满后，剩余电能再并入配电网，由双向DC/AC变换器维持系统的稳态平衡；当系统内电能不足时优先由储能装置向直流微电网内输送电能，当储能装置放完电后，由配电网为微电网提供能量，系统并网时蓄电池承担功率Pbat_ref与电网承担功率Pg_ref分配如下：During the grid-connected operation of the system, when the electric energy in the system is surplus, the energy storage device will be charged first, and the energy storage device will maintain the steady state balance of the system; The /AC converter maintains the steady state balance of the system; when the electric energy in the system is insufficient, the energy storage device is given priority to transmit electric energy to the DC microgrid. When connected to the grid, the distribution of the power P bat_ref undertaken by the battery and the power P g_ref undertaken by the grid is as follows:
Figure FDA0003214247520000051
Figure FDA0003214247520000051
Figure FDA0003214247520000052
Figure FDA0003214247520000052
 式中，Phess为混合储能系统所需承担的功率；λ为并网运行时功率分配系数；In the formula, P hess is the power required by the hybrid energy storage system; λ is the power distribution coefficient during grid-connected operation; 当光伏输出功率不足以满足负载功率，即Ppv<Pload时，则分别判断蓄电池的SOC和超级电容的端电压是否大于限放最小值，若储能装置满足大于限放最小值的条件，则Pg＝0，储能装置放电以弥补系统中负荷需求的不足；When the photovoltaic output power is not enough to meet the load power, that is, P pv <P load , then judge whether the SOC of the battery and the terminal voltage of the super capacitor are greater than the minimum discharge limit. Then P g = 0, the energy storage device discharges to make up for the lack of load demand in the system; 若储能装置已达到限放最小值，则储能装置不再放电，由电网和光伏发电系统共同为负载提供功率；If the energy storage device has reached the minimum discharge limit value, the energy storage device will no longer discharge, and the power grid and the photovoltaic power generation system will jointly provide power for the load; 当光伏发电系统输出功率大于负载功率，即Ppv>Pload时，则分别判断蓄电池的SOC和超级电容的端电压是否小于限充最大值，若储能装置满足小于限充最大值的条件，则Pg＝0，系统内剩余能量为储能装置充电；When the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system is greater than the load power, that is, P pv >P load , it is determined whether the SOC of the battery and the terminal voltage of the super capacitor are less than the maximum charging limit. If the energy storage device meets the condition of being less than the maximum charging limit, Then P g = 0, the remaining energy in the system is used to charge the energy storage device; 若储能装置已达到限充最大值，则储能装置不再充电，剩余电能逆变后送入电网。If the energy storage device has reached the maximum charging limit, the energy storage device will no longer be charged, and the remaining energy will be inverted and sent to the grid. 9.含混合储能的光伏直流微电网，其特征在于：包括混合储能系统，双向DC/DC控制系统、光伏发电系统，其中，光伏发电系统通过Boost变换器与直流母线相连，实现光伏发电系统输出的最大功率跟踪控制MPPT和直流母线电压恒压控制CVC功能；9. A photovoltaic DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage, characterized in that it includes a hybrid energy storage system, a bidirectional DC/DC control system, and a photovoltaic power generation system, wherein the photovoltaic power generation system is connected to the DC bus through a Boost converter to realize photovoltaic power generation. The system output maximum power tracking control MPPT and DC bus voltage constant voltage control CVC function; 直流母线分别通过双向DC/DC变换器和双向AC/DC变换器与直流负荷、交流负荷相连，为负荷提供所需能量；The DC bus is connected to the DC load and the AC load respectively through the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the bidirectional AC/DC converter, so as to provide the required energy for the load; 混合储能系统通过双向DC/DC变换器实现蓄电池和超级电容与直流母线侧能量的互送，直流系统经过双向DC/AC变换器与电网相连，工作在并网或孤岛运行状态。The hybrid energy storage system realizes the mutual transfer of energy between the battery and the super capacitor and the DC bus side through the bidirectional DC/DC converter. The DC system is connected to the power grid through the bidirectional DC/AC converter, and works in the grid-connected or islanded operation state.
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