CN115000452B - Combined cooling heating and power system based on fuel cell and operation method - Google Patents
Combined cooling heating and power system based on fuel cell and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115000452B CN115000452B CN202210662250.6A CN202210662250A CN115000452B CN 115000452 B CN115000452 B CN 115000452B CN 202210662250 A CN202210662250 A CN 202210662250A CN 115000452 B CN115000452 B CN 115000452B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a combined cooling heating power system based on a fuel cell and an operation method, wherein the system comprises a fuel cell system, an ORC system, a waste heat exchanger, an absorption refrigeration system and a control system; the fuel cell system is used for generating power, the cooling liquid of the fuel cell system is used for providing heat sources for the ORC system, the waste heat exchanger and the absorption refrigeration system respectively, the ORC system can provide additional electric energy and a first part of heat energy, the waste heat exchanger can provide a second part of heat energy, the absorption refrigeration system can provide cold energy, and the cooling liquid after heat release flows back to the cooling system of the fuel cell system to form circulation; the control system is used for distributing the cooling liquid supplied to the ORC system, the waste heat exchanger and the absorption refrigeration system according to the operation load of the fuel cell system and the user demand, and controlling the heat supply mode to supply heat in a coordinated manner through the first part of heat energy and the second part of heat energy or supply heat independently through the second part of heat energy. The invention improves the energy utilization efficiency of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell waste heat utilization, in particular to a fuel cell combined cooling heating power system and an operation method.
Background
The hydrogen fuel cell generates electricity through chemical reaction, has small installation scale and less waste emission, and has higher electricity generation efficiency than the traditional generator set. The power generation efficiency of the common fuel cell types, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells and solid oxide fuel cells, can reach 40-60%, and the overall efficiency of cogeneration is above 85%.
In the prior art, the residual heat utilization mode and the operation mode of the fuel cell cold and hot electric system are single, and the diversified requirements of a user side cannot be met. Therefore, the waste heat utilization mode needs to be optimized from the view of system structure optimization so as to further improve the energy utilization efficiency of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a combined cooling heating power system based on a fuel cell and an operation method thereof, and aims to improve the energy utilization efficiency of the system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a combined cooling heating power system based on a fuel cell, which comprises a fuel cell system, an ORC system, a waste heat exchanger, an absorption refrigeration system and a control system, wherein the ORC system is connected with the waste heat exchanger;
The fuel cell system is used for generating power, the cooling liquid of the cooling system of the fuel cell system is used for providing heat sources for the ORC system, the waste heat exchanger and the absorption refrigeration system respectively, the ORC system can provide additional electric energy and first part of heat energy when driven by the heat sources, the waste heat exchanger can provide second part of heat energy, the absorption refrigeration system can provide cold energy when driven by the heat sources, and the cooling liquid after heat release flows back to the cooling system of the fuel cell system to form circulation;
The control system is used for distributing the cooling liquid supplied to the ORC system, the waste heat exchanger and the absorption refrigeration system according to the operation load of the fuel cell system and the user demand, and controlling the heat supply mode to supply heat in a coordinated manner through the first part of heat energy and the second part of heat energy or supply heat independently through the second part of heat energy.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the pipeline for heat supply comprises a heat supply water return pipe and a heat supply water outlet pipe which are respectively connected with a user side;
the heat supply return pipe is connected with the water side inlet of the ORC system condenser, the water side outlet of the ORC system condenser is connected with the cold medium side inlet of the waste heat exchanger, and the cold medium side outlet of the waste heat exchanger is connected with the heat supply outlet pipe to form a heat supply loop.
The heat supply water outlet pipe is also connected with a heat supply peak regulating device in series.
The pipeline for cooling comprises a cooling water return pipe and a cooling water outlet pipe which are respectively connected with a user side;
the cold supply return pipe is connected with a water side inlet of a refrigerating system evaporator of the absorption refrigerating system, and a water side outlet of the refrigerating system evaporator is connected with a cold supply outlet pipe to form a cold supply loop.
The cold supply water outlet pipe is also connected in series with a cold supply peak regulating device.
The cooling system of the fuel cell system comprises a liquid supply pipe and a liquid return pipe of the cooling liquid;
the outlet of the liquid supply pipe is respectively connected with the heat source inlet of the ORC system evaporator of the ORC system, the heat medium side inlet of the waste heat exchanger and the heat source inlet of the generator of the absorption refrigeration system, the connecting pipe is respectively provided with a control valve, and the heat source outlet of the ORC system evaporator, the heat medium side outlet of the waste heat exchanger and the heat source outlet of the generator are respectively connected with the inlet of the liquid return pipe to form a cooling liquid loop.
The battery output circuit of the fuel cell system is connected with a power supply circuit through an inverter, the power supply circuit is used for being connected with a user side, and a voltage regulating device is arranged on the power supply circuit.
The ORC output circuit of the ORC system is connected with the power supply circuit.
The invention also provides an operation method based on the fuel cell combined cooling heating power system, which comprises the following steps:
The fuel cell system operates to supply power to users;
When a user sends a heat supply request, the control system judges the operation load of the fuel cell system, and on the premise of meeting the operation load of the fuel cell system, the cooling liquid supply of the waste heat exchanger is started according to the heat supply request temperature, meanwhile, the cooling liquid supply of the ORC system and the absorption refrigeration system is cut off, the heat supply mode is switched to supply heat for the user independently through the second part of heat energy provided by the waste heat exchanger, or the cooling liquid supply of the waste heat exchanger and the ORC system is started, meanwhile, the cooling liquid supply of the absorption refrigeration system is cut off, and the heat supply mode is switched to supply heat for the user through the cooperation of the first part of heat energy and the second part of heat energy;
When a user sends a cooling request, the control system judges the operation load of the fuel cell system, and on the premise of meeting the operation load of the fuel cell system, the cooling liquid supply of the absorption refrigeration system is started, and meanwhile, the cooling liquid supply of the ORC system and the waste heat exchanger is cut off to cool the user; on the basis, a user sends a heat supply request again, and on the premise of meeting the operating load of the fuel cell system, the cooling liquid supply of the waste heat exchanger is started according to the temperature of the heat supply request, the heat supply mode is to supply heat to the user independently through the second part of heat energy, or the cooling liquid supply of the waste heat exchanger and the ORC system is started, and the heat supply mode is to supply heat to the user cooperatively through the first part of heat energy and the second part of heat energy;
When a user sends a cooling and heating request at the same time, the control system judges the operation load of the fuel cell system, and on the premise of meeting the operation load of the fuel cell system, the ORC system, the waste heat exchanger and the cooling liquid supply of the absorption refrigeration system are started at the same time, so that the combined cooling, heating and power is realized.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The waste heat of the fuel cell is used for directly supplying heat or hot water, is combined with an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) or an absorption refrigeration system to form a combined type fuel cell combined cooling heating and power system to obtain additional electric energy or cold energy, so that the waste heat is used for providing flexible operation of additional power generation, cooling and heat supply effects, and the flexibility and the high efficiency of the application of the fuel cell system are improved. A step of
The invention optimizes the waste heat utilization mode, and the return water of the heating system can firstly enter the ORC system condenser to carry out primary temperature rise and then enter the waste heat exchanger to carry out secondary temperature rise, thereby realizing cascade utilization of the waste heat of the fuel cell and further improving the energy efficiency of the system.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the fuel cell system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the ORC system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an absorption refrigeration system according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a fuel cell system; 2. an ORC system; 3. a waste heat exchanger; 4. an absorption refrigeration system; 5. a fifth valve; 6. a valve six; 7. a valve seven; 8. an inverter; 9. a voltage regulating device; 10. a heat supply peak regulating device; 11. a cooling peak regulating device;
101. A fuel cell; 102. a circulation pump; 201. an ORC system evaporator; 202. an expander; 203. a generator; 204. an ORC system condenser; 205. a working medium pump;
401. a generator; 402. a refrigeration system condenser; 403. a refrigerant throttle valve; 404. a refrigeration system evaporator; 405. an absorber; 406. a solution pump; 407. a solution throttle valve;
1001. An air intake pipe; 1002. an air outlet pipe; 1003. a hydrogen inlet pipe; 1004. a hydrogen outlet pipe; 1005. a drain pipe; 1006. a liquid supply pipe; 1007. a liquid return pipe; 1008. a battery output circuit; 1009. an ORC output circuit; 1010. a power supply circuit; 1011. a heat supply return pipe; 1012. a heating water outlet pipe; 1013. a cold supply return pipe; 1014. and a cold supply water outlet pipe.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the combined cooling heating and power system based on the fuel cell of the embodiment comprises a fuel cell system 1, an ORC system 2, a waste heat exchanger 3, an absorption refrigeration system 4 and a control system;
The fuel cell system 1 is used for generating electricity, the cooling liquid of the cooling system of the fuel cell system 1 respectively provides heat sources for the ORC system 2, the waste heat exchanger 3 and the absorption refrigeration system 4, the ORC system 2 can provide additional electric energy and first part of heat energy when driven by the heat sources, the waste heat exchanger 3 can provide second part of heat energy, the absorption refrigeration system 4 can provide cold energy when driven by the heat sources, and the cooling liquid after heat release flows back to the cooling system of the fuel cell system 1 to form circulation;
and the control system is used for distributing the cooling liquid supplied to the ORC system 2, the waste heat exchanger 3 and the absorption refrigeration system 4 according to the operation load of the fuel cell system 1 and the requirement of a user, and controlling a heat supply mode to supply heat in a coordinated manner through the first part of heat energy and the second part of heat energy or supply heat independently through the second part of heat energy.
Wherein, the pipeline for heat supply comprises a heat supply water return pipe 1011 and a heat supply water outlet pipe 1012 which are respectively connected with the user side;
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the heat supply return pipe 1011 is connected to the water side inlet of the ORC system condenser 204, the water side outlet of the ORC system condenser 204 is connected to the cold medium side inlet of the waste heat exchanger 3, and the cold medium side outlet of the waste heat exchanger 3 is connected to the heat supply outlet pipe 1012, thereby forming a heat supply circuit.
Specifically, the heat supply peak regulating device 10 is further connected in series to the heat supply water outlet pipe 1012.
The hot water backwater at the user side enters the ORC system condenser 204 through the heat supply backwater pipe 1011 to absorb the condensation heat of the hot water backwater, so that the first-stage heating is realized, then enters the waste heat exchanger 3 to realize the second-stage heating through heat exchange with the cooling liquid, and is conveyed to the user side through the heat supply water outlet pipe 1012.
The heat supply peak regulating device 10 is specifically a boiler or an electric heating pump unit, and can meet the heat supply requirement of a user when the load of the fuel cell system 1 is low.
As shown in fig. 1, the cooling pipeline includes a cooling water return pipe 1013 and a cooling water outlet pipe 1014, which are connected to the user side, respectively; the cold supply return pipe 1013 is connected to the water side inlet of the refrigeration system evaporator 404 of the absorption refrigeration system 4, and the water side outlet of the refrigeration system evaporator 404 is connected to the cold supply outlet pipe 1014, thereby forming a cold supply circuit.
Specifically, the cold supply water outlet pipe 1014 is further connected in series with a cold supply peak regulating device 11.
The cold water backwater at the user side enters the refrigerating system evaporator 404 through the cold supply backwater pipe 1013 to realize cooling, and then is conveyed to the user side through the cold supply water outlet pipe 1014.
The cooling peak shaving device 11 is specifically an electric refrigerating unit, and can meet the cooling requirement of a user when the load of the fuel cell system 1 is low.
As shown in fig. 1, the cooling system of the fuel cell system 1 includes a liquid supply pipe 1006 and a liquid return pipe 1007 of the cooling liquid; the outlets of the liquid supply pipe 1006 are respectively connected with the heat source inlet of the ORC system evaporator 201, the heat medium side inlet of the waste heat exchanger 3 and the heat source inlet of the generator 401 of the absorption refrigeration system 4 of the ORC system 2, the connecting pipes are respectively provided with control valves, and the heat source outlet of the ORC system evaporator 201, the heat medium side outlet of the waste heat exchanger 3 and the heat source outlet of the generator 401 are respectively connected with the inlet of the liquid return pipe 1007 to form a cooling liquid loop.
Specifically, the liquid supply pipe 1006 is provided with a circulation pump 102.
The battery output circuit 1008 of the fuel cell system 1 is connected to a power supply circuit 1010 via an inverter 8, the power supply circuit 1010 is connected to a user side, and a voltage regulator 9 is provided on the power supply circuit 1010.
ORC output circuit 1009 of ORC system 2 is connected to power supply circuit 1010.
Specifically, the fuel cell system 1, ORC system 2, and absorption refrigeration system 4 employed in the present embodiment are all conventional systems. The ORC system is an organic rankine cycle system, the ORC system 2 is a single-stage or multi-stage system, and the absorption refrigeration system 4 is a single-stage or multi-stage, single-effect or multi-effect absorption refrigeration system.
As shown in fig. 2, the fuel cell system 1 includes a fuel cell 101, an air inlet pipe 1001, an air outlet pipe 1002, a hydrogen inlet pipe 1003, a hydrogen outlet pipe 1004, and a drain pipe 1005. The working process is as follows:
air enters the fuel cell through the air inlet pipe 1001, hydrogen enters the fuel cell through the hydrogen inlet pipe 1003, and the air and oxygen entering the fuel cell perform electrochemical reaction according to the reaction formula 2H 2+O2→2H2 O+electricity+heat, wherein the oxygen in the reaction formula is oxygen contained in the air, and the temperature of the electrochemical reaction process is about 150 ℃ (taking the reaction temperature of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell as an example). The air which does not participate in the reaction is discharged from the air outlet pipe 1002, the hydrogen which does not participate in the reaction is discharged from the hydrogen outlet pipe 1004, the water generated by the reaction is discharged from the water discharge pipe 1005, the heat generated by the reaction is cooled by the fuel cell cooling system, and the electricity generated by the reaction is output by the battery output circuit 1008, so that the power generation effect is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, ORC system 2 includes ORC system evaporator 201, expander 202, generator 203, ORC system condenser 204, and working fluid pump 205. The working process is as follows:
In the ORC system evaporator 201, the cooling liquid from the liquid supply pipe 1006 is used as a driving heat source to heat the high-pressure liquid working medium of the ORC system evaporator 201, and the high-pressure liquid working medium absorbs heat and evaporates to become a high-pressure gaseous working medium, and then enters the expander 202. In the expander 202, the high-pressure gaseous working medium expands to perform work, and mechanical work is transmitted to the generator 203. The generator 203 converts the machinery of the expander 202 into electric energy, and the generated electric energy is output by the ORC output circuit 1009, thereby achieving the purpose of generating electricity. The high-pressure gaseous working medium is reduced in pressure after working, becomes a low-pressure gaseous working medium, and enters the ORC system condenser 204.
ORC system condenser 204 functions to condense the low pressure gaseous working fluid to a liquid working fluid for pressurization by working fluid pump 205 and return to ORC system evaporator 201. The gaseous working medium releases a great deal of latent heat to the water in the heat supply water return pipe 1011 in the condensation process, so the water temperature in the heat supply water return pipe 1011 cannot be too high, otherwise the condensation process of the gaseous working medium can be inhibited, and the power generation efficiency of the ORC system is further reduced. Therefore, the outlet water temperature of ORC system condenser 204 needs to be controlled.
Referring to fig. 1, in the waste heat exchanger 3, the cooling liquid from the fuel cell 101 is used as a heat source to further heat the hot water from the ORC system condenser 204, and the water temperature of the heat supply return pipe 1011 is temperature-adjusted according to actual demands, thereby realizing supply water temperature adjustment.
Referring to fig. 4, the absorption refrigeration system 4 includes a generator 401, a refrigeration system condenser 402, a refrigerant throttle valve 403, a refrigeration system evaporator 404, an absorber 405, a solution pump 406, and a solution throttle valve 407. The working process is as follows:
In the generator 401, the cooling liquid from the liquid pipe 1006 is used as a driving heat source to heat the dilute solution in the generator 401, so that the refrigerant component in the solution is evaporated to form a high-temperature gaseous refrigerant. The dilute solution is concentrated to become concentrated solution, throttled and depressurized by a solution throttle valve 407 and then enters an absorber 405, and the vaporized high-temperature gaseous refrigerant enters a refrigeration system condenser 402. In the refrigeration system condenser 402, the high-temperature gaseous refrigerant releases latent heat to the cooling water of the refrigeration system condenser 402, and the high-temperature gaseous refrigerant is changed into liquid refrigerant, throttled and depressurized by the refrigerant throttle valve 403, and then enters the absorption refrigeration system evaporator 404. The cooling water of the refrigeration system condenser 402 absorbs latent heat and then increases in temperature, and releases heat to the outside of the system via an external heat sink.
In the refrigeration system evaporator 404, the liquid refrigerant is saturated at about 5 ℃ and evaporated due to the negative pressure inside. The liquid refrigerant absorbs heat from the water in the cold return pipe 1013 during evaporation, changes to a gaseous refrigerant, and then enters the absorber 405. The water in the cold supply return pipe 1013 releases heat, the temperature is reduced, and the water returns to the cold supply end device through the cold supply outlet pipe 1014, thereby achieving the purpose of refrigeration.
In absorber 405, the concentrated solution from generator 401 absorbs the gaseous refrigerant from refrigeration system evaporator 404, the concentration decreases while cooling water to absorber 405 releases heat to and then is pressurized by solution pump 406 back into generator 401. After the cooling water of the absorber 405 absorbs heat, the heat is released to the outside of the system via an external heat sink.
The operation method based on the fuel cell combined cooling heating and power system of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
The fuel cell system 1 operates to supply power to a user;
When a user sends a heat supply request, the control system judges the operation load of the fuel cell system 1, and on the premise of meeting the operation load of the fuel cell system 1, the cooling liquid supply of the waste heat exchanger 3 is started, meanwhile, the cooling liquid supply of the ORC system 2 and the absorption refrigeration system 4 is cut off, the heat supply mode is switched to supply heat for the user independently through the second part of heat energy provided by the waste heat exchanger 3, or the cooling liquid supply of the waste heat exchanger 3 and the ORC system 2 is started, meanwhile, the cooling liquid supply of the absorption refrigeration system 4 is cut off, and the heat supply mode is switched to supply heat for the user through the cooperation of the first part of heat energy and the second part of heat energy;
specifically, when the fuel cell system 1 is in low-load operation, the cooling liquid supply of the waste heat exchanger 3 is started, and meanwhile, the cooling liquid supply of the ORC system 2 and the absorption refrigeration system 4 is cut off, and the heat supply mode is switched to supply heat to the user independently through the second part of heat energy provided by the waste heat exchanger 3;
Specifically, when the fuel cell system 1 is in high-load operation, the waste heat exchanger 3 and the cooling liquid supply of the ORC system 2 are started, and meanwhile, the cooling liquid supply of the absorption refrigeration system 4 is cut off, and the heat supply mode is switched to supply heat to a user through the cooperation of the first part of heat energy and the second part of heat energy;
When a user sends a cooling request, the control system judges the operation load of the fuel cell system 1, and on the premise that the operation load of the fuel cell system 1 is met, the cooling liquid supply of the absorption refrigeration system 4 is started, and meanwhile, the cooling liquid supply of the ORC system 2 and the waste heat exchanger 3 is cut off to cool the user; on the basis, a user sends a heat supply request, and on the premise of meeting the operating load of the fuel cell system 1, the cooling liquid supply of the waste heat exchanger 3 is started, the heat supply mode is to supply heat to the user independently through the second part of heat energy, or the cooling liquid supply of the waste heat exchanger 3 and the ORC system 2 is started, and the heat supply mode is to supply heat to the user cooperatively through the first part of heat energy and the second part of heat energy;
When a user sends a cooling and heating request at the same time, the control system judges the operation load of the fuel cell system 1, and on the premise of meeting the operation load of the fuel cell system 1, the ORC system 2, the waste heat exchanger 3 and the cooling liquid of the absorption refrigeration system 4 are started at the same time, so that the combined cooling, heating and power is realized.
Specifically, the flow direction of the cooling liquid can be selected according to actual demands through the on-off of the valve five 5, the valve six 6 and the valve seven 7, so that the flexible application of the waste heat of the fuel cell is realized. Specific examples are as follows:
Valve six 6 is opened, valve five 5 and valve seven 7 are closed, and the coolant enters the waste heat exchanger 3. The heat supply effect of the cooling liquid can be realized through the waste heat exchanger 3. In combination with the power generation effect of the fuel cell 101, a first cogeneration operation state is provided.
Valve five 5 and valve six 6 are opened, valve seven 7 is closed, and the cooling liquid enters ORC system 2 and waste heat exchanger 3. Through the ORC system 2, the power generation effect and the heat supply effect are realized; through the waste heat exchanger 3, the cooling liquid can realize the effect of adjusting the temperature of the water supply of the heating system. In combination with the power generation effect of the fuel cell 101, a second cogeneration operation state is provided.
Valve seven 7 is opened, valve five 5 and valve six 6 are closed, and the coolant enters the absorption refrigeration system 4. The cooling effect is achieved by the absorption refrigeration system 4. In combination with the power generation effect of the fuel cell 101, a first combined cooling and power operation state is provided.
In the first combined cooling and power operation state, if the cooling liquid is redundant, the valve six 6 is opened again, so that part of the cooling liquid enters the waste heat exchanger 3. The first combined cooling, heating and power operation state is provided in combination with the power generation effect of the fuel cell 101, the cooling effect of the absorption refrigeration system 4, and the heating effect of the waste heat exchanger 3.
Valve five 5, valve six 6 and valve seven 7 are all opened, and the coolant enters ORC system 2, waste heat exchanger 3 and absorption refrigeration system 4. Through the ORC system 2, the power generation effect and the heat supply effect are realized; the effect of adjusting the temperature of the water supply of the heating system is realized through the waste heat exchanger 3; the cooling effect is achieved by the absorption refrigeration system 4. In combination with the power generation effect of the fuel cell 101, a second combined cooling, heating and power operation state is provided.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The operation method based on the fuel cell combined cooling heating and power system is characterized in that the fuel cell combined cooling heating and power system comprises a fuel cell system (1), an ORC system (2), a waste heat exchanger (3), an absorption refrigeration system (4) and a control system;
The fuel cell system (1) is used for generating electricity, the cooling liquid of the cooling system of the fuel cell system (1) respectively provides heat sources for the ORC system (2), the waste heat exchanger (3) and the absorption refrigeration system (4), the ORC system (2) can provide additional electric energy and first part of heat energy by being driven by the heat sources, the waste heat exchanger (3) can provide second part of heat energy, the absorption refrigeration system (4) can provide cold energy by being driven by the heat sources, and the cooling liquid after heat release flows back to the cooling system of the fuel cell system (1) to form circulation;
The control system is used for distributing cooling liquid supplied to the ORC system (2), the waste heat exchanger (3) and the absorption refrigeration system (4) according to the operation load of the fuel cell system (1) and the user demand, and controlling a heat supply mode to supply heat in a coordinated manner through the first part of heat energy and the second part of heat energy or supply heat independently through the second part of heat energy;
The pipeline for heat supply comprises a heat supply water return pipe (1011) and a heat supply water outlet pipe (1012) which are respectively connected with the user side; the heat supply return pipe (1011) is connected with a water side inlet of the ORC system condenser (204), a water side outlet of the ORC system condenser (204) is connected with a cold medium side inlet of the waste heat exchanger (3), and a cold medium side outlet of the waste heat exchanger (3) is connected with a heat supply outlet pipe (1012) to form a heat supply loop;
the cooling system of the fuel cell system (1) includes a liquid supply pipe (1006) and a liquid return pipe (1007) for the cooling liquid; the outlet of the liquid supply pipe (1006) is respectively connected with the heat source inlet of the ORC system evaporator (201) of the ORC system (2), the heat medium side inlet of the waste heat exchanger (3) and the heat source inlet of the generator (401) of the absorption refrigeration system (4), the connecting pipes are respectively provided with control valves, and the heat source outlet of the ORC system evaporator (201), the heat medium side outlet of the waste heat exchanger (3) and the heat source outlet of the generator (401) are respectively connected with the inlet of the liquid return pipe (1007) to form a cooling liquid loop;
The absorption refrigeration system (4) comprises a generator (401), a refrigeration system condenser (402), a refrigerant throttle valve (403), a refrigeration system evaporator (404), an absorber (405), a solution pump (406) and a solution throttle valve (407);
In the generator (401), the cooling liquid from the liquid supply pipe (1006) is used as a driving heat source to heat the dilute solution in the generator (401) so as to evaporate the refrigerant component in the solution and form high-temperature gaseous refrigerant;
The concentration of the dilute solution is increased to become concentrated solution, the concentrated solution enters an absorber (405) after being throttled and depressurized by a solution throttle valve (407), and the vaporized high-temperature gaseous refrigerant enters a condenser (402) of the refrigeration system;
In the refrigerating system condenser (402), the high-temperature gaseous refrigerant releases latent heat to cooling water of the refrigerating system condenser (402), and the high-temperature gaseous refrigerant is changed into liquid refrigerant, throttled and depressurized by a refrigerant throttle valve (403) and then enters an absorption refrigerating system evaporator (404);
The cooling water of the condenser (402) of the refrigeration system absorbs latent heat and then the temperature rises, and the heat is released to the outside of the system through an external heat radiating device;
the operation method comprises the following steps:
The fuel cell system (1) operates to supply power to a user;
When a user sends a heat supply request, the control system judges the operation load of the fuel cell system (1), and on the premise of meeting the operation load of the fuel cell system (1), according to the heat supply request temperature, the cooling liquid supply of the waste heat exchanger (3) is started, meanwhile, the cooling liquid supply of the ORC system (2) and the absorption refrigeration system (4) is cut off, the heat supply mode is switched to supply heat for the user independently through the second part of heat energy provided by the waste heat exchanger (3), or the cooling liquid supply of the waste heat exchanger (3) and the ORC system (2) is started, meanwhile, the cooling liquid supply of the absorption refrigeration system (4) is cut off, and the heat supply mode is switched to supply heat for the user through the cooperation of the first part of heat energy and the second part of heat energy;
When a user sends a cooling request, the control system judges the operation load of the fuel cell system (1), and on the premise of meeting the operation load of the fuel cell system (1), the cooling liquid supply of the absorption refrigeration system (4) is started, and meanwhile, the cooling liquid supply of the ORC system (2) and the waste heat exchanger (3) is cut off to cool the user; on the basis, a user sends a heat supply request, and on the premise of meeting the operating load of the fuel cell system (1), according to the heat supply request temperature, the cooling liquid supply of the waste heat exchanger (3) is started, the heat supply mode is to supply heat to the user independently through the second part of heat energy, or the cooling liquid supply of the waste heat exchanger (3) and the ORC system (2) is started, and the heat supply mode is to supply heat to the user through the cooperation of the first part of heat energy and the second part of heat energy;
When a user sends a cooling and heating request at the same time, the control system judges the operation load of the fuel cell system (1), and on the premise of meeting the operation load of the fuel cell system (1), the ORC system (2), the waste heat exchanger (3) and the cooling liquid supply of the absorption refrigeration system (4) are started at the same time, so that the combined cooling, heating and power supply is realized.
2. The method of operation according to claim 1, wherein a heating peak shaver (10) is connected in series to the heating outlet pipe (1012).
3. The operating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cold supply line comprises a cold supply return pipe (1013) and a cold supply outlet pipe (1014) which are connected to the user side, respectively;
The cold supply return pipe (1013) is connected with a water side inlet of a refrigerating system evaporator (404) of the absorption refrigerating system (4), and a water side outlet of the refrigerating system evaporator (404) is connected with the cold supply outlet pipe (1014) to form a cold supply loop.
4. A method of operation according to claim 3, wherein the cold supply outlet pipe (1014) is further connected in series with a cold supply peak shaver (11).
5. The operating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the battery output circuit (1008) of the fuel cell system (1) is connected via an inverter (8) to a supply circuit (1010), the supply circuit (1010) being intended for connection to a user side, the supply circuit (1010) being provided with a voltage regulating device (9).
6. The operating method according to claim 5, characterized in that the ORC output circuit (1009) of the ORC system (2) is connected to a supply circuit (1010).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210662250.6A CN115000452B (en) | 2022-06-13 | 2022-06-13 | Combined cooling heating and power system based on fuel cell and operation method |
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| CN202210662250.6A CN115000452B (en) | 2022-06-13 | 2022-06-13 | Combined cooling heating and power system based on fuel cell and operation method |
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| CN115000452B true CN115000452B (en) | 2024-05-24 |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102088099A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2011-06-08 | 西安交通大学 | Combined cold-heat-power supplying circulation system driven by solid oxide fuel cell |
| CN108365235A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-08-03 | 山东科技大学 | Fuel cell afterheat utilizing system based on Organic Rankine Cycle |
| CN110544786A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-12-06 | 山东大学 | Combined cooling, heating and power system of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell and working method thereof |
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- 2022-06-13 CN CN202210662250.6A patent/CN115000452B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102088099A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2011-06-08 | 西安交通大学 | Combined cold-heat-power supplying circulation system driven by solid oxide fuel cell |
| CN108365235A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-08-03 | 山东科技大学 | Fuel cell afterheat utilizing system based on Organic Rankine Cycle |
| CN110544786A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-12-06 | 山东大学 | Combined cooling, heating and power system of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell and working method thereof |
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