CN117293349A - Hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system and method based on PEMFC and organic Rankine cycle - Google Patents

Hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system and method based on PEMFC and organic Rankine cycle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117293349A
CN117293349A CN202311113260.5A CN202311113260A CN117293349A CN 117293349 A CN117293349 A CN 117293349A CN 202311113260 A CN202311113260 A CN 202311113260A CN 117293349 A CN117293349 A CN 117293349A
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Prior art keywords
hydrogen
temperature
branch
heat
pump
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CN202311113260.5A
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Inventor
谢长君
杜帮华
卢昕宇
朱文超
杨扬
章雷其
赵波
李永康
彭颜玉
王新明
朱世昊
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202311113260.5A priority Critical patent/CN117293349A/en
Publication of CN117293349A publication Critical patent/CN117293349A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/12—Combinations of two or more pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/0088—Testing machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04708—Temperature of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H01M8/0687—Reactant purification by the use of membranes or filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system and method based on PEMFC and organic Rankine cycle. The system comprises a PEMFC subsystem, a heat recovery subsystem, an organic Rankine cycle subsystem and a pump flow control system; the PEMFC subsystem comprises a galvanic pile, a hydrogen branch, an air branch and a tail gas recycling branch; the heat recovery subsystem comprises a gas-liquid separation device, a first pure water branch, a second pure water branch and a third pure water branch; the organic working medium in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem absorbs heat through an evaporator and evaporates into superheated steam, so that heat energy is converted into electric energy; the pump flow control system comprises temperature monitoring points arranged on each branch, a corresponding recovery circulating pump and a fuzzy logic PID controller. The invention not only can stabilize the electric pile at the optimal working temperature, but also can improve the electric efficiency of the system on the basis of the traditional PEMFC power generation system.

Description

Hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system and method based on PEMFC and organic Rankine cycle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell electric heating comprehensive utilization, in particular to a hydrogen-heat comprehensive power generation system and method based on PEMFC and organic Rankine cycle.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, PEMFC for short) is an electrochemical energy converter for converting hydrogen chemical energy into electric energy, and has high power density, long service life, quick response to dynamic load and wide application prospect.
However, due to the high polarization voltage loss of the electrochemical reaction, the electrical efficiency of the PEMFC is only 40% -50%, and the rest 50% -60% of hydrogen chemical energy is converted into heat in the galvanic pile. In addition, in order to stabilize the temperature of the PEMFC within the optimal operating range (60-80 ℃), the excessive heat of the PEMFC must be carried out of the stack by means of a cooling system, otherwise the temperature in the stack will rise sharply, damaging the PEMFC.
The recycling of the heat generated during the operation of the PEMFC is an important method for improving the hydrogen energy utilization rate. In the prior art, most of the heat is used for low-temperature heating or refrigeration application, and a combined cooling heating, power and heating system is formed. However, the waste heat utilization in the prior art has the following problems:
firstly, most of the prior art only focuses on waste heat recovery of the PEMFC stack, and ignores the heat generated by electrochemical reaction products and auxiliary machines of a system part;
secondly, in the prior art, the PEMFC waste heat power generation method based on the organic Rankine cycle (the organic Rankine cycle is a power generation mode for generating phase change by absorbing heat energy by using a low-boiling-point organic working medium to drive a turbine to rotate, the method can absorb PEMFC stack waste heat to further generate electric energy, the overall electric efficiency of a PEMFC power generation system is improved), the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is low and is generally lower than 10%, and finally a large amount of low-grade heat energy still flows out of the system through an organic working medium condenser, so that energy waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system and a method based on PEMFC and organic Rankine cycle, which not only adopt a fuzzy logic PID controller with temperature feedback for each pump to stabilize a galvanic pile at the optimal working temperature; and the electric efficiency of the system is improved by recycling the waste heat generated by the PEMFC pile, the reaction liquid product, the reaction gaseous product and the air compressor.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system based on PEMFC and organic Rankine cycle is designed by the invention, which is characterized in that: comprises a PEMFC subsystem, a heat recovery subsystem, an organic Rankine cycle subsystem and a pump flow control system;
the PEMFC subsystem comprises a galvanic pile for generating electric energy and liquid water through electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, wherein a galvanic pile anode pipeline is connected with a hydrogen branch, and a galvanic pile cathode pipeline is connected with an air branch and a tail gas recycling branch;
the air branch comprises an air compressor used for connecting air, an output end pipeline of the air compressor is connected with a heat source input end of an air heat exchanger, an output end pipeline of the heat source of the air heat exchanger is connected with an input end of an air humidifier, and an output end pipeline of the air humidifier is connected with a cathode of the electric pile;
the hydrogen branch comprises a hydrogen tank, the output end pipeline of the hydrogen tank is connected with the cold source input end of the hydrogen recovery and preheating device, the cold source output end pipeline of the hydrogen recovery and preheating device is connected with the input end of a hydrogen humidifier, the output end pipeline of the hydrogen humidifier is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the anode of the electric pile, the hydrogen outlet pipeline of the electric pile is connected with the input end of a hydrogen circulating compression pump, and the output end pipeline of the hydrogen circulating compression pump is connected with the cold source input end of the hydrogen recovery and preheating device;
the tail gas recycling branch comprises a tail gas branch for recycling tail gas of the electric pile, the output end of the tail gas branch is connected with the heat source input end of the hydrogen recycling and preheating device, the heat source output end of the hydrogen recycling and preheating device is connected with a small turbine through a pipeline, and the small turbine generates electric energy through the tail gas of the high-temperature high-voltage electric pile;
the heat recovery subsystem comprises a gas-liquid separation device connected with an electric pile outlet through a pipeline, and a first pure water branch, a second pure water branch and a third pure water branch; the gas output end of the gas-liquid separation device is connected with the tail gas branch, the first pure water branch is connected with an outlet of the electric pile cooling system, the second pure water branch is connected with a liquid output end of the gas-liquid separation device, the third pure water branch is connected with a cold source output end of the air heat exchanger, the output ends of the first pure water branch, the second pure water branch and the third pure water branch are all connected with an input end of a high-temperature water storage tank, the output end of the high-temperature water storage tank is connected with a heat source input end of an evaporator in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem through the evaporator, the heat source output end of the evaporator is connected with an input end of a low-temperature water storage tank through the evaporator, the output end of the low-temperature water storage tank is respectively connected with an input end of the electric pile cooling water circulating pump and an input end of the air heat exchanger cooling water circulating pump through pipelines, and the output end of the electric pile cooling water circulating pump is connected with an input end of the electric pile cooling system through the pipeline;
the organic working medium in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem absorbs heat through an evaporator and evaporates into superheated steam, so that heat energy is converted into electric energy;
the pump flow control system comprises temperature monitoring points arranged on each branch and recovery circulating pumps corresponding to the temperature monitoring points, and the flow of the corresponding monitoring points is timely adjusted according to the temperature change of each temperature monitoring point through a fuzzy logic PID controller arranged on each recovery circulating pump, so that the electric pile 108 is controlled in the optimal working temperature range.
Further, the organic Rankine cycle subsystem comprises an evaporator, an evaporator organic working medium output end pipeline is connected with a turbine input end, the turbine output end pipeline is connected with an organic working medium heat exchanger heat source input end, the organic working medium heat exchanger heat source output end pipeline is connected with a condenser heat source input end, the condenser heat source output end pipeline is connected with an organic working medium circulating compression pump input end, the organic working medium circulating compression pump output end pipeline is connected with an organic working medium heat exchanger cold source input end, and the organic working medium heat exchanger cold source output end pipeline is connected with the evaporator organic working medium input end.
Furthermore, the pipeline at the cold source input end of the condenser is connected with the output end of the seawater pump, the pipeline at the input end of the seawater pump is connected with seawater, and the pipeline at the cold source output end of the condenser is connected with a seawater desalination plant.
Further, the pump flow control system comprises a first temperature monitoring point, a second temperature monitoring point and a third temperature monitoring point; the first temperature monitoring point is arranged at the input end of the air humidifier and corresponds to the cooling water circulating pump of the air heat exchanger; the second temperature monitoring point is arranged at an outlet of the pile cooling system and corresponds to a pile cooling water circulating pump; the third temperature monitoring point is arranged at the input end of the low-temperature water storage tank and corresponds to the organic working medium circulating compression pump and the seawater pump; and the air heat exchanger cooling water circulating pump, the pile cooling water circulating pump, the organic working medium circulating compression pump and the sea water pump are respectively provided with a fuzzy logic PID controller which can adjust the flow along with the heat generation change of the system in time.
Further, the control strategy logic of the fuzzy logic PID controller is as follows:
when the temperatures monitored by the first temperature monitoring point, the second temperature monitoring point and the third temperature monitoring point exceed the set temperatures of the corresponding monitoring points, the flow rates of the cooling water circulating pump of the corresponding air heat exchanger, the cooling water circulating pump of the electric pile, the organic working medium circulating compression pump and the seawater pump are increased until the temperatures of the monitoring points are recovered to the set temperatures;
when the temperature monitored by the first temperature monitoring point, the second temperature monitoring point and the third temperature monitoring point is lower than the set temperature corresponding to the monitoring points, the flow of the cooling water circulating pump, the cooling water circulating pump of the electric pile, the organic working medium circulating compression pump and the seawater pump corresponding to the air heat exchanger is reduced until the temperature of the monitoring points is recovered to the set temperature.
Furthermore, each branch of the hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system based on the PEMFC and the organic Rankine cycle further comprises a control valve for ensuring the normal starting and stopping of each branch.
Further, the low-temperature water storage tank needs to be drained regularly, and the discharged pure water is supplied to an air humidifier and a hydrogen humidifier for use.
The invention also designs a hydrogen-heat comprehensive power generation method based on the PEMFC and the organic Rankine cycle, which is suitable for the hydrogen-heat comprehensive power generation system based on the PEMFC and the organic Rankine cycle, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
air is pressurized to the working pressure of the electric pile through an air compressor, the temperature of the pressurized air rises to exceed the working temperature of the electric pile, the air is cooled in an air heat exchanger, then the air is humidified through an air humidifier, and the air enters the cathode of the electric pile; the temperature of the cooling water passing through the air heat exchanger rises, and the cooling water enters a high-temperature water storage tank through a third pure water branch;
introducing fresh hydrogen into a hydrogen recovery and preheating device from a hydrogen tank, pressurizing unreacted hydrogen discharged from a galvanic pile through a hydrogen circulation compression pump, introducing the hydrogen to mix with the fresh hydrogen through the hydrogen recovery and preheating device, preheating the fresh hydrogen by utilizing high-temperature unreacted hydrogen of the galvanic pile, and humidifying the fresh hydrogen through a hydrogen humidifier to enter an anode of the galvanic pile;
the electric pile carries out electrochemical reaction, high-temperature tail gas which does not participate in the reaction and liquid water generated by the reaction are separated in a gas-liquid separation device, and the high-temperature tail gas preheats hydrogen in a hydrogen recovery and preheating device through a tail gas branch and then enters a small turbine to push the small turbine to rotate to generate electric energy; liquid water generated by the reaction enters a high-temperature water storage tank through a second pure water branch;
the temperature of the cooling water of the electric pile for absorbing the residual heat of the electric pile is increased, and the electric pile enters a high-temperature water storage tank through a first pure water branch;
the method comprises the steps that high-temperature pure water in a high-temperature water storage tank enters an evaporator heat source input end in an organic Rankine cycle subsystem, organic working media absorb high-temperature pure water heat in an evaporator and gradually evaporate into superheated steam, the superheated steam enters a turbine which is connected in sequence, the superheated steam drives the turbine to rotate to generate electric energy, then the electric energy enters an organic working media heat exchanger to exchange heat with cooled organic working media liquid, the organic working media steam is gradually liquefied in a condenser to form organic working media liquid, the organic working media liquid is pressurized by an organic working media circulating compression pump and then enters the organic working media heat exchanger, and finally the organic working media liquid enters the evaporator again to complete circulation;
seawater is pumped into the cold source input end of the condenser by a seawater pump and used as a coolant in the condenser, and the heated seawater flowing out of the cold source output end of the condenser is supplied to a seawater desalination plant for use;
the temperature of high-temperature pure water flowing out of the heat source output end of the evaporator is reduced, the high-temperature pure water enters a low-temperature water storage tank, a part of low-temperature pure water flowing out of the low-temperature water storage tank enters a galvanic pile through a galvanic pile cooling water circulating pump, and the residual heat of the galvanic pile is recovered; and the other part of low-temperature pure water flowing out of the low-temperature water storage tank enters the air heat exchanger through the air heat exchanger cooling water circulating pump, and the high-temperature air waste heat is recovered.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention generates electric energy from the reaction gaseous products through a small turbine, and reduces parasitic power of auxiliary machines of the system;
2. according to the invention, the waste heat generated by the PEMFC pile, the reaction liquid product and the air compressor is recovered, so that the waste heat recovery amount is improved, and an air cooling device of the air compressor is omitted;
3. according to the invention, a part of recovered heat is used for preheating and humidifying the reactor inlet reactant, so that an external heating device is omitted, and parasitic power of auxiliary machines of the system is reduced; the other part of the recovered heat is used for generating electric energy through the organic Rankine cycle subsystem, the organic working medium condenser in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem adopts seawater as cooling liquid, the low-grade heat energy finally generated by the system is absorbed, the heated seawater is supplied to a seawater desalination plant for use, and the cascade utilization of the system waste heat and the improvement of the system electrical efficiency are realized;
4. according to the invention, a fuzzy logic PID controller with temperature feedback is adopted for each pump, so that each heat recovery circulating pump can timely adjust the flow along with the heat generation change of the system when the PEMFC dynamically operates, and the galvanic pile is stabilized at the optimal working temperature;
the hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system and the method based on the PEMFC and the organic Rankine cycle can not only stabilize the electric pile at the optimal working temperature, but also improve the electric efficiency of the system on the basis of the traditional PEMFC power generation system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pump flow control system according to the present invention;
in the figure: a PEMFC subsystem 1, a heat recovery subsystem 2, an organic Rankine cycle subsystem 3 and a pump flow control system 5;
the PEMFC subsystem 1 includes: an air compressor 101, an air heat exchanger 102, an air humidifier 103, a hydrogen tank 104, a hydrogen recovery and preheating device 105, a hydrogen humidifier 106, a hydrogen circulation compression pump 107, a galvanic pile 108, a small turbine 109;
the heat recovery subsystem 2 comprises: the gas-liquid separation device 201, the high-temperature water storage tank 202, the low-temperature water storage tank 203, the pile cooling water circulating pump 204, the air heat exchanger cooling water circulating pump 205, the first pure water branch 401, the second pure water branch 402, the tail gas branch 403 and the third pure water branch 404;
the organic rankine cycle subsystem 3 includes: an evaporator 301, a turbine 302, an organic working medium heat exchanger 303, an organic working medium circulating compression pump 304, a condenser 305 and a sea water pump 306;
the pump flow control system 5 includes: a first temperature monitoring point 501, a second temperature monitoring point 502, and a third temperature monitoring point 503.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system based on the PEMFC and the organic rankine cycle of the present invention includes a PEMFC subsystem 1, a heat recovery subsystem 2, an organic rankine cycle subsystem 3, and a pump flow control system 5.
The PEMFC subsystem 1 comprises a pile 108 for generating electric energy and liquid water through electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, an anode pipeline of the pile 108 is connected with a hydrogen branch, and a cathode pipeline of the pile 108 is connected with an air branch and a tail gas recycling branch.
The air branch comprises an air compressor 101 used for being connected with air, an output end pipeline of the air compressor 101 is connected with a heat source input end of an air heat exchanger 102, an output end pipeline of the heat source of the air heat exchanger 102 is connected with an input end of an air humidifier 103, and an output end pipeline of the air humidifier 103 is connected with a cathode of a galvanic pile 108.
The hydrogen branch comprises a hydrogen tank 104, an output end pipeline of the hydrogen tank 104 is connected with a cold source input end of a hydrogen recovery and preheating device 105, an output end pipeline of the cold source of the hydrogen recovery and preheating device 105 is connected with an input end of a hydrogen humidifier 106, an output end pipeline of the hydrogen humidifier 106 is connected with a hydrogen inlet of an anode of a galvanic pile 108, a hydrogen outlet pipeline of the galvanic pile 108 is connected with an input end of a hydrogen circulation compression pump 107, and an output end pipeline of the hydrogen circulation compression pump 107 is connected with the cold source input end of the hydrogen recovery and preheating device 105.
The wet hydrogen discharged from the stack 108 is pressurized by the hydrogen circulation compression pump 107 and then introduced into the hydrogen recovery and preheating device 105 to be mixed with fresh hydrogen.
The tail gas recycling branch comprises a tail gas branch 403 for recycling tail gas of the electric pile 108, the output end of the tail gas branch 403 is connected with the heat source input end of the hydrogen recycling and preheating device 105, the heat source output end of the hydrogen recycling and preheating device 105 is connected with the small turbine 109 through a pipeline, and the small turbine 109 generates electric energy through high-temperature high-voltage electric pile tail gas and finally discharges the electric energy into the atmosphere.
The heat recovery subsystem 2 comprises a gas-liquid separation device 201 connected with the outlet of the electric pile 108 through a pipeline, and a first pure water branch 401, a second pure water branch 402 and a third pure water branch 404. The gas output end of the gas-liquid separation device 201 is connected with the tail gas branch 403, the first pure water branch 401 is connected with the cooling system outlet of the electric pile 108, the second pure water branch 402 is connected with the liquid output end of the gas-liquid separation device 201, and the third pure water branch 404 is connected with the cold source output end of the air heat exchanger 102.
Specifically, the high-temperature liquid water and the tail gas generated by the electrochemical reaction in the electric pile 108 are separated by the gas-liquid separation device 201, namely, are divided into a tail gas branch 403 and a second pure water branch 402; the third pure water branch 404 is connected to the air heat exchanger 102 in the air branch, and cools the high-temperature air discharged from the air compressor 101 to the stack inlet temperature.
The output ends of the first pure water branch 401, the second pure water branch 402 and the third pure water branch 404 are all connected with the input end of the high-temperature water storage tank 202, the output end pipeline of the high-temperature water storage tank 202 is connected with the heat source input end of the evaporator 301 in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem 3, the collected heat is transferred to the organic Rankine cycle subsystem 3 through the evaporator 301, the heat source output end pipeline of the evaporator 301 is connected with the input end of the low-temperature water storage tank 203, the output end of the low-temperature water storage tank 203 is respectively connected with the input end of the electric pile cooling water circulation pump 204 and the input end of the air heat exchanger cooling water circulation pump 205 through pipelines, and the output end pipeline of the air heat exchanger cooling water circulation pump 205 is connected with the cold source input end of the air heat exchanger 102.
Specifically, the hot water in the high-temperature water storage tank 202 is connected with the evaporator 301 in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem 3, pure water discharged by the evaporator 301 enters the low-temperature water storage tank 203, one part of pure water in the low-temperature water storage tank 203 enters the electric pile 108 through the electric pile cooling water circulating pump 204 to complete electric pile heat recovery circulation, and the other part of pure water enters the air heat exchanger 102 through the air heat exchanger cooling water circulating pump 205 to complete air compressor heat recovery circulation.
The organic working medium in the organic rankine cycle subsystem 3 absorbs heat and evaporates into superheated steam through the evaporator 301, and converts thermal energy into electric energy.
Preferably, the organic rankine cycle subsystem 3 includes an evaporator 301, an organic working medium output end pipeline of the evaporator 301 is connected to an input end of a turbine 302, an output end pipeline of the turbine 302 is connected to a heat source input end of an organic working medium heat exchanger 303, a heat source output end pipeline of the organic working medium heat exchanger 303 is connected to a heat source input end of a condenser 305, a heat source output end pipeline of the condenser 305 is connected to an input end of an organic working medium circulating compression pump 304, an output end pipeline of the organic working medium circulating compression pump 304 is connected to a cold source input end of the organic working medium heat exchanger 303, and a cold source output end pipeline of the organic working medium heat exchanger 303 is connected to an input end of the organic working medium of the evaporator 301.
The input end pipeline of the condenser 305 is connected with the output end of the seawater pump 306, the input end pipeline of the seawater pump 306 is connected with seawater, and the output end pipeline of the condenser 305 is connected with a seawater desalination plant.
Specifically, the circulating medium in the organic rankine cycle subsystem 3 is a low-boiling-point organic working medium, the organic working medium absorbs heat in the evaporator 301 and gradually evaporates into superheated steam, the superheated steam enters the turbine 302 which is connected in sequence, the superheated steam drives the turbine 302 to rotate to generate electric energy, and then enters the organic working medium heat exchanger 303 which is connected in sequence to exchange heat with the cooled organic working medium. The organic working fluid vapor gradually liquefies in condenser 305, returning to a saturated liquid state. The coolant in the condenser 305 is seawater, and the heated seawater is supplied to a seawater desalination plant after being sent to the condenser 305 by a seawater pump 306. After being pressurized by the organic working medium circulation compression pump 304, the organic working medium liquid is sent to the organic working medium heat exchanger 303 which is connected in sequence, and finally enters the evaporator 301 again to complete circulation.
The function of the organic working fluid heat exchanger 303 is to reduce the temperature of the organic working fluid vapor entering the condenser 305, ensuring that it can fully return to a saturated liquid state; meanwhile, the temperature of the organic working medium entering the evaporator 301 can be increased, so that the organic working medium can be ensured to be charged and evaporated into superheated steam, and the thermodynamic cycle efficiency is improved.
The pump flow control system 5 comprises temperature monitoring points arranged on each branch and recovery circulating pumps corresponding to the temperature monitoring points, and the flow of the corresponding monitoring points is timely adjusted according to the temperature change of each temperature monitoring point through a fuzzy logic PID controller arranged on each recovery circulating pump, so that the electric pile 108 is controlled in the optimal working temperature range.
Preferably, the pump flow control system 5 includes a first temperature monitoring point 501, a second temperature monitoring point 502, and a third temperature monitoring point 503; the first temperature monitoring point 501 is arranged at the input end of the air humidifier 103 and corresponds to the air heat exchanger cooling water circulating pump 205; the second temperature monitoring point 502 is arranged at the outlet of the cooling system of the electric pile 108 and corresponds to the electric pile cooling water circulating pump 204; the third temperature monitoring point 503 is arranged at the input end of the low-temperature water storage tank 203 and corresponds to the organic working medium circulating compression pump 304 and the seawater pump 306; the air heat exchanger cooling water circulating pump 205, the pile cooling water circulating pump 204, the organic working medium circulating compression pump 304 and the sea water pump 306 are respectively provided with a fuzzy logic PID controller which can adjust the flow according to the heat generation change of the system in time.
Specifically, the control strategy logic of the fuzzy logic PID controller is as follows:
when the temperature monitored by the first temperature monitoring point 501, the second temperature monitoring point 502 and the third temperature monitoring point 503 exceeds the set temperature of the corresponding monitoring points, the flow rates of the cooling water circulating pump 205 of the corresponding air heat exchanger, the cooling water circulating pump 204 of the electric pile, the organic working medium circulating compression pump 304 and the sea water pump 306 are increased until the temperature of the monitoring points is recovered to the set temperature;
when the temperature monitored by the first temperature monitoring point 501, the second temperature monitoring point 502 and the third temperature monitoring point 503 is lower than the set temperature corresponding to the monitoring points, the flow rates of the cooling water circulating pump 205 corresponding to the air heat exchanger, the cooling water circulating pump 204 corresponding to the electric pile, the organic working medium circulating compression pump 304 and the sea water pump 306 are reduced until the temperature of the monitoring points is recovered to the set temperature.
Taking the second temperature monitoring point 502 and the stack cooling water circulation pump 204 as an example, as shown in fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pump flow control system 5 according to the present invention, with the same exception for each pump. The fuzzy logic PID controller adopts a double-input structure, the difference E between the temperature of the second temperature monitoring point 502 and the set temperature and the change rate EC of the difference are taken as input values, and PID controller parameters Kp, ki and Kd are set through fuzzy logic control and are output to the corresponding pump to complete flow control.
In a fuzzy logic PID controller, a fuzzy set of seven variables { NB, NM, NS, ZO, PS, PM, PB } is used to define the temperature difference E and the temperature difference change rate EC. Where PB represents the operating temperature of the stack 108 far below the setpoint temperature, and, by so doing, NB represents the operating temperature of the stack 108 far above the setpoint temperature. In this embodiment, according to the operating temperature change condition of the galvanic pile 108, the fuzzy argument of the temperature difference E and the temperature difference change rate EC is { -6, -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6}, the membership function selects a triangle function, and the fuzzy selection gravity center method is performed.
Preferably, each branch of the hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system based on the PEMFC and the organic Rankine cycle further comprises a control valve for ensuring normal starting and stopping of each branch.
Preferably, the low-temperature water storage tank 203 needs to be drained periodically, and the pure water discharged is supplied to the air humidifier 103 and the hydrogen humidifier 106.
The invention also designs a hydrogen-heat comprehensive power generation method based on the PEMFC and the organic Rankine cycle, which is applicable to the hydrogen-heat comprehensive power generation system based on the PEMFC and the organic Rankine cycle, and comprises the following steps:
when the hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system specifically works
Air is pressurized to the working pressure of the electric pile 108 through the air compressor 101, the temperature of the pressurized air rises to exceed the working temperature of the electric pile 108, the air is cooled in the air heat exchanger 102, then humidified through the air humidifier 103, and enters the cathode of the electric pile 108; the cooling water passing through the air heat exchanger 102 increases in temperature and enters the high-temperature water storage tank 202 through the third pure water branch 404.
Fresh hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen recovery and preheating device 105 from the hydrogen tank 104, unreacted hydrogen discharged from the electric pile 108 is pressurized by the hydrogen circulation compression pump 107, the introduced hydrogen recovery and preheating device 105 is mixed with the fresh hydrogen, the fresh hydrogen is preheated by the high-temperature unreacted hydrogen of the electric pile 108, and then the hydrogen is humidified by the hydrogen humidifier 106 and enters the anode of the electric pile 108.
The electric pile 108 carries out electrochemical reaction, high-temperature tail gas which does not participate in the reaction and liquid water generated by the reaction are separated in the gas-liquid separation device 201, and the high-temperature tail gas preheats the hydrogen in the hydrogen recovery and preheating device 105 through the tail gas branch 403 and then enters the small turbine 109 to push the small turbine 109 to rotate to generate electric energy; the liquid water generated by the reaction enters the high-temperature water storage tank 202 through the second pure water branch 402.
The temperature of the stack cooling water absorbing the residual heat of the stack 108 rises and enters the high-temperature water storage tank 202 through the first pure water branch 401.
The high-temperature pure water in the high-temperature water storage tank 202 enters the heat source input end of the evaporator 301 in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem 3, the organic working medium absorbs the heat of the high-temperature pure water in the evaporator 301 and gradually evaporates into superheated steam, the superheated steam enters the turbine 302 which is connected in sequence, the superheated steam drives the turbine 302 to rotate to generate electric energy, the electric energy enters the organic working medium heat exchanger 303 and exchanges heat with cooled organic working medium liquid, the organic working medium steam is gradually liquefied in the condenser 305 to form organic working medium liquid, the organic working medium liquid is pressurized by the organic working medium circulating compression pump 304 and then is sent into the organic working medium heat exchanger 303, and finally the organic working medium liquid enters the evaporator 301 again to complete circulation.
Seawater is fed into the cold source input end of the condenser 305 by a seawater pump 306 and used as a coolant in the condenser 305, and the heated seawater flowing out of the cold source output end of the condenser 305 is supplied to a seawater desalination plant for use.
The temperature of the high-temperature pure water flowing out of the heat source output end of the evaporator 301 is reduced, the high-temperature pure water enters the low-temperature water storage tank 203, a part of low-temperature pure water flowing out of the low-temperature water storage tank 203 enters the electric pile 108 through the electric pile cooling water circulating pump 204, and the residual heat of the electric pile 108 is recovered; another part of the low-temperature pure water flowing out of the low-temperature water storage tank 203 enters the air heat exchanger 102 through the air heat exchanger cooling water circulating pump 205, and the high-temperature air waste heat is recovered.
When the (di) hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system works under the fluctuation of power generation demand
When the operating power of the electric pile 108 is gradually increased, the residual heat generated by the electric pile 108 and the air compressor 101 in the system is increased, the flow of each circulating pump is not changed instantaneously, the temperatures of the first temperature monitoring point 501 and the second temperature monitoring point 502 are increased and are higher than the set temperatures of the two points, and then the water temperature in the high-temperature water storage tank 202 is increased. The amount of heat absorbed by the orc subsystem 3 will not change instantaneously, and the temperature at the third temperature monitoring point 503 will also rise. At this time, the fuzzy logic PID controller in the pump flow control system 5 starts to increase the flow of each pump, and the waste heat increased by the system is discharged out of the system until the temperatures of the three temperature monitoring points are consistent with the set temperature.
Similarly, when the operating power of the pile 108 gradually decreases, the amount of waste heat generated by the pile 108 and the air compressor 101 in the system decreases, the flow rate of each circulating pump does not change instantaneously, the first temperature monitoring point 501 and the second temperature monitoring point 502 decrease, the set temperatures below the two points are lower, and then the water temperature in the high-temperature water storage tank 202 decreases. The amount of heat absorbed by the orc subsystem 3 will not change instantaneously, and the temperature at the third temperature monitoring point 503 will also drop. At this time, the fuzzy logic PID controller in the pump flow control system 5 starts to reduce the flow of each pump, and reduces the amount of waste heat discharged by the system until the temperatures of the three temperature monitoring points are consistent with the set temperature.
The hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system and the method based on the PEMFC and the organic Rankine cycle not only can stabilize the electric pile at the optimal working temperature, but also can improve the electric efficiency of the system on the basis of the traditional PEMFC power generation system.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system based on PEMFC and organic Rankine cycle is characterized in that: comprises a PEMFC subsystem (1), a heat recovery subsystem (2), an organic Rankine cycle subsystem (3) and a pump flow control system (5);
the PEMFC subsystem (1) comprises a pile (108) for generating electric energy and liquid water through electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, an anode pipeline of the pile (108) is connected with a hydrogen branch, and a cathode pipeline of the pile (108) is connected with an air branch and a tail gas recycling branch;
the air branch comprises an air compressor (101) used for connecting air, an output end pipeline of the air compressor (101) is connected with a heat source input end of the air heat exchanger (102), a heat source output end pipeline of the air heat exchanger (102) is connected with an input end of the air humidifier (103), and an output end pipeline of the air humidifier (103) is connected with a cathode of the electric pile (108);
the hydrogen branch comprises a hydrogen tank (104), an output end pipeline of the hydrogen tank (104) is connected with a cold source input end of a hydrogen recovery and preheating device (105), an output end pipeline of the hydrogen recovery and preheating device (105) is connected with an input end of a hydrogen humidifier (106), an output end pipeline of the hydrogen humidifier (106) is connected with a hydrogen inlet of an anode of a galvanic pile (108), a hydrogen outlet pipeline of the galvanic pile (108) is connected with an input end of a hydrogen circulation compression pump (107), and an output end pipeline of the hydrogen circulation compression pump (107) is connected with a cold source input end of the hydrogen recovery and preheating device (105);
the tail gas recycling branch comprises a tail gas branch (403) for recycling tail gas of the electric pile (108), the output end of the tail gas branch (403) is connected with the heat source input end of the hydrogen recycling and preheating device (105), the heat source output end of the hydrogen recycling and preheating device (105) is connected with a small turbine (109) through a pipeline, and the small turbine (109) generates electric energy through the tail gas of the high-temperature high-voltage electric pile;
the heat recovery subsystem (2) comprises a gas-liquid separation device (201) connected with an outlet of the electric pile (108) through a pipeline, a first pure water branch (401), a second pure water branch (402) and a third pure water branch (404); the gas output end of the gas-liquid separation device (201) is connected with the tail gas branch (403), the first pure water branch (401) is connected with the outlet of a cooling system of the organic Rankine cycle subsystem (3), the second pure water branch (402) is connected with the liquid output end of the gas-liquid separation device (201), the third pure water branch (404) is connected with the cold source output end of the air heat exchanger (102), the output ends of the first pure water branch (401), the second pure water branch (402) and the third pure water branch (404) are respectively connected with the input end of a high-temperature water storage tank (202), the output end pipeline of the high-temperature water storage tank (202) is connected with the heat source input end of an evaporator (301) in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem (3), the collected heat is transmitted to the organic Rankine cycle subsystem (3) through the evaporator (301), the heat source output end pipeline of the evaporator (301) is connected with the input end of a low-temperature water storage tank (203), the output end of the low-temperature water storage tank (203) is respectively connected with the input end of an electric cooling water pump (204) and the cooling water pump (205), and the output end of the electric water pump (205) is connected with the cold source output end of the air pump (205) and the cooling water pump (102);
an organic working medium in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem (3) is subjected to heat absorption and evaporation through an evaporator (301) to form superheated steam, and heat energy is converted into electric energy;
the pump flow control system (5) comprises temperature monitoring points arranged on each branch and recovery circulating pumps corresponding to the temperature monitoring points, and the flow of the corresponding monitoring points is timely adjusted according to the temperature change of each temperature monitoring point through a fuzzy logic PID controller arranged on each recovery circulating pump, so that the electric pile (108) is controlled in an optimal working temperature range.
2. The PEMFC and organic rankine cycle-based hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system according to claim 1, wherein: the organic Rankine cycle subsystem (3) comprises an evaporator (301), an organic working medium output end pipeline of the evaporator (301) is connected with an input end of a turbine (302), an output end pipeline of the turbine (302) is connected with a heat source input end of an organic working medium heat exchanger (303), a heat source output end pipeline of the organic working medium heat exchanger (303) is connected with a heat source input end of a condenser (305), a heat source output end pipeline of the condenser (305) is connected with an input end of an organic working medium circulating compression pump (304), an output end pipeline of the organic working medium circulating compression pump (304) is connected with an input end of an organic working medium heat exchanger (303) cold source, and an output end pipeline of the organic working medium heat exchanger (303) is connected with an input end of the organic working medium of the evaporator (301).
3. The PEMFC and organic rankine cycle-based hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system according to claim 2, wherein: the input end pipeline of the condenser (305) is connected with the output end of the seawater pump (306), the input end pipeline of the seawater pump (306) is connected with seawater, and the output end pipeline of the condenser (305) is connected with a seawater desalination plant.
4. A PEMFC and organic rankine cycle based hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system according to claim 3, wherein: the pump flow control system (5) comprises a first temperature monitoring point (501), a second temperature monitoring point (502) and a third temperature monitoring point (503); the first temperature monitoring point (501) is arranged at the input end of the air humidifier (103) and corresponds to the cooling water circulating pump (205) of the air heat exchanger; the second temperature monitoring point (502) is arranged at an outlet of a cooling system of the electric pile (108) and corresponds to the electric pile cooling water circulating pump (204); the third temperature monitoring point (503) is arranged at the input end of the low-temperature water storage tank (203) and corresponds to the organic working medium circulating compression pump (304) and the seawater pump (306); the air heat exchanger cooling water circulating pump (205), the pile cooling water circulating pump (204), the organic working medium circulating compression pump (304) and the sea water pump (306) are respectively provided with a fuzzy logic PID controller which can adjust flow along with the heat generation change of the system in time.
5. The hydrogen-thermal integrated power generation system based on PEMFC and organic rankine cycle according to claim 4, wherein the control strategy logic of the fuzzy logic PID controller is:
when the temperatures monitored by the first temperature monitoring point (501), the second temperature monitoring point (502) and the third temperature monitoring point (503) exceed the set temperatures of the corresponding monitoring points, the flow rates of the cooling water circulating pump (205) of the corresponding air heat exchanger, the cooling water circulating pump (204) of the electric pile, the organic working medium circulating compression pump (304) and the sea water pump (306) are increased until the temperatures of the monitoring points are recovered to the set temperatures;
when the monitored temperatures of the first temperature monitoring point (501), the second temperature monitoring point (502) and the third temperature monitoring point (503) are lower than the set temperatures of the corresponding monitoring points, the flow rates of the cooling water circulating pump (205) of the corresponding air heat exchanger, the cooling water circulating pump (204) of the electric pile, the organic working medium circulating compression pump (304) and the sea water pump (306) are reduced until the temperatures of the monitoring points are recovered to the set temperatures.
6. The PEMFC and organic rankine cycle-based hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system according to claim 5, wherein: each branch of the hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system based on the PEMFC and the organic Rankine cycle also comprises a control valve for ensuring the normal starting and stopping of each branch.
7. The PEMFC and organic rankine cycle-based hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system according to claim 1, wherein: the low-temperature water storage tank (203) needs to be drained regularly, and the drained pure water is supplied to the air humidifier (103) and the hydrogen humidifier (106) for use.
8. A hydrogen-heat integrated power generation method based on PEMFC and organic rankine cycle, which is suitable for the hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system based on PEMFC and organic rankine cycle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
air is pressurized to the working pressure of the electric pile (108) through the air compressor (101), the temperature of the pressurized air rises to exceed the working temperature of the electric pile (108), the air is cooled in the air heat exchanger (102), then the air is humidified through the air humidifier (103), and the air enters the cathode of the electric pile (108); the temperature of the cooling water passing through the air heat exchanger (102) rises, and the cooling water enters the high-temperature water storage tank (202) through the third pure water branch (404);
introducing fresh hydrogen into a hydrogen recovery and preheating device (105) from a hydrogen tank (104), pressurizing unreacted hydrogen discharged from a galvanic pile (108) through a hydrogen circulation compression pump (107), introducing the hydrogen to mix the hydrogen recovery and preheating device (105) with the fresh hydrogen, preheating the fresh hydrogen by utilizing high-temperature unreacted hydrogen of the galvanic pile (108), and humidifying the fresh hydrogen through a hydrogen humidifier (106) to enter an anode of the galvanic pile (108);
the electric pile (108) carries out electrochemical reaction, high-temperature tail gas which does not participate in the reaction and liquid water generated by the reaction are separated in a gas-liquid separation device (201), and the high-temperature tail gas preheats hydrogen in a hydrogen recovery and preheating device (105) through a tail gas branch (403) and then enters a small turbine (109) to push the small turbine (109) to rotate so as to generate electric energy; liquid water generated by the reaction enters a high-temperature water storage tank (202) through a second pure water branch (402);
the temperature of the cooling water of the electric pile absorbing the residual heat of the electric pile (108) rises, and the cooling water enters a high-temperature water storage tank (202) through a first pure water branch (401);
the high-temperature pure water in the high-temperature water storage tank (202) enters the heat source input end of the evaporator (301) in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem (3), the organic working medium absorbs the heat of the high-temperature pure water in the evaporator (301) and gradually evaporates into superheated steam, the superheated steam enters the turbine (302) which is sequentially connected, the superheated steam drives the turbine (302) to rotate to generate electric energy, then enters the organic working medium heat exchanger (303) to exchange heat with the cooled organic working medium liquid, then the organic working medium steam is gradually liquefied in the condenser (305) to form the organic working medium liquid, the organic working medium liquid is pressurized by the organic working medium circulating compression pump (304) and then is sent into the organic working medium heat exchanger (303), and finally enters the evaporator (301) again to complete circulation;
seawater is sent into the cold source input end of the condenser (305) by a seawater pump (306) and used as a cooling agent in the condenser (305), and the heated seawater flowing out of the cold source output end of the condenser (305) is supplied to a seawater desalination plant for use;
the temperature of high-temperature pure water flowing out of the heat source output end of the evaporator (301) is reduced, the high-temperature pure water enters the low-temperature water storage tank (203), part of low-temperature pure water flowing out of the low-temperature water storage tank (203) enters the electric pile (108) through the electric pile cooling water circulating pump (204), and the waste heat of the electric pile (108) is recovered; the other part of low-temperature pure water flowing out of the low-temperature water storage tank (203) enters the air heat exchanger (102) through the air heat exchanger cooling water circulating pump (205) to recover the waste heat of the high-temperature air.
CN202311113260.5A 2023-08-31 2023-08-31 Hydrogen-heat integrated power generation system and method based on PEMFC and organic Rankine cycle Pending CN117293349A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118039961A (en) * 2024-04-10 2024-05-14 浙江重塑能源科技有限公司 Fuel cell system and control method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118039961A (en) * 2024-04-10 2024-05-14 浙江重塑能源科技有限公司 Fuel cell system and control method thereof

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