CN118039961A - Fuel cell system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN118039961A CN118039961A CN202410426949.1A CN202410426949A CN118039961A CN 118039961 A CN118039961 A CN 118039961A CN 202410426949 A CN202410426949 A CN 202410426949A CN 118039961 A CN118039961 A CN 118039961A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a fuel cell system and a control method of the fuel cell system. The fuel cell system comprises a galvanic pile, an air compressor, a first refrigerant system and a controller, wherein the air compressor is provided with a pressure end and a vortex end, the first refrigerant system comprises a heat absorption heat exchanger, a heat release heat exchanger and a refrigerant flow pump, the refrigerant flow pump enables refrigerant to circulate between the heat absorption heat exchanger and the heat release heat exchanger, air discharged from the pressure end exchanges heat with the heat absorption heat exchanger and then is introduced into an inlet of the galvanic pile, air discharged from an outlet of the galvanic pile exchanges heat with the heat release heat exchanger and then is introduced into the vortex end, and the controller is configured to adjust the rotating speed of the refrigerant flow pump according to the inlet pressure of the vortex end. According to the fuel cell system, the first refrigerant system is additionally arranged, and can recover heat of air discharged from the pressure end of the air compressor and heat the temperature of air discharged from the electric pile, so that the energy recovery efficiency of the vortex end of the air compressor is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and more particularly, to a fuel cell system and a control method of the fuel cell system.
Background
Fuel cells have begun to be used in passenger and commercial vehicle power systems as a clean, pollution-free energy conversion device. In recent years, fuel cells have also played a great role in stationary power generation. The fuel cell is adopted as a power generation device in the fixed power generation field, so that the hydrogen resource of the place can be fully utilized. The carbon emission is reduced, and meanwhile, the economic benefit can be achieved. The fuel cell system on the stationary power plant has a certain difference from the conventional vehicle, and is mainly embodied in the following three aspects: 1) The operation working condition is stable, and the transient working condition of sudden acceleration and deceleration is avoided except the startup and shutdown; 2) The fixed field works without vibration excitation applied from the outside; 3) The safety, reliability and service life of the product are high.
The conventional fixed power station fuel cell system generally adopts a Roots pump, and the service life of the Roots pump is difficult to meet the use requirements of users due to loud noise of a compressor of the Roots pump. The air bearing type air compressor has higher service life under the working conditions of high steady-state load and low vibration intensity. However, the existing air bearing type air compressor has low energy recovery efficiency at the vortex end, and is difficult to meet the economic benefit requirement of a fixed power station.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of low energy recovery efficiency of a fuel cell system of a fixed power station in the prior art, the application recovers the heat of gas exhausted by the air compressor by adding the first refrigerant system, heats the gas entering the vortex end of the air compressor by using the part of heat, improves the temperature of the gas at the vortex end of the air compressor, and greatly improves the energy recovery efficiency.
The application is realized by the following modes:
The application provides a fuel cell system, which comprises a galvanic pile, an air compressor, a first refrigerant system and a controller, wherein the air compressor is provided with a pressure end and a vortex end, the first refrigerant system comprises a heat absorption heat exchanger, a heat release heat exchanger and a refrigerant flow pump, the refrigerant flow pump circulates a refrigerant between the heat absorption heat exchanger and the heat release heat exchanger, air discharged from the pressure end exchanges heat with the heat absorption heat exchanger and then is introduced into an inlet of the galvanic pile, air discharged from an outlet of the galvanic pile exchanges heat with the heat release heat exchanger and then is introduced into the vortex end, and the controller is configured to adjust the rotating speed of the refrigerant flow pump according to the inlet pressure of the vortex end.
The application also provides a control method of the fuel cell system, comprising the fuel cell system, and the control method further comprises the following steps:
acquiring the current rotating speed and the current vortex end inlet pressure P1 of the air compressor;
Inquiring the optimal vortex end inlet pressure P1 0 corresponding to the current rotating speed of the air compressor;
Comparing the current vortex end inlet pressure P1 with the optimal vortex end inlet pressure P1 0, if P1 is more than P1 0, reducing the rotation speed of the refrigerant flow pump, and if P1 is less than P1 0, reducing the rotation speed of the refrigerant flow pump.
In a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell system is further provided with a water separator, and air discharged from an outlet of the stack flows through the water separator and then flows into the heat release heat exchanger.
In a preferred embodiment, the air compressor is further provided with a second refrigerant system and a turbine coaxial with the vortex end, and the refrigerant in the second refrigerant system exchanges heat with the liquid water separated by the water separator and pushes the turbine to do work.
In a preferred embodiment, the outlet of the turbine is provided with a flow regulating valve, and the controller is configured to adjust the opening of the flow regulating valve in dependence on the inlet pressure of the turbine.
The application also provides a control method of the fuel cell system, comprising the fuel cell system, and the control method further comprises the following steps:
Acquiring the current rotating speed of the air compressor and the current turbine inlet pressure P2;
Inquiring the optimal turbine inlet pressure P2 0 corresponding to the current rotating speed of the air compressor;
Comparing the current turbine inlet pressure P2 with the optimal turbine inlet pressure P2 0, if P2 is more than P2 0, adjusting the opening phi of the flow regulating valve, and if P2 is less than P2 0, adjusting the opening phi of the flow regulating valve.
In a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell system is further provided with a water storage tank, and the liquid water separated by the water separator exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the second refrigerant system and flows into the water storage tank.
In a preferred embodiment, an intercooler is arranged between the inlet of the galvanic pile and the pressure end, and the intercooler is connected with a first cogeneration pipeline.
In a preferred embodiment, a water separator is arranged between the outlet of the galvanic pile and the inlet of the vortex end, and the water separator is connected with a second cogeneration pipeline.
In a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell system is further provided with a humidifier.
Compared with the prior art, the application has at least the following technical effects:
1. The fuel cell system adopts the air bearing type air compressor, so that the heat of the gas exhausted by the electric pile can be recovered, and the economy of the whole system is improved. In order to further improve the energy recovery efficiency of the fuel cell system, the fuel cell system is additionally provided with the first refrigerant system, the first refrigerant system can recover the heat of the air discharged from the pressure end of the air compressor through the refrigerant in the heat absorption heat exchanger, the temperature of the air discharged from the pressure end of the air compressor is reduced after heat exchange with the refrigerant, an intercooler is not needed, the fuel cell system is simplified, meanwhile, the air discharged from the electric pile is also introduced into the heat release heat exchanger of the first refrigerant system, the refrigerant in the heat release heat exchanger exchanges heat with part of the air, the part of the air is heated, the temperature of the air entering the vortex end of the air compressor is further improved, and the energy recovery efficiency of the vortex end of the air compressor is improved. In addition, as the aerodynamic requirements of the vortex end of the air compressor are relatively high, the controller is configured to adjust the rotation speed of the refrigerant flow pump according to the pressure of the inlet of the vortex end, and further adjust the inlet pressure of the vortex end in a mode of adjusting the rotation speed of the refrigerant flow pump, so that the vortex end has optimal aerodynamic efficiency.
2. In order to further improve the energy recovery efficiency of the fuel cell system, the fuel cell system is further provided with the water separator, the water separator can separate water and vapor in air discharged by the electric pile, liquid water separated by the water separator has higher temperature, heat of the liquid water is recovered by arranging the second refrigerant system, and the refrigerant in the second refrigerant system is utilized to push the turbine to do work.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system of a third embodiment of the application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system according to a fourth embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a control method of the fuel cell system of the fifth embodiment of the application.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a control method of the fuel cell system of the sixth embodiment of the application.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing heat exchange curves of the first and second embodiments of the present application.
The meaning of the individual labels in the figures is as follows: 2. an intercooler; 4. a throttle valve; 5. a humidifier; 6. a galvanic pile; 7. a water separator; 81. pressing the end; 82. a vortex end; 83. a turbine; 9. an integral heat exchanger; 91. a heat absorption heat exchanger; 92. a heat release heat exchanger; 93. a second refrigerant system; 10. a first pressure sensor; 11. a flow regulating valve; 12. a water storage tank; 13. a refrigerant flow pump; 14. and a second pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the general inventive concept, a detailed description is given below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In addition, in the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. The positional relationship of "upstream", "downstream" and the like is based on the positional relationship when the fluid normally flows.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected and communicated; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1-6.
Embodiment one: as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell system, specifically, the fuel cell system of the present embodiment includes, in addition to conventional elements such as a stack 6 and an air compressor, an integral heat exchanger 9, and a refrigerant capable of exchanging heat is disposed inside the integral heat exchanger 9. Specifically, the air compressor is provided with a pressing end 81 and a vortex end 82, the pressing end 81 of the air compressor compresses air and then introduces the compressed air into the integrated heat exchanger 9, high-temperature air exchanges heat with refrigerant in the integrated heat exchanger 9, cooled air subjected to heat exchange is introduced into the electric pile 6, electrochemical reaction power generation is performed in the electric pile 6, tail gas discharged by the electric pile 6 is introduced into the integrated heat exchanger 9 again, heat exchange is performed with refrigerant in the integrated heat exchanger 9 again, the refrigerant transfers heat to the tail gas, and the tail gas is introduced into the vortex end 82 of the air compressor to push the vortex end 82 of the air compressor to apply work, so that power consumption of the whole air compressor is reduced, and economical efficiency of a fuel cell system is improved.
According to the fuel cell system, the integral heat exchanger 9 is additionally arranged, so that the heat of the air discharged by the pressure end 81 of the air compressor can be recovered through the refrigerant in the integral heat exchanger 9, the temperature of the air discharged by the pressure end 81 of the air compressor is reduced after heat exchange with the refrigerant, an intercooler is not required to be arranged, the fuel cell system is simplified, meanwhile, the refrigerant in the integral heat exchanger 9 exchanges heat with part of the air because the air discharged by the electric pile 6 is also introduced into the integral heat exchanger 9, the part of the air is heated, the temperature of the air entering the vortex end 82 of the air compressor is further improved, and the energy recovery efficiency of the vortex end 82 of the air compressor is improved.
The fuel cell system of the stationary power plant of this embodiment is further provided with a humidifier 5, and the gas discharged from the pressure end 81 of the air compressor needs to be introduced into the humidifier 5 to be humidified before entering the electric pile 6, so as to raise the humidity of the air at the inlet of the electric pile 6 and make it meet the reaction requirement of the electric pile 6. It will be appreciated that the outlet of the humidifier 5 may be provided with a throttle 4.
In the present embodiment, the fuel cell system is further provided with a water separator 7, and the water separator 7 is disposed between the outlet of the stack 6 and the integrated heat exchanger 9. Since the air discharged from the outlet of the stack 6 contains a large amount of water vapor, the water separator 7 is provided upstream of the integrated heat exchanger 9, and the water separator 7 can separate the water vapor from the air discharged from the stack 6 in order to prevent the water vapor from entering the scroll end 82 of the air compressor and reducing the energy recovery efficiency of the air compressor. In addition, the water separator 7 is arranged at the upstream of the integrated heat exchanger 9, so that the water vapor in the water separator 7 can not absorb the heat of the refrigerant in the integrated heat exchanger 9, the heat carried by the refrigerant in the integrated heat exchanger 9 sufficiently heats the air, and the heated air enters the vortex end 82 of the air compressor to do work, so that the energy recovery efficiency of the whole system is greatly improved.
It can be understood that the integrated heat exchanger 9 of this embodiment refers to a heat-absorbing and heat-releasing integrated heat exchanger, heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant and the gas discharged from the compression end 81 of the air compressor, so that the temperature of the gas entering the electric pile 6 is reduced, meanwhile, the temperature of the refrigerant is increased, the gas (tail gas) discharged after the electric pile 6 reacts enters the refrigerant, the high-temperature refrigerant heats the tail gas, the heated tail gas is introduced into the vortex end 82 of the air compressor, and the temperature of the gas entering the vortex end 82 of the air compressor is lower than the temperature of the gas discharged from the compression end 81 of the air compressor according to the second law of thermodynamics because the refrigerant for heat exchange is unchanged. The air discharged by the pressure end 81 of the air compressor and the air discharged by the electric pile 6 exchange heat with the refrigerant in the heat exchanger 9 at the same time, so that heat exchange can be performed in time.
It is understood that the refrigerant inside the integrated heat exchanger 9 of the present embodiment may be a refrigerant such as R134a (tetrafluoroethane).
It will be appreciated that the fuel cell system of the present embodiment has a large power generation capacity due to its application to a stationary power plant, and the stack 6 is composed of a plurality of sub-stacks connected in parallel. When the fuel cell system works, a single air compressor supplies air to a plurality of sub-stacks at the same time, and tail gas discharged by the plurality of sub-stacks is combined into one exhaust pipe and then is introduced into a vortex end 82 of the air compressor, namely, in the embodiment, the plurality of sub-stacks are connected in parallel to form one stack 6. The single air compressor supplies air for the plurality of sub-stacks, the structure is compact, and the efficiency is higher than the efficiency of the air supply of the plurality of air compressors respectively.
It can be understood that the pressing end 81 and the vortex end 82 of the air compressor in this embodiment are coaxially arranged, and the vortex end 82 rotates under the pushing of the tail gas to drive the pressing end 81 to rotate, so that the power of the air compressor is reduced, and the economical efficiency of the whole fuel cell system is improved.
It can be appreciated that the air compressor of this embodiment is an air bearing type centrifugal air compressor, is suitable for the environment that the operating mode is stable, vibration intensity is low, start and stop the number of times is few, is used for fixed power station can doubly increase air bearing's life.
It can be appreciated that, since the air compressor of the embodiment has the vortex end 82, exhaust energy of the electric pile 6 can be recovered, power consumption of the air compressor is reduced, and power generation efficiency of the fixed power station is improved.
Embodiment two: as shown in fig. 2, this embodiment provides another fuel cell system, unlike the first embodiment, the integral heat exchanger 9 of the first embodiment is replaced with a first refrigerant system including a heat absorption heat exchanger 91, a heat release heat exchanger 92, and a refrigerant flow pump 13, and the refrigerant flow pump 13 circulates a refrigerant between the heat absorption heat exchanger 91 and the heat release heat exchanger 92.
In this embodiment, the compressed air discharged from the pressure end 81 of the air compressor is firstly introduced into the heat absorption heat exchanger 91, the heat absorption heat exchanger 91 and the heat release heat exchanger 92 are internally provided with the refrigerant, the refrigerant flow pump 13 is arranged between the heat absorption heat exchanger 91 and the heat release heat exchanger 92, the refrigerant flow pump 13 can realize the refrigerant circulation between the heat absorption heat exchanger 91 and the heat release heat exchanger 92, when the fuel cell system works, the air discharged from the pressure end 81 of the air compressor is introduced into the heat absorption heat exchanger 91 and exchanges heat with the low-temperature refrigerant in the heat absorption heat exchanger 91, the air after heat exchange is introduced into the inlet of the electric pile 6, the temperature of the air at the inlet of the electric pile 6 is reduced due to the heat exchange with the refrigerant at the low temperature, meanwhile, the refrigerant in the heat absorption heat exchanger 91 flows into the refrigerant flow pump 13 after heat exchange, the refrigerant is conveyed into the heat release heat exchanger 92 through the refrigerant flow pump 13, the tail gas discharged from the outlet of the electric pile 6 is introduced into the heat release heat exchanger 92, the temperature of the air is increased with the high-temperature in the heat exchanger 92, the temperature of the heat exchanged tail gas is controlled by the heat exchange heat pump, the temperature of the tail gas after heat exchange is reduced through the heat exchange heat, the refrigerant flows into the heat exchange heat exchanger 92, and the temperature of the heat exchange heat is controlled by the heat exchange heat pump at the heat exchange end of the heat exchanger 82, and the tail gas is controlled by controlling the temperature of the heat circulation of the refrigerant. Compared with the first embodiment, in this embodiment, the air discharged from the air compressor compression end 81 and the refrigerant in the heat absorption heat exchanger 91, and the air discharged from the electric pile 6 and the refrigerant in the heat release heat exchanger 92 all have a larger temperature difference, so that the heat exchange efficiency is higher, and the heat recovery efficiency is obviously improved.
The heat exchange process of the first embodiment and the second embodiment is shown in fig. 7. The curve a is a heat exchange process between air discharged from the pressure end 81 of the air compressor of the first embodiment and the integrated heat exchanger 9, the curve B is a heat exchange process between air discharged from the electric pile 6 and the integrated heat exchanger 9, the curve C is a heat exchange process between air discharged from the pressure end 81 of the air compressor of the second embodiment and the heat absorption heat exchanger 91, the curve D is a refrigerant heat exchange process in the heat absorption heat exchanger 91 of the second embodiment, the curve E is a heat exchange process between refrigerant in the heat absorption heat exchanger 92 of the second embodiment, and the curve F is a heat exchange process between air discharged from the electric pile 6 of the second embodiment, from which it can be seen that the air discharged from the electric pile 6 of the second embodiment has a higher temperature after heat exchange with the heat absorption heat exchanger 92, and the energy recovery efficiency of the second embodiment is higher.
In the present embodiment, the first pressure sensor 10 is disposed at the inlet of the vortex end 82 of the air compressor, and the controller of the fuel cell system can control the rotation speed of the refrigerant flow pump 13 so that the pressure detected by the first pressure sensor 10 is maintained at the optimal inlet pressure P1 0 of the vortex end 82. Because the vortex end 82 of the air compressor has a severe requirement on air movement, and can obtain higher air movement efficiency by matching with proper flow and expansion ratio, the embodiment maintains the pressure detected by the first pressure sensor 10 at a preset value by controlling the rotation speed of the refrigerant flow pump 13 in real time, so that the air compressor obtains optimal air movement efficiency. It is understood that the optimal inlet pressure P1 0 is the pressure at which the air compressor achieves the optimal aerodynamic efficiency.
It will be appreciated that the refrigerant flow pump 13 of the present embodiment functions to transport refrigerant between the heat absorption heat exchanger 91 and the heat release heat exchanger 92. The refrigerant flow pump 13 only plays a role of a transport pipe when the refrigerant flow is not required to be controlled, and of course, the refrigerant flow pump 13 can play a role of controlling the refrigerant flow when the refrigerant flow between the heat absorption heat exchanger 91 and the heat release heat exchanger 92 is required to be controlled.
Other features of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and are not described in detail herein.
Embodiment III: as shown in fig. 3, this embodiment provides another fuel cell system of a stationary power plant, and unlike the second embodiment, the air compressor of this embodiment is further provided with a turbine 83 coaxial with the air compressor.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the outlet of the water separator 7 is provided with the second refrigerant system 93, the refrigerant in the second refrigerant system 93 exchanges heat with the liquid water separated by the water separator 7, and then is introduced into the turbine 83, so as to push the turbine 83 to do work and then flow back to the second refrigerant system 93, and as the refrigerant circulates between the second refrigerant system 93 and the turbine 83, the refrigerant is heated by the heat recovered from the liquid water by the second refrigerant system 93, and the heated and expanded refrigerant pushes the turbine 83 to do work, thereby realizing energy recovery of the liquid water and further improving the heat recovery efficiency of the whole fuel cell system.
In this embodiment, the fuel cell system is further provided with a water storage tank 12, and the liquid water separated by the water separator 7 exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the heat recovery device 93 and flows into the water storage tank 12, so that the water source of the portion can be recovered, and the economical efficiency of the whole fuel cell system is improved.
In this embodiment, the inlet of the turbine 83 is provided with the second pressure sensor 14, the outlet of the turbine 83 is provided with the flow regulating valve 11, and the controller of the fuel cell system can control the opening degree of the flow regulating valve 11 to control the pressure detected by the second pressure sensor 14 to maintain at the optimal turbine inlet pressure P2 0, because the turbine 83 drives the air compressor to work more severely for the pneumatic requirement, and the higher pneumatic efficiency can be obtained by matching the proper flow and expansion ratio, so that the pressure of the inlet of the turbine 83 needs to be controlled. Typically, the optimal turbine inlet pressure P2 0 is the pressure value corresponding to the maximum aerodynamic efficiency of the turbine 83. It is understood that the controller of the present embodiment and the controller of the second embodiment are the same controller.
Other features of this embodiment are the same as those of the second embodiment, and are not described in detail herein.
Embodiment four: as shown in fig. 4, this embodiment provides another fuel cell system of a stationary power plant, unlike the first embodiment, an intercooler 2 is disposed between the electric pile 6 and the pressure end 81 of the air compressor, the intercooler 2 is connected with a first cogeneration pipeline with the outside, a water separator 7 is disposed between the outlet of the electric pile 6 and the vortex end 82, and the water separator 7 is connected with a second cogeneration pipeline. The first heat-electricity cogeneration pipeline and the second heat-electricity cogeneration pipeline are arranged, so that heat of the fuel cell system can be further recycled, and the economical efficiency of the whole fuel cell system is improved.
Other features of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and are not described in detail herein.
Fifth embodiment: as shown in fig. 5, the present embodiment provides a control method of a fuel cell system, which is applied to the fuel cell system of the second embodiment.
In this embodiment, the control device of the fuel cell system stores an optimal vortex end inlet pressure P1 0 corresponding to each air compressor rotation speed.
When the fuel cell system of this embodiment works, the control device of the fuel cell system acquires the current rotation speed of the air compressor and the pressure P1 at the inlet of the vortex end 82 detected by the first pressure sensor 10 in real time, then queries the optimal vortex end inlet pressure P1 0 corresponding to the current rotation speed of the air compressor, compares P1 with P1 0 in real time, if P1 is greater than P1 0, controls the rotation speed of the refrigerant flow pump 13 to be reduced, and if P1 is less than P1 0, controls the rotation speed of the refrigerant flow pump 13 to be increased.
In this embodiment, the pressure P1 at the inlet of the vortex end 82 detected by the first sensor 10 is used as a feedback value, and the inlet pressure of the vortex end 82 of the air compressor is adjusted in real time by controlling the rotation speed of the refrigerant flow pump 13, so that the inlet pressure of the vortex end 82 is quickly maintained at the optimal inlet pressure of the vortex end, pneumatic accurate matching of the vortex end can be realized, and the optimal energy recovery effect is achieved.
Example six: as shown in fig. 6, the present embodiment provides a control method of a fuel cell system, which is applied to the fuel cell system of the third embodiment.
In this embodiment, the control device of the fuel cell system stores the optimal turbine inlet pressure P2 0 corresponding to each air compressor rotation speed.
When the fuel cell system of this embodiment works, the control device of the fuel cell system acquires the current rotation speed of the air compressor and the pressure P2 at the inlet of the turbine 83 detected by the second pressure sensor 14 in real time, and queries the optimal turbine inlet pressure P2 0 corresponding to the current rotation speed of the air compressor, then, the controller of the fuel cell system compares P2 with P2 0 in real time, if P2 is greater than P2 0, the opening phi of the flow regulating valve 11 is controlled to be increased, and if P1 is less than P1 0, the opening phi of the flow regulating valve 11 is controlled to be decreased.
In this embodiment, the pressure P2 at the inlet of the turbine 83 detected by the second sensor 14 is used as a feedback value, and the inlet pressure of the turbine 83 of the air compressor is adjusted in real time by controlling the opening phi of the flow control valve 11, so that the inlet pressure is quickly maintained at the optimal turbine inlet pressure, pneumatic accurate matching of the turbine 83 can be realized, and an optimal energy recovery effect is achieved.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e. all equivalent changes and modifications that may be made in accordance with the present invention are covered by the appended claims, which are not intended to be construed as limiting.
Claims (10)
1. The fuel cell system comprises a pile, an air compressor, a first refrigerant system and a controller, wherein the air compressor is provided with a pressing end and a vortex end,
The first refrigerant system comprises a heat absorption heat exchanger, a heat release heat exchanger and a refrigerant flow pump, the refrigerant flow pump enables refrigerant to circulate between the heat absorption heat exchanger and the heat release heat exchanger, air discharged from the pressure end exchanges heat with the heat absorption heat exchanger and then is introduced into an inlet of the electric pile, air discharged from an outlet of the electric pile exchanges heat with the heat release heat exchanger and then is introduced into the vortex end, and the controller is configured to adjust the rotating speed of the refrigerant flow pump according to the inlet pressure of the vortex end.
2. A fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell system is further provided with a water separator, and air discharged from an outlet of the stack flows through the water separator and then flows into the heat release heat exchanger.
3. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the air compressor is further provided with a second refrigerant system and a turbine coaxial with the vortex end, and the refrigerant in the second refrigerant system exchanges heat with the liquid water separated by the water separator to push the turbine to do work.
4. A fuel cell system according to claim 3, wherein the inlet of the turbine is provided with a flow regulating valve, and the controller is configured to adjust the opening degree of the flow regulating valve in accordance with the outlet pressure of the turbine.
5. A fuel cell system according to claim 3, further comprising a water storage tank, wherein the liquid water separated by the water separator exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the second refrigerant system and flows into the water storage tank.
6. A fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that an intercooler is arranged between the inlet of the stack and the pressure end, the intercooler being connected to a first cogeneration line.
7. A fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein a water separator is provided between the outlet of the stack and the inlet of the vortex end, the water separator being connected to a second cogeneration line.
8. A fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell system is further provided with a humidifier.
9. A control method of a fuel cell system, characterized by comprising a fuel cell system according to claim 1, the control method further comprising:
acquiring the current rotating speed and the current vortex end inlet pressure P1 of the air compressor;
Inquiring the optimal vortex end inlet pressure P1 0 corresponding to the current rotating speed of the air compressor;
Comparing the current vortex end inlet pressure P1 with the optimal vortex end inlet pressure P1 0, if P1 is more than P1 0, reducing the rotation speed of the refrigerant flow pump, and if P1 is less than P1 0, reducing the rotation speed of the refrigerant flow pump.
10. A control method of a fuel cell system, characterized by comprising the fuel cell system according to claim 4, the control method further comprising:
Acquiring the current rotating speed of the air compressor and the current turbine inlet pressure P2;
Inquiring the optimal turbine inlet pressure P2 0 corresponding to the current rotating speed of the air compressor;
Comparing the current turbine inlet pressure P2 with the optimal turbine inlet pressure P2 0, if P2 is more than P2 0, adjusting the opening phi of the flow regulating valve, and if P2 is less than P2 0, adjusting the opening phi of the flow regulating valve.
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