CN111964196A - Solar phase-change cold-storage air conditioning system and control method - Google Patents
Solar phase-change cold-storage air conditioning system and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111964196A CN111964196A CN202010945088.XA CN202010945088A CN111964196A CN 111964196 A CN111964196 A CN 111964196A CN 202010945088 A CN202010945088 A CN 202010945088A CN 111964196 A CN111964196 A CN 111964196A
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 102
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
- F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/001—Compression cycle type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
- F24F2005/0032—Systems storing energy during the night
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
- F24F2005/0064—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using solar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solar phase-change cold-storage air-conditioning system and a control method thereof, and the system comprises a solar photovoltaic power generation grid-connected unit, a heat pump refrigerating unit, a phase-change cold-storage temperature-regulating unit and an air-conditioning tail end, wherein the solar photovoltaic power generation grid-connected unit drives the heat pump refrigerating unit, cold energy is generated by the operation of the heat pump refrigerating unit, water is used as a refrigerant, and the constant temperature regulation is carried out by the phase-change cold-storage temperature-regulating unit to continuously and stably provide cold energy for the tail end of the air-conditioning. Through the mode, the solar phase-change cold-storage air-conditioning system and the control method combine the heat pump technology, the phase-change energy storage technology and the solar energy, can adjust the heat flow density at a constant temperature, improve the effective energy utilization rate, have better energy-saving benefit, supplement the solar photovoltaic power generation during the peak electricity period in the day, utilize the valley electricity to store cold as far as possible at night, and greatly reduce the unbalance of a power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization, in particular to a solar phase change cold accumulation air conditioning system and a control method.
Background
The energy consumption of buildings in China accounts for about 30% of the total energy consumption of social terminals, the energy consumption generated by refrigeration or heating accounts for about 40% -50% of the energy consumption of the buildings, and the conventional air-conditioning refrigeration adopts a voltage compression refrigeration mode and a very small amount of lithium bromide absorption refrigeration modes.
The voltage compression type refrigeration mode is characterized in that high-grade electric energy is consumed to drive a compressor to obtain cold energy, and as the living and working habits of people and the environmental temperature in daytime are higher, most of the demands of cold load of buildings are concentrated in daytime, so that great imbalance is brought to a power grid, and huge power loss is caused.
Adopt the ice cold-storage technology can partially solve above problem, but the ice cold-storage technology phase transition point is lower (0 ℃), and the phase transition heat transfer difference is great (generally have 6~7 ℃), brings that the millet electricity cold-storage operating mode operating temperature is lower (less than or equal to-7 ℃), and the result that causes is: the energy efficiency ratio COP of the cold accumulation working condition system is low, the conventional air conditioning unit cannot adapt to the cold accumulation working condition system, and a special ice making unit must be replaced, so that the initial investment is increased.
Solar energy is used as free clean energy to be applied to building heating, has great value, can solve the problem of unbalanced power grid, and can greatly reduce the operation cost, but the solar irradiation intensity cannot be continuously and stably operated under the influence of environmental factors and incident angles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a solar phase-change cold-storage air-conditioning system and a control method thereof, combines a heat pump technology, a phase-change energy storage technology and solar energy, can adjust the heat flow density at a constant temperature, improves the effective utilization rate of energy, has better energy-saving benefit, reduces the pollution to the environment, supplements the solar photovoltaic power generation at the peak electricity time period in the day, utilizes valley electricity for cold storage as far as possible at the night, and greatly relieves the unbalance of a power grid.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: provided is a solar phase change cold accumulation air conditioning system, comprising: a solar photovoltaic power generation grid-connected unit, a heat pump refrigerating unit, a phase change cold accumulation temperature adjusting unit and an air conditioner tail end,
the solar photovoltaic power generation grid-connected unit drives the heat pump refrigerating unit, cold energy is generated by running the heat pump refrigerating unit, constant temperature adjustment is carried out by taking water as a heating medium through the phase change cold accumulation temperature adjusting unit, and the cold energy is continuously and stably provided for the tail end of the air conditioner.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the solar photovoltaic power generation grid-connected unit comprises a municipal power grid, a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter,
the photovoltaic module is connected with the input end of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, the output end of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is connected with the heat pump refrigerating unit, and the photovoltaic module converts the generated direct current into alternating current through the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and then the alternating current is merged into a municipal power grid for grid-connected power generation.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the heat pump refrigeration unit comprises a compressor, a throttle valve, an air-cooled condenser and a water-cooled evaporator,
and the refrigerant side outlet of the air-cooled condenser is connected with the refrigerant side inlet of the water-cooled evaporator through a throttle valve.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the phase change cold storage and temperature regulation unit comprises a circulating water pump, a phase change cold storage tank, a first electric valve and a second electric valve, a water system is formed by the water side of the water-cooling evaporator, the circulating water pump, the phase change cold storage tank and the air conditioner tail end, and the second electric valve is arranged on the pipeline between the circulating water pump and the phase change cold storage tank and the pipeline between the first electric valve and the air conditioner tail end.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a secondary refrigerant side outlet of the water-cooled evaporator is connected with a secondary refrigerant inlet of the phase-change cold accumulation tank, an outlet of the phase-change cold accumulation agent supplies cold to the tail end of the air conditioner, a load side of the water-cooled evaporator is connected with a circulating water pump, and the secondary refrigerant enters the phase-change cold accumulation tank to adjust the temperature and then enters the tail end of the air conditioner to discharge cold under the driving of the circulating water pump, wherein the secondary refrigerant is an anti-freezing solution.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the phase change cold accumulation tank comprises a heat preservation box body and a cold accumulation ball positioned in the heat preservation box body, wherein the cold accumulation ball is a HDPE plastic hollow ball, a cold accumulation phase change material is arranged in the cold accumulation ball, and the cold accumulation phase change material is a 6 ℃ cold accumulation phase change material.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the 6 ℃ cold accumulation phase change material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-50% of sodium hydroxide, 0-10% of sodium chloride and 40-60% of water.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the latent heat of phase change of the 6 ℃ cold accumulation phase change material is 240 to 260KJ/kg, and the density is 1.45 to 1.55 kg/l.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts another technical scheme that: the control method of the solar phase change cold accumulation air-conditioning system is provided, and the solar phase change cold accumulation air-conditioning system comprises four operation working conditions:
a. and (3) storing and supplying working conditions: closing the first electrically operated valve, opening the second electrically operated valve:
the working condition is that the working condition occurs in a solar power generation period in daytime and a valley power period in night, the refrigerating capacity of the heat pump refrigerating unit is greater than the cold load required by the tail end of the air conditioner, the temperature of the secondary refrigerant is continuously reduced at the moment, when the temperature of the secondary refrigerant is less than 6 ℃, the cold accumulation balls absorb part of cold energy for cold accumulation, and the refrigerating capacity of the rest heat pump refrigerating unit is used for the tail end of the air conditioner for cold discharge;
b. the heat pump cold accumulation co-supply working condition is as follows: closing the first electrically operated valve, opening the second electrically operated valve:
when the temperature of the secondary refrigerant is higher than the phase-change temperature by 6 ℃, the outlet temperature T0 of the phase-change cold storage tank is between 6 ℃ and 9 ℃, and the heat pump refrigeration and the phase-change cold storage are combined to supply cold to the tail end of the air conditioner;
c. pure storage working condition: closing the second electrically operated valve, opening the first electrically operated valve:
the working condition is that the working condition is in the solar power generation period in the daytime and the off-peak period at night, the refrigeration load is not needed at the tail end of the air conditioner, the refrigeration of the heat pump refrigerating unit is purely used for storing cold to the phase change cold storage tank, the outlet temperature T0 of the phase change cold storage tank is less than 6 ℃, the tail end of the air conditioner does not need cold supply, and when the temperature T0 is less than-1 ℃, the phase change cold storage tank is full;
d. storage and supply working conditions: closing the first electrically operated valve, opening the second electrically operated valve:
the working condition is in the non-solar power generation period and the off-peak power period, the heat pump refrigerating unit stops refrigerating at the time, the outlet temperature T0 of the phase change cold accumulation tank is between 6 ℃ and 9 ℃, and the phase change cold accumulation tank supplies cold to the tail end of the air conditioner independently.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, four operation conditions are distinguished and controlled by the phase change cold storage tank outlet temperature T0 at different time intervals:
the solar power generation operation time interval in daytime is 8:00-17: 00: the working condition of simultaneous storage and simultaneous supply or the working condition of heat pump cold accumulation combined supply is as follows:
when the outlet temperature T0 of the phase-change cold accumulation tank is less than or equal to 6 ℃, indicating a side accumulation and side supply working condition; when the temperature is 6 ℃ and T0 is 9 ℃, the working condition of heat pump cold accumulation combined supply is shown; when the tail end of the air conditioner does not need cooling capacity, the operation working condition is converted into a pure storage working condition;
peak power operation period 17:00-22: 00: at the moment, the working condition is the accumulation and supply working condition or the heat pump cold accumulation combined supply working condition, the outlet temperature T0 of the phase change cold accumulation tank is 6 ℃ to less than T0 to less than 9 ℃, and the accumulation and supply working condition is adopted at the moment as much as possible;
valley electricity operation time period 22:00-6: 00: the working condition of simultaneous storage and simultaneous supply or the working condition of heat pump cold accumulation and combined supply is adopted, the working condition of simultaneous storage and simultaneous supply is adopted when the outlet temperature T0 of the phase change cold accumulation tank is less than or equal to 6 ℃, and the working condition of heat pump cold accumulation and combined supply is adopted when the temperature T0 is less than 6 ℃; when the tail end of the air conditioner does not need cooling capacity, the operation working condition is converted into a pure storage working condition;
the period of flat operation is 17:00-22: 00: at the moment, the working condition is accumulation working condition or heat pump cold accumulation combined supply working condition, the outlet temperature T0 of the phase change cold accumulation tank is 6 ℃ less than T0 less than 9 ℃, and the accumulation working condition is adopted as much as possible in the period.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the solar phase-change cold-storage air-conditioning system and the control method combine the heat pump technology, the phase-change energy storage technology and the solar energy, can adjust the heat flow density at a constant temperature, improve the effective utilization rate of energy, have better energy-saving benefit, reduce the pollution to the environment, supplement the solar photovoltaic power generation at the peak electricity time in the daytime, utilize the valley electricity for cold storage as far as possible at night, and greatly relieve the imbalance of a power grid.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a solar phase change cold storage air conditioning system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase change cold storage tank in the solar phase change cold storage air conditioning system of the present invention;
the parts in the drawings are numbered as follows: 1. municipal power grid, 2, photovoltaic module, 3, photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, 4, heat pump refrigerating unit, 5, compressor, 6, choke valve, 7, air-cooled condenser, 8, water-cooled evaporator, 9, circulating water pump, 10, phase transition cold storage tank, 11, first electric valve, 12, second electric valve, 13, air conditioner end, 14, heat preservation box, 15, cold storage ball.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, an embodiment of the present invention includes:
example one
A solar phase-change cold-storage air conditioning system comprises a solar photovoltaic power generation grid-connected unit, a heat pump refrigerating unit 4, a phase-change cold-storage temperature regulating unit and an air conditioning tail end, wherein the solar photovoltaic power generation grid-connected unit drives the heat pump refrigerating unit 4, cold energy is generated by running the heat pump refrigerating unit 4, water is used as a heating medium, and constant temperature regulation is carried out through the phase-change cold-storage temperature regulating unit, so that the cold energy is continuously and stably provided for the tail end of the air conditioning.
The solar photovoltaic power generation grid-connected unit comprises a municipal power grid 1, a photovoltaic module 2 and a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter 3, the photovoltaic module 1 is connected with the input end of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter 3, the output end of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter 3 is connected with a heat pump refrigerating unit 4, and the photovoltaic module 2 converts generated direct current into alternating current through the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter 3 and then the alternating current is merged into the municipal power grid 1 for grid-connected power generation.
The heat pump refrigerating unit comprises a compressor 5, a throttle valve 6, an air-cooled condenser 7 and a water-cooled evaporator 8, wherein a refrigerant side outlet of the water-cooled evaporator 8 is connected with the compressor 5 and then connected with a refrigerant side inlet of the air-cooled condenser 7, and a refrigerant side outlet of the air-cooled condenser 7 is connected with a refrigerant side inlet of the water-cooled evaporator 8 through the throttle valve 6.
The phase change cold accumulation temperature adjusting unit comprises a circulating water pump 9, a phase change cold accumulation tank 10, a first electric valve 11 and a second electric valve 12, a water side of the water-cooling evaporator 8 forms a water system with the circulating water pump 9, the phase change cold accumulation tank 10 and an air conditioner end 13, the first electric valve 11 is arranged on a pipeline between the circulating water pump 9 and the phase change cold accumulation tank 10, and the second electric valve 12 is arranged on a pipeline between the circulating water pump 9 and the air conditioner end 13.
The phase change cold storage tank 10 includes: the heat preservation box body 14 and the cold accumulation ball 15 that is located inside the heat preservation box body 14, the cold accumulation ball 15 is HDPE plastics clean shot, and the cold accumulation phase change material is equipped with to the inside of cold accumulation ball 15, and the cold accumulation phase change material is 6 ℃ cold accumulation phase change material.
Further, the 6 ℃ cold accumulation phase change material mainly comprises sodium hydroxide NaOH, sodium chloride NaCl and water H2O, the mass percentage of each component is as follows: 30-50% of sodium hydroxide, 0-10% of sodium chloride and 40-60% of water, wherein the latent heat of phase change of the 6 ℃ cold accumulation phase change material is 240-260 KJ/kg, and the density is 1.45-1.55 kg/l.
The working principle of the solar phase-change cold-storage air-conditioning system is as follows:
the solar photovoltaic power generation grid-connected unit converts the generated direct current into alternating current through a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter 3 by a photoelectric conversion technology and then is connected to a power grid, so that the electric quantity required by the operation of a compressor 5 in the heat pump refrigerating unit 4 is provided, the insufficient part is provided by the power grid, and the excessive part is connected to the Internet;
refrigerant steam obtained by absorbing heat and evaporating from the water-cooled evaporator 8 enters the compressor 5 for compression to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant steam, then enters the air-cooled condenser 7 for condensation and heat release to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant liquid, then is throttled and expanded by the throttle valve 6 to obtain low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant gas-liquid two-phase flow, and enters the water-cooled evaporator 8 again for evaporation and heat absorption to complete a refrigeration cycle;
the secondary refrigerant side outlet of the water-cooled evaporator 8 is connected with the secondary refrigerant inlet of the phase-change cold accumulation tank 10, the outlet of the phase-change cold accumulation agent supplies cold to the air conditioner terminal 13, the load side of the water-cooled evaporator 8 is connected with the circulating water pump 9, the secondary refrigerant enters the phase-change cold accumulation tank 10 to be regulated in temperature under the driving of the circulating water pump 9 and then enters the air conditioner terminal 13 to be cooled, wherein the secondary refrigerant is antifreeze, and the air conditioner terminal 13 is usually a fan coil.
Example two
A control method of a solar phase change cold accumulation air-conditioning system adopts the solar phase change cold accumulation air-conditioning system and comprises four operation working conditions:
a. and (3) storing and supplying working conditions: closing the first electrically operated valve 11, opening the second electrically operated valve 12:
the working condition is that the working condition occurs in the solar power generation period in daytime and the off-peak power period in night, the refrigerating capacity of the heat pump refrigerating unit 4 is greater than the cold load required by the air conditioner tail end 13, the temperature of the secondary refrigerant is continuously reduced at the moment, when the temperature of the secondary refrigerant is less than 6 ℃, the cold accumulation balls 15 absorb part of cold energy for cold accumulation, and the refrigerating capacity of the rest heat pump refrigerating unit 4 is used for cold discharge of the air conditioner tail end;
b. the heat pump cold accumulation co-supply working condition is as follows: closing the first electrically operated valve 11, opening the second electrically operated valve 12:
when the temperature of the secondary refrigerant is higher than the phase-change temperature of 6 ℃, the temperature T0 at the outlet of the phase-change cold storage tank 10 is between 6 ℃ and 9 ℃, and the heat pump refrigeration and the phase-change cold storage are combined to supply cold to the tail end of the air conditioner;
c. pure storage working condition: closing the second electrically operated valve 12, opening the first electrically operated valve 11:
the working condition is that the working condition is in the solar power generation period in the daytime and the off-peak period in the evening, the refrigeration load is not needed at the tail end 12 of the air conditioner, the refrigeration of the heat pump refrigerating unit 4 is purely used for storing cold to the phase change cold storage tank 10, the outlet temperature T0 of the phase change cold storage tank is less than 6 ℃, the tail end 13 of the air conditioner does not need cold supply, and when the T0 is less than-1 ℃, the phase change cold storage tank 10 is fully stored;
d. storage and supply working conditions: closing the first electrically operated valve 11, opening the second electrically operated valve 12:
the working condition occurs in the non-solar power generation period and the off-peak power period, the heat pump refrigerating unit 4 stops refrigerating at the time, the outlet temperature T0 of the phase-change cold storage tank 10 is between 6 ℃ and 9 ℃, and the phase-change cold storage tank 10 independently supplies cold to the tail end 13 of the air conditioner.
The whole system control firstly has to satisfy the priority principle, namely priority solar energy, secondly valley electricity, and secondly flat electricity, and peak electricity is used as little as possible.
The four operation conditions are distinguished and controlled at different time intervals through the outlet temperature T0 of the phase change cold accumulation tank, and the operation time of the refrigeration air-conditioning system is divided into the following time intervals for operation control:
the solar power generation operation time interval in daytime is 8:00-17: 00:
the working condition of simultaneous storage and simultaneous supply or the working condition of heat pump cold accumulation combined supply is as follows: when the outlet temperature T0 of the phase-change cold accumulation tank 10 is less than or equal to 6 ℃, indicating a side accumulation and side supply working condition; when the temperature is 6 ℃ and T0 is 9 ℃, the working condition of heat pump cold accumulation combined supply is shown; when the air conditioner terminal 13 does not require cooling capacity, the operation condition is converted into a pure storage condition.
Peak power operation period 17:00-22: 00:
at the moment, the working condition is accumulation and supply working condition or heat pump cold accumulation and supply working condition, the temperature T0 of the outlet of the phase change cold accumulation tank 10 is 6 ℃ and T0 and 9 ℃, and the accumulation and supply working condition is adopted at the moment as much as possible.
Valley electricity operation time period 22:00-6: 00:
the working condition of simultaneous storage and simultaneous supply or the working condition of heat pump cold accumulation and combined supply is adopted at the moment, the working condition of simultaneous storage and simultaneous supply is adopted when the temperature T0 of the outlet of the phase change cold accumulation tank 10 is less than or equal to 6 ℃, and the working condition of heat pump cold accumulation and combined supply is adopted when the temperature T0 is less than 9 ℃; when the air conditioner terminal 13 does not require cooling capacity, the operation condition is converted into a pure storage condition.
The period of flat operation is 17:00-22: 00:
at the moment, the working condition is accumulation working condition or heat pump cold accumulation combined supply working condition, the temperature T0 of the outlet of the phase change cold accumulation tank 13 is 6 ℃ and T0 and 9 ℃, and the accumulation working condition is adopted as much as possible in the period.
The solar phase-change cold-storage air-conditioning system and the control method thereof utilize the solar photovoltaic power generation inversion grid-connected driving heat pump (air source or water source) in the daytime, the heat pump operates to generate cold energy, and water is used as a refrigerant to be subjected to constant temperature regulation through the phase-change cold-storage temperature regulating device, so that the cold energy is continuously and stably provided for the tail end of a user.
When the sun exists, the system is supplied with power by solar power generation, and when the solar power generation is not enough for the heat supply pump system to operate, the power grid supplies the residual power; meanwhile, in the night off-peak electricity time period, the system can utilize the low-price off-peak electricity for cold storage in the night, so that the operation cost is further reduced.
The solar phase-change cold-storage air-conditioning system and the control method have the beneficial effects that:
has better energy-saving benefits: free solar photovoltaic resources are utilized in the peak electricity period in the daytime, low-cost valley electricity is utilized in the night, operation energy consumption is greatly saved, in addition, the application of the phase change energy storage technology can adjust the heat flux density at a constant temperature, and the effective energy utilization rate is improved;
the pollution to the environment is reduced: compared with the traditional heating mode, the heating device reduces the emission of harmful gas, can realize zero pollution and zero emission, and has higher environmental protection significance.
Solar photovoltaic power generation supplement is carried out at the peak power time in the daytime, valley electricity is utilized for cold storage as much as possible at night, and unbalance of a power grid is greatly relieved;
the cold accumulation problem can be solved by adopting a conventional air-conditioning refrigerating unit.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A solar phase change cold accumulation air conditioning system is characterized by comprising: a solar photovoltaic power generation grid-connected unit, a heat pump refrigerating unit, a phase change cold accumulation temperature adjusting unit and an air conditioner tail end,
the solar photovoltaic power generation grid-connected unit drives the heat pump refrigerating unit, cold energy is generated by running the heat pump refrigerating unit, constant temperature adjustment is carried out by taking water as a refrigerant through the phase change cold accumulation temperature adjusting unit, and the cold energy is continuously and stably provided for the tail end of the air conditioner.
2. The solar phase-change cold-storage air-conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar photovoltaic power generation grid-connected unit comprises a municipal power grid, a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter,
the photovoltaic module is connected with the input end of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, the output end of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is connected with the heat pump refrigerating unit, and the photovoltaic module converts the generated direct current into alternating current through the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and then the alternating current is merged into a municipal power grid for grid-connected power generation.
3. The solar phase-change cold-storage air-conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat pump refrigerating unit comprises a compressor, a throttle valve, an air-cooled condenser and a water-cooled evaporator,
and the refrigerant side outlet of the air-cooled condenser is connected with the refrigerant side inlet of the water-cooled evaporator through a throttle valve.
4. The solar phase-change cold-storage air-conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the phase-change cold-storage temperature-adjusting unit comprises a circulating water pump, a phase-change cold-storage tank, a first electric valve and a second electric valve, a water system is formed by the water side of the water-cooling evaporator, the circulating water pump, the phase-change cold-storage tank and the air-conditioning terminal, and the second electric valve is arranged on a pipeline between the circulating water pump and the phase-change cold-storage tank and a pipeline between the first electric valve and the air-conditioning terminal.
5. The solar phase-change cold-storage air-conditioning system according to claim 4, wherein the coolant-side outlet of the water-cooled evaporator is connected with the coolant inlet of the phase-change cold-storage tank, the outlet of the phase-change cold-storage agent supplies cold to the tail end of the air conditioner, the load side of the water-cooled evaporator is connected with a circulating water pump, and the coolant enters the phase-change cold-storage tank to adjust the temperature and then enters the tail end of the air conditioner to discharge the cold under the driving of the circulating water pump, wherein the coolant is antifreeze.
6. The solar phase-change cold-storage air-conditioning system according to claim 4, wherein the phase-change cold-storage tank comprises a heat preservation box body and a cold-storage ball positioned inside the heat preservation box body, the cold-storage ball is a HDPE (high-density polyethylene) plastic hollow ball, a cold-storage phase-change material is arranged inside the cold-storage ball, and the cold-storage phase-change material is a 6 ℃ cold-storage phase-change material.
7. The solar phase change cold storage air conditioning system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mass percentages of the components of the 6 ℃ cold storage phase change material are as follows: 30-50% of sodium hydroxide, 0-10% of sodium chloride and 40-60% of water.
8. The solar phase change cold storage air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the latent heat of phase change of the 6 ℃ cold storage phase change material is 240-260 KJ/kg, and the density is 1.45-1.55 kg/l.
9. A control method of a solar phase change cold accumulation air conditioning system is characterized in that the solar phase change cold accumulation air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is adopted, and comprises four operating conditions:
a. and (3) storing and supplying working conditions: closing the first electrically operated valve, opening the second electrically operated valve:
the working condition is that the working condition occurs in a solar power generation period in daytime and a valley power period in night, the refrigerating capacity of the heat pump refrigerating unit is greater than the cold load required by the tail end of the air conditioner, the temperature of the secondary refrigerant is continuously reduced at the moment, when the temperature of the secondary refrigerant is less than 6 ℃, the cold accumulation balls absorb part of cold energy for cold accumulation, and the refrigerating capacity of the rest heat pump refrigerating unit is used for the tail end of the air conditioner for cold discharge;
b. the heat pump cold accumulation co-supply working condition is as follows: closing the first electrically operated valve, opening the second electrically operated valve:
when the temperature of the secondary refrigerant is higher than the phase-change temperature by 6 ℃, the outlet temperature T0 of the phase-change cold storage tank is between 6 ℃ and 9 ℃, and the heat pump refrigeration and the phase-change cold storage are combined to supply cold to the tail end of the air conditioner;
c. pure storage working condition: closing the second electrically operated valve, opening the first electrically operated valve:
the working condition is that the working condition is in the solar power generation period in the daytime and the off-peak period at night, the refrigeration load is not needed at the tail end of the air conditioner, the refrigeration of the heat pump refrigerating unit is purely used for storing cold to the phase change cold storage tank, the outlet temperature T0 of the phase change cold storage tank is less than 6 ℃, the tail end of the air conditioner does not need cold supply, and when the temperature T0 is less than-1 ℃, the phase change cold storage tank is full;
d. storage and supply working conditions: closing the first electrically operated valve, opening the second electrically operated valve:
the working condition is in the non-solar power generation period and the off-peak power period, the heat pump refrigerating unit stops refrigerating at the time, the outlet temperature T0 of the phase change cold accumulation tank is between 6 ℃ and 9 ℃, and the phase change cold accumulation tank supplies cold to the tail end of the air conditioner independently.
10. The control method of the solar phase-change cold-storage air-conditioning system according to claim 9, characterized in that four operating conditions are distinguished and controlled at different time intervals by the phase-change cold-storage tank outlet temperature T0:
the solar power generation operation time interval in daytime is 8:00-17: 00: the working condition of simultaneous storage and simultaneous supply or the working condition of heat pump cold accumulation combined supply is as follows:
when the outlet temperature T0 of the phase-change cold accumulation tank is less than or equal to 6 ℃, indicating a side accumulation and side supply working condition; when the temperature is 6 ℃ and T0 is 9 ℃, the working condition of heat pump cold accumulation combined supply is shown; when the tail end of the air conditioner does not need cooling capacity, the operation working condition is converted into a pure storage working condition;
peak power operation period 17:00-22: 00: at the moment, the working condition is the accumulation and supply working condition or the heat pump cold accumulation combined supply working condition, the outlet temperature T0 of the phase change cold accumulation tank is 6 ℃ to less than T0 to less than 9 ℃, and the accumulation and supply working condition is adopted at the moment as much as possible;
valley electricity operation time period 22:00-6: 00: the working condition of simultaneous storage and simultaneous supply or the working condition of heat pump cold accumulation and combined supply is adopted, the working condition of simultaneous storage and simultaneous supply is adopted when the outlet temperature T0 of the phase change cold accumulation tank is less than or equal to 6 ℃, and the working condition of heat pump cold accumulation and combined supply is adopted when the temperature T0 is less than 6 ℃; when the tail end of the air conditioner does not need cooling capacity, the operation working condition is converted into a pure storage working condition;
the period of flat operation is 17:00-22: 00: at the moment, the working condition is accumulation working condition or heat pump cold accumulation combined supply working condition, the outlet temperature T0 of the phase change cold accumulation tank is 6 ℃ less than T0 less than 9 ℃, and the accumulation working condition is adopted as much as possible in the period.
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