CN112542602B - SOFC cogeneration system with adjustable thermoelectric ratio and regulation and control method thereof - Google Patents

SOFC cogeneration system with adjustable thermoelectric ratio and regulation and control method thereof Download PDF

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CN112542602B
CN112542602B CN202011532358.0A CN202011532358A CN112542602B CN 112542602 B CN112542602 B CN 112542602B CN 202011532358 A CN202011532358 A CN 202011532358A CN 112542602 B CN112542602 B CN 112542602B
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valve
preheater
fuel cell
solid oxide
water
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CN112542602A (en
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朱禹
梅书雪
岳利可
路晓瑞
王世学
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Tianjin University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04708—Temperature of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat-power ratio adjustable SOFC cogeneration system, which comprises a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, a waste heat recovery heat exchanger, a hot water type absorption heat pump and a flue gas regulating device, wherein the waste heat recovery heat exchanger is connected with the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system; the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system comprises a solid oxide fuel cell, an air preheater, a fuel preheater and a water preheater; the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system is used for carrying out electrochemical reaction and incomplete reaction gas combustion, outputting electric energy to the outside and generating high-temperature flue gas; the flue gas flow control system is used for adjusting the sequence of high-temperature flue gas generated by the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system flowing through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger, the air preheater, the fuel preheater and the water preheater, so as to change the ratio of the generated energy of the solid oxide fuel cell to the heat supply of the hot water type absorption heat pump. The invention fully utilizes the high-temperature waste gas of the fuel cell on the basis of waste heat cascade utilization, and realizes the partial adjustability of the heat-electricity ratio of the energy supply end.

Description

SOFC cogeneration system with adjustable thermoelectric ratio and regulation and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cogeneration system in the application field of energy technology, in particular to a thermoelectric ratio adjustable solid oxide fuel cell cogeneration system and a regulating method thereof.
Background
The solid oxide fuel cell (solid oxide fuel cell, abbreviated as SOFC) is a new generation fuel cell, can convert chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electric energy at high temperature (500-1000 ℃), has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, wide fuel selection range, high waste heat temperature, modularized structure, flexible installation and the like, and is considered to be the best prime mover selection of a future cogeneration system.
The high exhaust temperatures of solid oxide cell power generation systems, if discharged directly to the environment, can result in significant energy losses, resulting in low thermal utilization of the system. In order to fully utilize the high-temperature exhaust of the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, the high-temperature exhaust and the absorption heat pump form a cogeneration system, so that the system efficiency is greatly improved. However, a part of heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas of the solid oxide fuel cell is used for heating air and fuel required for self operation, and the other part is used for driving the absorption heat pump, so that the thermoelectric output coupling of the thermoelectric cogeneration system driven by the solid oxide fuel cell is extremely strong, and the output thermoelectric ratio is fixed. The existing solid oxide fuel cell cogeneration system preheats air, fuel and water by high-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the post combustion chamber, and then supplies heat as a heat source of the absorption heat pump, so that only energy output of one thermoelectric ratio can be realized, and the matching property of the thermoelectric ratio of the cogeneration system and the thermoelectric ratio at the demand side is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the SOFC cogeneration system with the adjustable thermoelectric ratio and the regulating and controlling method thereof, which realize the partial adjustment of the ratio of the generated energy of the solid oxide fuel cell to the heat supply of the absorption heat pump, effectively utilize the heat generated by the solid oxide fuel cell and improve the flexibility of the system.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an SOFC cogeneration system with adjustable thermoelectric ratio, which comprises a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, a waste heat recovery heat exchanger, a hot water type absorption heat pump and a flue gas regulating device; the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system comprises a solid oxide fuel cell, an air compressor, a fuel compressor, a water pump, an air preheater, a fuel preheater, a water preheater, a mixer and a post combustion chamber; the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system is used for carrying out electrochemical reaction and incomplete reaction gas combustion, outputting electric energy to the outside and generating high-temperature flue gas; the flue gas flow control system is used for adjusting the sequence of high-temperature flue gas generated by the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system flowing through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger, the air preheater, the fuel preheater and the water preheater; and high-temperature flue gas generated by the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system enters the waste heat recovery heat exchanger to generate high-temperature circulating water, and the high-temperature circulating water is used for driving the hot water type absorption heat pump to heat the backwater of the heat supply network, so that heat supply for users in the heat supply network is realized.
In the SOFC cogeneration system with the adjustable thermoelectric ratio, air is compressed by the air compressor and then flows through the air preheater to be preheated, and the preheated high-temperature air enters the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell; after being compressed by the fuel compressor, the fuel is preheated by the fuel preheater; after being pressurized by a water pump, the water is preheated by a water preheater; the fuel and water after pressurized and preheated are fully mixed in the mixer and then are introduced into the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell; air entering the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell and anode inlet air are subjected to electrochemical reaction in the solid oxide fuel cell, and then electric energy is output; the cathode exhaust and the anode exhaust of the solid oxide fuel cell form high temperature flue gas after being combusted in the post combustor.
The hot water type absorption heat pump comprises a generator, a condenser, an evaporator, an absorber, a solution pump, a pressure reducing valve and a throttle valve, wherein solution in the generator is heated by high-temperature circulating water in the waste heat recovery heat exchanger and then is divided into two paths, one path is: the concentrated solution enters the absorber through an expansion valve, and the other path is as follows: the solvent water is evaporated and then enters the condenser to be condensed, the generated condensed water enters the evaporator to be evaporated through the throttle valve, then enters the absorber to be mixed with the concentrated solution in the evaporator, and then is pumped to the generator through the solution pump, so that a circulation process is completed; meanwhile, the return water of the heat supply network sequentially flows through the absorber and the condenser of the hot water type absorption heat pump, so that the primary temperature rise and the secondary temperature rise of the water of the heat supply network are respectively realized.
The flue gas regulating device comprises twelve valves and connecting pipelines; the twelve valves are respectively: the first valve, the second valve and the ninth valve are arranged in the outlet flue of the rear combustion chamber; the third valve, the fourth valve and the tenth valve are arranged in the outlet flue of the air preheater; the fifth valve, the sixth valve and the eleventh valve are arranged in the outlet flue of the fuel preheater; and the seventh valve, the eighth valve and the twelfth valve are arranged on the valve outlet flue of the water preheater.
Meanwhile, the invention provides a regulating and controlling method for realizing the adjustable thermoelectric ratio by utilizing the SOFC cogeneration system, which comprises the steps of supplying high-temperature flue gas formed by the back combustion chamber to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger, the air preheater, the fuel preheater and the water preheater through an outlet flue, and controlling the sequence of the high-temperature flue gas entering the waste heat recovery heat exchanger, the air preheater, the fuel preheater and the water preheater by controlling the opening and closing of twelve valves through the flue gas regulating and controlling device, so that the thermoelectric ratio of the whole SOFC cogeneration system is regulated.
Furthermore, the thermoelectric ratio adjustable regulation and control method can realize the selection of thermoelectric ratio in 1.2,1.77,1.8 and 4.4:
when the thermoelectric ratio is 4.4, for twelve valves, the first valve, the second valve, the tenth valve, the eleventh valve and the twelfth valve are opened, and the rest valves are closed, so that the high-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the rear combustion chamber flows through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger first and then flows through the air preheater, the fuel preheater and the water preheater in sequence.
When the thermoelectric ratio is 1.8, for twelve valves, a ninth valve, a third valve, a fourth valve, an eleventh valve and a twelfth valve are opened, and the rest valves are closed, so that the high-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the rear combustion chamber flows through the air preheater first, and then flows through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger, the fuel preheater and the water preheater in sequence.
When the thermoelectric ratio is 1.77, for twelve valves, a ninth valve, a tenth valve, a fifth valve, a sixth valve and a twelfth valve are opened, and the rest valves are closed, so that the high-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the post combustion chamber flows through the air preheater and the fuel preheater in sequence, then flows through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger and finally flows through the water preheater.
When the thermoelectric ratio is 1.2, for twelve valves, a ninth valve, a tenth valve, an eleventh valve, a seventh valve and an eighth valve are opened, and the rest valves are closed, so that the high-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the rear combustion chamber flows through an air preheater, a fuel preheater and a water preheater in sequence, and finally flows through a waste heat recovery heat exchanger.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cogeneration system uses natural gas as fuel, has reliable operation, can regulate and control the thermoelectric ratio of the functional end according to the thermoelectric requirement of the energy utilization end, and realizes the saving and efficient utilization of energy. Meanwhile, the regulating and controlling device is simple, easy to operate and control, and the difficulty of regulating and controlling the system is greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the SOFC cogeneration system of the invention.
In the figure:
c1-air compressor C2-fuel compressor P1-water pump
HE 1-air preheater HE 2-fuel preheater HE 3-water preheater
M-blender AB-post combustion chamber HE 4-waste heat recovery heat exchanger
G-generator A-absorber V-evaporator
C-condenser P2-solution pump PRV-expansion valve
TV-throttle valve V1-first valve V2-second valve
V3-third valve V4-fourth valve V5-fifth valve
V6-sixth valve V7-seventh valve V8-eighth valve
V9-ninth valve V10-tenth valve V11-eleventh valve
V12-twelfth valve 1-cathode intake 2-anode intake
3-cathode exhaust 4-anode exhaust 5-high temperature flue gas
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first," second, "" third, "… …," and "twelfth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Unless specifically defined and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected or detachably connected, as will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, in view of the detailed description of the invention.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are in no way limiting.
As shown in fig. 1, the SOFC cogeneration system with the adjustable thermoelectric ratio provided by the invention comprises a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, a waste heat recovery heat exchanger, a hot water type absorption heat pump and a flue gas regulating device.
The solid oxide fuel cell power generation system comprises a solid oxide fuel cell SOFC, an air compressor C1, a fuel compressor C2, a water pump P1, an air preheater HE1, a fuel preheater HE2, a water preheater HE3, a mixer M and a post combustion chamber AB; the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system is used for carrying out electrochemical reaction and incomplete reaction gas combustion, outputting electric energy to the outside and generating high-temperature flue gas; the flue gas flow control system is used for adjusting the sequence of high-temperature flue gas generated by the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system flowing through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger HE4, the air preheater HE1, the fuel preheater HE2 and the water preheater HE 3; and high-temperature flue gas generated by the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system enters the waste heat recovery heat exchanger to generate high-temperature circulating water, and the high-temperature circulating water is used for driving the hot water type absorption heat pump to heat the backwater of the heat supply network, so that heat supply for users in the heat supply network is realized.
In the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, air is compressed by the air compressor C1 and then flows through the air preheater HE1 to be preheated, and the preheated high-temperature air enters the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell SOFC; after being compressed by the fuel compressor C2, the fuel is preheated by the fuel preheater HE 2; after being pressurized by a water pump P1, the water is preheated by a water preheater HE 3; fully mixing the fuel and water after pressurized and preheated in the mixer M, and then introducing the mixture into the anode of the SOFC; air (namely cathode inlet air) 1 and anode inlet air 2 entering the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell are subjected to electrochemical reaction in the solid oxide fuel cell SOFC, and then electric energy is output; the cathode exhaust 3 and the anode exhaust 4 of the solid oxide fuel cell SOFC form a high temperature flue gas 5 after combustion in the post combustion chamber AB.
The hot water type absorption heat pump comprises a generator G, a condenser C, an evaporator V, an absorber A, a solution pump P2, a pressure reducing valve PRV and a throttle valve TV, wherein the solution in the generator G is heated by high-temperature circulating water in the waste heat recovery heat exchanger and then is divided into two paths, one path is: the concentrated solution enters the absorber A through an expansion valve PRV, and the other path is that: the solvent water is evaporated and then enters the condenser C for condensation, the produced condensed water enters the evaporator V for evaporation through the throttle valve TV, then enters the absorber A for mixing with the concentrated solution in the evaporator A, and then is sent to the generator G through the solution pump P2, so that a circulation process is completed; meanwhile, the return water of the heat supply network sequentially flows through an absorber A and a condenser C of the hot water type absorption heat pump, so that the primary temperature rise and the secondary temperature rise of the water of the heat supply network are respectively realized.
The flue gas regulating device comprises twelve valves and connecting pipelines; the twelve valves are respectively: the first valve V1, the second valve V2 and the ninth valve V9 are arranged in the outlet flue of the rear combustion chamber AB; the third valve V3, the fourth valve V4 and the tenth valve V10 are arranged in the outlet flue of the air preheater HE 1; a fifth valve V5, a sixth valve V6 and an eleventh valve V11 which are arranged in the flue at the outlet of the fuel preheater HE 2; and a seventh valve V7, an eighth valve V8 and a twelfth valve V12 of the valves arranged on the flue at the outlet of the water preheater HE 3.
The method for realizing the adjustable regulation and control of the thermoelectric ratio by utilizing the SOFC cogeneration system comprises the steps of supplying high-temperature flue gas 5 formed by the back combustion chamber AB to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger HE4, the air preheater HE1, the fuel preheater HE2 and the water preheater HE3 through an outlet flue, and controlling the sequence of the high-temperature flue gas 5 entering the waste heat recovery heat exchanger HE4, the air preheater HE1, the fuel preheater HE2 and the water preheater HE3 by controlling the opening and closing of twelve valves through the flue gas regulating and controlling device, so that the thermoelectric ratio of the whole SOFC cogeneration system is regulated. The thermoelectric ratio which can be realized by the regulating method of the SOFC cogeneration system with adjustable thermoelectric ratio can be selected from 1.2,1.77,1.8 and 4.4.
When the thermoelectric ratio is 4.4, for twelve valves, the first valve V1, the second valve V2, the tenth valve V10, the eleventh valve V11 and the twelfth valve V12 are opened, and the rest valves are closed, so that the high-temperature flue gas 5 at the outlet of the post combustion chamber AB flows through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger HE4 first, and then flows through the air preheater HE1, the fuel preheater HE2 and the water preheater HE3 in sequence, so that the thermoelectric output ratio of the SOFC cogeneration system is 4.4.
When the thermoelectric ratio is 1.8, for twelve valves, a ninth valve V9, a third valve V3, a fourth valve V14, an eleventh valve V11 and a twelfth valve V12 are opened, and the rest valves are closed, so that the high-temperature flue gas 5 at the outlet of the post combustion chamber AB flows through the air preheater HE1 first, then flows through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger HE4, the fuel preheater HE2 and the water preheater HE3 in sequence, and the thermoelectric output ratio of the SOFC cogeneration system is 1.8.
When the thermoelectric ratio is 1.77, for twelve valves, a ninth valve V9, a tenth valve V10, a fifth valve V5, a sixth valve V6 and a twelfth valve V12 are opened, and the rest valves are closed, so that the high-temperature flue gas 5 at the outlet of the post combustion chamber AB flows through an air preheater HE1 and a fuel preheater HE2 in sequence, then flows through a waste heat recovery heat exchanger HE4 and finally flows through a water preheater HE3, and the thermoelectric output ratio of the SOFC cogeneration system is 1.77.
When the thermoelectric ratio is 1.2, for twelve valves, a ninth valve V9, a tenth valve V10, an eleventh valve V11, a seventh valve V7 and an eighth valve V8 are opened, and the rest valves are closed, so that the high-temperature flue gas 5 at the outlet of the post combustion chamber AB flows through an air preheater HE1, a fuel preheater HE2 and a water preheater HE3 in sequence, and finally flows through a waste heat recovery heat exchanger HE4, so that the thermoelectric output ratio of the SOFC cogeneration system is 1.2.
Although the invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many modifications may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which fall within the protection of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. The method for regulating and controlling the SOFC cogeneration system with the adjustable thermoelectric ratio is characterized in that the SOFC cogeneration system comprises a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, a waste heat recovery heat exchanger, a hot water type absorption heat pump and a flue gas regulating and controlling device;
the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system comprises a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), an air compressor (C1), a fuel compressor (C2), a water pump (P1), an air preheater (HE 1), a fuel preheater (HE 2), a water preheater (HE 3), a mixer (M) and a post combustor (AB); the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system is used for carrying out electrochemical reaction and incomplete reaction gas combustion, outputting electric energy to the outside and generating high-temperature flue gas;
the flue gas regulating device is used for regulating the sequence of high-temperature flue gas generated by the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system flowing through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger (HE 4), the air preheater (HE 1), the fuel preheater (HE 2) and the water preheater (HE 3); the high-temperature flue gas generated by the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system enters the waste heat recovery heat exchanger to generate high-temperature circulating water, and the high-temperature circulating water is used for driving the hot water type absorption heat pump to heat the backwater of the heat supply network, so that heat supply for users in the heat supply network is realized;
in the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, air is compressed by the air compressor (C1), then flows through an air preheater (HE 1) for preheating, and the preheated high-temperature air enters a cathode of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC); after being compressed by the fuel compressor (C2), the fuel is preheated by the fuel preheater (HE 2); after being pressurized by a water pump (P1), the water is preheated by a water preheater (HE 3); fully mixing the fuel and water after pressurized and preheated in the mixer (M), and then introducing the mixture into an anode of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC); the air (1) entering the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell and the anode inlet air (2) generate electrochemical reaction in the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and then output electric energy; the cathode exhaust (3) and the anode exhaust (4) of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) form high-temperature flue gas (5) after being combusted in the post combustion chamber (AB);
the hot water type absorption heat pump comprises a generator (G), a condenser (C), an evaporator (V), an absorber (A), a solution pump (P2), a pressure reducing valve and a Throttle Valve (TV), wherein the solution in the generator (G) is heated by high-temperature circulating water in the waste heat recovery heat exchanger and then is divided into two paths, one path is: the concentrated solution enters the absorber (a) through an expansion valve (PRV), the other way is: the solvent water is evaporated and then enters the condenser (C) to be condensed, the produced condensed water enters the evaporator (V) to be evaporated through the Throttle Valve (TV), then enters the absorber (A) to be mixed with the concentrated solution in the evaporator, and then is sent to the generator (G) through the solution pump (P2), so that a circulation process is completed; meanwhile, the return water of the heat supply network sequentially flows through an absorber (A) and a condenser (C) of the hot water type absorption heat pump, so that the primary temperature rise and the secondary temperature rise of the water of the heat supply network are respectively realized;
the flue gas regulating device comprises twelve valves and connecting pipelines; the twelve valves are respectively: the first valve (V1), the second valve (V2) and the ninth valve (V9) are arranged at an outlet flue of the rear combustion chamber (AB); the third valve (V3), the fourth valve (V4) and the tenth valve (V10) are arranged in the outlet flue of the air preheater (HE 1); a fifth valve (V5), a sixth valve (V6) and an eleventh valve (V11) disposed in the outlet flue of the fuel preheater (HE 2); a seventh valve (V7), an eighth valve (V8) and a twelfth valve (V12) which are arranged at the outlet flue of the water preheater (HE 3);
the SOFC cogeneration system is utilized to supply high-temperature flue gas (5) formed by the post combustion chamber (AB) to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger (HE 4), the air preheater (HE 1), the fuel preheater (HE 2) and the water preheater (HE 3) through an outlet flue, and the flue gas regulating device controls the sequence of the high-temperature flue gas (5) entering the waste heat recovery heat exchanger (HE 4), the air preheater (HE 1), the fuel preheater (HE 2) and the water preheater (HE 3) by controlling the opening and closing of twelve valves, so that the thermoelectric ratio of the whole SOFC cogeneration system is regulated;
for twelve valves, the first valve (V1), the second valve (V2), the tenth valve (V10), the eleventh valve (V11) and the twelfth valve (V12) are opened, and the rest valves are closed, so that the high-temperature flue gas (5) at the outlet of the rear combustion chamber (AB) flows through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger (HE 4) first, and then flows through the air preheater (HE 1), the fuel preheater (HE 2) and the water preheater (HE 3) in sequence, so that the thermoelectric output ratio of the SOFC cogeneration system is 4.4.
2. The method for regulating and controlling the heat-power ratio-adjustable SOFC cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein for twelve valves, a ninth valve (V9), a third valve (V3), a fourth valve (V14), an eleventh valve (V11) and a twelfth valve (V12) are opened, and the rest valves are closed, so that high-temperature flue gas (5) at the outlet of the post combustion chamber (AB) flows through an air preheater (HE 1) first, and then flows through a waste heat recovery heat exchanger (HE 4), a fuel preheater (HE 2) and a water preheater (HE 3) in sequence, so that the heat-power output ratio of the SOFC cogeneration system is 1.8.
3. The method for regulating and controlling the heat-power ratio-adjustable SOFC cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein for twelve valves, a ninth valve (V9), a tenth valve (V10), a fifth valve (V5), a sixth valve (V6) and a twelfth valve (V12) are opened, and the rest valves are closed, so that high-temperature flue gas (5) at the outlet of the post combustion chamber (AB) flows through an air preheater (HE 1) and a fuel preheater (HE 2) in sequence, flows through a waste heat recovery heat exchanger (HE 4) and finally flows through a water preheater (HE 3), so that the heat-power output ratio of the SOFC cogeneration system is 1.77.
4. The method for regulating and controlling the heat-power ratio-adjustable SOFC cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein for twelve valves, a ninth valve (V9), a tenth valve (V10), an eleventh valve (V11), a seventh valve (V7) and an eighth valve (V8) are opened, and the rest valves are closed, so that the high-temperature flue gas (5) at the outlet of the post combustion chamber (AB) flows through an air preheater (HE 1), a fuel preheater (HE 2) and a water preheater (HE 3) in sequence, and finally flows through a waste heat recovery heat exchanger (HE 4) so that the heat-power output ratio of the SOFC cogeneration system is 1.2.
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