CN114993127A - Construction method for improving blasting block diameter in heterogeneous soft rock geology - Google Patents
Construction method for improving blasting block diameter in heterogeneous soft rock geology Download PDFInfo
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- CN114993127A CN114993127A CN202210771847.4A CN202210771847A CN114993127A CN 114993127 A CN114993127 A CN 114993127A CN 202210771847 A CN202210771847 A CN 202210771847A CN 114993127 A CN114993127 A CN 114993127A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009328 Amaranthus caudatus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001592 Amaranthus caudatus Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012735 amaranth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004178 amaranth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
A construction method for improving the diameter of a blasting block in heterogeneous soft rock geology comprises the following steps: s1, measuring; s2, arranging holes; s3, drilling; s4, charging and connecting; s5, clearing the yard and evacuating; s6, blasting; s7, safety confirmation; s8, building a construction access road; s9, deslagging and charging; the invention utilizes the gas generated by blasting to make the original fracture penetrate to form a rock mass, reduces the free face rock chipping and rock breaking caused by the radial compression and the reflection of the shock wave as much as possible, reduces the rock breaking probability of the blasting stress wave and the mutual collision action of the rock masses, thereby realizing that a soft rock geological stock ground forms a certain block-shaped blasting material after blasting, reduces the damage of the blasting shock wave as much as possible, does not need to screen dam materials any more after the blasting method is adopted under the heterogeneous soft rock geological condition, reduces the occupation and consumption of turnover materials, and can directly carry out dam filling construction by the blasting material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering construction, and particularly relates to a construction method for improving the diameter of a blasting block in heterogeneous soft rock geology.
Background
A face plate rock-fill dam in hydraulic engineering is a common hydraulic building, and under the condition that a dam is filled with soft rock materials, an important drainage structure, namely a drainage body, is arranged in front of the dam, so that an important channel for reducing a dam body infiltration line and draining water seepage in the dam body is formed. The drainage body material requires the exploitation of medium hard stone with a certain lumpiness. Aiming at the amaranth feldspar quartz sandstone material field, the mixture of strips such as mudstone and the like has uneven material source distribution, the rock mass is mostly in a shape of a interbedded layer to a medium-thick layer, cracks develop and the integrity is poor. In addition, the phenomena of dissolution and loss of calcium in different degrees commonly exist in the sandstone, and partial rocks are saturated and have low unconfined compressive strength. The method adopts the conventional common blasting technologies of deep hole multiple rows, hole-to-hole micro-difference and the like, when the rock is blasted, the rock is decomposed into single stones along the original cracks under the explosive blasting action, in the decomposition process, the decomposed stones are mutually extruded and collided during the blasting of front and back rows of holes, so that the stones are decomposed into stones which are all changed into fine materials, the block diameter cannot meet the filling grading requirement of the dam drainage body material, the secondary screening cost is high, the blasting unit consumption is high, the blasting design is that the rock is broken as much as possible (the main function of blasting), the multiple rows of hole micro-difference blasting is adopted, the secondary crushing is performed by fully utilizing the collision between the blasted rocks when the blasted rocks do not fall down, the fine particle material is formed, and the filling requirement of the drainage body material is not met, and therefore, the method for improving the block diameter of the blasted materials under the geological condition of the homogenized soft rock is invented.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a construction method for improving the diameter of a blasting block in heterogeneous soft rock geology, which has the advantages of low unit consumption of explosive, simple operation, cost saving, no need of secondary processing, capability of reducing the explosive broken rock as much as possible, reducing the secondary extrusion breakage of the rock after blasting and ensuring the yield of the blasting material.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a construction method for improving the diameter of a blasting block in heterogeneous soft rock geology comprises the following steps:
s1, measurement lofting: lofting in a selected blasting test area, carrying out topographic survey by a surveyor, and paying off according to the trend with the tunnel face, wherein a resistance line w is 0.6H, and H is the height of the tunnel face;
s2, arranging holes: according to a blast hole arrangement diagram, adopting a southern GPS or a total station to measure and place hole positions and drilling direction control points, and marking the hole positions and the drilling direction control points by lime to form a plurality of blast points with the same hole distance a, wherein connecting lines of the blast points are on a straight line and are parallel to the direction of a tunnel face;
s3, drilling: drilling according to the depth, the inclination angle and the direction of the blast hole, and accurately drilling the blast hole, wherein the inclination angle alpha of the drilling is consistent with the inclination angle beta of the face, namely the drilling direction is vertical to the normal direction of the face;
s4, charging and connecting: before charging, taking away the hole plug to carry out hole depth inspection, wherein rock powder, rock blocks and the like around the hole are required to be prevented from falling into the hole, otherwise, hole cleaning or hole sweeping treatment is carried out before charging; and designing explosives and blasting detonators at the orifice part of each hole according to a plan. Charging is carried out by a blasting operator when charging is started, and the leg wire of the detonating primer is protected during charging;
s5, clearing the yard and evacuating: the field safety personnel inform the personnel, equipment and the like in the warning area to evacuate from the field 30 minutes before blasting;
s6, blasting: after the evacuation is confirmed, a millisecond differential detonator detonation method is adopted for detonation on time;
s7, safety confirmation: after blasting is finished, the blaster enters a blasting area for safety check, and the alarm is removed after the phenomena of no duds, misfire and the like are confirmed; if the phenomenon exists, timely processing;
s8, building construction roads: after blasting is finished and warning is removed, connecting a blasting area adjacent to a ballast transportation road on blasting ballast;
s9, excavating, deslagging and charging: the self-dumping truck is pulled and transported by adopting a backward method, a backhoe and a dump truck.
In the step S3, the pumice on the rock surface is flushed in the whole process, the rock is slowly impacted without pressurizing by small wind pressure, the hole is drilled into the rock with the depth of 0.5m, the drilling direction is checked, then the rock is slowly beaten by half wind pressure, and the weathered crushed rock is slowly beaten by small wind quantity and small pressure.
The method for charging in step S4 of the present invention employs coupled charging.
In step S6, the differential blasting time between holes is greater than 100 ms.
In step S2, the hole diameter is 120mm, the hole depth is 9.6m, the hole distance a is 4.5m, the resistance line is 5m, the hole sealing length is 4m, and the unit consumption is 0.25kg/m 3 The single-hole explosive quantity is 50kg, and the hole differential blasting time is 150 ms.
In step S2, the hole diameter is 120mm, the hole depth is 9.6m, the hole distance a is 6m, the resistance line is 4m, the hole sealing length is 4m, and the unit consumption is 0.23kg/m 3 The single-hole explosive quantity is 50kg, and the hole differential blasting time is 150 ms.
In the step S4, MS 15-stage millisecond detonator is adopted in the hole, and MS 6-stage millisecond detonator is adopted outside the hole.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in traditional stock ground stone exploitation, high-pressure gas generated in the moment of explosive explosion is utilized to work outwards, and along with the interaction of explosive stress waves, rock is crushed, and the explosion utilizes the combined action of explosive shock waves and explosive detonating gas to complete rock crushing. The gas generated in the moment of explosion is ensured to crack the original cracks of the rock, and meanwhile, the probability of rock breaking by the explosion stress wave and the mutual collision effect of rock blocks are reduced, so that a certain block-shaped explosive material is formed in the soft rock geological stock ground after explosion, and the damage of the explosion shock wave is reduced as far as possible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a diagram of the arrangement of blastholes of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
In fig. 1 and 2, the construction method for improving the blasting block diameter in heterogeneous soft rock geology comprises the following steps:
s1, measurement lofting: lofting the selected blasting test area, carrying out topographic survey by a surveyor, paying off according to the trend of the surveyor and the tunnel face, wherein a resistance line w is 0.6H, H is the height of the tunnel face, in the embodiment, H is 8.5m, taking 5m as the resistance line, and lofting to measure a control point required by the test;
s2, hole distribution: according to a blast hole arrangement diagram, adopting a southern GPS or a total station to measure and place hole positions and drilling direction control points, and marking the hole positions and the drilling direction control points by lime to form a plurality of blast points with the same hole distance a, wherein connecting lines of the blast points are on a straight line and are parallel to the direction of a tunnel face; the embodiment adopts single row hole blasting.
S3, drilling: drilling holes according to the depth, the inclination angle and the direction of the blast hole, and accurately drilling the blast hole, wherein the inclination angle alpha of the drilling hole is consistent with the inclination angle beta of the face, namely the drilling direction is vertical to the normal direction of the face, the error in the actual operation is less than 1 degree, and the drilling depth is the sum of the actually measured face height H and the ultra-depth 1 m; before drilling, the drilling trend is released by using a hanging device and a protractor, the drilling can be started until the drilling requirement is met, checking is carried out in the drilling process, the hole depth is calculated according to the length of 3m of a single drill rod, and the drilling is stopped when 3 drill rods enter the hole. The whole process is firstly to flush the pumice on the rock surface, the small wind pressure is not pressurized, the rock is slowly impacted, the hole is opened, the depth is 0.5m, the drilling direction is checked, then the rock is slowly hit under the half wind pressure, and the weathered and crushed rock is slowly hit under the small wind quantity and the small pressure.
S4, charging and connecting: before charging, opening the hole plug to perform hole depth inspection, wherein rock powder, rock blocks and the like around the hole are prevented from falling into the hole, otherwise, hole cleaning or hole sweeping is performed before charging; and designing explosives and blasting detonators at the orifice part of each hole according to a plan. Charging is carried out by a blasting operator when charging is started, and the leg wire of the detonating primer is protected during charging; after the explosive is filled in the hole, stemming is used for blocking the hole opening, the blocking depth is not less than 4m, the connection is carried out according to the designed line, and the coupled explosive filling is adopted in the explosive filling mode, so that the construction cost is reduced, and the utilization coefficient of the blast hole is improved. MS 15-section millisecond detonating tube detonators are adopted in the holes, and MS 6-section millisecond detonating tube detonators are adopted outside the holes.
S5, clearing the yard and evacuating: the field safety personnel inform the personnel, equipment and the like in the warning area to evacuate from the field 30 minutes before blasting;
s6, blasting: after the evacuation is confirmed, the detonation is carried out on time by adopting a millisecond differential detonator detonation method, and the inter-hole differential blasting time is more than 100ms, so that the aims of reducing mutual collision of stones and rocks after blasting and reducing rock breakage are fulfilled.
S7, safety confirmation: after blasting is finished, the blaster enters a blasting area for safety check, and the alarm is removed after the phenomena of no duds, misfire and the like are confirmed; if the phenomenon is found to exist, the treatment is carried out in time;
s8, building a construction access road: after blasting is finished and warning is removed, connecting a blasting area adjacent to a ballast transportation road on blasting ballast;
s9, excavating, deslagging and charging: the self-dumping truck is pulled and transported by adopting a backward method, a backhoe and a dump truck.
According to a formula Q-qv-qxa-xb-xh for calculating the single-hole blasting volume explosive quantity, wherein Q is the unit consumption of the explosive; kg/m3, a is the pitch; m; b is a row pitch; i.e. the line of least resistance w; m; h is the step height, m; a blast hole charging formula Q ═ rho v ═ rho × 3.14 × r × r × l; wherein rho is the bulk density of the explosive; 850kg/m 3 (ii) a r is the radius of the blast hole, m; l is the charging length of the blast hole, m; it can be seen that, under the condition that the loading Q of the same hole is the same, the Q is selected to be 0.2-0.3 kg/m according to the rock property as a concrete project 3 If the rock is relatively complete, and if not, the value of r, H, l (i.e. the hole depth-plugging length) is determined, the minimum resistance line w may be determined to be 0.6H, in this embodiment, the hole diameter is 120mm, the hole depth is 9.6m, the hole pitch a is 6m, the resistance line is 4m, the hole sealing length is 4m, and the unit consumption is 0.23kg/m 3 Single hole dosage50kg, and 150ms of differential blasting time between holes. In practice, engineering rock cracks develop, and rock bodies can be changed into rock blocks from original cracks only by certain internal force action (namely, gas action is generated after blasting, and the original cracks are further expanded), so that the explosive loading is selected and concentrated, q is reasonably determined, the rock blocks formed after blasting are basically generated by the original cracks, the fresh faces of the rock blocks are hardly found, and the blasting effect is good.
Example 2
In example 1, the hole diameter was 120mm, the hole depth was 9.6m, the pitch a was 4.5m, the resistance line was 5m, the sealing length was 4m, and the unit consumption was 0.25kg/m 3 The single-hole explosive amount is 50kg, and the interpore differential blasting time is 150 ms. All other steps are the same.
After the blasting is carried out by adopting the steps, the drainage body is detected, and the result is as follows:
table 1 summary table of drainage material grading test results
TABLE 2 statistical table for testing drainage material (level)
TABLE 3 statistical table for testing drainage body (vertical)
Therefore, the drainage bodies (horizontal) have 28 groups of content detection with the grain diameter less than 5mm, 28 groups of content detection with the grain diameter less than 0.75mm and 28 groups of maximum grain diameter; and the drainage bodies (vertical) are subjected to 91 groups of content detection with the particle size of less than 5mm, 91 groups of content detection with the particle size of less than 0.75mm and 91 groups of maximum particle size, and the detection result meets the design technical requirements. After blasting, the surface of the slag is all block stones, and the surface has few fresh fracture surfaces, and the stone is gradedThe similarity meets the requirement. And excavating stones by adopting a loosening blasting mode. After excavation, a slag transportation road is built in a blasting area on the blasting ballast, and a retreating method, a backhoe, excavation and loading and a dump truck pulling transportation are adopted. In order to meet the requirement of high-strength dam construction, the stock ground is in a step shape, the width and the height of the step are determined according to rock structures and joints, mechanical configuration, demand and the like, a plurality of steps with the length of 250-300 m and the height of 9-10 m are generally formed, each step is divided into a left step and a right step to perform blasting and charging circulation operation respectively, and each operation surface is constructed independently and does not influence each other. The blasting calculation is carried out once a day in the stock ground, and about 3 ten thousand meters of the drainage body material can be blasted every day 3 And the requirement of 150m high dam in the peak filling period is met.
Claims (7)
1. A construction method for improving the diameter of a blasting block in heterogeneous soft rock geology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, measurement lofting: lofting in a selected blasting test area, carrying out topographic survey by a surveyor, and paying off according to the trend with the tunnel face, wherein a resistance line w is 0.6H, and H is the height of the tunnel face;
s2, arranging holes: according to a blast hole arrangement diagram, adopting a southern GPS or a total station to measure and place hole positions and drilling direction control points, and marking the hole positions and the drilling direction control points by lime to form a plurality of blast points with the same hole distance a, wherein connecting lines of the blast points are on a straight line and are parallel to the direction of a tunnel face;
s3, drilling: drilling according to the depth, the inclination angle and the direction of the blast hole, and accurately drilling the blast hole, wherein the inclination angle alpha of the drilling is consistent with the inclination angle beta of the face, namely the drilling direction is vertical to the normal direction of the face;
s4, charging and connecting: before charging, opening the hole plug to perform hole depth inspection, wherein rock powder, rock blocks and the like around the hole are prevented from falling into the hole, otherwise, hole cleaning or hole sweeping is performed before charging; and designing explosives and blasting detonators at the orifice part of each hole according to a plan. When charging is started, a blasting operator charges the powder, and during the charging process, the detonating primer leg wire is protected;
s5, clearing the yard and evacuating: the field safety personnel inform the personnel, equipment and the like in the warning area to evacuate from the field 30 minutes before blasting;
s6, blasting: after the evacuation is confirmed, a millisecond differential detonator detonation method is adopted for detonation on time;
s7, safety confirmation: after blasting is finished, the blaster enters a blasting area for safety check, and the alarm is removed after the phenomena of no duds, misfire and the like are confirmed; if the phenomenon is found to exist, the treatment is carried out in time;
s8, building a construction access road: after blasting is finished and warning is removed, connecting a blasting area adjacent to a ballast transportation road on blasting ballast;
s9, excavating, deslagging and charging: the self-dumping truck is pulled and transported by adopting a backward method, a backhoe and a dump truck.
2. The construction method for improving the diameter of the blasting block in the geology of the heterogeneous soft rock according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S3, the float ballast on the rock surface is flushed in the whole process, small wind pressure is not applied with pressure, the rock is slowly impacted, the hole is opened to the depth of 0.5m, the drilling direction is checked, then half wind pressure is applied slowly, and weathered broken rock is applied slowly with small wind quantity and small pressure.
3. The construction method for improving the diameter of the blasting block in the geology of the heterogeneous soft rock according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step S4 adopts a coupled charging mode.
4. The construction method for improving the diameter of the blasting block in the geology of the heterogeneous soft rock according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the differential blasting time among the holes in the step S6 is more than 100 ms.
5. The construction method for improving the diameter of the blasting block in the geology of the heterogeneous soft rock according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, the aperture is 120mm, the hole depth is 9.6m, the hole distance a is 4.5m, the resistance line is 5m, the hole sealing length is 4m, and the unit consumption is 0.25kg/m 3 The single-hole explosive quantity is 50kg, and the hole differential blasting time is 150 ms.
6. Heterogeneous soft rock according to claim 1The construction method for improving the diameter of the blasting block in geology is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step S2, the aperture is 120mm, the hole depth is 9.6m, the hole distance a is 6m, the resistance line is 4m, the hole sealing length is 4m, and the unit consumption is 0.23kg/m 3 The single-hole explosive quantity is 50kg, and the hole differential blasting time is 150 ms.
7. The construction method for improving the diameter of the blasting block in the geology of the heterogeneous soft rock according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S4, MS 15-stage millisecond detonator is adopted in the hole, and MS 6-stage millisecond detonator is adopted outside the hole.
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| CN111121575A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-08 | 中国十九冶集团（防城港）设备结构有限公司 | Town deep foundation pit shallow layer loosening control blasting construction method |
| CN111981922A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-24 | 中国葛洲坝集团第一工程有限公司 | Construction method for converting dangerous rock control blasting material into dam filling grade ingredient |
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-
2022
- 2022-06-30 CN CN202210771847.4A patent/CN114993127A/en active Pending
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| CN102226674A (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2011-10-26 | 中国人民解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院 | Explosion method of dimension stone production in joint development rock |
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