CN114991075B - Construction method for improving anti-cracking and anti-permeability of stone-buried concrete dam - Google Patents
Construction method for improving anti-cracking and anti-permeability of stone-buried concrete dam Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000003487 anti-permeability effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004574 high-performance concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/16—Sealings or joints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method for improving crack resistance and impermeability of a concrete dam buried with stones, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower construction. A construction method for improving the anti-cracking and anti-seepage of a stone-buried concrete dam is characterized in that a reinforced concrete anti-seepage panel is arranged on the upstream surface of the stone-buried concrete; the method comprises the following steps: a1, optimizing the mixing ratio of the stone-buried concrete; a2, improving the stone burying rate; a3, optimizing the mixing ratio of the reinforced concrete seepage-proofing panel. According to the invention, the reinforced concrete seepage-proofing panel is arranged on the upstream surface of the stone-buried concrete, so that the seepage-proofing capability is improved; optimizing the mixing ratio of the stone-buried concrete to achieve good temperature control effect; the cost is reduced, and the generation of poor temperature cracks of the dam body is reduced; the high-flow-state concrete ensures better filling among the stones, realizes the improvement of the stone burying rate, and achieves the purpose of increasing the stone burying rate to reduce the internal temperature of the concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower construction, in particular to a construction method for improving crack resistance and impermeability of a concrete dam with buried stones.
Background
Under the precondition that the anti-cracking technology of the concrete dam with the embedded stone meets the relative strength, applicability, safety, service life and the like of the gravity dam, the anti-cracking technology is realized by improving the embedded stone rate; that is, a large amount of stone is embedded in the poured concrete, so that the use amount of cement is reduced, the influence of temperature stress on the embedded concrete during construction is greatly reduced, and the occurrence of temperature cracks is reduced. The impervious technology of the stone-buried concrete is generally realized by pouring impervious concrete with a certain thickness.
The technology is single, and has a certain improvement effect on the cracking resistance and the impermeability of the stone-buried concrete, but the effect is not obvious.
On the basis of the prior art, the method for improving the anti-cracking and anti-permeability of the embedded stone concrete dam is researched, and the anti-cracking and anti-permeability effects of the embedded stone concrete dam are further improved, so that the construction quality of the embedded stone concrete is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the anti-cracking and anti-seepage effects of the stone-buried concrete are not obvious in the prior art, and provides a construction method for improving the anti-cracking and anti-seepage effects of a stone-buried concrete dam.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a construction method for improving the anti-cracking and anti-seepage of a stone-buried concrete dam is characterized in that a reinforced concrete anti-seepage panel is arranged on the upstream surface of the stone-buried concrete;
the method comprises the following steps:
a1, optimizing the mixing ratio of the stone-buried concrete;
a2, improving the stone burying rate;
a3, optimizing the mixing ratio of the reinforced concrete seepage-proofing panel.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
a4, dynamically adjusting concrete curing according to temperature change;
a5, building a proper microclimate and creating construction conditions;
a6, controlling the single-bin blocking and layering construction height.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
a7, setting a key groove on the horizontal plane of the seepage-proofing panel;
a8, designing horizontal staggered joint construction of the seepage-proofing panel and the stone-buried concrete.
Preferably, in step A1:
1) Adopting a double-mixing technology to adjust the design of the concrete mixing proportion;
2) The concrete dosage and the concrete strength in unit volume are controlled by adjusting the mixing proportion of the buried stone filled concrete and the thickness of the serosa;
in the step A2, the stone burying rate is improved to 30 percent;
in the step A1, the following weight proportion design is adopted:
and (3) cement: pulverized coal: fine aggregate: 5-20mm coarse aggregate: 20-40mm coarse aggregate: water: water reducing agent: air entraining agent=180-190: 98-100: 830-835: 600-610: 490-500: 160-165: 2.83-2.85: 0.022 to 0.024.
Preferably, in step A3:
adding fly ash by adopting a double-mixing technology, and mixing a high-performance concrete expanding agent;
meanwhile, stone cannot be buried in the seepage-proof panel;
in the step A3, the following weight proportion design is adopted:
and (3) cement: pulverized coal: fine aggregate: 5-20mm coarse aggregate: 20-40mm coarse aggregate: water: water reducing agent: air entraining agent=220 to 225: 72-76: 680-690: 570-574: 695-703: 146-150: 2.94-2.98: 0.023 to 0.025.
Preferably, in step A4:
the position with larger temperature stress is preset, and an electronic thermometer is correspondingly arranged for monitoring;
specifically, an electronic thermometer is embedded in the concrete, the temperature difference inside and outside the concrete is dynamically monitored, and the temperature difference is controlled to be not more than 18 ℃;
based on the measured actual temperature, boundary conditions and climate conditions, providing a temperature early warning standard and countermeasures of the concrete dam; and when the temperature exceeds the early warning value, quickly taking temperature control measures.
Preferably, in step A5:
installing a weather monitoring system at a dam foundation to guide and improve concrete construction conditions;
namely, spraying and bin surface installation of a spraying pipeline are adopted to build proper microclimate; the method creates the best construction condition for realizing the casting of the dam face concrete at the temperature of about 22 ℃ and the period of humidity of more than 70%.
Preferably, in step A6:
the stone burying rate is improved, the anti-cracking technology of non-temperature control measures for large-volume concrete construction is realized by utilizing the heat absorption and heat conduction characteristics of the stone blocks through reasonable single-bin block and layered construction heights, and the generation of construction joints is reduced;
namely, the block length of the single-bin dam body is controlled to be about 15m, the height is controlled to be about 2.5m, and the generation of construction cracks can be effectively controlled by combining the stone burying rate of 30%.
Preferably:
in step A7:
a trapezoid key slot with a large upper opening and a small lower opening is arranged on each layer of construction horizontal plane of the seepage-proofing panel; thereby, the infiltration length is increased to enhance the seepage prevention capability;
meanwhile, the construction joint surface is subjected to comprehensive roughening treatment so as to further enhance the seepage-proofing capacity;
in step A8:
and designing horizontal staggered joint construction on the layered height of the seepage-proofing panel and the main body stone-buried concrete.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
by combining high-flow concrete, construction quality is ensured by reinforcing vibration; thereby ensuring that the stone-buried concrete is free from overhead and compact, and improving the impervious capacity of the dam.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a construction method for improving the anti-cracking and anti-seepage performance of the stone-buried concrete dam, which has the following beneficial effects.
1. According to the invention, the reinforced concrete seepage-proofing panel is arranged on the upstream surface of the stone-buried concrete, so that the seepage-proofing capability is improved.
2. According to the invention, the mixing ratio of the stone-buried concrete is optimized, so that a good temperature control effect is achieved; the cost is reduced, and the generation of poor temperature cracks of the dam body is reduced; the high-flow-state concrete ensures better filling among the stones, realizes the improvement of the stone burying rate, and achieves the purpose of increasing the stone burying rate to reduce the internal temperature of the concrete.
3. According to the invention, the concrete curing is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature change, so that the problem of cracks caused by temperature difference is solved; building a proper microclimate and creating an optimal construction condition for dam face concrete pouring; the reasonable single-bin blocking and layering construction height realizes the anti-cracking technology of non-temperature control measures for large-volume concrete construction by utilizing the heat absorption and heat conduction characteristics of the block stone, and reduces the generation of construction joints.
4. According to the invention, the horizontal plane of the seepage-proof panel is provided with the key groove, so that the infiltration-wrapping length is increased, and the seepage-proof capacity is enhanced; and the seepage-proofing panel and the buried stone concrete are designed for horizontal staggered joint construction, so that the organic combination of panel seepage resistance and dam seepage resistance is realized.
5. The invention adopts a static paving method, high-flow concrete, strong vibration and dynamic temperature control measures to ensure the construction quality of the buried stone, ensure the non-overhead and compact of the buried stone concrete and improve the impervious capacity of the dam.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows; and will be apparent to those skilled in the art in part based upon a review of the following; alternatively, the teachings may be directed to practice of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a keyway.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a construction method for improving the anti-cracking and anti-seepage performance of a stone-embedded concrete dam is characterized in that a reinforced concrete anti-seepage panel is arranged on the upstream surface of the stone-embedded concrete.
The anti-seepage capability is improved by arranging the reinforced concrete anti-seepage panel with the thickness of 0.9-2.4 m on the upstream surface.
It can be understood that the thickness of the seepage-proofing panel is selected and set according to the actual dam structure; including but not limited to the above dimensions.
The integral anti-cracking and anti-seepage construction comprises the following steps:
a1, optimizing the mixing ratio of the stone-buried concrete;
a2, improving the stone burying rate;
a3, optimizing the mixing ratio of the reinforced concrete seepage-proofing panel.
Wherein, the stone-buried concrete adopts a low-grade high-flow concrete mixing proportion design; the reinforced concrete seepage-proofing panel adopts the label high-permeability-level blending ratio.
In step A1:
1) Adopting a double-mixing technology to optimally adjust the design of the concrete mixing proportion;
the use of cement is reduced by blending fly ash; the adverse factors brought by the hydration temperature rise of the concrete itself to the concrete structure are reduced, and the generation of bad temperature cracks is reduced;
2) The cement consumption and the concrete strength in unit volume are controlled by optimizing and adjusting the mixing ratio of the buried stone filled concrete and adjusting the thickness of the serosa;
on the premise of ensuring the strength of the concrete, a good temperature control effect is achieved; the cost is reduced, and the generation of cracks at bad temperature of the dam body is reduced.
In actual construction, the climate and material characteristics of a construction area are combined, the temperature stress in the concrete is controlled, the serosal thickness theory and numerical analysis are adopted, and an indoor test is combined, so that the optimal mix proportion design and construction scheme are provided.
The low-grade high-flow concrete mixing proportion design suitable for the stone-buried concrete is developed by the inventor; on the premise of meeting the specification, the consumption of the fly ash is improved to the maximum extent; the cement fly ash ratio of the mixing ratio is 1:0.54, and the water-cement ratio is 0.57; thereby realizing the increase of slump and reducing the hydration temperature rise of cement dosage control.
Meanwhile, the high-flow concrete ensures better filling among the stones, improves the stone burying rate, and achieves the purpose of increasing the stone burying rate to reduce the internal temperature of the concrete.
Correspondingly, in the step A2, the stone burying rate is improved to 30%.
In the step A1, the following weight proportion design is adopted:
and (3) cement: pulverized coal: fine aggregate: 5-20mm coarse aggregate: 20-40mm coarse aggregate: water: water reducing agent: air entraining agent=180-190: 98-100: 830-835: 600-610: 490-500: 160-165: 2.83-2.85: 0.022 to 0.024.
The optimal mixing ratio is designed as follows:
and (3) cement: pulverized coal: fine aggregate: 5-20mm coarse aggregate: 20-40mm coarse aggregate: water: water reducing agent: bleed agent = 185:99:832:606:496:162:2.84:0.023.
see the following table for details:
in step A3:
the concrete with high grade of anti-permeability is developed by the inventor.
Adding fly ash by adopting a double doping technology through optimizing the blending ratio of the anti-seepage panel; and a proper amount of high-performance concrete expanding agent is added to reduce the use of cement cementing materials; thereby realizing the effect of reducing the hydration temperature rise in the concrete and reducing the generation of bad temperature cracks.
At the same time, it is required that stones must not be buried in the impermeable panel.
In the step A3, the following weight proportion design is adopted:
and (3) cement: pulverized coal: fine aggregate: 5-20mm coarse aggregate: 20-40mm coarse aggregate: water: water reducing agent: air entraining agent=220 to 225: 72-76: 680-690: 570-574: 695-703: 146-150: 2.94-2.98: 0.023 to 0.025.
The optimal weight proportion is designed as follows:
and (3) cement: pulverized coal: fine aggregate: 5-20mm coarse aggregate: 20-40mm coarse aggregate: water: water reducing agent: bleed agent = 222:74:685:572:699:148:2.96:0.024.
see the following table for details:
in some embodiments, the method further comprises the steps of:
a4, dynamically adjusting concrete curing according to temperature change;
a5, building a proper microclimate and creating optimal construction conditions;
a6, controlling the construction height to be reasonable single-bin blocking and layering.
In step A4:
based on a finite element method, presetting a position with larger temperature stress of concrete, and arranging an electronic thermometer at a corresponding position to monitor the temperature of the position; the concrete curing is dynamically adjusted according to the environmental temperature of the dam site area and the internal and external temperature difference changes, so that the problem of cracks caused by the temperature difference is solved.
Specifically, an electronic thermometer is embedded in the concrete, the temperature difference inside and outside the concrete is dynamically monitored, and the temperature difference is controlled to be not more than 18 ℃.
Based on the measured actual temperature, boundary conditions and climatic conditions, the temperature early warning standard and countermeasures of the concrete dam are provided in construction; when the temperature exceeds the early warning value, rapidly taking the most economical and reasonable temperature control measures; so as to control the temperature stress and control the temperature stress within a certain range, and avoid the generation of temperature cracks.
The specific temperature control measures are as follows:
1) Under the conditions of drying and hot weather, after the template is removed, the plastic film and the gunny bag sheet are covered in time for maintenance;
when water drops are maintained in the plastic film, water sprinkling is not performed; when no water drops exist in the plastic film, a manual sprinkling or self-flowing method is adopted in time, so that the surface of the concrete is kept moist;
2) In winter, the concrete is stirred by warm water, a heating furnace heat accumulating method is adopted on site, and the subsequent heat preservation of the dam concrete is mainly carried out by covering and preserving heat by plastic films and heat preservation cotton;
the water for winter maintenance is mainly sprayed in the period of high temperature in the daytime, and the water spraying maintenance is forbidden in the period of night and low temperature.
In step A5:
and installing a small mobile weather monitoring system at the dam foundation to guide and improve the concrete construction condition.
Namely, spraying and bin surface installation of a spraying pipeline are adopted to build proper microclimate; the method creates the best construction condition for realizing the casting of the dam face concrete at the temperature of about 22 ℃ and the period of humidity of more than 70%.
In step A6:
the stone burying rate is improved, the heat absorption and heat conduction characteristics of the stone blocks are utilized through reasonable single-bin block and layered construction heights, the anti-cracking technology of non-temperature control measures for large-volume concrete construction is realized, and the generation of construction joints is reduced.
Namely, the block length of the single-bin dam body is controlled to be about 15m, the height is controlled to be about 2.5m, and the generation of construction cracks can be effectively controlled by combining the stone burying rate of 30%.
In some embodiments, further comprising:
and the construction of the impermeable panel is not carried out in the time period when the continuous temperature is lower than 0 ℃ and higher than 30 ℃, so that the quality hidden trouble is reduced.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises the steps of:
a7, setting a key groove on the horizontal plane of the seepage-proofing panel;
a8, designing horizontal staggered joint construction of the seepage-proofing panel and the stone-buried concrete.
In step A7:
the impervious weak link of the impervious panel is a horizontal construction joint surface; through the design of the my, on each layer of construction horizontal plane of the seepage-proofing panel, a trapezoid key slot with a large upper opening and a small lower opening is arranged.
The length and width of the key groove are determined by the size of the panel, and the depth is preferably 100-200 mm.
Please refer to fig. 2, which is a schematic plan view of the key slot.
In the figure, the key slot is located at the middle position of the horizontal plane; the length of the device is a panel-1000 mm, the width of the upper opening is 500mm, and the depth is 200mm.
Thus, the wraparound length is increased over a limited panel size to enhance barrier.
And meanwhile, the construction joint surface of each layer is subjected to comprehensive roughening treatment so as to further enhance the seepage-proofing capacity.
In step A8:
and designing horizontal staggered joint construction on the layered height of the seepage-proofing panel and the main body stone-buried concrete.
Wherein, the preferable staggered joint height is 100-150 cm, thus realizing the organic combination of panel impermeability and dam impermeability.
In some embodiments, further comprising:
by combining high-flow concrete, construction quality is ensured by reinforcing vibration; thereby ensuring that the stone-buried concrete is free from overhead and compact, and improving the impervious capacity of the dam.
Specifically, static paving method, high-flow concrete, strong vibration and dynamic temperature control measures are adopted to ensure the construction quality of stone burying.
Static paving method: mortar paving, concrete paving with a layer of about 40cm, vibrating, stone block paving uniformly, concrete block covering, stone block paving, and strong vibrating;
so as to ensure that concrete is arranged between the block stones and the filling is compact; and (5) circulating until the bin is collected.
Adopting high-flow concrete as the buried stone filling concrete, ensuring the vibrating filling quality of the buried stone concrete and preventing the overhead phenomenon; thereby ensuring that the stone-buried concrete is free from overhead and compact, ensuring the construction quality and improving the impervious capacity of the dam.
The concrete is internally embedded with a thermometer and dynamic temperature control measures, so that the quality of the entity is ensured, the generation of harmful temperature cracks is prevented, and the impermeability of the dam body is ensured.
The invention forms a set of seepage-proofing construction method of the stone-buried concrete dam: the key groove type horizontal staggered joint anti-seepage panel is designed on the upstream surface, and the infiltration wrapping length is increased in the limited panel size; designing horizontal staggered joint construction on the layered height of the seepage-proofing panel and the main body stone-buried concrete, wherein the staggered joint height is 50 cm-100 cm; and the construction joint surface of each layer is subjected to comprehensive roughening treatment, so that the panel impermeability and dam impermeability are organically combined, and the impermeability is enhanced.
The invention forms a dam seepage-proofing panel anti-cracking construction method: through the optimal design of the mixing proportion, the use of cement is reduced by mixing the fly ash, the adverse effect of hydration temperature rise of the concrete on the concrete structure is reduced, and the cost is saved; the electronic thermometer can master the temperature difference inside and outside the concrete, and timely adjust the concrete curing according to the temperature difference change inside and outside, so that the problem of cracks caused by the temperature difference can be better solved.
In the invention, the reinforced concrete seepage-proofing panel is arranged on the upstream surface of the stone-buried concrete, so that the seepage-proofing capability is improved; optimizing the mixing ratio of the stone-buried concrete to achieve good temperature control effect; the cost is reduced, and the generation of poor temperature cracks of the dam body is reduced; the high-flow-state concrete ensures better filling among the stones, realizes the improvement of the stone burying rate, and achieves the purpose of increasing the stone burying rate to reduce the internal temperature of the concrete.
According to the invention, according to the temperature change, the concrete curing is dynamically adjusted, so that the problem of cracks caused by temperature difference is solved; building a proper microclimate and creating an optimal construction condition for dam face concrete pouring; the reasonable single-bin blocking and layering construction height realizes the anti-cracking technology of non-temperature control measures for large-volume concrete construction by utilizing the heat absorption and heat conduction characteristics of the block stone, and reduces the generation of construction joints.
In the invention, a key groove is arranged on the horizontal plane of the seepage-proof panel, so that the infiltration-wrapping length is increased to enhance the seepage-proof capability; the seepage-proofing panel and the buried stone concrete are designed for horizontal staggered joint construction, so that the organic combination of panel seepage resistance and dam seepage resistance is realized; the static paving method, high-flow concrete, strong vibration and dynamic temperature control measures are adopted to ensure the construction quality of the buried stone, ensure the non-overhead and compactness of the buried stone concrete and improve the impervious capacity of the dam.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A construction method for improving the anti-cracking and anti-seepage performance of a stone-buried concrete dam is characterized in that a reinforced concrete anti-seepage panel is arranged on the upstream surface of the stone-buried concrete;
the method comprises the following steps:
a1, optimizing the mixing ratio of the stone-buried concrete;
a2, improving the stone burying rate;
a3, optimizing the mixing ratio of the reinforced concrete seepage-proofing panel;
wherein, the stone-buried concrete adopts a low-grade high-flow concrete mixing proportion design; the reinforced concrete seepage-proofing panel adopts a mixing proportion with high grade of seepage resistance;
a4, dynamically adjusting concrete curing according to temperature change;
a5, building a proper microclimate and creating construction conditions;
a6, controlling the single-bin blocking and layering construction height;
a7, setting a key groove on the horizontal plane of the seepage-proofing panel;
a8, designing horizontal staggered joint construction of the seepage-proofing panel and the stone-buried concrete;
specific:
in step A1:
adopting a double-mixing technology to adjust the design of the concrete mixing proportion;
the concrete dosage and the concrete strength in unit volume are controlled by adjusting the mixing proportion of the buried stone filled concrete and the thickness of the serosa;
in the step A2, the stone burying rate is improved to 30 percent;
in the step A1, the following weight proportion design is adopted:
and (3) cement: pulverized coal: fine aggregate: 5-20mm coarse aggregate: 20-40mm coarse aggregate: water: water reducing agent: air entraining agent=180-190: 98-100: 830-835: 600-610: 490-500: 160-165: 2.83-2.85: 0.022 to 0.024;
in step A3:
adding fly ash by adopting a double-mixing technology, and mixing a high-performance concrete expanding agent;
meanwhile, stone cannot be buried in the seepage-proof panel;
in the step A3, the following weight proportion design is adopted:
and (3) cement: pulverized coal: fine aggregate: 5-20mm coarse aggregate: 20-40mm coarse aggregate: water: water reducing agent: air entraining agent=220 to 225: 72-76: 680-690: 570-574: 695-703: 146-150: 2.94-2.98: 0.023 to 0.025;
in step A4:
the position with larger temperature stress is preset, and an electronic thermometer is correspondingly arranged for monitoring;
specifically, an electronic thermometer is embedded in the concrete, the temperature difference inside and outside the concrete is dynamically monitored, and the temperature difference is controlled to be not more than 18 ℃;
based on the measured actual temperature, boundary conditions and climate conditions, providing a temperature early warning standard and countermeasures of the concrete dam; when the temperature exceeds the early warning value, quickly taking temperature control measures;
in step A5:
installing a weather monitoring system at a dam foundation to guide and improve concrete construction conditions;
namely, spraying and bin surface installation of a spraying pipeline are adopted to build proper microclimate; creating optimal construction conditions for realizing the casting of dam face concrete at the temperature of about 22 ℃ and the period of more than 70% of humidity;
in step A6:
the stone burying rate is improved, the anti-cracking technology of non-temperature control measures for large-volume concrete construction is realized by utilizing the heat absorption and heat conduction characteristics of the stone blocks through reasonable single-bin block and layered construction heights, and the generation of construction joints is reduced;
namely, the block length of the single-bin dam body is controlled to be about 15m, the height is controlled to be about 2.5m, and the generation of construction cracks can be effectively controlled by combining the stone burying rate of 30 percent;
in step A7:
a trapezoid key slot with a large upper opening and a small lower opening is arranged on each layer of construction horizontal plane of the seepage-proofing panel; thereby, the infiltration length is increased to enhance the seepage prevention capability;
meanwhile, the construction joint surface is subjected to comprehensive roughening treatment so as to further enhance the seepage-proofing capacity;
in step A8:
and designing horizontal staggered joint construction on the layered height of the seepage-proofing panel and the main body stone-buried concrete.
2. The method for improving the anti-cracking and anti-permeability construction of a concrete dam with embedded stone as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
by combining high-flow concrete, construction quality is ensured by reinforcing vibration; thereby ensuring that the stone-buried concrete is free from overhead and compact, and improving the impervious capacity of the dam.
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