CN114988976A - 一种有机催化Nazarov环化合成手性环戊烯酮类化合物的方法 - Google Patents

一种有机催化Nazarov环化合成手性环戊烯酮类化合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN114988976A
CN114988976A CN202210585677.0A CN202210585677A CN114988976A CN 114988976 A CN114988976 A CN 114988976A CN 202210585677 A CN202210585677 A CN 202210585677A CN 114988976 A CN114988976 A CN 114988976A
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唐生表
孙江涛
邵莺
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种有机催化Nazarov环化合成手性环戊烯酮类化合物的方法。确切来说,采用手性硫脲催化剂催化1,2‑二酮化合物Nazarov环化制备手性环戊烯酮类化合物。该方法属于有机合成领域。具体操作步骤:在氩气保护下,向反应瓶中加入1,2‑二酮底物,加入手性硫脲催化剂,
Figure DDA0003665846720000011
分子筛和环戊基甲醚溶剂,在室温下搅拌反应,待反应完全,淬灭、纯化,得到手性环戊烯酮类化合物。该方法具有原料易得,反应操作简单、条件温和、非对映和对映立体选择性好,以及底物范围广的优点,该方法制备的手性环戊烯酮同时具有碳手性中心以及联烯轴手性的特征。

Description

一种有机催化Nazarov环化合成手性环戊烯酮类化合物的 方法
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成领域,涉及手性环戊烯酮类化合物的合成,具体为有机催化Nazarov环化合成手性环戊烯酮类化合物的方法。
背景技术手性环戊烯酮是重要的有机合成中间体,并且广泛存在于天然产物及药物分子中(参见:a)Roche,S.P.;Aitken,D.J.Eur.J.Org.Chem.2010,2010,5339-5358.b)Simeonov,S.P.;Nunes,J.P.M.;Guerra,K.;Kurteva,V.B.;Afonso,C.A.M.Chem.Rev.2016,116,5744-5893;c)M.G.Vinogradov,O.V.Turova,S.G.Zlotin,Org.Biomol.Chem.2017,15,8245-8269.d)A.J.Frontier J.J.Hernandez,Acc.Chem.Res.2020,53,1822-1832.)。目前合成手性环戊烯酮类化合物的最主要策略是使用1,4-二烯酮类化合物作为底物,经过Nazarov环化反应得到(见:a)Liang,G.;Trauner,D.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2004,126,9544-9545.b)He,W.;Sun,X.;Frontier,A.J.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2003,125,14278-14279.c)Cao,P.;Deng,C.;
Zhou,Y.Y.;Sun,X.L.;Zheng,J.C.;Xie,Z.;Tang,Y.Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2010,49,4463-4466;d)J.Cao,M.-Y.Hu,S.-Y.Liu,X.-Y.Zhang,S.-F.Zhu,Q.-L.Zhou.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2021,143,6962-6968.等)。这种策略虽然发展比较成熟,但是该方法存在两个不足:第一:1,4-二烯酮类底物底物要求较高,往往需要有强给电子或吸电子基团,且反应条件为:金属催化,金属残留也是难于处理的问题。其二,1,4-二烯酮类环化形式比较单一,因此得到手性环戊烯酮种类比较有限,限制了手性环戊烯酮的多样性的开发和利用。因此,发展简洁高效的方法合成多样性手性环戊烯酮,特别是较复杂的手性环戊烯酮一直以来都是非常具有挑战的研究课题。
发明内容
鉴于背景技术中存在的手性环戊烯酮种类多样性的不足,本发明提供了一种有机催化Nazarov环化合成手性环戊烯酮类化合物的方法:以1,2-二酮化合物为原料,在绿色环保的手性硫脲催化剂的催化作用下,发生分子内Nazarov环化,进而得到手性环戊烯酮类化合物。
为了实现本发明目的,所采用的技术方案为:
一种有机催化Nazarov环化合成手性环戊烯酮类化合物的方法,包括步骤:在手性硫脲催化剂的催化作用下,1,2-二酮化合物发生分子内Nazarov环化,得到手性环戊烯酮类化合物,结构式为
Figure BDA0003665846700000021
所述1,2-二酮底物的结构式为:
Figure BDA0003665846700000022
其中,Ar为苯环上可带有吸电子或者给电子的含芳基基团;R1为甲基、乙基或者正丙基中的一种;R2为甲基、乙基或者苄基中的一种;R3为烷基(正丁基,叔丁基,环丙基等)或芳基。
进一步的,所述方法按照下述步骤进行:在氩气保护下,向反应瓶中加入1,2-二酮底物,加入手性硫脲催化剂,
Figure BDA0003665846700000023
Figure BDA0003665846700000024
分子筛和溶剂(例如甲苯、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、环戊基甲醚中的任意一种或几种的组合),在室温下搅拌反应,待反应完全,淬灭、纯化,得到所述手性环戊烯酮类化合物。
进一步的,手性硫脲结构式为:
Figure BDA0003665846700000031
手性硫脲结构式中R为H或OMe,R1为乙烯基或乙基。
所采用的最优手性硫脲结构为,
Figure BDA0003665846700000032
具体的反应方程式如下(Scheme 1):
Figure BDA0003665846700000033
进一步的,所述1,2-二酮的反应浓度为0.025-0.1M(更优选0.05M),即:1摩尔的反应底物对应2L溶剂。
进一步的,所述硫脲催化剂用量为底物当量的10%-20%,当催化剂用量为15%时,可以达到最高收率和光学选择性。继续增大催化剂使用量,反应速率加快,收率和光学选择性不再增加。
有益效果:
本发明方法通过采用绿色环保的手性有机催化剂催化1,2-二酮底物制备一系列手性环戊烯酮化合物。该方法具有反应操作简单、条件温和,绿色环保的优点。同时,该方法制备的手性环戊烯酮化合物同时兼备碳手性中心以及联烯轴手性的特征。
说明书附图
图1为本发明实施例1中产物的HPLC图;
图2为本发明实施例1中产物的HPLC图;
图3为本发明实施例1中产物的HPLC图;
图4为本发明实施例1中产物的HPLC图。
具体实施方式
二酮底物1的制备方法:
在氩气保护下,向反应瓶中加入1,4-烯炔醇、α-芳基重叠乙酸甲酯、醋酸铑及正己烷,在室温下反应。反应结束后,淬灭纯化,得到1化合物(见下图)。
Figure BDA0003665846700000041
经试验验证,本申请手性环戊烯酮类化合物制备中所用化合物1的结构式中R1可以为甲基、乙基或者正丙基中的一种;R2可以为甲基、乙基或者苄基中的一种;R3可以为烷基或芳基,且所得手性环戊烯酮类化合物收率可达69~92%,立体选择性可达80~97%。下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述,但不限于此。
实施实例1:
(2a)的合成:
Figure BDA0003665846700000042
氩气保护下向反应管中加入1a(0.1mmol,32mg),环戊基甲醚(2.0mL),手性催化剂Q9(15mol%,10.5mg),
Figure BDA0003665846700000051
分子筛(60mg),在室温下反应72小时,待反应完全,加入氯化铵(10mL)淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(10*3mL)合并有机相,减压浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析纯化得到2a(28.8mg,dr>19:1,收率:90%,95%ee)为淡黄色固体.熔点为165-168℃,对映选择性由高效液相色谱测定(HPLC,手性柱:Daicel Chiralpak IC column;流动相:hexane/iPrOH=70:30,流速:1.0mL/min,λ=254nm,出峰时间:tR(major)=7.67min,tR(minor)=10.17min.95%ee.).[α]D 25=-331.3(c=0.25in CHCl3).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47-7.42(m,2H),7.34-7.25(m,3H),7.20-7.17(m,3H),6.94-6.92(m,2H),6.86(s,1H),3.23(s,1H),2.58-2.34(m,2H),2.17(s,3H),1.16(t,J=7.6Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ204.0,202.9,162.4,141.3,141.1,132.8,128.7,128.5,128.0,127.9,127.3,125.2,118.4,103.3,78.9,17.2,13.9,12.9.HRMS(ESI)calculated for C22H21O2[M+H]+:317.1542,found:317.1544.(HPLC图见图1)。
基于本实施例,将
Figure BDA0003665846700000052
分子筛等量替换为
Figure BDA0003665846700000053
分子筛时结果:81%收率,90ee.,将
Figure BDA0003665846700000054
分子筛等量替换为
Figure BDA0003665846700000055
分子筛时结果:80%收率,88%ee.)。基于本实施例,还进行了手性硫脲催化剂适用性试验,结果显示以Q9为催化剂(也即本实施例)效果最好,具体如下:
Figure BDA0003665846700000061
实施实例2:
(2b)的合成:
Figure BDA0003665846700000062
氩气保护下向反应管中加入1b(0.1mmol,33mg),环戊基甲醚(2.0mL),手性催化剂Q9(15mol%,10.5mg),
Figure BDA0003665846700000063
分子筛(60mg),在室温下反应72小时,待反应完全,加入氯化铵(10mL)淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(10*3mL)合并有机相,减压浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析纯化得到2b(27.6mg,dr>19:1,收率:84%,90%ee)为淡黄色固体.熔点为176-178℃,对映选择性由高效液相色谱(HPLC,手性柱:Daicel Chiralpak IC column;流动相:hexane/iPrOH=70:30,流速:1.0mL/min,λ=254nm,出峰时间:tR(major)=8.64min,tR(minor)=11.22min)[α]D 25=-102.7(c=0.1in CHCl3).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.31(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.19-7.16(m,3H),7.09(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.99-6.94(m,2H),6.83(s,1H),3.18(s,1H),2.52-2.36(m,2H),2.30(s,3H),2.13(s,3H),1.12(t,J=7.6Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ204.0,202.8,162.1,140.9,138.2,137.8,132.9,129.2,128.7,127.9,127.3,125.2,118.5,103.3,78.9,21.2,17.2,13.8,12.9.HRMS(ESI)calculated for C23H23O2[M+H]+:331.1698,found:331.1643.(HPLC图见图2)。
实施实例3:
2c的合成:
Figure BDA0003665846700000071
氩气保护下向反应管中加入1c(0.1mmol,47mg),环戊基甲醚(2.0mL),手性催化剂Q9(15mol%,10.5mg),
Figure BDA0003665846700000072
分子筛(60mg),在室温下反应72小时,待反应完全,加入氯化铵(10mL)淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(10*3mL)合并有机相,减压浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析纯化得到2b(32.0mg,dr>19:1,收率:68%,84%ee)为油状液体.对映选择性由高效液相色谱(HPLC,手性柱:Daicel Chiralpak IA column;流动相:hexane/iPrOH=70:30,流速:1.0mL/min,λ=254nm,出峰时间:tR(major)=5.65min,tR(minor)=5.20min).[α]D 25=-76.7(c=0.1inCHCl3).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.12(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.60(s,1H),7.50(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.33-7.18(m,1H),7.1-6.95(m,4H),6.85(s,1H),6.80(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),3.14(s,1H),2.55-2.42(m,2H),2.19(s,3H),1.62(s,9H),1.15(t,J=7.6Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ203.1,202.6,161.7,149.5,140.3,136.3,132.5,128.6,127.9,127.5,127.4,124.6,123.8,122.7,120.7,120.6,116.7,115.4,103.3,83.9,76.5,28.3,17.3,13.9,12.9.HRMS(ESI)m/z calculated for C29H29NNaO4[M+Na]+:478.1989,found:478.1991.(HPLC图见图3)。
实施实例4:
2d的合成:
Figure BDA0003665846700000081
氩气保护下向反应管中加入1d(0.1mmol,30mg),环戊基甲醚(2.0mL),手性催化剂Q9(15mol%,10.5mg),
Figure BDA0003665846700000082
分子筛(60mg),在室温下反应72小时,待反应完全,加入氯化铵(10mL)淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(10*3mL)合并有机相,减压浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析纯化得到2d(27.0mg,dr>19:1,收率:90%,86%ee)为淡黄色固体,熔点:86-88℃;对映选择性由高效液相色谱(HPLC:手性柱:Daicel Chiralpak IC column;流动相:hexane/iPrOH=50:50,流速:1.0mL/min,λ=254nm,出峰时间:tR(major)=6.48min,tR(minor)=9.41min.86%ee).[α]D 25=-65.7(c=0.2in CHCl3).1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46-7.06(m,5H),5.84(s,1H),3.02(s,1H),2.49-2.34(m,2H),2.11(s,3H),1.12(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.81(s,9H).13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ204.6,197.8,163.8,141.5,139.9,128.3,127.7,125.1,116.7,112.1,78.3,33.8,30.0,17.1,13.6,13.0.HRMS(ESI)calculated for C20H25O2[M+H]+:297.1855,found:297.1850.(HPLC图见图4)。
实施例5
2a的合成:
氩气保护下向反应管中加入1a(0.1mmol,32mg),二氯甲烷(2.0mL),手性催化剂Q9(15mol%,10.5mg),
Figure BDA0003665846700000091
分子筛(60mg),在室温下反应72小时,待反应完全,加入氯化铵(10mL)淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(10*3mL)合并有机相,减压浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析纯化得到2a(29.1mg,dr>19:1,收率:91%,71%ee)为淡黄色固体.
实施例6
2a的合成:
氩气保护下向反应管中加入1a(0.1mmol,32mg),甲苯(2.0mL),手性催化剂Q9(15mol%,10.5mg),
Figure BDA0003665846700000092
分子筛(60mg),在室温下反应72小时,待反应完全,加入氯化铵(10mL)淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(10*3mL)合并有机相,减压浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析纯化得到2a(25.2mg,dr>19:1,收率:80%,75%ee)为淡黄色固体.
实施例7
2a的合成:
氩气保护下向反应管中加入1a(0.1mmol,32mg),环戊基甲醚(2.0mL),手性催化剂Q9(10mol%,7.0mg),
Figure BDA0003665846700000093
分子筛(60mg),在室温下反应72小时,待反应完全,加入氯化铵(10mL)淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(10*3mL)合并有机相,减压浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析纯化得到2a(16.8mg,dr>19:1,收率:50%,95%ee)为淡黄色固体.
实施例8
2a的合成:
氩气保护下向反应管中加入1a(0.1mmol,32mg),环戊基甲醚(2.0mL),手性催化剂Q9(20mol%,14.0mg),
Figure BDA0003665846700000101
分子筛(60mg),在室温下反应60小时,待反应完全,加入氯化铵(10mL)淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(10*3mL)合并有机相,减压浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析纯化得到2a(28.8mg,dr>19:1,收率:90%,95%ee)为淡黄色固体.
实施例9
2a的合成:
氩气保护下向反应管中加入1a(0.1mmol,32mg),环戊基甲醚(1.0mL,浓度0.1M),手性催化剂Q9(15mol%,10.5mg),
Figure BDA0003665846700000102
分子筛(60mg),在室温下反应72小时,待反应完全,加入氯化铵(10mL)淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(10*3mL)合并有机相,减压浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析纯化得到2a(25.8mg,dr>19:1,收率:80%,92%ee)为淡黄色固体.
实施例10
2a的合成:
氩气保护下向反应管中加入1a(0.1mmol,32mg),环戊基甲醚(4.0mL,浓度0.025M),手性催化剂Q9(15mol%,10.5mg),
Figure BDA0003665846700000103
分子筛(60mg),在室温下反应72小时,待反应完全,加入氯化铵(10mL)淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(10*3mL)合并有机相,减压浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析纯化得到2a(18.8mg,dr>19:1,收率:60%,95%ee)为淡黄色固体.
实施例11
2a的合成:
氩气保护下向反应管中加入1a(0.1mmol,32mg),环戊基甲醚(2.0mL),手性催化剂Q9(15mol%,10.5mg),
Figure BDA0003665846700000104
分子筛(30mg),在室温下反应72小时,待反应完全,加入氯化铵(10mL)淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(10*3mL)合并有机相,减压浓缩,粗产物通过柱层析纯化得到2a(27.0mg,dr>19:1,收率:88%,93%ee)为淡黄色固体.
所述实施例为本发明的优选的实施方式,但本发明并不限于上述实施方式,在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下,本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种有机催化Nazarov环化合成手性环戊烯酮类化合物的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:在手性硫脲催化剂的催化作用下,1,2-二酮化合物发生分子内Nazarov环化,得到手性环戊烯酮类化合物,结构式为
Figure FDA0003665846690000011
所述1,2-二酮底物的结构式:
Figure FDA0003665846690000012
其中,Ar为苯基或苯环上带有吸电子或者给电子的含芳基基团;R1为甲基、乙基或者正丙基中的一种;R2为甲基、乙基或者苄基中的一种;R3为烷基或芳基;手性硫脲结构式为:
Figure FDA0003665846690000013
手性硫脲结构式中R为H或OMe,R1为乙烯基或乙基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机催化Nazarov环化合成手性环戊烯酮类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述方法按照下述步骤进行,在氩气保护下,向反应瓶中加入1,2-二酮底物,加入手性硫脲催化剂,
Figure FDA0003665846690000014
Figure FDA0003665846690000015
分子筛和溶剂,在室温下搅拌反应,待反应完全,淬灭、纯化,得到所述手性环戊烯酮类化合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的有机催化Nazarov环化合成手性环戊烯酮类化合物的方法,其特征在于:硫脲催化剂用量为1,2-二酮底物当量的至少10%;
和/或,底物的反应浓度为0.025-0.1M;
和/或,所述溶剂为甲苯、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷或环戊基甲醚中的任意一种或几种的组合。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的有机催化Nazarov环化合成手性环戊烯酮类化合物的方法,其特征在于:硫脲催化剂用量为1,2-二酮底物当量的15%;
和/或,底物的反应浓度为0.05M;
和/或,所述溶剂为环戊基甲醚。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的有机催化Nazarov环化合成手性环戊烯酮类化合物的方法,其特征在于:R3为正丁基,叔丁基或环丙基。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的有机催化Nazarov环化合成手性环戊烯酮类化合物的方法,其特征在于:手性硫脲结构式为,
Figure FDA0003665846690000021
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KR20110005470A (ko) * 2009-07-10 2011-01-18 성균관대학교산학협력단 이작용성 비스 신코나 알칼로이드 티오우레아 유기 키랄 촉매 화합물, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 이용한 아즈락톤으로부터의 키랄 아미노산 제조방법

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