CN114982930B - Physiological and biochemical reaction device for scarlet star anise and production process - Google Patents
Physiological and biochemical reaction device for scarlet star anise and production process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114982930B CN114982930B CN202210584424.1A CN202210584424A CN114982930B CN 114982930 B CN114982930 B CN 114982930B CN 202210584424 A CN202210584424 A CN 202210584424A CN 114982930 B CN114982930 B CN 114982930B
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- 235000008227 Illicium verum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 240000007232 Illicium verum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000005842 biochemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 118
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
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- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/10—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/10—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
- A23L5/13—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying using water or steam
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a physiological biochemical reaction device for the physiology of a scarlet star anise, which comprises a boiler and a reaction chamber, wherein a stainless steel pore plate, a steam coil I and a steam coil II are arranged in the reaction chamber; the stainless steel pore plate is horizontally arranged in the reaction chamber; the steam coil I and the steam coil II are arranged below the stainless steel pore plate, and the steam coil II is arranged above the steam coil I; the boiler is connected with the steam coil I and the steam coil II respectively. The application also discloses a production process of the scarlet star anise: screening fresh star anise, and placing the star anise in a reaction chamber after enzyme deactivation; steam is provided for the reaction chamber through the boiler, the steam coil I heats the reaction chamber, and the steam coil II adjusts the humidity in the reaction chamber, so that the star anise performs sectional physiological biochemical reaction; and (5) drying after the reaction is finished to obtain the scarlet star anise. The physiological biochemical reaction device has high reaction efficiency, large treatment capacity and low cost; the star anise prepared by the production process is red, reddish brown or reddish brown, has aromatic smell, does not have blackening and mildew in preparation, and has high economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of star anise processing, and particularly relates to a physiological and biochemical reaction device and a production process of a scarlet star anise.
Background
The Illicium verum hook.f. is a broad-leaved tree of evergreen arbor of Illicium (Illiciaceae), the tree height can reach 20m, and the Illicium verum hook.f. is a special spice and medicinal tree species with quick growth, long service life and high economic value in the southern subtropical region of China. The star anise fruit is usually integrated by eight apophyseal fruits. The fruit is light brown or reddish brown, the pericarp is fat, and the front end of the single-petal fruit is blunt or blunt-tipped. Has strong fragrance and sweet taste. The star anise fruit is a famous flavoring spice, has fragrant and sweet taste, can be directly used in daily flavoring, such as stewing, boiling, pickling, marinating, soaking and the like, can be directly processed into spiced flavoring powder, can be used as a flavoring, is also used for medicine, contains aromatic oil, fatty oil, protein, resin and the like, has the functions of dispelling wind and regulating qi and regulating stomach, regulating stomach and the like, has the effects of warming yang and dispelling cold, regulating qi and relieving pain in traditional medicines, is used for treating middle-cold vomiting, abdominal cold pain, stomach distension and the like, and also has the functions of invigorating stomach, dispelling wind, easing pain, regulating middle-cold and regulating qi, dispelling cold and dampness, treating dyspepsia, neurasthenia and the like. Can also be used as an important raw material of daily chemical products such as perfume, toothpaste, soap, cosmetics and the like in industry.
The star anise with big red is harvested in autumn maturity, sun-dried or baked after the green removing treatment, and has large shape, thick and short angle valve, brownish red or brown color and aromatic smell in sense, and has higher nutritive value and economic benefit. In the prior art, the processing method of the star anise with the scarlet color mainly adopts the steps of directly carrying out natural drying after enzyme deactivation, such as sun drying or high temperature, wind power and the like, or adopting heat source drying, such as a soil oven bed micro-fire baking method, a soil kiln baking method, a mechanical baking method, a sulfur fumigation method and the like to carry out drying treatment on the star anise, and the use of the method has some problems, although oxidase in the star anise tissue can be destroyed by enzyme deactivation, substances such as fiber, protein, starch and the like are solidified, the permeability of the tissue is increased, and meanwhile, the method has the functions of cleaning and sterilization. At that time, in the enzyme deactivation process, the semi-permeable membrane of the cells of the star anise is destroyed, and the phenomena of cell expansion pressure loss, cell separation and the like are generated, so that the diffusion of moisture in the star anise is quickened, and the activities of substances such as oxidase, oxidase protease and the like which cause browning are also restrained, so that the color change of the star anise is not facilitated, and the color and the aroma of the scarlet star anise product prepared by enzyme deactivation and drying are poor, and the product quality is unstable. By adopting the sulfur smoking method, although the prepared scarlet star anise has better color, sulfur remains in the star anise, if the sulfur remains are improperly treated, the sulfur remains are out of standard, the damage is caused to human bodies, and the life health safety is threatened.
In addition, at present, no special equipment aiming at the physiological and biochemical reaction of the star anise exists, so that the reaction environment condition cannot be accurately controlled during the physiological and biochemical reaction of the star anise, and the problems of low reaction speed, low efficiency, small treatment capacity, high cost and the like of the physiological and biochemical reaction exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a physiological and biochemical reaction device and a production process of a scarlet star anise, which are used for solving the technical problems of slow reaction, low efficiency, small treatment capacity of the physiological and biochemical reaction device of the star anise, poor color and luster of the prepared scarlet star anise and insufficient fragrance in the prior art.
The physiological biochemical reaction device comprises a boiler and a reaction chamber, wherein a stainless steel pore plate, a steam coil I and a steam coil II are arranged in the reaction chamber; the stainless steel pore plate is horizontally arranged at the lower part in the reaction chamber; the steam coil I and the steam coil II are horizontally arranged below the stainless steel pore plate, and the steam coil II is arranged above the steam coil I; the boiler is respectively connected with the steam coil I and the steam coil II, the reaction chamber is heated through the steam coil I, and the humidity in the reaction chamber is regulated through the steam coil II; the tail end of the steam coil I extends out of the left side of the reaction chamber; the tail end of the steam coil II extends to the right side of the reaction chamber.
Further, a collector is arranged above the top of the boiler; a humidity regulator is arranged above the top of the reaction chamber; the reaction chamber, the humidity regulator, the collector and the boiler are connected in sequence.
Further, steam coils III are respectively arranged on the front side wall and the rear side wall of the reaction chamber; the boiler is connected with a steam coil III and provides steam, and the tail steam coil III extends to the right side of the reaction chamber respectively.
Further, 2 groups of small holes are respectively arranged on the steam coil II and the steam coil III.
The circulating system comprises an air outlet fan, an air supply fan and a circulating fan cover; the air outlet fan and the air supply fan are arranged on the same side wall of the reaction chamber and are respectively positioned above and below the stainless steel pore plate; the circulating fan cover is hollow, interfaces corresponding to the air outlet fan and the air supply fan are respectively arranged, and the air outlet fan and the air supply fan are respectively covered by the corresponding interfaces to form internal circulation.
Further, the air outlet fan is provided with 2 groups from top to bottom, and the circulating fan cover is correspondingly provided with an interface.
Further, the material basket comprises a bracket and a net bag; the net bag is fixedly arranged on the bracket.
Further, the material basket can be stacked in multiple layers.
A production process of a scarlet star anise comprises the following steps: screening fresh star anise, and placing the star anise on a stainless steel pore plate in a reaction chamber after enzyme deactivation; steam is supplied to the reaction chamber through a boiler, the reaction chamber is heated by the steam coil I, and the humidity in the reaction chamber is regulated by the steam coil II, so that the star anise performs sectional physiological biochemical reaction; and (5) drying after the reaction is finished to obtain the scarlet star anise.
Further, the segmented physiological and biochemical reaction comprises three stages: the temperature of the first stage is 40-50 ℃, the humidity is 30-50%, and the reaction time is 5-6h; the second stage is at 50-80 deg.c, humidity 80-150% and reaction time 8-16 hr; the third stage has temperature of 80-100deg.C, humidity of 50-80%, and reaction time of 3-5 hr.
Further, the de-enzyming temperature is 80-100 ℃ and the time is 5-20min
Further, the drying temperature is 50-80 ℃ and the drying time is 8-12h
The physiological and biochemical reaction device of the application has the working mode that:
preparing a plurality of material baskets according to the treatment capacity, placing the de-enzymed star anise on a net bag of the material basket, stacking the material baskets in a plurality of layers, placing the material baskets in a reaction chamber, and placing the material baskets on a stainless steel pore plate;
starting a boiler to introduce steam into the reaction chamber, and heating through a steam coil I; the humidity in the reaction chamber is regulated through a steam coil II and a steam coil III; when the humidity in the reaction chamber exceeds the requirement, the humidity in the reaction chamber is reduced through a humidity regulator, and the collector recovers the steam and returns to the boiler for recycling; the air outlet fan of the circulating system pumps the wet air in the reaction chamber into the air outlet cover, and then the wet air is sent back into the reaction chamber through the air supply fan, so that the ambient temperature and humidity in the reaction chamber are more uniform.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
1. the physiological biochemical reaction device can perform physiological biochemical reaction on the star anise, accelerate the decomposition of chlorophyll of the star anise, increase the synthesis of anthocyanin and carotenoid, promote the formation of pigment, achieve the aim of obtaining the red star anise with color and aroma meeting the standards, and have good product quality.
2. The physiological biochemical reaction device can realize the adjustment of temperature and humidity through the steam coil I and the steam coil II; the humidity regulator can accurately control the temperature and the humidity; the arrangement of the steam coil III and the circulating air system can lead the conditions of the ambient temperature and the humidity to be more uniform, improve the physiological and biochemical reaction efficiency and obtain the scarlet star anise with better quality and appearance; the collector can recycle the steam into the boiler, so that the production cost is reduced, and the resource utilization rate is improved; the octagonal material basket is arranged on the stainless steel pore plate, so that uniform heating can be realized, the reaction is sufficient, the material basket can be stacked, the treatment capacity is improved, the treatment efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced; meanwhile, the reaction chamber can also be used as a drying room, and can be directly dried.
3. The application carries out physiological and biochemical reactions on the star anise by a sectional regulation mode, and the temperature, the humidity and the time of each stage are divided into three different stages, so that the selection of the temperature, the humidity and the time of each stage is scientific and reasonable, the over-high temperature in the processing process is avoided, the dehydration speed of the star anise is over-high, the product is blackened or the temperature is over-low, the star anise has poor color and luster and is white and green, and the generation of the fragrant substances is slow. The sectional type physiological biochemical reaction enables the star anise to enter the next stage after the complete reaction in each stage, so that the physiological biochemical reaction of the star anise is completely carried out, the sectional type temperature, humidity and time control can also enable pigment substances in the star anise to be uniformly diffused, the star anise obtained after drying is reddish brown or reddish brown, the color is reddish brown or reddish brown, the star anise product phase is better, the color requirement of the scarlet star anise is met, blackening and mildew do not exist in the production process, and the product quality is stable. And under the common influence of temperature and humidity, the aromatic substances in the star anise are protected from being destroyed.
4. The application prepares the star anise with the advantages of no addition of any harmful components and substances in the preparation process, ensuring the safety of the star anise product, simple preparation process and reducing the preparation cost through screening, enzyme deactivation, physiological and biochemical reaction and drying.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a physiological biochemical reaction apparatus according to the present application
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a steam coil I, a steam coil II and a steam coil III of the physiological and biochemical reaction device of the application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a stainless steel orifice plate of the physiological and biochemical reaction device of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of steam coil II and steam coil III of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the circulation system of the present application
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the material basket of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the material basket of the present application.
The numbers and designations in the figures are as follows:
1-a boiler; 2-a collector; 3-a humidity regulator; 4-a reaction chamber; 5-steam coil I; 6-steam coil II; 7-stainless steel pore plates; 8-small holes; 9-an air outlet fan; 10-an air outlet cover; 11-a bracket; 12-net bag; 13-steam coil III; 14-an air supply fan.
Detailed Description
Before the embodiments of the application are explained in further detail, it is to be understood that the application is not limited in its scope to the particular embodiments described below; it is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the application.
Example 1
The physiological biochemical reaction device for the scarlet star anise comprises a boiler 1 and a reaction chamber 4, wherein a stainless steel pore plate 7, a steam coil I5 and a steam coil II 6 are arranged in the reaction chamber 4; the stainless steel pore plate 7 is horizontally arranged at the lower part in the reaction chamber 4; the steam coil I5 and the steam coil II 6 are horizontally arranged below the stainless steel pore plate 7, and the steam coil II 6 is arranged above the steam coil I5; the boiler 1 is respectively connected with a steam coil I5 and a steam coil II 6, the reaction chamber 4 is heated through the steam coil I5, and the humidity in the reaction chamber 4 is regulated through the steam coil II 6; the tail end of the steam coil I5 extends out of the left side of the reaction chamber 4; the tail end of the steam coil II 6 extends to the right side of the reaction chamber 4.
A collector 2 is arranged above the top of the boiler 1; a humidity regulator 3 is arranged above the top of the reaction chamber 4; the reaction chamber 4, the humidity regulator 3, the collector 2 and the boiler 1 are connected in sequence.
Steam coils III 13 are respectively arranged on the front side wall and the rear side wall in the reaction chamber 4; the boiler 1 is connected with a steam coil III 13 and supplies steam, and the tail steam coil III 13 extends to the right side of the reaction chamber 4 respectively.
And 2 groups of small holes 8 are respectively arranged on the steam coil II 6 and the steam coil III 13.
The circulating system comprises an air outlet fan 9, an air supply fan 14 and a circulating fan cover 10; the air outlet fan 9 and the air supply fan 14 are arranged on the same side wall of the reaction chamber 4 and are respectively positioned above and below the stainless steel pore plate 7; the circulation fan cover 10 is hollow, and is provided with interfaces corresponding to the air outlet fan 9 and the air supply fan 14, and covers the air outlet fan 9 and the air supply fan 14 through the corresponding interfaces to form internal circulation.
The air outlet fan 9 is provided with 2 groups from top to bottom, and the circulating fan cover 10 is correspondingly provided with interfaces.
The material basket comprises a bracket 11 and a net bag 12; the net bag 12 is fixedly arranged on the bracket 11.
The material basket can be stacked in multiple layers.
The production process of the star anise with the big red color, which is applied to the physiological and biochemical reaction device, comprises the following steps: screening fresh star anise, deactivating enzyme at 90 ℃ for 10min, placing star anise on material baskets, placing a plurality of material baskets according to the treatment capacity, stacking the material baskets in a plurality of layers, and placing the material baskets on a stainless steel pore plate 7 in a reaction chamber 4; the boiler 1 supplies steam to the reaction chamber 4 through a steam coil I5, a steam coil II 6 and a steam coil III 13, the steam coil I5 heats the reaction chamber 4, the steam coil II 6 and the steam coil III 13 regulate the humidity in the reaction chamber 4, the temperature of the first stage is 40 ℃, the humidity is 45%, and the reaction time is 5 hours; the second stage is carried out at 65 ℃ with 140% humidity and 14 hours of reaction time; the temperature of the third stage is 80 ℃, the humidity is 75%, and the reaction time is 3h; making star anise undergo the process of physiological biochemical reaction; when the humidity in the reaction chamber 4 exceeds the requirement, the humidity in the reaction chamber 4 is reduced through the humidity regulator 3, and the collector 2 recovers the steam and returns to the boiler 1; after the reaction is finished, keeping the interior of the reaction chamber 4 dry, adjusting the temperature to 80 ℃, and drying for 9 hours to obtain the scarlet star anise.
Example 2
The production process of the star anise with the big red color adopts the physiological and biochemical reaction device as shown in the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps: screening fresh star anise, deactivating enzyme at 80 ℃ for 5min, placing star anise on material baskets, placing a plurality of material baskets according to the treatment capacity, stacking the material baskets in a plurality of layers, and placing the material baskets on a stainless steel pore plate 7 in a reaction chamber 4; the boiler 1 supplies steam to the reaction chamber 4 through a steam coil I5, a steam coil II 6 and a steam coil III 13, the steam coil I5 heats the reaction chamber 4, the steam coil II 6 and the steam coil III 13 regulate the humidity in the reaction chamber 4, the temperature in the first stage is 40 ℃, the humidity is 30%, and the reaction time is 6 hours; the second stage is carried out at 50 ℃, the humidity is 100%, and the reaction time is 10 hours; the temperature of the third stage is 85 ℃, the humidity is 80%, and the reaction time is 5 hours; making star anise undergo the process of physiological biochemical reaction; when the humidity in the reaction chamber 4 exceeds the requirement, the humidity in the reaction chamber 4 is reduced through the humidity regulator 3, and the collector 2 recovers the steam and returns to the boiler 1; after the reaction is finished, keeping the interior of the reaction chamber 4 dry, adjusting the temperature to 55 ℃, and drying for 12 hours to obtain the scarlet star anise.
Example 3
The production process of the star anise with the big red color adopts the physiological and biochemical reaction device as shown in the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps: screening fresh star anise, deactivating enzyme at 80 ℃ for 15 min, placing star anise on material baskets, placing a plurality of material baskets according to the treatment capacity, stacking the material baskets in a plurality of layers, and placing the material baskets on a stainless steel pore plate 7 in a reaction chamber 4; the boiler 1 supplies steam to the reaction chamber 4 through a steam coil I5, a steam coil II 6 and a steam coil III 13, the steam coil I5 heats the reaction chamber 4, the steam coil II 6 and the steam coil III 13 regulate and increase the humidity in the reaction chamber 4, the temperature in the first stage is 45 ℃, the humidity is 50%, and the reaction time is 5 hours; the second stage is at 60 ℃, the humidity is 120%, and the reaction time is 12h; the temperature of the third stage is 80 ℃, the humidity is 60%, and the reaction time is 4h, so that the star anise performs physiological and biochemical reactions; when the humidity in the reaction chamber 4 exceeds the requirement, the humidity in the reaction chamber 4 is reduced through the humidity regulator 3, and the collector 2 recovers the steam and returns to the boiler 1; after the reaction is finished, keeping the interior of the reaction chamber 4 dry, adjusting the temperature to 60 ℃, and drying for 1 hour to obtain the scarlet star anise;
example 4
The production process of the star anise with the big red color adopts the physiological and biochemical reaction device as shown in the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps: screening fresh star anises, deactivating enzymes at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 20min, placing the star anises on material baskets after deactivating enzymes, placing a plurality of material baskets according to the treatment capacity, stacking the material baskets in a plurality of layers, and then placing the material baskets on a stainless steel pore plate 7 in a reaction chamber 4; the boiler 1 supplies steam to the reaction chamber 4 through a steam coil I5, a steam coil II 6 and a steam coil III 13, the steam coil I5 heats the reaction chamber 4, the steam coil II 6 and the steam coil III 13 regulate and increase the humidity in the reaction chamber 4, the temperature in the first stage is 45 ℃, the humidity is 35%, and the reaction time is 6 hours; the second stage temperature is 55 ℃, the humidity is 90%, and the reaction time is 8 hours; the temperature of the third stage is 90 ℃, the humidity is 70%, and the reaction time is 3 hours, so that the star anise performs physiological and biochemical reactions; when the humidity in the reaction chamber 4 exceeds the requirement, the humidity in the reaction chamber 4 is reduced through the humidity regulator 3, and the collector 2 recovers the steam and returns to the boiler 1; after the reaction is finished, keeping the interior of the reaction chamber 4 dry, adjusting the temperature to 70 ℃, and drying for 10 hours to obtain the scarlet star anise;
example 5
The production process of the star anise with the big red color adopts the physiological and biochemical reaction device as shown in the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps: screening fresh star anise, deactivating enzyme at 85 ℃ for 10min, placing star anise on material baskets, placing a plurality of material baskets according to the treatment capacity, stacking the material baskets in a plurality of layers, and placing the material baskets on a stainless steel pore plate 7 in a reaction chamber 4; the boiler 1 supplies steam to the reaction chamber 4 through a steam coil I5, a steam coil II 6 and a steam coil III 13, the steam coil I5 heats the reaction chamber 4, the steam coil II 6 and the steam coil III 13 regulate and increase the humidity in the reaction chamber 4, the temperature in the first stage is 50 ℃, the humidity is 40%, and the reaction time is 5 hours; the second stage is carried out at 70 ℃, the humidity is 80%, and the reaction time is 16h; the temperature of the third stage is 95 ℃, the humidity is 55%, and the reaction time is 4h, so that the star anise performs physiological and biochemical reactions; when the humidity in the reaction chamber 4 exceeds the requirement, the humidity in the reaction chamber 4 is reduced through the humidity regulator 3, and the collector 2 recovers the steam and returns to the boiler 1; after the reaction is finished, the reaction chamber 4 is kept to be dried, the temperature is adjusted to 65 ℃, and the reaction chamber is dried for 1 hour to obtain the scarlet star anise.
Example 6
The production process of the star anise with the big red color adopts the physiological and biochemical reaction device as shown in the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps: screening fresh star anise, deactivating enzyme at 95 ℃ for 5min, placing star anise on material baskets, placing a plurality of material baskets according to the treatment capacity, stacking the material baskets in a plurality of layers, and placing the material baskets on a stainless steel pore plate 7 in a reaction chamber 4; the boiler 1 supplies steam to the reaction chamber 4 through a steam coil I5, a steam coil II 6 and a steam coil III 13, the steam coil I5 heats the reaction chamber 4, the steam coil II 6 and the steam coil III 13 regulate and increase the humidity in the reaction chamber 4, the temperature in the first stage is 45 ℃, the humidity is 40%, and the reaction time is 6 hours; the second stage is at 80 ℃, the humidity is 150%, and the reaction time is 15h; the temperature of the third stage is 100 ℃, the humidity is 50%, and the reaction time is 5 hours, so that the star anise performs physiological and biochemical reactions; when the humidity in the reaction chamber 4 exceeds the requirement, the humidity in the reaction chamber 4 is reduced through the humidity regulator 3, and the collector 2 recovers the steam and returns to the boiler 1; after the reaction is finished, keeping the interior of the reaction chamber 4 dry, adjusting the temperature to 50 ℃, and drying 8h to obtain the scarlet star anise;
comparative example 1
Substantially the same as in example 3, except that no physiological biochemical reaction was performed.
Comparative example 2
Substantially the same as in example 3, except that the physiological and biochemical reaction was not carried out in stages, the star anise was reacted for 5 hours at a temperature of 45℃and a humidity of 50%.
Comparative example 3
Substantially the same as in example 3, except that the physiological and biochemical reaction was not segmented, the star anise was reacted for 12 hours only at a temperature of 60℃and a humidity of 120%.
Comparative example 4
Substantially the same as in example 3, except that the physiological and biochemical reaction was not segmented, the star anise was reacted for 4 hours at a temperature of 80℃and a humidity of 60%.
Comparative example 5
Substantially the same as in example 3, except that the physiological biochemical reaction was carried out in two stages, the first stage temperature was 45 ℃, the humidity was 50%, and the reaction time was 5 hours; the second stage temperature is 60 ℃, the humidity is 120 percent, and the reaction time is 12 hours.
Comparative example 6
Substantially the same as in example 3, except that the physiological biochemical reaction was carried out in two stages, the first stage temperature was 60 ℃, the humidity was 120%, and the reaction time was 12 hours; the second stage temperature is 80 ℃, the humidity is 60%, and the reaction time is 4h.
Comparative example 7
Substantially the same as in example 3, except that the physiological biochemical reaction was carried out in two stages, the first stage temperature was 45 ℃, the humidity was 50%, and the reaction time was 5 hours; the second stage has temperature of 80deg.C, humidity of 60% and reaction time of 4 hr, and can make fructus Anisi Stellati perform physiological biochemical reaction.
Sensory evaluation experiment of scarlet star anise
The appearance and smell of the scarlet star anise prepared in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 7 were observed, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 bright red star anise appearance and odor
As can be seen from Table 1, the reddish star anise prepared in examples 1-6 is standard red, reddish brown or brown, has a fragrant and durable smell, is free from blackening and mildew in the preparation process, and meets the quality standard of the reddish star anise. In comparative example 1, in which no physiological biochemical reaction was performed, the color of the fruit was green and white, the area was large, the smell was extremely light, the fruit was blackened and mildewed, and the area was large; comparative examples 2 to 4, which only use one-time heating to perform physiological and biochemical reactions, have green color, large area and large area, and have light smell, and the products are easy to blacken and mold and do not meet the standard of the reddish star anise compared with examples 1 to 6; the physiological and biochemical reaction only adopts the fruits of the two-section heating comparative examples 5-7 to be yellowish, the area is smaller, but the color requirement of the reddish star anise is not met, and compared with the examples 1-6, the smell is lighter, the product has blackening, and the standard of the reddish star anise is not met as a whole.
This is because the temperature and humidity have an important influence on the physiological and biochemical reaction of the star anise after deactivation of enzymes and the formation of the color of the finished product. The temperature is too high, the dehydration speed is too high, the color of the product is too black and the product is deposited quickly; the temperature is too low, the color of the product is not changed, and the product is white and green; uneven heating can cause defects in the product. The sectional temperature, humidity and time control can enable pigment substances in the star anise to be uniformly diffused, so that the star anise is better in quality, and under the common influence of the temperature and the humidity, the fragrance substances in the star anise are protected from being damaged.
Therefore, the sectional physiological and biochemical reaction of the application is adopted to control the temperature, the humidity and the reaction time in three stages, and the reddish star anise with red, reddish brown or reddish brown color, aromatic smell and no blackening and mildew can be prepared.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present application and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the application. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the application be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (4)
1. A technology for producing scarlet star anise by using a physiological biochemical device is characterized in that: screening fresh star anises, and placing the star anises on a stainless steel pore plate (7) in a reaction chamber (4) after fixation; steam is supplied to the reaction chamber (4) through the boiler (1), the steam coil I (5) heats the reaction chamber (4), and the steam coil II (6) regulates the humidity in the reaction chamber (4) to enable the star anise to perform sectional physiological biochemical reaction; drying after the reaction is finished to obtain the scarlet star anise;
the segmented physiological and biochemical reaction comprises three stages: the temperature of the first stage is 40-50 ℃, the humidity is 30-50%, and the reaction time is 5-6h; the second stage is at 50-80 deg.c, humidity 80-150% and reaction time 8-16 hr; the temperature of the third stage is 80-100 ℃, the humidity is 50-80%, and the reaction time is 3-5h;
the physiological biochemical device comprises a boiler (1) and a reaction chamber (4), wherein a stainless steel pore plate (7), a steam coil I (5) and a steam coil II (6) are arranged in the reaction chamber (4); the stainless steel pore plate (7) is horizontally arranged at the lower part in the reaction chamber (4); the steam coil I (5) and the steam coil II (6) are horizontally arranged below the stainless steel pore plate (7), and the steam coil II (6) is arranged above the steam coil I (5); the boiler (1) is respectively connected with a steam coil I (5) and a steam coil II (6), the reaction chamber (4) is heated through the steam coil I (5), and the humidity in the reaction chamber (4) is regulated through the steam coil II (6); the tail end of the steam coil I (5) extends out of the left side of the reaction chamber (4); the tail end of the steam coil II (6) extends to the right side of the reaction chamber (4); a collector (2) is arranged above the top of the boiler (1); a humidity regulator (3) is arranged above the top of the reaction chamber (4); the reaction chamber (4), the humidity regulator (3), the collector (2) and the boiler (1) are connected in sequence; steam coils III (13) are respectively arranged on the front side wall and the rear side wall in the reaction chamber (4); the boiler (1) is connected with a steam coil III (13) and provides steam, and the tail steam coil III (13) extends to the right side of the reaction chamber (4) respectively; 2 groups of small holes (8) are respectively arranged on the steam coil II (6) and the steam coil III (13); the circulating system comprises an air outlet fan (9), an air supply fan (14) and a circulating fan cover (10); the air outlet fan (9) and the air supply fan (14) are arranged on the same side wall of the reaction chamber (4) and are respectively positioned above and below the stainless steel pore plate (7); the circulating fan cover (10) is hollow, interfaces corresponding to the air outlet fan (9) and the air supply fan (14) are respectively arranged, and the air outlet fan (9) and the air supply fan (14) are respectively covered by the corresponding interfaces to form internal circulation.
2. The process for producing scarlet star anise using physiological and biochemical means according to claim 1, wherein: the air outlet fan (9) is provided with 2 groups from top to bottom, and the circulating fan cover (10) is correspondingly provided with an interface.
3. The process for producing scarlet star anise using physiological and biochemical means according to claim 1, wherein: the material basket comprises a bracket (11) and a net bag (12); the net bag (12) is fixedly arranged on the bracket (11).
4. A process for producing scarlet star anise using physiological and biochemical means according to claim 3, characterized in that: the material basket can be stacked in multiple layers.
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