CN114982773A - 一种壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球、含有其的饵剂及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球、含有其的饵剂及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114982773A CN114982773A CN202210324487.3A CN202210324487A CN114982773A CN 114982773 A CN114982773 A CN 114982773A CN 202210324487 A CN202210324487 A CN 202210324487A CN 114982773 A CN114982773 A CN 114982773A
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- chitosan
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- carboxymethyl chitosan
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Classifications
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- A01N31/08—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种壳聚糖‑羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球、含有其的饵剂及制备方法和应用,该壳聚糖‑羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球由以下质量百分比的原料制成:农药活性成份0.1~0.5%,壳聚糖0.12‑0.3%,羧甲基壳聚糖0.16‑0.4%,乳化剂0.1‑0.2%,交联剂0.1‑0.15%、醋酸0.4‑0.8%,有机溶剂1~5%,余量为水;所述壳聚糖‑羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球为水包油分散体系,微球粒径在45‑150nm之间;所述农药活性成份与所述有机溶剂混合成为油相,所述壳聚糖和所述羧甲基壳聚糖与水混合成为水相。该纳米微球对环境污染小,提高了农药的有效利用率和对白蚁的防治效果。同时制备的灭杀白蚁的饵剂不受环境影响,且工蚁将其搬运至蚁巢后达到全巢灭杀的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及白蚁防治技术领域,更具体的说是涉及一种壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球、含有其的饵剂及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
白蚁是地球上最古老的社会性昆虫之一,在地球上的生存历史至少有1.3亿年以上,在昆虫分类系统上属于比较原始的等翅目。同时,白蚁是世界性的害虫,白蚁繁殖力强、危害性大,且活动隐蔽不易被发现,被国际昆虫生理生态研究中心(ICTPE)列为世界性五大害虫之一。全世界每年用于防治白蚁至少花费200亿美元,我国每年因白蚁危害造成的经济损失达17-20亿元,主要包括危害房屋建筑物、危害水利堤坝、危害管线设施以及危害农林植物这4个方面。黑翅土是为害农林植物最严重的白蚁之一,可危害多种农作物和林木。
黑翅土白蚁对农林植物的危害性很大,我国长江以南地区黑翅土白蚁为害十分普遍和严重,常导致树木蛀空、材积和材质下降,林木死株率高达14-50%。土白蚁为害农林植物主要有以下形式:
(1)在树干上修筑蚁路,白蚁在蚁路内取食树皮,严重为害后树木生长逐渐减弱,抗性变差。此外,为害痕迹明显,影响景观效果。
(2)为害植物根或根茎部,造成受害植株枯死。
国内外当前普遍采用以下灭杀白蚁的方法,均存在一定缺点:
一是挖巢法灭杀黑翅土白蚁。这种方法需要专业人士判断黑翅土白蚁巢穴的位置,黑翅土白蚁巢穴通常在地下2m以下,挖巢工作量极大;同时,挖巢会破坏地表土层或其它植被,对园林环境的影响较大;
二是在压烟法熏杀黑翅土白蚁。这种方法需要专业人士判断黑翅土白蚁主蚁道的位置,也会破坏地表土层或其它植被,对园林环境的影响较大;
三是将常规商品农药粉剂,喷洒在地表、树干上的蚁路里或者是被引诱到引诱坑里活动的白蚁工蚁上,这种方法只能杀死浅层的白蚁,不能根本上解决白蚁的危害;
因此,目前的白蚁防治方法都存一定局限性。设计出更加安全、高效的白蚁饵剂,进而提高防效,减少对环境的污染,提高对使用者的安全,在白蚁不断蔓延的大背景下尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于避免现有技术中的不足之处而提供一种灭杀白蚁的壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球,该纳米微球对环境污染小,提高了农药的有效利用率。使用后,该纳米微球降低了对非靶标生物的影响,增加了对白蚁的防治效果,最终达到野外防控白蚁的目的。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球,所述由以下质量百分比的原料制成:农药活性成份0.1~0.5%,壳聚糖0.12-0.3%,羧甲基壳聚糖0.16-0.4%,0.1-0.2%乳化剂,交联剂0.1-0.15%、醋酸0.4-0.8%,有机溶剂1~5%,余量为水;所述壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球为水包油分散体系,微球粒径在45-150nm之间;所述农药活性成份与所述有机溶剂混合成为油相,所述壳聚糖和所述羧甲基壳聚糖与水混合成为水相。
优选的,所述有机溶剂为甲醇、丙酮、乙醇、二氯甲烷等溶解农药有效成分的溶剂;所述交联剂为戊二醇或三聚磷酸钠(TPP)等交联剂。
本发明还提供了上述壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)将计量好的壳聚糖溶解于醋酸中,超声震荡,得到第一溶液;
2)将计量好的农药活性成分加入有机溶液中溶解,加入乳化剂,得到第二溶液;
3)将计量好的交联剂戊二醇溶解于水中,得到0.5%戊二醇溶液,第三溶液;
4)将计量好的羧甲基壳聚糖溶解于水中,得到第四溶液;
5)将第一溶液放入磁力搅拌水浴锅里,在45℃下水浴5min;再缓慢滴入第二溶液,继续水浴30min;然后再缓慢滴入第三溶液,继续水浴30min;最后再缓慢滴入第四溶液,继续水浴2h,得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球溶液;
6)将得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药微球溶液离心、干燥后得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球。
优选的,步骤1)中所述壳聚糖占第一溶液的质量百分比为0.3-0.6%;步骤3)中所述交联剂占第二溶液的质量百分比为0.5%;步骤4)中所述羧甲基壳聚糖占第四溶液的质量百分比为0.4%;所述壳聚糖与羧甲基壳聚糖的质量比为3:4。
本发明的另一目的是利用上述壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球提供一种灭杀白蚁的饵剂,该饵剂对环境污染小,提高了农药的有效利用率,制备方法简单易实现,所述材料易获取,成本低。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种灭杀白蚁的饵剂,由以下质量百分比的原料制成:壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球2.05~10.1%,植物材料70~80%,甜味剂8~15%,粘合剂5~10%,引诱剂0.05%~0.1%,交联剂0.05%~0.1%,防腐剂0.5%~1%;
以上原料充分混合后灌入模具,压实,烘干。
优选的,所述农药活性成分为:联苯菊酯、吡虫啉、氟虫腈、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氰戊菊酯、鱼藤酮、印楝素、苦参碱中的一种。
优选的,所述引诱剂为对苯二酚、尿素中的一种。
优选的,所述防腐剂为山梨酸钾、对羟基苯甲酸酯、脱氧乙酸钠中的一种。
优选的,所述粘合剂为卡拉胶、明胶、聚乙烯醇中的一种。
优选的,所述甜味剂为白砂糖、蜂蜜、葡萄糖和蔗糖中的一种或多种混合。
优选的,所述植物材料为玉微晶纤维素粉、小米粉、松木粉、桉木粉、玉米芯粉中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了上述饵剂的制备方法,将计量好的壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球、甜味剂、植物材料、交联剂、引诱剂、防腐剂依次加入搅拌机中充分搅拌得到混合物;
用去离子水溶解粘合剂,得到粘合剂水溶剂,并将粘合剂水溶剂加入到混合物中充分搅拌,最后倒入长5-8cm,宽2-4cm,高2-4cm的模具中,压制;
在60℃的恒温干燥机中烘干24h,即得灭杀白蚁的饵剂。
本发明的目的之三在于避免现有技术中的不足之处而提供一种灭杀白蚁的方法,该方法简单容易操作,灭杀效果显著。
本发明的目的之三通过以下技术方案实现:
一种灭杀白蚁的饵剂方法灭杀白蚁的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)挖一个土坑在坑底铺上木板,木板为松木板、桉木板、椴木板、桐木板中的任意一种或多种;
(2)在木板上放置2~3根载药饵料;
(3)盖上具有一定斜度的盖板。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明提出了一种全新的防治白蚁的产品,制备了一种灭杀白蚁的壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球,该纳米微球对环境污染小,提高了农药的有效利用率。使用后,该纳米微球降低了对非靶标生物的影响,增加了对白蚁的防治效果。同时,利用壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球制备了一种环保、高效的灭杀白蚁的饵剂,把壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球与植物材料、甜味剂、粘合剂、引诱剂和防腐剂充分混合后灌入模具,混合物灌入模具后容易形成块状,结合模具本身的形状,压制成型,并将饵剂放入引诱坑中,这样饵剂不易受到雨水、大风等天气的影响,农药活性成分不易因光照而分解,可以全天候用药,即使是雨天、大风天也可以使用。白蚁工蚁取食后,直接搬运固体食物供蚁巢内部的白蚁取食,将农药活性成分传遍整个蚁巢,直接灭杀蚁后进而达到灭杀白蚁的效果。该饵剂能显著提高农药活性成分的有效利用率,提高防治效果,降低农药用量,降低施药成本。
本发明的饵剂的制备方法所采用的设备简单,不需要使用复杂设备,操作简便,材料容易获取,成本低。
本发明的饵剂药效持久,饵剂在地表以下,其中农药活性成分减少了与阳光、雨水、空气的直接接触,避免了分解、失效;
本发明的饵剂对环境安全,相对于其他农药剂型,本发明的饵剂在制备过程中使用了极少有机溶剂,极大的降低了对环境的危害。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
灭杀白蚁的饵剂,由以下质量的原料制成:
吡虫啉原药0.005g、松木粉37g、白砂糖5g、尿素0.05g、聚乙烯醇5g、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.25g、壳聚糖1.07g、羧甲基壳聚糖1.43g、醋酸3.57ml、戊二醇0.54ml、吐温800.24ml、司班200.12ml、5ml丙酮、去离子水921.28ml。
制备方法:
按上述灭杀白蚁饵剂的质量称取各原料;
将1.07g壳聚糖溶解于357.14ml的1%醋酸水溶液中,超声震荡2h,得到0.3%壳聚糖溶液,第一溶液;
将0.005g吡虫啉原药溶于5ml丙酮,得到第一溶液;加入0.24ml吐温80,0.12ml司班20,得到第二溶液;
将0.54ml戊二醇溶解于107ml水溶液中,得到0.5%戊二醇溶液,第三溶液;
将1.43g羧甲基壳聚糖溶解于357.14ml水溶液中,得到0.4%羧甲基壳聚糖溶液,第四溶液;
将第一溶液放入磁力搅拌水浴锅里,在45℃温水,600r/min的条件下水浴5min;
将第二溶液缓慢滴入第一溶液中,在45℃温水,600r/min的条件下水浴30min;
将第三溶液匀速、缓慢滴入第一溶液中,在45℃温水,600r/min的条件下水浴1min;
将第四溶液匀速、缓慢滴入第一溶液中,在45℃温水,600r/min的条件下水浴2h,得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球溶液;
将得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药微球溶液,放入5000r/min离心机中,离心20min,得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球沉淀;
将得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球沉淀,放入冷冻干燥机中干燥24h,得到大约2.5g壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球,取1.5g;
将1.5g壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球,38.0g松木粉,5.0g白砂糖,0.05g尿素,0.25g对羟基苯甲酸甲酯加入搅拌机中充分搅拌得到第五溶液;
将5.0g聚乙烯醇在90℃热水,600r/min的条件下水浴2h溶解到100ml的热水中,得到第六溶液;
将第六溶液加入第五溶液中,充分搅拌混合,得到第七溶液;
将第七溶液倒入3×3×6cm的模具中,压制;
在60℃的恒温干燥机中烘干24h,即得灭杀白蚁的饵剂。
实施例2
灭杀白蚁的饵剂,由以下质量的原料制成:
氟虫腈原药0.0065g、小米粉10g、微晶纤维素30g、蔗糖4g、对苯二酚0.05g、卡拉胶4g、山梨酸钾0.3g、壳聚糖0.86g、羧甲基壳聚糖1.14g、醋酸2.85ml、戊二醇0.43ml、吐温800.19ml、司班200.095ml、5ml丙酮、去离子水757.42ml。
制备方法:
按上述灭杀白蚁饵剂的质量称取各原料;
将0.86g壳聚糖溶解于285.71ml的1%醋酸水溶液中,超声震荡2h,得到0.3%壳聚糖溶液,第一溶液;
将0.0065g氟虫腈原药溶于5ml丙酮,得到第一溶液;加入0.14ml吐温80,0.07ml司班20,得到第二溶液;
将0.43ml戊二醇溶解于86ml水溶液中,得到0.5%戊二醇溶液,第三溶液;
将1.14g羧甲基壳聚糖溶解于285.71ml水溶液中,得到0.4%羧甲基壳聚糖溶液,第四溶液;
将第一溶液放入磁力搅拌水浴锅里,在45℃温水,600r/min的条件下水浴5min;
将第二溶液缓慢滴入第一溶液中,在45℃温水,600r/min的条件下水浴30min;
将第三溶液匀速、缓慢滴入第一溶液中,在45℃温水,600r/min的条件下水浴1min;
将第四溶液匀速、缓慢滴入第一溶液中,在45℃温水,600r/min的条件下水浴2h,得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球溶液;
将得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药微球溶液,放入5000r/min离心机中,离心20min,得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球沉淀;
将得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球沉淀,放入冷冻干燥机中干燥24h,得到大约2g壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球,取1.5g;
将1.5g壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球,小米粉10g、微晶纤维素30g、蔗糖8g、对苯二酚0.05g、山梨酸钾0.3g加入搅拌机中充分搅拌得到第五溶液;
将8g卡拉胶在90℃热水,600r/min的条件下水浴2h溶解到100ml的热水中,得到第六溶液;
将第六溶液加入第五溶液中,充分搅拌混合,得到第七溶液;
将第七溶液倒入3×3×6cm的模具中,压制;
在60℃的恒温干燥机中烘干24h,即得灭杀白蚁的饵剂。
实施例3
灭杀白蚁的饵剂,由以下质量的原料制成:
鱼藤酮原药0.005g、桉木粉37.7g、葡萄糖5g、对苯二酚0.05g、卡拉胶4g、山梨酸钾0.3g、壳聚糖1.71g、羧甲基壳聚糖2.28g、醋酸5.71ml、戊二醇0.86ml、吐温800.38ml、司班200.19ml、5ml丙酮、去离子水1414.86ml。
制备方法:
按上述灭杀白蚁饵剂的质量称取各原料;
将1.71g壳聚糖溶解于571.43ml的1%醋酸水溶液中,超声震荡2h,得到0.3%壳聚糖溶液,第一溶液;
将0.005g鱼藤酮原药溶于5ml丙酮,得到第一溶液;加入0.0.38ml吐温80,0.19ml司班20,得到第二溶液;
将0.86ml戊二醇溶解于172ml水溶液中,得到0.5%戊二醇溶液,第三溶液;
将2.28g羧甲基壳聚糖溶解于571.43ml水溶液中,得到0.4%羧甲基壳聚糖溶液,第四溶液;
将第一溶液放入磁力搅拌水浴锅里,在45℃温水,600r/min的条件下水浴5min;
将第二溶液缓慢滴入第一溶液中,在45℃温水,600r/min的条件下水浴30min;
将第三溶液匀速、缓慢滴入第一溶液中,在45℃温水,600r/min的条件下水浴1min;
将第四溶液匀速、缓慢滴入第一溶液中,在45℃温水,600r/min的条件下水浴2h,得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球溶液;
将得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药微球溶液,放入5000r/min离心机中,离心20min,得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球沉淀;
将得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球沉淀,放入冷冻干燥机中干燥24h,得到大约4g壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球,取3g;
将3g壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球,桉木粉37.7g、葡萄糖5g、对苯二酚0.05g、山梨酸钾0.3g加入搅拌机中充分搅拌得到第五溶液;
将4g卡拉胶在90℃热水,600r/min的条件下水浴2h溶解到100ml的热水中,得到第六溶液;
将第六溶液加入第五溶液中,充分搅拌混合,得到第七溶液;
将第七溶液倒入3×3×6cm的模具中,压制;
在60℃的恒温干燥机中烘干24h,即得灭杀白蚁的饵剂。
对比例1(空白载体)
灭杀白蚁饵剂空白载体,由以下质量的原料制成:
灭杀白蚁的饵剂,由以下质量的原料制成:
松木粉30g、玉米芯粉6.1g、对苯二酚0.05g、聚乙烯醇4.5g、山梨酸钾0.25g、壳聚糖2.57g、羧甲基壳聚糖3.43g、醋酸8.57ml、戊二醇1.29ml、吐温800.57ml、司班200.285ml、去离子水2072.28ml。
制备方法:
按上述灭杀白蚁饵剂的质量称取各原料;
将2.57g壳聚糖溶解于857.14ml的1%醋酸水溶液中,超声震荡2h,得到0.3%壳聚糖溶液,第一溶液;
将1.29ml戊二醇溶解于258ml水溶液中,得到0.5%戊二醇溶液,第二溶液;
将3.43g羧甲基壳聚糖溶解于857.14ml水溶液中,得到0.4%羧甲基壳聚糖溶液,第三溶液;
将第一溶液放入磁力搅拌水浴锅里,在45℃温水,600r/min的条件下水浴5min;
将第二溶液匀速、缓慢滴入第一溶液中,在45℃温水,600r/min的条件下水浴1min;
将第三溶液匀速、缓慢滴入第一溶液中,在45℃温水,600r/min的条件下水浴2h,得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球溶液;
将得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药微球溶液,放入5000r/min离心机中,离心20min,得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球沉淀;
将得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球沉淀,放入冷冻干燥机中干燥24h,得到大约6g壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球,取4.5g。
将4.5g壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球,桉松木粉30g、玉米芯粉6.1g、对苯二酚0.05g、山梨酸钾0.25g加入搅拌机中充分搅拌得到第四溶液;
将4.5g聚乙烯醇在90℃热水,600r/min的条件下水浴2h溶解到100ml的热水中,得到第五溶液;
将第五溶液加入第四溶液中,充分搅拌混合,得到第六溶液;
将第六溶液倒入3×3×6cm的模具中,压制;
在60℃的恒温干燥机中烘干24h,即得灭杀白蚁饵剂空白载体。
田间诱杀试验
将实施例1~3和对比例1(空白对照)中的杀灭白蚁饵剂与某品牌灭杀白蚁悬浮剂(含氟虫腈6%)浸泡松木条在野外对白蚁进行诱杀对比试验,将某品牌灭杀白蚁悬浮剂(含氟虫腈)组命名为对照组,使用时,将饵剂放置在引诱坑,并观察5天、10天、15天、20天、25天和30天时剩余的活动白蚁蚁丘的数量,结果见表1:
表1杀灭效果对比
实验组 | 药剂埋设地点 | 埋药期 | 食药量 | 土栖白蚁死亡情况 |
实施例1 | 樟树林下 | 2021年6月2日 | 4/5 | 全巢死亡 |
实施例2 | 樟树林下 | 2021年6月2日 | 3/4 | 全巢死亡 |
实施例3 | 樟树林下 | 2021年6月2日 | 吃完 | 全巢死亡 |
对比例1 | 樟树林下 | 2021年6月2日 | 吃完 | 蚁巢存活 |
对照组 | 樟树林下 | 2021年6月2日 | 2/5 | 全巢死亡 |
从表1可以看出,相对于对照组,本发明所制备的白蚁饵剂对白蚁有较好的防治效果,优于或等效于市面上所售白蚁悬浮剂。
本发明的杀灭白蚁饵剂降解速度较慢,活动白蚁蚁丘减退率较高,杀灭白蚁效果显著,具有良好的应用前景。
综上所述,本发明的灭杀白蚁饵剂,以常见的原料作为材料,制备过程简单、绿色,其使用和运输方便,把饵料放在引诱坑内,不会被家禽取食,不易受到雨水、大风等天气的影响,农药活性成分不易因光照而分解。白蚁工蚁取食后,直接搬运固体食物供蚁巢内部的白蚁取食,将农药活性成分传遍整个蚁巢,进而达到灭杀白蚁的效果,可以全天候用药,即使是雨天、大风天也可以使用。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言,由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应,所以描述的比较简单,相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球,其特征在于,所述由以下质量百分比的原料制成:农药活性成份0.1~0.5%,壳聚糖0.12-0.3%,羧甲基壳聚糖0.16-0.4%,乳化剂0.1-0.2%,交联剂0.1-0.15%、醋酸0.4-0.8%,有机溶剂1~5%,余量为水;所述壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球为水包油分散体系,微球粒径在45-150nm之间;所述农药活性成份与所述有机溶剂混合成为油相,所述壳聚糖和所述羧甲基壳聚糖与水混合成为水相。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
1)将计量好的壳聚糖溶解于1-2vt%醋酸中,超声震荡,得到第一溶液;
2)将计量好的农药活性成分加入有机溶剂中溶解,加入乳化剂,得到第二溶液;
3)将计量好的交联剂溶解于水中,得到第三溶液;
4)将计量好的羧甲基壳聚糖溶解于水中,得到第四溶液;
5)将第一溶液放入磁力搅拌水浴锅里,在45℃下水浴5min;再缓慢滴入第二溶液,继续水浴30min;然后再缓慢滴入第三溶液,继续水浴30min;最后再缓慢滴入第四溶液,继续水浴2h,得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球溶液;
6)将得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药微球溶液离心、干燥后得到壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中所述壳聚糖占第一溶液的质量百分比为0.3-0.6%;步骤3)中所述交联剂占第二溶液的质量百分比为0.5%;步骤4)中所述羧甲基壳聚糖占第四溶液的质量百分比为0.4%;所述壳聚糖与羧甲基壳聚糖的质量比为3:4;所述有机溶剂为甲醇、丙酮、乙醇或二氯甲烷;所述交联剂为戊二醇或三聚磷酸钠(TPP)。
4.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球在制备灭杀白蚁的饵剂中的应用。
5.一种灭杀白蚁的饵剂,其特征在于,由以下质量百分比的原料制成:壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球2.05~10.1%,植物材料70~80%,甜味剂8~15%,粘合剂5~10%,引诱剂0.05%~0.1%,防腐剂0.5%~1%;
以上原料充分混合后灌入模具,压实,烘干。
6.根据权利要求5所述的饵剂,其特征在于,所述农药活性成分为:联苯菊酯、吡虫啉、氟虫腈、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氰戊菊酯、鱼藤酮、印楝素、苦参碱中的一种;所述引诱剂为对苯二酚、尿素中的一种。
7.根据权利要求5所述的饵剂,其特征在于,所述防腐剂为山梨酸钾、对羟基苯甲酸酯、脱氧乙酸钠中的一种;所述粘合剂为卡拉胶、明胶、聚乙烯醇中的一种;所述甜味剂为白砂糖、蜂蜜、葡萄糖和蔗糖中的一种或多种混合。
8.根据权利要求5-7任一项所述的饵剂的制备方法,其特征在于,将计量好的壳聚糖-羧甲基壳聚糖载药纳米微球、粘合剂、植物材料、甜味剂、引诱剂、防腐剂依次加入搅拌机中充分搅拌得到混合物;
用去离子水溶解粘合剂,得到粘合剂水溶剂,并将粘合剂水溶剂加入到混合物中充分搅拌,最后倒入模具中,压制;
55-60℃的干燥机中烘干24-48h,即得灭杀白蚁的饵剂。
9.如权利要求5-7所述的饵剂在灭杀白蚁中的应用。
10.利用权利要求5-7任一项所述的一种灭杀白蚁的饵剂灭杀白蚁的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)挖一个土坑在坑底铺上木板,木板为松木板、桉木板、椴木板、桐木板中的任意一种或多种;
(2)在木板上放置载药饵料;
(3)盖上具有一定斜度的盖板。
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