CN114976421B - 电池箱、滑板式底盘以及电动汽车 - Google Patents
电池箱、滑板式底盘以及电动汽车 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及电池箱、滑板式底盘以及电动汽车。电池箱包括一端开口的箱体和盖合于该箱体开口的箱盖,箱体包括底板和竖立连接于底板的四个侧壁,底板和侧壁是相同的多层复合结构,该多层复合结构包括相对处于箱体内侧的第一防护板、相对处于箱体外侧的第二防护板以及处于第一防护板和第二防护板之间的吸能缓冲夹层,吸能缓冲夹层包括八面体多孔芯结构层和周旋卷涡结构层。本发明提供的电池箱既保证了刚度强度,又兼顾了防碰撞功能,具有优良的力学性能、减振性、耐热性、耐腐蚀性以及良好的温控能力和缓冲吸能效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电动车电池组件领域,具体涉及一种用于CTC滑板式底盘的电池箱。
背景技术
滑板式底盘是一种将电机、电池、电控、转向、制动、悬架等系统集成到一个独立底盘内形成的高集成底盘。CTC(Cell to Chassis)电池集成方案是直接将电芯集成在地板框架内部,将地板上下板作为电池壳体的电池集成方案;即电池车身一体化。可以说CTC电池集成方案是一种完美贴合滑板式底盘高集成特点的电池集成方案。但CTC电池集成方案有一个鲜明的特点就是电池箱体不仅仅作为电池动力系统的容纳及保护组件,还需要承担底盘车架的所用功能,包括参与整车的承载、刚度强度、防撞等。而现有技术中的电池箱往往不能兼顾刚度、强度和对碰撞的防护能力。
发明内容
因此,针对上述问题,本发明提出一种结构优化的电池箱,基于该电池箱,还提出具有该电池箱的滑板式底盘和电动汽车。
本发明采用如下技术方案实现:
本发明提出一种电池箱,包括一端开口的箱体和盖合于该箱体开口的箱盖,箱体包括底板和竖立连接于底板的四个侧壁,底板和侧壁是相同的多层复合结构,该多层复合结构包括相对处于箱体内侧的第一防护板、相对处于箱体外侧的第二防护板以及处于第一防护板和第二防护板之间的吸能缓冲夹层。
其中,优选的,所述吸能缓冲夹层包括八面体多孔芯结构层,八面体多孔芯结构层由八面体单元阵列排布形成,所述八面体单元是在空心八面体的每一个角均设有平整切面以使每一个角被切削形成方形孔的结构。
其中,优选的,阵列排布的两两八面体单元以所述平整切面相对接,使所有八面体单元的空心内腔相通。
其中,优选的,所述吸能缓冲夹层还包括隔板和周旋卷涡结构层,八面体多孔芯结构层相对处于内层,周旋卷涡结构层相对处于外层,隔板设于八面体多孔芯结构层和周旋卷涡结构层之间以将二者隔离。
其中,优选的,周旋卷涡结构层由周旋卷涡单元阵列排布形成,所述周旋卷涡单元由N个半径相同的、具有弹性的半圆弧状单体组成,N个半圆弧状单体各自有一端相交于一中心,相邻的半圆弧状单体以该中心为旋转中心呈(360/N)°角分布,N大于等于3且N为整数。
其中,优选的,所述八面体多孔芯结构层中注入有温控液体。
其中,优选的,第一防护板、第二防护板和隔板均为铝板。
其中,优选的,在第二防护板外层复合有碳纤维铺层。
其中,优选的,箱盖包括内层的铝板和外层的碳纤维树脂材料层,箱盖外层的的碳纤维树脂材料层与箱体最外层的碳纤维铺层形成对电池箱的完整碳纤维包裹。
其中,优选的,箱体的左右两外侧还固定设有侧边防撞装置。
其中,优选的,侧边防撞装置包括矩形空心管体和填充在管体内的蜂窝芯体。
其中,优选的,所述蜂窝芯体由数个蜂窝单元紧密阵列形成,每个蜂窝单元包括六边形的外框和设于外框内的圆形内框,六个连接板分别从外框的六个内角处向内延伸并外切于内框实现外框和内框的连接。
基于上述的电池箱,本发明还提出滑板式底盘,所述的滑板式底盘包括了如上所述的电池箱。
基于上述的滑板式底盘,本发明还提出电动汽车,所述的电动汽车包括了如上所述的滑板式底盘。
本发明具有以下有益效果:本发明提供的电池箱既保证了刚度强度,又兼顾了防碰撞功能,具有优良的力学性能、减振性、耐热性、耐腐蚀性以及良好的温控能力和缓冲吸能效果。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中电池箱的结构分解图;
图2是实施例1中侧壁的多层复合结构的示意图;
图3是实施例1中八面体多孔芯结构层的示意图;
图4是实施例1中八面体单元的示意图;
图5是实施例1中周旋卷涡结构层的示意图;
图6是实施例1中周旋卷涡单元的示意图;
图7是实施例1中蜂窝芯体的示意图;
图8是实施例1中蜂窝单元的示意图;
图9是实施例1中箱盖的示意图。
具体实施方式
为进一步说明各实施例,本发明提供有附图。这些附图为本发明揭露内容的一部分,其主要用以说明实施例,并可配合说明书的相关描述来解释实施例的运作原理。配合参考这些内容,本领域普通技术人员应能理解其他可能的实施方式以及本发明的优点。图中的组件并未按比例绘制,而类似的组件符号通常用来表示类似的组件。
现结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进一步说明。
实施例1:
参阅图1所示,作为本发明的优选实施例,提供一种电池箱,尤其适用于滑板式底盘中,包括一端开口的箱体101和盖合于该箱体开口的箱盖103。箱体101包括底板和竖立连接于底板的四个侧壁,本实施例中,底板和侧壁一体连接,底板和侧壁均为多层复合材料结构,如图2,示出了侧壁的多层复合结构的示意图,底板的多层复合结构和侧壁的多层复合结构相同。该多层复合结构包括相对处于箱体101内侧的第一防护板201、相对处于箱体101外侧的第二防护板205以及处于第一防护板201和第二防护板205之间的吸能缓冲夹层200,通过如此设置,在第一防护板201和第二防护板205能够确保电池箱硬度和刚度的基础上,吸能缓冲夹层200还能提供足够的碰撞缓冲,保证电池箱在发生碰撞时,电池不因冲击能量过大而损坏。
吸能缓冲夹层200具体包括八面体多孔芯结构层202、隔板203和周旋卷涡结构层204,八面体多孔芯结构层202相对处于内层,周旋卷涡结构层204相对处于外层,隔板203设于八面体多孔芯结构层202和周旋卷涡结构层204之间以将二者隔离。八面体多孔芯结构层202的具体结构参阅图3、4所示,八面体多孔芯结构层202由八面体单元202A阵列排布形成,所述的八面体单元202A是在空心八面体的每一个角均设有平整切面202A-1以使每一个角被切削形成方形孔202A-2的结构。两两八面体单元202A以平整切面202A-1相对接,使所有八面体单元202A的空心内腔相通,从而形成多孔芯的结构层(即包括每个八面体单元202A的多孔空腔结构,也包括两两八面体单元202A之间的缝隙),两两八面体单元202A以面面接触的形式连接,相比于传统的采用线线接触连接方式的多孔结构,其具有更高的接触刚度和强度,进而能够增强箱体的力学性能。八面体多孔芯结构层202具有良好的抗振性能,能为电池箱提供缓冲,而且由于是八面体多孔芯结构,其内部容积很大但和第一防护板201、隔板203的接触面积很小,实际使用电池箱式可以往八面体多孔芯结构层202注入温控液体使得电池箱内部保持电池最佳工作的温度区间。
周旋卷涡结构层204的具体结构如图5、6所示,周旋卷涡结构层204由周旋卷涡单元204A阵列排布形成,所述的周旋卷涡单元204A由六个半径相同的半圆弧状单体组成,六个半圆弧状单体各自有一端相交固定于一中心,相邻的半圆弧状单体以该中心为旋转中心呈60°角分布。半圆弧状单体为具有弹性的金属材质,在遇到颠簸或冲击碰撞的情况,其经过弹性形变阶段、屈服阶段和致密阶段三个阶段,能形成有效的溃缩,具有很好的吸能作用,在遇到强烈冲击的时候为电池箱提供足够的缓冲,有效减少电池箱在碰撞过程中电池所受到的冲击力,提高了电池箱的防护冲击穿刺能力,且周旋卷涡结构层204可以进行一定的弯折,便于电池箱结构的成型。
周旋卷涡单元204A中的半圆弧状单体在其他实施例中也可以是其他的数量,如3个、8个、12个等,只要这N个半圆弧状单体中相邻的半圆弧状单体以旋转中心呈(360/N)°角分布实现周旋均匀排列即可,N大于等于3且N为整数。N以能被360整除为佳,而本实施中选择六个半圆弧状单体的方案既能保持较低的制造成本也能保证其性能。
本实施例中,八面体多孔芯结构层202和周旋卷涡结构层204可采用铝合金或镁铝合金材料,通过线切割或金属3D打印工艺制成。
本实施例中,第一防护板201、第二防护板205和隔板203均为铝板,以此增强箱体的导热性能。且本实施例优选地还在第二防护板205外层复合有碳纤维铺层206以增强箱体的力学性能。
继续参阅图1、2,箱体101内焊接固定有支撑梁207,支撑梁207是铝型材拼接而成的一纵梁上交错两横梁的结构。箱体101的左右两外侧(即该箱体101宽度方向上的两侧)还固定设有侧边防撞装置102,侧边防撞装置102包括矩形空心管体和填充在管体内的蜂窝芯体,以增强侧边防撞装置102的吸能效果。本实施例中的蜂窝芯体如图7、8所示,由数个蜂窝单元102A紧密阵列形成,每个蜂窝单元102A包括六边形的外框102A-1和设于外框内的圆形内框102A-2,六个连接板102A-3分别从外框102A-1的六个内角处向内延伸并外切于内框102A-2实现外框102A-1和内框102A-2的连接。这种蜂窝芯体具有很好的吸能特性,且可以很好的填充进矩形空心管体。
如图9,箱盖103为碳纤维增强铝合金层合板结构。包括内层的压型铝板802和外层的碳纤维树脂材料层801,在轻量化的同时也增强箱盖103的力学性能。两者结合既减少了箱盖103的质量,又保证箱盖103的强度刚度。箱盖103外层的的碳纤维树脂材料层801与箱体最外层的碳纤维铺层206形成对电池箱的完整碳纤维包裹,使得电池箱整体强度得到保证。压型铝板802与箱体101接合处嵌入密封件,进而形成密封。
本实施例提供的电池箱具有如下优点:
1.优良的力学性能。碳纤维是一种含碳量在95%以上的高强度、高模量的纤维材料,其相对铝材有较高的抗拉性。铝材是一种轻质高强度的材料,与碳纤维相反,有较好的抗压性二者结合,优势互补。本实施例在箱体101和箱盖103的最外层采用碳纤维铺层和铝板的结构。碳纤维在外层,铝板在内层,使得电池箱体更为坚固,并拥有很好的抵抗冲击与形变的效果;
2.提供良好的缓冲吸能效果。箱体101的吸能缓冲夹层200有金属材料的周旋卷涡结构层204,在遇到颠簸或冲击碰撞的情况,其经过弹性形变阶段、屈服阶段和致密阶段三个阶段,随着应变增加,其屈服应力也呈现上升趋势,表明该箱体结构在压缩过程中能保持相对较低的应力下吸收大量的能量。其次,当周旋卷涡结构层204在遇到一定强烈的冲击的时候,能形成有效的溃缩,提供足够的缓冲,保证电池内部的正常工作;
3.具有良好的减振性。振动是通过波的形式传递,当震动波通过八面体多孔芯结构层202时,由于该夹层相比于传统电池箱的实体壁密度显著降低,有较小的松弛模量,振幅和振动所传递的能量被层层吸收,实现减振的效果,以保证电池不因振动而损坏;
4.具有良好的温控能力。在一个封闭腔体内嵌入八面体多孔芯结构层202,可以在内部注入用于温控的液体。而八面体多孔芯结构层202拥有与第一防护板201和隔板203接触面积小的特点,可以使得板面充分与温控液体接触,并传导到电池,使得温控更为高效;
5.具有良好的耐热、耐腐蚀性。首先,碳纤维能够耐受3000度以上的高温,具有突出的耐热性能。其次,碳纤维有良好的化学稳定性,对一般的有机溶剂、酸、碱都具有良好的耐腐蚀性,不溶不胀,耐蚀性出类拔萃,完全不存在生锈的问题。该箱体最外层皆为碳纤维材料,具有良好的耐热和耐蚀性。
6.外侧防护吸能侧边可更换,维修成本低。在电池箱的外侧装有用于防护与吸收对电池箱碰撞的侧边防撞装置102。该装置外部为空心矩形管,内部装填用于吸能的蜂窝芯体。侧边防撞装置102可使用结构胶与电池箱体粘连,结构胶强度高,能承受较大荷载,且耐老化、耐疲劳、耐腐蚀,性能稳定,且不对电池箱主体产生损伤。
实施例2:
本实施例提供一种滑板式底盘,该滑板式底盘包括了实施例1中的电池箱,并具有同等结构的相同技术效果。
实施例3:
本实施例提供一种电动汽车,该电动汽车包括了实施例2中的滑板式底盘,并具有同等结构的相同技术效果。
尽管结合优选实施方案具体展示和介绍了本发明,但所属领域的技术人员应该明白,在不脱离所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围内,在形式上和细节上对本发明做出的各种变化,均落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (11)
1.电池箱,包括一端开口的箱体和盖合于该箱体开口的箱盖,箱体包括底板和竖立连接于底板的四个侧壁,其特征在于:底板和侧壁是相同的多层复合结构,该多层复合结构包括相对处于箱体内侧的第一防护板、相对处于箱体外侧的第二防护板以及处于第一防护板和第二防护板之间的吸能缓冲夹层;
所述吸能缓冲夹层包括八面体多孔芯结构层,八面体多孔芯结构层由八面体单元阵列排布形成,所述八面体单元是在空心八面体的每一个角均设有平整切面以使每一个角被切削形成方形孔的结构,两两八面体单元以平整切面相对接,使所有八面体单元的空心内腔相通,从而形成多孔芯的结构层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池箱,其特征在于:所述吸能缓冲夹层还包括隔板和周旋卷涡结构层,八面体多孔芯结构层相对处于内层,周旋卷涡结构层相对处于外层,隔板设于八面体多孔芯结构层和周旋卷涡结构层之间以将二者隔离。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电池箱,其特征在于:所述周旋卷涡结构层由周旋卷涡单元阵列排布形成,所述周旋卷涡单元由N个半径相同的、具有弹性的半圆弧状单体组成,N个半圆弧状单体各自有一端相交固定于一中心,相邻的半圆弧状单体以该中心为旋转中心呈(360/N)°角分布,N大于等于3且N为整数。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电池箱,其特征在于:所述八面体多孔芯结构层中注入有温控液体。
5.根据权利要求2所述的电池箱,其特征在于:所述第一防护板、第二防护板和隔板均为铝板,在所述第二防护板外层复合有碳纤维铺层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电池箱,其特征在于:所述箱盖包括内层的铝板和外层的碳纤维树脂材料层,箱盖外层的碳纤维树脂材料层与箱体最外层的碳纤维铺层形成对电池箱的完整碳纤维包裹。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电池箱,其特征在于:所述箱体的左右两外侧还固定设有侧边防撞装置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电池箱,其特征在于:所述侧边防撞装置包括矩形空心管体和填充在管体内的蜂窝芯体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电池箱,其特征在于:所述蜂窝芯体由数个蜂窝单元紧密阵列形成,每个蜂窝单元包括六边形的外框和设于外框内的圆形内框,六个连接板分别从外框的六个内角处向内延伸并外切于内框实现外框和内框的连接。
10.滑板式底盘,其特征在于:包括如权利要求1-9任一所述的电池箱。
11.电动汽车,其特征在于:包括如权利要求10所述的滑板式底盘。
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