CN111619170B - 一种用于客车防护结构的三明治结构 - Google Patents

一种用于客车防护结构的三明治结构 Download PDF

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CN111619170B
CN111619170B CN202010582848.5A CN202010582848A CN111619170B CN 111619170 B CN111619170 B CN 111619170B CN 202010582848 A CN202010582848 A CN 202010582848A CN 111619170 B CN111619170 B CN 111619170B
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张勇
李昆塬
张锋
林继铭
熊俊
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Huaqiao University
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Abstract

本发明是一种用于客车防护结构的三明治结构，包括四种不同纤维材料组合的复合材料板与具有缺陷结构的薄球壳夹心层组成的复合材料夹芯板结构。如图，该结构夹心层的基础单元为一个主体球壳四周附着12个1/4球壳组成。主体球壳前后、左右、上下均设置圆孔做为缺陷孔。每个1/4球壳设有两个1/2缺陷孔和两个1/4缺陷孔。通过四种不同纤维复合材料板将单层夹心层独立分开使用，在实际应用中，可以根据需要进行单层单元数量以及两层甚至多层设计。该复合材料与缺陷结构组成的三明治结构可用于客车的车身，防撞梁，吸能盒，车门等部位，有利于客车的轻量化设计以及提高客车的防护性能，以达到有效的保护作用。

Description

一种用于客车防护结构的三明治结构
技术领域
本发明涉及到高性能工程结构，主要应用在汽车工业以及航空航天、建筑领域等，更确切地说是一种具有高效轻质防护功能的梯度夹心复合材料板
背景技术
在科技与经济高速发展的现代生活中，防护结构随处可见，小到手机的保护壳、快递包装、行车安全头盔，大到汽车车身和前后防撞梁、公路防护栏以及航空航天领域中避免空间碎片撞击损坏的防护壳、探测器软着陆的减震防护结构，还有就是在军工方面防止子弹穿甲、抵抗爆炸冲击、隔离能量辐射、减缓冲击波传导等伤害的各种各样的武器防护装备。
纤维复合材料具有比强度高,比模量大，材料性能具有可设计性，抗腐蚀性和耐久性能好，热膨胀系数与混凝土的相近。这些特点使得纤维复合材料能满足现代结构向大跨、高耸、重载、轻质高强以及在恶劣条件下工作发展的需要,同时也能满足现代建筑施工工业化发展的要求,因此被越来越广泛地应用于各种民用建筑、桥梁、公路、海洋、水工结构以及地下结构等领域中。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的主要技术问题是提供一种用于客车防护结构的三明治结构，具备高效防护性能的同时做到轻量化的要求。
为了解决上述的技术问题，本发明提供了一种用于客车防护结构的三明治结构，包括复合材料底板、球壳夹心层、复合材料隔板A、复合材料隔板B、复合材料顶板由下至上层叠而成；
所述复合材料底板、复合材料隔板A、复合材料隔板B、复合材料顶板分别由不同的纤维材料制成。
所述球壳夹心层由多层阵列设置的球壳单元构成。
在一较佳实施例中：所述球壳单元为一个主体球壳四周附着12个1/4球壳组成。
在一较佳实施例中：所述1/4球壳设有两个1/2缺陷孔和两个1/4缺陷孔。
在一较佳实施例中：所述主体球壳的前后、左右、上下均设置圆孔做为缺陷孔。
在一较佳实施例中：所述球壳单元在X、Y、Z方向上均连接有球壳单元；相邻球壳单元的1/4球壳拼合形成新的主体球壳。
在一较佳实施例中：所述复合材料底板由上至下的材料布置分别为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维。
在一较佳实施例中：所述复合材料隔板A由上至下的材料布置分别为玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维。
在一较佳实施例中：所述复合材料隔板B由上至下的材料布置分别为玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维、玻璃纤维。
在一较佳实施例中：所述复合材料顶板由上至下的材料布置分别为芳纶纤维、碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维。
相较于现有技术，本发明的有益效果是：
1.具有优良的耐撞性。
铝合金和碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维均具有优良的力学性能，采用纤维材料复合金属的结构能够结合多种材料的优势，改善单一结构力学性能不足的缺陷。其次多种纤维复合材料组合，可充分利用各种材料优势互补的特性，同时薄壳层状结构通过弹性变形塑性变形再到致密阶段，以较小的形变量吸收大量的能量，提高结构的吸能性。纤维复合材料板不仅能降低峰值破坏力，还能通过逐级吸能，使承载能力更加平稳。多层薄球壳设置能提高复合板的承载能力。
2.具有良好的抗振和缓冲效果。
多复合材料的三明治结构具有良好的能量吸收特性，当冲击能量通过多层夹心结构和纤维复合材料板时，被层层吸收，减少冲击能量，具有良好的缓冲作用。
3.轻量化水平高，密度小
纤维复合材料和薄壳体结构都是具有高度轻量化水平的材料，而复合夹层为多层带缺陷的薄壳体结构，具有质量低密度小的特性。
4.良好的耐热、耐腐蚀性能。
该三明治结构的上、下表面都附有纤维板，具有良好的耐热耐腐蚀的特性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的三明治结构薄球壳体单元二维图；
图2为本发明的三明治结构二维图；
图3为本发明的三明治结构复合材料板布置图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明专利的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚的描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参考图2，图2为本发明提供的一种复合材料与缺陷结构组成的三明治结构示意图。
本发明是一种用于客车防护结构的三明治结构结构，包括复合材料底板1、球壳夹心层2、复合材料隔板A3、复合材料隔板B4、复合材料顶板5由下至上层叠而成；所述复合材料底板1、复合材料隔板A3、复合材料隔板B4、复合材料顶板5分别由不同的纤维材料制成。所述球壳夹心层2由多层阵列设置的球壳单元构成。
如图1所示该球壳夹心层2的基础单元为一个主体球壳四周附着12个1/4球壳组成。主体球壳前后、左右、上下均设置圆孔做为缺陷孔，且采用薄壳铝合金轻质材料，以此用于轻量化设计、减小结构所受的峰值力以及引导溃缩方向的目的。每个1/4球壳设有两个1/2缺陷孔和两个1/4缺陷孔。如此在与周围连接时，可组成一个全新的主体球壳以及每个组合而成的主体球壳前后、左右、上下均有组合而成的小缺陷孔，同样用于轻量化设计、减小结构所受的峰值力以及引导溃缩方向的目的。该球壳单元在X、Y、Z方向均可连接与本身相同的球壳单元，可进行重复性连接，无限扩大夹心层的结构尺寸。本发明通过复合材料板将单层夹心层独立分开使用，在实际应用中，可以根据需要进行单层单元数量以及两层甚至多层设计。该三明治结构可用于客车的车身，防撞梁，吸能盒，车门等部位，有利于客车的轻量化设计以及提高客车的防撞性能，以达到有效的防护作用。
如图3所示，本实施例中，所述复合材料底板1由上至下的材料布置分别为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维。所述复合材料隔板A3由上至下的材料布置分别为玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维。所述复合材料隔板B4由上至下的材料布置分别为玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维、玻璃纤维。所述复合材料顶板5由上至下的材料布置分别为芳纶纤维、碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维。
本实施例中，所述球壳单元最终形成周期性薄壁晶格结构，并通过3D打印整体制备，使其具备整体结构的稳定性以及优异的力学性能。
上述实施例仅是用来说明本发明，而并非用作对本发明的限定。只要是依据本发明的技术实质，对上述实施例进行变化、变型等都将落在本发明的权利要求的范围内。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于客车防护结构的三明治结构，其特征在于包括：复合材料底板(1)、复合材料隔板A(3)、复合材料隔板B(4)、复合材料顶板(5)由下至上层叠而成；
其中复合材料底板(1)、复合材料隔板A(3)之间、复合材料隔板A(3)、复合材料隔板B(4)之间、复合材料隔板B(4)、复合材料顶板(5)之间分别设置有球壳夹心层(2)；所述复合材料底板(1)、复合材料隔板A(3)、复合材料隔板B(4)、复合材料顶板(5)分别由不同的纤维材料制成；
所述球壳夹心层(2)由多层阵列设置的球壳单元构成；所述复合材料底板(1)由上至下的材料布置分别为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维；所述复合材料隔板A(3)由上至下的材料布置分别为玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维；所述复合材料隔板B(4)由上至下的材料布置分别为玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维、玻璃纤维；所述复合材料顶板（5）由上至下的材料布置分别为芳纶纤维、碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于客车防护结构的三明治结构，其特征在于：所述球壳单元为一个主体球壳四周附着12个1/4球壳组成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于客车防护结构的三明治结构，其特征在于：所述1/4球壳设有两个1/2缺陷孔和两个1/4缺陷孔。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于客车防护结构的三明治结构，其特征在于：所述主体球壳的前后、左右、上下均设置圆孔做为缺陷孔。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于客车防护结构的三明治结构，其特征在于：所述球壳单元在X、Y、Z方向上均连接有球壳单元；相邻球壳单元的1/4球壳拼合形成新的主体球壳。
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