CN114964488A - Device and method for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection - Google Patents

Device and method for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection Download PDF

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CN114964488A
CN114964488A CN202210586682.3A CN202210586682A CN114964488A CN 114964488 A CN114964488 A CN 114964488A CN 202210586682 A CN202210586682 A CN 202210586682A CN 114964488 A CN114964488 A CN 114964488A
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phased array
lens
common
pixel
path interference
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王东
高磊
赵文静
翟爱平
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J1/44—Electric circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/02—Details
    • G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
    • G01J1/0407—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings
    • G01J1/0411—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings using focussing or collimating elements, i.e. lenses or mirrors; Aberration correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J1/44—Electric circuits
    • G01J2001/4413—Type
    • G01J2001/442—Single-photon detection or photon counting

Abstract

The invention belongs to the crossing field of space wavefront measurement and single-pixel imaging. The existing single-pixel imaging technology for realizing wavefront sensing has the defects of complexity, poor stability, loss of imaging resolution, reduction of light utilization efficiency and the like, so that the complex field imaging performance is not high. The invention provides a device and a method for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection. The device is simple, high in stability and obviously improved in imaging resolution, has the advantages of high light energy utilization efficiency, flexibility, convenience and simple structure, is suitable for measuring the complex wave-front amplitude of a wide spectrum, especially under the condition that an array detector is expensive or does not exist, and has wide application prospect in the fields of quantitative phase microscopic imaging, adaptive optics, imaging through a scattering medium, quantum light field measurement and the like.

Description

Device and method for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the crossing field of space wavefront measurement and single-pixel imaging, and particularly relates to a device and a method for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection.
Background
Single-pixel imaging is a new computational imaging technology, and has the advantages of high detection sensitivity, wide spectral responsivity, accurate time resolution and the like. When single pixel imaging is combined with interferometry, spatial wavefront information can be further detected. Different from the traditional array type detector wavefront sensing, the realization of the wavefront sensing by single-pixel detection mainly utilizes complex value coefficients corresponding to a series of measurement modes to reconstruct the wavefront. The method has the advantages of high sensitivity and wide spectrum of the single-pixel detector, is suitable for measuring the complex amplitude of the wavefront under the condition of wide spectrum, especially expensive array detectors or no existence, and has wide application prospect in the fields of quantitative phase microscopic imaging, adaptive optics, imaging through scattering media, quantum light field measurement and the like.
The complex value coefficient spectrum of the wavefront is acquired by single-pixel detection mainly through an interference measurement mode, and at present, the wavefront sensing is realized by single-pixel detection based on the interference measurement mode in two modes. One is that double-path phase-shift interference is realized by using double-path interferometers such as Mach-Zehnder, extra reference optical paths are introduced into the system, and the method increases the complexity of the system device and has poor anti-interference capability; the other method is to adopt a super-pixel and space partition mode to realize common-path phase-shifting interference, the modes do not fully utilize the space bandwidth of the phased array, and the detected first-order diffraction of the phased array causes the reduction of imaging resolution and the reduction of light utilization efficiency, so that the wave front imaging performance is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a device and a method for realizing space wavefront sensing based on phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection, and aims to disclose a device and a method for realizing space wavefront sensing by utilizing common-path interference of structural characteristics and pure phase modulation characteristics of a phased array and combining single-pixel detection. The device has the advantages of simple structure, higher measurement resolution, higher light energy utilization efficiency, flexible adjustment and the like. Compared with a double-path interferometer such as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the like for realizing single-pixel wavefront measurement, the device is simpler and has higher stability; compared with the existing method for realizing single-pixel wavefront measurement by superpixels and space partitions, the method has the advantages of improving the imaging resolution by more than two times, having higher light utilization rate, being more flexible in system and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the device and the method are realized by the following technical scheme:
a phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection device for realizing spatial wave-front sensing utilizes the structural characteristics of a phased array and pure phase modulation characteristics to carry out common-path interference and combines single-pixel detection to realize spatial wave-front sensing, and comprises a first lens, a second lens, a phased array common-path phase-shifting interference structure, a third lens, a pinhole and a detector, wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the pinhole and the detector are arranged along the direction of an optical axis, the first lens and the second lens form a 4f system, and the device has the function of flexibly adjusting an actually measured contact surface to a plane where a wave-front to be measured is located; the action surface of the phased array is arranged on the confocal surface of the 4f system and the third lens; the pinhole is arranged at the back focus position of the third lens and is tightly attached to the detector 6; the phased array common-path interference structure comprises 1/2 wave plates, a phased array and a polaroid, wherein 1/2 wave plates and polaroids are respectively arranged on two sides or on the same side of an action surface of the phased array 32 along the direction of an optical axis and are perpendicular to the optical axis.
Further, the phased array is a transmission-type phased array or a reflection-type phased array; the phased array is a transmission type phased array, 1/2 wave plates and polaroids are respectively placed on two sides of an acting surface of the phased array along the direction of an optical axis and perpendicular to the optical axis, a first lens, a second lens, a phased array common path interference structure, a third lens, a pinhole and a detector are sequentially placed along the direction of the optical axis, and the first lens, the second lens, the phased array common path interference structure, the third lens, the pinhole and the detector are perpendicular to the optical axis; the phased array is reflective phased array, then 1/2 wave plates, polaroid to respectively perpendicular to the optical axis along the optical axis direction and place at phased array working face homonymy, with place first lens, second lens, phased array common path interference structure, third lens, pinhole and detector along the optical axis direction in proper order, first lens, second lens, phased array common path interference structure, third lens, pinhole and the equal perpendicular to optical axis of detector.
Furthermore, the phased array is used for bearing designed phase distribution, and plays a role in prospective modulation on transmitted wave fronts, and the polarization direction is horizontal polarization or vertical polarization; the size of the pinhole, the wavelength and the diameter of the light beam incident on the third lens and the focal length of the third lens meet the relation that r is less than or equal to 1.27 lambda f/d, wherein lambda is the wavelength of the light beam, f is the focal length of the third lens, and d is the diameter of the light beam.
A method for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path phase-shifting interference single-pixel detection is realized by the device for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path phase-shifting interference single-pixel detection, and comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: relaying a 4f system formed by a first lens and a second lens on the target space wavefront to a phased array action surface, setting the initial phase distribution of the phased array to be in a non-modulation mode, and determining the size of a pinhole according to the condition that the wavelength and the diameter of a light beam incident on a third lens and the focal length of the third lens meet the relation r is less than or equal to 1.27 lambda f/d;
step two: the polarizer and 1/2 plectrum are oriented so that the unmodulated beams of the phased array 32 and the modulated beams form common-path interference;
step three: configuring initial parameters of a device for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection: spatial wavefront imaging resolution mxn, single pixel imaging sampling rate
Figure BDA0003666220340000031
The number of phase-shifting steps;
step four: loading a modulation mode to the phased array, and acquiring signal intensity by a detector; produced by imaging a single pixel
Figure BDA0003666220340000032
Figure BDA0003666220340000033
The modulation modes are respectively phase-shifted and sequentially loaded to the phased array, and meanwhile, the detectorAcquiring a Fourier plane center signal intensity value corresponding to each mode;
step five: reconstructing the target spatial wavefront: and obtaining a complex coefficient spectrum of the target space wavefront according to a phase shifting technology, and recovering the target space wavefront by using a single-pixel reconstruction algorithm.
Further, in the second step, the setting for forming the common path interference is selected from one of the following three ways:
(i) adjusting 1/2 a wave plate to make the polarization direction of the wave front to be measured consistent with that of the phased array, and adjusting the direction of a polaroid consistent with that of 1/2 a wave plate to make the wave front reflected/transmitted and modulated by a phased array pixel area and the unmodulated wave front directly reflected/transmitted by a phased array pixel gap pass through the polaroid to form common-path interference;
(ii) adjusting 1/2 a wave plate to enable the polarization direction of the wave front to be detected and the polarization direction of the phased array to form an inclined included angle, adjusting the direction of a polaroid to be vertical to the direction of 1/2 the wave plate to enable the wave front reflected/transmitted and modulated by a phased array pixel area and the wave front reflected/transmitted by the phased array pixel area and not modulated to pass through the polaroid to form common-path interference;
(iii) the 1/2 wave plate is adjusted to enable the polarization direction of the wave front to be detected and the polarization direction of the phased array to form an inclined included angle, the direction of the polaroid is adjusted to be consistent with the direction of the 1/2 wave plate, and therefore the wave front reflected/transmitted and modulated by the phased array pixel area, the wave front reflected/transmitted by the phased array pixel area and not modulated by the phased array pixel gap are all transmitted through the polaroid to form common-path interference.
Further, the multi-step phase shifting in step three includes: three or more phase shifts.
A method for realizing space wavefront sensing by combining phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection with Hilbert transform is realized by using the device for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection, and comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: relaying the target space wavefront to a phased array action surface through a 4f system formed by a first lens and a second lens, setting the initial phase distribution of the phased array to be in a non-modulation mode, and determining the size of a pinhole according to the condition that the wavelength and the diameter of a light beam incident on a third lens and the focal length of the third lens meet the relation that r is less than or equal to 1.27 lambda f/d;
step two: configuring initial parameters of a device for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection: spatial wavefront imaging resolution mxn, single pixel imaging sampling rate
Figure BDA0003666220340000034
Interference holographic angle;
step three: loading digital concave conical surface grating on phased array and
Figure BDA0003666220340000035
the modulation modes are: forming a fixed phase difference between the phased array modulated light beams and the phased array unmodulated light beams through the introduced digital concave conical surface grating, and converging the phase difference on an optical axis to form common-path interference;
step four: a detector collects the interference signal intensity value of the center point of the Fourier plane corresponding to each mode;
step five: and recovering the target hologram by a single-pixel reconstruction algorithm, and reconstructing a target space wavefront according to a Hilbert transform algorithm.
Further, the source of the non-modulated light beams of the phased array is the non-modulated light of the pixel gaps of the phased array or the non-modulated light orthogonal to the phase-only modulated polarization of the phased array, or a combination of both.
Furthermore, the phased array is a pure phase modulator which is indirectly realized by a digital micro-mirror array, a ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator and an amplitude liquid crystal spatial light modulator through a lee method or a super-pixel method, or is a pure phase liquid crystal spatial light modulator.
Further, the modulation base mode includes: hadamard transform, discrete cosine transform, Fourier transform, and the like.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a device and a method for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection, which utilize common-path interference of structural characteristics and pure phase modulation characteristics of a phased array and combine single-pixel detection to realize the device and the method for realizing space wavefront sensing, freely and flexibly adjust the intensity ratio of interfered signal light and reference light, fully utilize the space bandwidth of the phased array and realize higher resolution measurement of wavefront complex amplitude. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, high measurement resolution, high light energy utilization efficiency, flexible adjustment and the like. Compared with a double-path interferometer such as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the like for realizing single-pixel wavefront measurement, the device is simpler and higher in stability; compared with the existing method for realizing single-pixel wavefront measurement by superpixel and spatial partition, the method has the advantages of improving the imaging resolution by more than two times, having higher light utilization rate, being more flexible in system and the like. The invention can also be expanded to wider wave bands, such as infrared, terahertz, X-ray and other wave bands, especially wave front complex amplitude measurement under the condition that an array detector is expensive or does not exist, and has wide application prospect in the fields of quantitative phase microscopic imaging, adaptive optics, imaging through scattering media, quantum light field measurement and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spatial wavefront sensing device implemented by transmission-type phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spatial wavefront sensing device implemented by reflective phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for forming common-path interference by a transmission-type phased array common-path interference structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for forming common-path interference by a reflective phased array common-path interference structure;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the amplitude and phase distribution of a target spatial wavefront;
fig. 6 is an amplitude and phase profile of the achieved target spatial wavefront.
In the figure, 1, a first lens, 2, a second lens, 3, a phased array common path interference structure, 4, a third lens, 5, a pinhole, 6, a detector, 31, 1/2 wave plates, 32, a phased array, 33 and a polaroid.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that, for convenience of description, the following directional descriptions are consistent with the drawings themselves, but do not limit the structure of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the invention discloses a device for realizing spatial wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection, which mainly comprises a first lens 1, a second lens 2, a phased array common-path phase-shifting interference structure 3, a third lens 4, a pinhole 5 and a detector 6, wherein the first lens 1, the second lens 2, the third lens 4, the pinhole 5 and the detector 6 are sequentially arranged along the optical axis direction and perpendicular to the optical axis, and the first lens 1 and the second lens 2 form a 4f system, which has the function of enabling an actually measured contact surface (namely a phased array action surface) to be flexibly adjusted to a plane where a wavefront to be measured is located; the action surface of the phased array 32 is arranged on the confocal surface of the 4f system formed by the first lens 1 and the second lens 2 and the third lens 4, namely the focal planes of the 4f system and the third lens are coincident; the pinhole 5 is placed at the back focal position of the third lens 4, next to the detector 6.
The phased array common path interference structure 3 provided by the invention mainly comprises 1/2 wave plates 31, a phased array 32 and a polaroid 33, wherein the 1/2 wave plates 31 and the polaroid 33 are respectively placed on two sides or the same side of an action surface of the phased array 32 along the direction of an optical axis and perpendicular to the optical axis.
The phased array 32 is a transmissive phased array or a reflective phased array; if the phased array 32 is a transmissive phased array, the 1/2 wave plate 31 and the polarizer 33 are respectively placed on both sides of the working surface of the phased array 32 perpendicular to the optical axis along the optical axis direction, the first lens 1, the second lens 2, the phased array common path interference structure 3, the third lens 4, the pinhole 5 and the detector 6 are sequentially placed along the optical axis direction, and the first lens 1, the second lens 2, the phased array common path interference structure 3, the third lens 4, the pinhole 5 and the detector 6 are all perpendicular to the optical axis.
If the phased array 32 is a reflection type phased array, the 1/2 wave plate 31 and the polarizing plate 33 are placed on the same side of the working surface of the phased array 32 so as to be perpendicular to the optical axis in the direction of the optical axis, and the first lens 1, the second lens 2, the phased array common path interference structure 3, the third lens 4, the pinhole 5, and the detector 6 are placed so as to be perpendicular to the optical axis in the direction of the optical axis.
The phased array 32 is used for bearing designed phase distribution, and plays a role in expected modulation on transmitted wave fronts, the polarization direction is horizontal polarization or vertical polarization, the polarization direction depends on device processing design, and the polarization direction is generally horizontal polarization; the size of the aperture r of the pinhole 5, the wavelength and the diameter of the light beam incident on the third lens and the focal length of the third lens satisfy the relation r is less than or equal to 1.27 lambda f/d, wherein lambda is the wavelength of the light beam, f is the focal length of the third lens, and d is the diameter of the light beam.
The invention also discloses a method for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path phase-shifting interference single-pixel detection, which comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the 4f system formed by the first lens 1 and the second lens 2 relays the wavefront of the target space to the action surface of the phased array 32, namely the wavefront of the space to be measured is relayed to the action surface of the phased array 32, the initial phase distribution of the phased array 32 is set to be in a non-modulation mode, and the size of the pinhole 5 is determined according to the condition that the wavelength and the diameter of the light beam incident on the third lens 4 and the focal length of the third lens 4 meet the relation that r is less than or equal to 1.27 lambda f/d.
Step two: the polarizer and 1/2 dials are oriented so that the unmodulated beams of the phased array 32 form a common path interference with the modulated beams, wherein the common path interference is formed in an arrangement selected from one of:
(i) the 1/2 wave plate 31 is adjusted to enable the polarization direction of the wavefront to be measured to be consistent with the polarization direction of the phased array 32, and the direction of the polarizer 33 is adjusted to be consistent with the direction of the 1/2 wave plate 31. The wave front reflected/transmitted and modulated by the pixel area of the phased array 32 and the unmodulated wave front directly reflected/transmitted by the pixel gap of the phased array 32 are made to pass through the polaroid 33, and common-path interference is formed.
(ii) The adjustment 1/2 wave plate 31 makes the polarization direction of the wavefront that awaits measuring and phased array 32's polarization direction be the slope contained angle, can set up the angle at will, and concrete angle is rationally adjusted according to actual experiment condition and demand, and adjustment polaroid 33 direction is perpendicular with 1/2 wave plate 31 direction. The wave front reflected/transmitted and modulated by the pixel area of the phased array 32 and the wave front reflected/transmitted by the pixel area of the phased array 32 and not modulated are made to pass through the polaroid 33, and common path interference is formed.
(iii) The 1/2 wave plate 31 is adjusted to enable the polarization direction of the wave front to be measured and the polarization direction of the phased array 32 to form an inclined included angle, and the direction of the polarizer 33 is adjusted to be consistent with the direction of the 1/2 wave plate 31. The wave front reflected/transmitted and modulated by the pixel area of the phased array 32, the wave front reflected/transmitted by the pixel area of the phased array 32 and not modulated by the pixel gap of the phased array 32 are all made to pass through the polaroid 33, and common-path interference is formed.
Step three: and configuring initial parameters of the device for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection. Spatial wavefront imaging resolution mxn, single pixel imaging sampling rate
Figure BDA0003666220340000061
The number of phase shift steps.
Step four: the phased array 32 is loaded with the modulation pattern and the detector 6 acquires the signal intensity. Produced by imaging a single pixel
Figure BDA0003666220340000062
Figure BDA0003666220340000063
The phase of each modulation mode is shifted, the modulation modes are sequentially loaded to the phased array 32, and meanwhile the detector 6 collects the signal intensity value of the center point of the Fourier plane corresponding to each mode.
Step five: reconstructing the target spatial wavefront: and obtaining a complex coefficient spectrum of the target space wavefront according to a phase shifting technology, and recovering the target space wavefront by using a single-pixel reconstruction algorithm.
The phase shift may be three steps or more. Taking one of the conventional multi-step phase shifting methods, namely four-step phase shifting, as an example, in the following embodiments, the number of phase shifting steps in the first embodiment and the second embodiment is an example of four-step phase shifting.
The invention also discloses a method for realizing space wavefront sensing by combining phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection and Hilbert transform based on the device for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection, which comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the target space wavefront is relayed to the action surface of the phased array 32 through a 4f system formed by the first lens 1 and the second lens 2, the initial phase distribution of the phased array 32 is set to be in a non-modulation mode, and the size of the pinhole 5 is determined according to the condition that the wavelength and the diameter of the light beam incident on the third lens 4 and the focal length of the third lens 4 meet the relation that r is less than or equal to 1.27 lambda f/d.
Step two: configuring initial parameters of a device for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection: spatial wavefront imaging resolution mxn, single pixel imaging sampling rate
Figure BDA0003666220340000071
Interfering with the holographic angle.
Step three: loading a digital concave tapered grating onto the phased array 32 and
Figure BDA0003666220340000072
a modulation mode. The phased array 32 modulated light beams form a fixed phase difference with the light beams not modulated by the phased array 32 through the digital concave conical surface grating, and the fixed phase difference is converged on the optical axis to form common-path interference, wherein the light beam source not modulated by the phased array 32 is selected from one of the following three options according to actual requirements: (1) unmodulated light at pixel gaps of the phased array 32; (2) unmodulated light orthogonal to the phase-only modulated polarization of the phased array 32; (3) a combination of both.
Step four: the detector 6 collects fourier plane center point interference signal intensity values corresponding to each mode.
Step five: and recovering the target hologram by a single-pixel reconstruction algorithm, and reconstructing a target space wavefront according to a Hilbert transform algorithm.
The phase control array is a pure phase modulator which is indirectly realized by a digital micro-mirror array, a ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator and an amplitude liquid crystal spatial light modulator through a lee method or a super-pixel method, or the pure phase liquid crystal spatial light modulator, taking one of common reflection type optical phase control arrays, namely the liquid crystal spatial light modulator as an example, the device and the method for realizing the spatial wave front sensing by the common-path interference single-pixel detection of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator are used for the wave front sensing occasion with lower optical power.
The modulation base mode includes: the device and the method for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection are used in a phased array occasion with a binary modulation mode, and in the following implementation modes, the modulation mode in the first implementation mode, the second implementation mode and the third implementation mode is an example of a Hadamard basis mode.
The device and the method for realizing space wave-front sensing by combining single-pixel detection are characterized in that the intensity ratio of interfered signal light and reference light can be freely and flexibly adjusted, the space bandwidth of a phased array is fully utilized, the higher-resolution measurement of wave-front complex amplitude is realized, and the device and the method have the advantages of simple structure, high measurement resolution, high light energy utilization efficiency, flexible adjustment and the like, and are suitable for wide spectrum, especially for wave-front complex amplitude measurement under the condition that an array detector is expensive or does not exist. The invention has wide application prospect in the fields of quantitative phase microscopic imaging, adaptive optics, imaging through scattering media, quantum light field measurement and the like.
The first implementation mode comprises the following steps: the embodiment is described with reference to the drawings, and the embodiment is a device for realizing spatial wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection, which mainly comprises a first lens 1, a second lens 2, a phased array common-path phase-shifting interference structure 3, a third lens 4, a pinhole 5 and a detector 6, wherein the first lens 1, the second lens 2, the third lens 4, the pinhole 5 and the detector 6 are arranged along the optical axis direction, and the first lens 1 and the second lens 2 form a 4f system, which has the function of flexibly adjusting an actually measured contact surface (i.e. a phased array acting surface) to a plane where a wavefront to be measured is located; the action surface of the phased array 32 is placed on the confocal surface of the 4f system composed of the first lens 1 and the second lens 2 and the third lens 4; the pinhole 5 is placed at the back focal position of the third lens 4, next to the detector 6.
The phased array common path interference structure 3 provided by the invention mainly comprises 1/2 wave plates 31, a phased array 32 and a polaroid 33, wherein the 1/2 wave plates 31 and the polaroid 33 are respectively placed on two sides or the same side of an action surface of the phased array 32 along the direction of an optical axis and perpendicular to the optical axis.
The phased array 32 is a transmissive phased array or a reflective phased array; if the phased array 32 is a transmissive phased array, the 1/2 wave plate 31 and the polarizing plate 33 are placed on both sides of the working surface of the phased array 32 so as to be perpendicular to the optical axis along the optical axis direction, and the first lens 1, the second lens 2, the phased array common path interference structure 3, the third lens 4, the pinhole 5, and the detector 6 are placed so as to be perpendicular to the optical axis along the optical axis direction.
If the phased array 32 is a reflection type phased array, the 1/2 wave plate 31 and the polarizing plate 33 are placed on the same side of the working surface of the phased array 32 so as to be perpendicular to the optical axis along the optical axis direction, and the first lens 1, the second lens 2, the phased array common path interference structure 3, the third lens 4, the pinhole 5, and the detector 6 are placed so as to be perpendicular to the optical axis along the optical axis direction.
The phased array 32 is used for carrying designed phase distribution, and performs an expected modulation effect on transmitted wave fronts, and the polarization direction is generally horizontal polarization; the size of the pinhole 5, the wavelength and the diameter of the light beam incident on the third lens 4 and the focal length of the third lens 4 satisfy the relation r is less than or equal to 1.27 lambda f/d, wherein lambda is the wavelength of the light beam, f is the focal length of the third lens 4, and d is the diameter of the light beam.
The second embodiment: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, and fig. 4, and the embodiment is a method for implementing spatial wavefront sensing by phased array common-path phase-shift interference single-pixel detection, and includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: relaying a 4f system formed by the first lens 1 and the second lens 2 on the action surface of the phased array 32 to the target space wavefront, setting the initial phase distribution of the phased array 32 to be in a non-modulation mode, and determining the size of the pinhole 5 according to the condition that the wavelength and the diameter of a light beam incident on the third lens 4 and the focal length of the third lens 4 meet the relation r which is less than or equal to 1.27 lambda f/d.
Step two: the polarizers and 1/2 are oriented so that the unmodulated beams of the phased array 32 form a common path interference with the modulated beams, wherein the common path interference is formed in an arrangement selected from one of three ways.
(i) The 1/2 wave plate 31 is adjusted to enable the polarization direction of the wavefront to be measured to be consistent with the polarization direction of the phased array 32, and the direction of the polarizer 33 is adjusted to be consistent with the direction of the 1/2 wave plate 31. The wave front reflected/transmitted and modulated by the pixel area of the phased array 32 and the unmodulated wave front directly reflected/transmitted by the pixel gap of the phased array 32 are made to pass through the polaroid 33, and common-path interference is formed.
(ii) The 1/2 wave plate 31 is adjusted to enable the polarization direction of the wave front to be measured and the polarization direction of the phased array 32 to form an inclined included angle, and the direction of the polarizer 33 is adjusted to be perpendicular to the direction of the 1/2 wave plate 31. The wave front reflected/transmitted and modulated by the pixel area of the phased array 32 and the wave front reflected/transmitted by the pixel area of the phased array 32 and not modulated are made to pass through the polaroid 33, and common path interference is formed.
(iii) The 1/2 wave plate 31 is adjusted to enable the polarization direction of the wave front to be measured and the polarization direction of the phased array 32 to form an inclined included angle, and the direction of the polarizer 33 is adjusted to be consistent with the direction of the 1/2 wave plate 31. The wave front reflected/transmitted and modulated by the pixel area of the phased array 32, the wave front reflected/transmitted by the pixel area of the phased array 32 and not modulated by the pixel gap of the phased array 32 are all made to pass through the polaroid 33, and common-path interference is formed.
Step three: initial parameters of the detection system are configured. Spatial wavefront imaging resolution mxn, single pixel imaging sampling rate
Figure BDA0003666220340000091
The number of phase-shifting steps.
Step four: the phased array 32 is loaded with a modulation pattern and the detector 6 collects the signal intensity. Produced by imaging a single pixel
Figure BDA0003666220340000092
Figure BDA0003666220340000093
The phase of each modulation mode is shifted, the modulation modes are sequentially loaded to the phased array 32, and meanwhile the detector 6 collects the signal intensity value of the center point of the Fourier plane corresponding to each mode.
Step five: a target spatial wavefront is reconstructed. And obtaining a complex coefficient spectrum of the target space wavefront according to a phase shifting technology, and recovering the target space wavefront by using a single-pixel reconstruction algorithm.
The third embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, and fig. 4, and the present embodiment is a method for implementing spatial wavefront sensing by phased array common path interference single pixel detection in combination with hilbert transform, and includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the target space wavefront is relayed to the action surface of the phased array 32 through a 4f system formed by the first lens 1 and the second lens 2, the initial phase distribution of the phased array 32 is set to be in a non-modulation mode, and the size of the pinhole 5 is determined according to the condition that the wavelength and the diameter of the light beam incident on the third lens 4 and the focal length of the third lens 4 meet the relation that r is less than or equal to 1.27 lambda f/d.
Step two: initial parameters of the detection system are configured. Spatial wavefront imaging resolution mxn, single pixel imaging sampling rate
Figure BDA0003666220340000094
Interfering with the holographic angle.
Step three: loading a digital concave tapered grating onto the phased array 32 and
Figure BDA0003666220340000095
a modulation mode. The phased array 32 modulated light beams form a fixed phase difference between the introduced digital concave conical surface grating and the phased array 32 unmodulated light beams, and are converged on the optical axis to form common-path interference, wherein the source of the phased array 32 unmodulated light beams can be unmodulated light of pixel gaps of the phased array 32, or unmodulated light orthogonal to the phase array 32 pure phase modulation polarization, or a combination of the two.
Step four: the detector 6 collects fourier plane center point interference signal intensity values corresponding to each mode.
Step five: and recovering the target hologram by a single-pixel reconstruction algorithm, and reconstructing a target space wavefront according to a Hilbert transform algorithm.
The phased array 32 in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment is an example of a liquid crystal spatial light modulator.
The fourth embodiment: taking a space wavefront imaging to be measured with circular amplitude distribution and triangular phase distribution as an example, as shown in fig. 5, in the first embodiment, a 4f system in the first embodiment is first required to relay a target space wavefront to an action surface of a phased array 32; then, the wavefront is imaged according to the steps of the second or third embodiment, common path interference is formed according to fig. 3 and 4, and the amplitude and phase distribution of the reconstructed wavefront obtained by the three methods is shown in fig. 6.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection device for realizing spatial wave-front sensing is characterized in that common-path interference is carried out by utilizing structural characteristics and pure phase modulation characteristics of a phased array, and the spatial wave-front sensing is realized by combining single-pixel detection, and the device comprises a first lens, a second lens, a phased array common-path phase-shifting interference structure, a third lens, a pinhole and a detector, wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the pinhole and the detector are placed along the direction of an optical axis, the first lens and the second lens form a 4f system, and the function of the device is to flexibly adjust an actually measured contact surface to a plane where a wave-front to be measured is located; the action surface of the phased array is arranged on the confocal surface of the 4f system and the third lens; the pinhole is arranged at the back focus position of the third lens and is tightly attached to the detector 6;
the phased array common-path interference structure comprises 1/2 wave plates, a phased array and a polaroid, wherein 1/2 wave plates and polaroids are respectively arranged on two sides or on the same side of an action surface of the phased array 32 along the direction of an optical axis and perpendicular to the optical axis.
2. The device for realizing space wave front sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection according to claim 1, wherein the phased array adopts a transmission phased array or a reflection phased array;
the phased array is a transmission-type phased array, 1/2 wave plates and polaroids are respectively placed on two sides of an acting surface of the phased array in a manner of being perpendicular to an optical axis along the direction of the optical axis, and a first lens, a second lens, a phased array common path interference structure, a third lens, a pinhole and a detector are sequentially placed along the direction of the optical axis, wherein the first lens, the second lens, the phased array common path interference structure, the third lens, the pinhole and the detector are all perpendicular to the optical axis;
the phased array is reflective phased array, then 1/2 wave plates, polaroid to place at phased array effect surface homonymy along optical axis direction perpendicular to optical axis respectively, with place first lens, second lens, phased array common path interference structure, third lens, pinhole and detector along optical axis direction in proper order, first lens, second lens, phased array common path interference structure, third lens, pinhole and the equal perpendicular to optical axis of detector.
3. The device for realizing space wave-front sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection according to claim 2, wherein the phased array is used for bearing designed phase distribution and playing a role in expected modulation on transmitted wave-front, and the polarization direction is horizontal polarization or vertical polarization;
the size of the pinhole, the wavelength and the diameter of the light beam incident on the third lens and the focal length of the third lens meet the relation that r is less than or equal to 1.27 lambda f/d, wherein lambda is the wavelength of the light beam, f is the focal length of the third lens, and d is the diameter of the light beam.
4. A method for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path phase-shifting interference single-pixel detection is realized by the device for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: relaying a 4f system formed by a first lens and a second lens on the target space wavefront to a phased array action surface, setting the initial phase distribution of the phased array to be in a non-modulation mode, and determining the size of a pinhole according to the condition that the wavelength and the diameter of a light beam incident on a third lens and the focal length of the third lens meet the relation r is less than or equal to 1.27 lambda f/d;
step two: the polarizer and 1/2 plectrum are oriented so that the unmodulated beams of the phased array 32 and the modulated beams form common-path interference;
step three: configuring initial parameters of a device for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection: spatial wavefront imaging resolution mxn, single pixel imaging sampling rate
Figure FDA0003666220330000021
The number of phase-shifting steps;
step four: loading a modulation mode to the phased array, and acquiring signal intensity by a detector; produced by imaging a single pixel
Figure FDA0003666220330000022
Figure FDA0003666220330000023
The modulation modes are respectively phase-shifted and sequentially loaded to the phased array, and meanwhile, a detector collects a Fourier plane central point signal intensity value corresponding to each mode;
step five: reconstructing the target spatial wavefront: and obtaining a complex coefficient spectrum of the target space wavefront according to a phase shifting technology, and recovering the target space wavefront by using a single-pixel reconstruction algorithm.
5. The method for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path phase-shifting interference single-pixel detection according to claim 4, wherein in the second step, the setting for forming common-path interference is selected from one of the following three ways:
(i) 1/2 wave plates are adjusted to enable the polarization direction of the wave front to be detected to be consistent with that of the phased array, and the direction of a polaroid is adjusted to be consistent with that of a 1/2 wave plate, so that the wave front reflected/transmitted and modulated by a phased array pixel area and the unmodulated wave front directly reflected/transmitted by a phased array pixel gap pass through the polaroid to form common-path interference;
(ii) adjusting 1/2 a wave plate to enable the polarization direction of the wave front to be detected and the polarization direction of the phased array to form an inclined included angle, adjusting the direction of a polaroid to be vertical to the direction of 1/2 the wave plate to enable the wave front reflected/transmitted and modulated by a phased array pixel area and the wave front reflected/transmitted by the phased array pixel area and not modulated to pass through the polaroid to form common-path interference;
(iii) the 1/2 wave plate is adjusted to enable the polarization direction of the wave front to be detected and the polarization direction of the phased array to form an inclined included angle, the direction of the polaroid is adjusted to be consistent with the direction of the 1/2 wave plate, and therefore the wave front reflected/transmitted and modulated by the phased array pixel area, the wave front reflected/transmitted by the phased array pixel area and not modulated by the phased array pixel gap are all transmitted through the polaroid to form common-path interference.
6. The method for realizing spatial wavefront sensing by phased array common-path phase-shifting interference single-pixel detection according to claim 4, wherein the multiple phase-shifting in the three steps comprises: three or more phase shifts.
7. A method for realizing space wavefront sensing by combining phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection with Hilbert transform is realized by using the device for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection according to claim 1, and is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: relaying the target space wavefront to a phased array action surface through a 4f system formed by a first lens and a second lens, setting the initial phase distribution of the phased array to be in a non-modulation mode, and determining the size of a pinhole according to the condition that the wavelength and the diameter of a light beam incident on a third lens and the focal length of the third lens meet the relation that r is less than or equal to 1.27 lambda f/d;
step two: configuring initial parameters of a device for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection: spatial wavefront imaging resolution mxn, single pixel imaging sampling rate
Figure FDA0003666220330000031
Interference holographic angle;
step three: loading digital concave conical surface grating on phased array and
Figure FDA0003666220330000032
the modulation modes are: forming a fixed phase difference between the phased array modulated light beams and the phased array unmodulated light beams through the introduced digital concave conical surface grating, and converging the phase difference on an optical axis to form common-path interference;
step four: a detector collects the interference signal intensity value of the center point of the Fourier plane corresponding to each mode;
step five: and recovering the target hologram by a single-pixel reconstruction algorithm, and reconstructing a target space wavefront according to a Hilbert transform algorithm.
8. The method for realizing spatial wavefront sensing by combining phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection with Hilbert transform according to claim 7, wherein the source of the unmodulated light beams of the phased array is unmodulated light of pixel gaps of the phased array or unmodulated light orthogonal to the phase-only modulated polarization of the phased array, or a combination of the two.
9. The method for realizing the spatial wave front sensing by the phased array common-path phase-shifting interference single-pixel detection according to claim 4 or the method for realizing the spatial wave front sensing by the phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection combining with the Hilbert transform according to claim 7, wherein the phased array is a pure phase modulator indirectly realized by a digital micromirror array, a ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator and an amplitude liquid crystal spatial light modulator through a lee method or a super-pixel method, or is a pure phase liquid crystal spatial light modulator.
10. The method for realizing spatial wavefront sensing by phased array common-path phase-shifting interference single-pixel detection according to claim 4 or the method for realizing spatial wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection combined with Hilbert transform according to claim 7, wherein the modulation base mode comprises: hadamard transform, discrete cosine transform, Fourier transform, and the like.
CN202210586682.3A 2022-05-27 2022-05-27 Device and method for realizing space wavefront sensing by phased array common-path interference single-pixel detection Pending CN114964488A (en)

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