CN114963910A - Blasting charge structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a blasting charge structure and a construction method thereof, wherein the blasting charge structure comprises a cartridge, a water absorbing material, a filter screen, a cartridge, a detonating device and a blocking object; wherein the water absorbing material is used for absorbing water or water solution; the filter screen is used for packaging water absorption materials. Before charging, the filter screen filled with the water-absorbing material is put into water for soaking, and is taken out for standby after the filter screen expands into a cylindrical shape; when charging, the water absorbing material soaked in water and the explosive are loaded into the explosive cartridge in different orders. The blasting charge structure disclosed by the invention can avoid the problem that the water bag in the traditional water pressure blasting is scratched by rocks on the wall of the blasting cartridge in the filling process, so that water leakage occurs, and further the water pressure blasting effect and the dust fall effect are influenced. In addition, the explosive charging structure can prolong the action time of explosive gas, is favorable for rock breaking, saves time and labor in practical application, is simple and convenient to operate, is favorable for field construction management, and has remarkable economic benefit and social benefit.

Description

A blasting charge structure and construction method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering blasting, in particular to a blasting charge structure and a construction method thereof.

Background technique

In railway construction, water conservancy engineering, mining engineering and other earthwork engineering, blasting is the most widely used and effective rock breaking method at present. However, dust pollution is also prone to be generated during blasting. In recent years, the prevention and control of atmospheric dust pollution has received extensive attention. Therefore, many technicians have explored dust reduction technologies. Among them, Chinese Patent Application No. 200710051361.9 discloses an energy-saving and environmental protection engineering water pressure blasting blasthole and its blasting method. This patent requires a certain amount of water to be loaded into the explosive cartridge, and the water is atomized under the action of the explosive, thereby playing the role of dust reduction However, a water bag is required to fill the explosive cartridge with water, and the water bag is easily damaged during the construction process, resulting in water leakage, which in turn affects the dust reduction effect. In this regard, Chinese Patent Application No. 201810812578.5 discloses a fast-loading hydraulic blasting device, which effectively protects the water bag from being scratched by the rocks inside the blasthole, but the device needs to use auxiliary tools such as diversion grooves and collars, so that the It is too cumbersome in practical application, is not conducive to on-site construction management, and greatly limits the application of the device.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a blasting charge structure, which can prevent the water bag in the traditional hydraulic blasting from being cut by the rock on the hole wall of the explosive cartridge during the filling process, thereby causing water leakage problems, and then affect the hydraulic blasting effect and dust reduction effect. In addition, the above-mentioned charging structure can prolong the action time of the explosive gas, which is beneficial to the rock crushing.

Another object of the present invention is: a blasting charge structure construction method, which saves time and effort in practical application, is easy to operate, is beneficial to on-site construction management, and has significant economic and social benefits.

The technical scheme that the present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems is:

A blasting charge structure includes an explosive cartridge, an explosive bag, a detonating device, a blockage and a cooling and dust removal device arranged inside the explosive cartridge, wherein the blockage is located at the orifice of the explosive cartridge, and is characterized in that the cooling The dedusting device includes a plurality of cooling and dedusting bags formed by wrapping the water-absorbing material with a filter screen, and the cooling and dedusting bags and the explosive charge are arranged in an irregular arrangement in the explosive cartridge.

In a preferred solution of the present invention, the water-absorbing material can absorb more than 2 times its own weight of water, and has a strong water-retaining capacity, such as super-absorbent resin or sponge material or cotton.

In a preferred solution of the present invention, the particle size of the water-absorbing material (before water absorption) ranges from 0.1 mm to 10 mm, and the smaller the particle size, the faster the water absorption rate.

In a preferred solution of the present invention, the filter screen is flexible, it is cylindrical under the action of the expansion force of the water-absorbing material (after water absorption), and the diameter of the cylinder is the same as the diameter of the explosive cartridge.

In a preferred solution of the present invention, the amount of the water-absorbing material in the filter screen is calculated according to the volume of the filter screen and the water absorption ratio of the water-absorbing material.

In a preferred solution of the present invention, the hole diameter of the filter screen is smaller than the particle size of the water-absorbing material (before water absorption), so as to ensure that the water-absorbing material does not leak from the filter screen.

In a preferred solution of the present invention, the explosive packs are generally emulsion explosives and ammonium explosives.

In a preferred solution of the present invention, the detonating equipment is generally a detonator and a detonating cord.

In a preferred solution of the present invention, the blockage is generally sand, soil and combinations thereof.

In a preferred solution of the present invention, the explosive cartridge may be an explosive cartridge for tunnel driving blasting, an explosive cartridge for step blasting in an open-pit mine, or the like.

A construction method for a blasting charge structure, comprising the following steps:

1) Design the diameter and length of the filter screen according to the diameter of the explosive cartridge;

2) Calculate the consumption of the water-absorbing material according to the volume of the filter screen and the water-absorbing multiple of the water-absorbing material;

3) sealing the water-absorbing material into the filter screen;

4) before charging, put the filter screen equipped with the water-absorbing material into water to soak;

5) When the filter screen is expanded into a cylindrical shape, take it out for use;

6) packing the described explosive with detonating equipment into the described explosive cartridge;

7) the above-mentioned water-absorbing material soaked in water and the rest of the explosive packs are loaded into the explosive cartridge in different orders;

8) loading the blockage into the orifice position of the explosive cartridge;

9) Detonate after the detonating equipment is connected to the Internet.

The working principle of the blasting charge structure of the present invention is to use the water-absorbing material with strong water-retaining capacity to introduce water into the explosive cartridge, and the water introduced into the explosive cartridge is absorbed by the water-absorbing material wrapped by the filter screen, and expands to form a water-containing material, which further blocks the explosive. cylinder. After the explosive is detonated, it is squeezed by the high-pressure gas generated by the explosion to atomize the water in the water-containing material. During the blasting process, the atomized water droplets absorb the harmful small particles of dust in the explosive gas, thereby reducing dust and cooling. It can prevent the water bag in the traditional hydraulic blasting from being cut by the rock on the hole wall of the explosive cartridge during the filling process, thereby causing the problem of water leakage, which in turn affects the hydraulic blasting effect and dust reduction effect.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The blasting charge structure provided by the present invention greatly reduces the pollution of blasting dust to the environment, and it avoids that the water bag in the traditional hydraulic blasting is broken by the rock of the hole wall of the explosive cartridge during the filling process, thereby causing the problem of water leakage, thereby affecting the water At the same time, after the explosive is detonated, it is squeezed by the high-pressure gas generated by the explosion to atomize the water in the water-containing material. During the blasting process, the atomized water droplets absorb the harmful small particles in the explosive gas. It reduces the harmful small particle dust in the air after blasting, and reduces the pollution of blasting dust to the environment. Operators are less likely to inhale the harmful small particles of dust after blasting, reducing the risk of occupational diseases.

2. The blasting charge structure provided by the present invention can be used to improve the safety of high-temperature blasting construction. It utilizes water to have a larger specific heat capacity, can absorb heat and release water vapor, so that the explosive and blasting equipment loaded into the explosive cartridge are in a wet state , so as to ensure that the explosives and detonating equipment are kept in a safe temperature environment for a certain period of time.

3. The blasting charge structure and its construction method provided by the present invention save time and effort in practical application, are easy to operate, are beneficial to on-site construction management, and have significant economic and social benefits.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the specific structural schematic diagram of the blasting charge structure in the first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the concrete structural schematic diagram of the blasting charge structure in the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a specific structural schematic diagram of the blasting charge structure in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Reference number:

Explosive cartridge-1; explosive pack-2; detonating equipment-3; blockage-4; cooling and dust-removing bag-5; filter screen-6; water absorbing material-7.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only It is a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. The orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that the product of the invention is usually placed in use, only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that The device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to differentiate the description and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the examples and accompanying drawings 1-3, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

Example 1

Referring to FIG. 1 , the blasting charge structure of the present invention includes: an explosive cartridge 1 , and an explosive pack 2 , a detonating device 3 , a blockage 4 and a cooling and dust removal device arranged inside the explosive cartridge 1 , and the blockage 4 is located in the explosive cartridge 1 . It is characterized in that the cooling and dust removal device includes several cooling and dust removal bags 5 formed by wrapping the water absorbing material 7 by the filter screen 6, and the cooling and dust removal bags 5 and the explosive charge bags 2 are arranged irregularly in the explosive cartridge 1 Installation; wherein, the water-absorbing material 7 is used for absorbing water or an aqueous solution, and the filter screen 6 is used for packaging the water-absorbing material 7 .

Wherein, the number of the explosive packs 2 is 7, the cooling and dust removal packs 5 are 4, the blockages 4 are 2 rolls, and the loading sequence of the explosive cartridge 1 from the bottom to the orifice is: the bottom is filled with 1 The cooling and dust-removing bag 5 is filled with 7 explosive bags 2 in the middle, 3 cooling and dust-removing bags 5 are filled in the part near the orifice, and 2 rolls of blockages 4 are installed in the orifice part.

The explosive cartridge 1 is a horizontal explosive cartridge 1 in tunnel driving and blasting, with a diameter of 42 mm and a hole depth of 4 m; the explosive cartridge 11 has a temperature of 20° and is a normal temperature explosive cartridge 1 .

Described water absorbing material 7 is super absorbent resin or sponge material or cotton, the particle size before super absorbent resin absorbs water is 1mm, can absorb more than 20 times of its own weight water, and has very strong water retention capacity, and particle size. The smaller, the faster the water absorption rate.

The filter screen 6 is a tea bag filter paper, which has soft characteristics and hydrophilicity, and is cylindrical under the action of the expansion force after the water absorbing material 7 absorbs water. The diameter of the cylinder is 32 mm and the length is 30 cm.

Since the density of the super absorbent resin is 1.08g/cm ³ , it can absorb water more than 20 times its own weight, that is, the volume of the absorbent resin can expand by about 20 times, while the volume of the filter screen 6 is 240 cm ³ . The mass of the super absorbent resin in the filter screen 6 is not less than 15g.

Since the particle size of the superabsorbent resin before water absorption is 1 mm, the diameter of the holes of the filter screen 6 is set to be 0.5 mm to ensure that the superabsorbent resin does not leak from the filter screen 6 .

Described explosive pack 2 is emulsion explosive, its diameter is 32mm, length is 30cm.

The detonating device 3 is an electronic digital detonator, which needs to be inserted into the explosive pack 2 to make the detonating cartridge 1 .

The proportion of the plug 4 is: soil:sand:water=5:1:1, which can be made by a popping mud machine, with a diameter of 32mm and a length of 30cm.

Embodiment 2

Referring to FIG. 2 , the difference from the first embodiment is that in the present embodiment, the quantity and arrangement order of each explosive pack 2 , cooling and dedusting pack 5 and blockage 4 in the explosive cartridge 1 are different, specifically:

Wherein, the number of the explosive packs 2 is 3, the cooling and dust removal packs 5 are 8, the blockages 4 are 2 rolls, and the loading sequence of the explosive cartridge 1 from the bottom to the orifice is: the bottom is filled with 3 Cooling and dust removal bag 5, its height is 0.3m, the middle part is charged with explosive bag 2 and cooling and dust removal bag 5, and three cooling and dust removal bags 5 are filled near the orifice with a height of 0.3m, and the orifice part is equipped with 2 Volume plug 4.

The explosive cartridge 1 is a vertical explosive cartridge 1 in step blasting in an open-pit coal mine, with a diameter of 140 mm and a hole depth of 13 m; the explosive cartridge 1 has a temperature of 200° and is a high-temperature explosive cartridge 1 .

Described water absorbing material 7 is super absorbent resin or sponge material or cotton, the particle size of super absorbent resin before water absorption is 0.5mm, can absorb more than 20 times of its own weight water, and has very strong water retention capacity, and the particle size is 0.5 mm. The smaller the diameter, the faster the water absorption rate.

The filter screen 6 is a tea bag filter paper, which has soft characteristics and hydrophilicity, and is cylindrical under the action of the expansion force of the water-absorbing material 7 after absorbing water. The diameter of the cylinder is 110 mm and the length is 10 cm.

Since the density of the super absorbent resin is 1.08g/cm ³ , it can absorb water more than 20 times its own weight, that is, the volume of the absorbent resin can expand by about 20 times, while the volume of the filter screen 6 is 950 cm ³ . The mass of the super absorbent resin in the filter screen 6 is not less than 45g.

Since the particle size of the superabsorbent resin before water absorption is 0.5 mm, the diameter of the holes of the filter screen 6 is set to be 0.3 mm to ensure that the superabsorbent resin does not leak from the filter screen 6 .

The explosive pack 2 contains emulsion explosives with a diameter of 110 mm and a length of 35 cm.

The detonating device 3 is a detonating cord, the outer diameter is 5mm, and its main component is Taian.

The blockage 4 is rock dust and sand around the orifice.

Embodiment 3

Referring to FIG. 2 , the difference from Embodiments 1 and 2 is that in the present embodiment, the quantity and arrangement order of each explosive pack 2 , cooling and dedusting pack 5 and blockage 4 in the explosive cartridge 1 are different, specifically:

The charging sequence of the charging structure from the bottom to the orifice is as follows: the bottom is equipped with a volume of cooling and dust removal bag 5, the height of which is 0.35m, the middle lower position is filled with emulsion explosive bag 2 with a height of 4.5m, and the middle part is filled with 2m of water-absorbent resin, 4.5m high emulsion explosive pack 2 is filled in the upper middle position, 2 rolls of cooling and dust removal packs 5 are filled near the orifice, and its height is 0.7m, and the orifice is equipped with a 4.45m blockage 4.

The explosive cartridge 1 is a vertical explosive cartridge 1 in step blasting in an open-pit coal mine, with a diameter of 140 mm and a hole depth of 16.5 m; the explosive cartridge 1 has a temperature of 20° and is a normal temperature explosive cartridge 1 .

Described water absorbing material 7 is super absorbent resin or sponge material or cotton, the particle size before super absorbent resin absorbs water is 1mm, can absorb more than 20 times of its own weight water, and has very strong water retention capacity, and particle size. The smaller, the faster the water absorption rate.

The filter screen 6 is a tea bag filter paper, which has soft characteristics and hydrophilicity, and is cylindrical under the action of the expansion force after the water absorbing material 7 absorbs water. The diameter of the cylinder is 110 mm and the length is 35 cm.

Since the density of the super absorbent resin is 1.08g/cm ³ , it can absorb more than 20 times its own weight of water, that is, the volume of the absorbent resin can expand by about 20 times, while the volume of the filter screen 6 is 3300 cm ³ . The mass of the super absorbent resin in the filter screen 6 is not less than 150g.

Since the particle size of the superabsorbent resin before water absorption is 1 mm, the hole diameter of the filter screen 6 is set to be 0.6 mm to ensure that the superabsorbent resin does not leak from the filter screen 6 .

The explosive is an emulsion explosive with a diameter of 110 mm and a length of 35 cm.

The detonating device 3 is an electronic digital detonator, which needs to be inserted into the explosive to make the detonating cartridge 1 .

The blockage 4 is rock dust and sand around the orifice.

Embodiment 4

Referring to Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, the construction method of the blasting charge structure of the present embodiment includes the following steps:

1) design the diameter and length of the filter screen 6 according to the diameter of the explosive cartridge 1;

2) Calculate the consumption of the water-absorbing material 7 according to the volume of the filter screen 6 and the water-absorbing multiple of the water-absorbing material 7;

3) sealing the water-absorbing material 7 into the filter screen 6;

4) before charging, put the filter screen 6 equipped with the water-absorbing material 7 into water and soak;

5) When the filter screen 6 is expanded into a cylindrical shape, it is taken out for use;

6) Loading the described explosive pack 2 with the detonating device 3 into the described explosive cartridge 1;

7) the above-mentioned water-absorbing material 7 soaked in water and the rest of the explosive packs 2 are loaded into the explosive cartridge 1 in different orders;

8) Load the blockage 4 into the orifice position of the explosive cartridge 1;

9) The detonating device 3 is connected to the Internet and detonated.

Referring to Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, the working principle of the blasting charge structure of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

The present invention utilizes the water-absorbing material 7 with strong water-retaining ability to introduce water into the explosive cartridge 1, so as to play the role of dust reduction and temperature reduction, which can prevent the water bag in the traditional hydraulic blasting from being damaged by the hole wall of the explosive cartridge 1 during the filling process. The rock is broken, resulting in the problem of water leakage, which in turn affects the effect of hydraulic blasting and dust reduction. The water introduced into the explosive cartridge 1 is absorbed by the water-absorbing material 7 wrapped by the filter screen 6 and expands to form a water-containing material, thereby blocking the explosive cartridge 1 . After the explosive is detonated, it is squeezed by the high-pressure gas generated by the explosion to atomize the water in the water-containing material. During the blasting process, the atomized water droplets absorb the harmful small particles of dust in the explosive gas, reducing the impact of the blasting dust on the environment. pollution.

The above are the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above-mentioned contents, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention are all Should be equivalent replacement manners, all are included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A blasting charge structure, characterized in that it comprises an explosive cartridge (1), and an explosive pack (2), a detonating device (3), a blockage (4) and a cooling and dedusting that are arranged inside the explosive cartridge (1) The device, wherein the blockage (4) is located at the orifice of the explosive cartridge (1), and is characterized in that the cooling and dust removal device comprises a plurality of cooling and dust removal bags ( 5), the cooling and dust bag (5) and the explosive bag (2) are arranged in an irregular arrangement in the explosive cartridge (1). 2 . The blasting charge structure according to claim 1 , wherein the water-absorbing material ( 7 ) is super-absorbent resin or sponge material or cotton. 3 . 3 . The blasting charge structure according to claim 2 , wherein the initial particle size of the water-absorbing material ( 7 ) ranges from 0.1 mm to 10 mm. 4 . 4 . The blasting charge structure according to claim 1 , wherein the diameter of the holes of the filter screen ( 6 ) is smaller than the initial particle size of the water-absorbing material ( 7 ). 5 . 5. The blasting charge structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, the filter screen (6) is flexible, and it is cylindrical under the action of the expansion force after the water-absorbing material (7) absorbs water, and the diameter of the cylinder is the same as that of the The diameters of the explosive cartridges (1) of the explosive cartridges (1) are the same. 6. The blasting charge structure according to claim 5, wherein the amount of the water-absorbing material (7) in the filter screen (6) is based on the volume of the filter screen (6) and the water absorption ratio of the water-absorbing material (7) Make settings. 7. a construction method applying the described blasting charge structure of claim 1-7, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 1) Design the diameter and length of the filter screen (6) according to the diameter of the explosive cartridge (1); 2) Calculate the consumption of the water-absorbing material (7) according to the volume of the filter screen (6) and the water-absorbing multiple of the water-absorbing material (7); 3) sealing the water-absorbing material (7) into the filter screen (6); 4) before charging, put the filter screen (6) equipped with the water-absorbing material (7) into water to soak; 5) After the filter screen (6) is expanded into a cylindrical shape, it is taken out for use; 6) Loading the described explosive pack (2) with the detonating device (3) in the described explosive cartridge (1); 7) the above-mentioned water-absorbing material (7) soaked in water and the rest of the explosive packs (2) are loaded into the explosive cartridge 1) in different orders; 8) Load the blockage (4) into the orifice position of the explosive cartridge (1); 9) The detonating device (3) is connected to the Internet and detonated.

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