CN111780636B - Device and method for high-temperature blasting of surface mine - Google Patents
Device and method for high-temperature blasting of surface mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111780636B CN111780636B CN201910268684.6A CN201910268684A CN111780636B CN 111780636 B CN111780636 B CN 111780636B CN 201910268684 A CN201910268684 A CN 201910268684A CN 111780636 B CN111780636 B CN 111780636B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for high-temperature blasting of a surface mine, wherein the device comprises a high-temperature blast hole, explosive, water particles, a detonating device and a plug; wherein the water particles are formed by adsorbing water or aqueous solution through super absorbent resin; the explosive and the water particles can be uniformly mixed after being stirred; the mixture of the explosive and the water particles is filled into the blast hole, so that the explosive and the initiation equipment are in a wet state, and the explosive and the initiation equipment are kept in a safe temperature environment within a certain time; the explosive, the water particles and the plug are bulk materials, so that the construction requirement of rapid explosive loading can be met, and the safety of high-temperature blasting construction is further improved. The invention has simple operation in practical application, is beneficial to on-site construction management, and has obvious economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature blasting, in particular to a device and a method for high-temperature blasting of a surface mine.
Background
The coal seam spontaneous combustion fire area in the open pit coal mine forms a great potential safety hazard for blasting stripping construction, and in order to ensure the safety of blasting mining, certain measures are required to be taken for blasting construction. At present, the high-temperature blast hole is generally subjected to water injection cooling, and the hole wall of the high-temperature blast hole becomes rough after the water injection cooling, so that the hole blocking condition is easy to occur when large-size explosives are filled, and the blasting safety risk is increased. In order to avoid the hole jamming condition, the granular explosives are generally used for filling, and the water resistance of the granular explosives is poor, so that the water injection must be stopped when the explosives are filled to prevent the explosives from losing efficacy. In addition, the currently used granular explosives have small diameters, and are easy to rush into cracks in high-temperature blast holes under the condition of water injection, so that the blasting effect is not ideal, and the water injection is required to be stopped when the granular explosives are filled. It follows that stopping the injection of water while charging the explosive results in a faster return of the temperature of the blasthole, thus increasing the safety risk of blasting.
Chinese patent application No. 201610981795.8 discloses a safe and fast blasting construction device and method in high temperature fire zone, the device adopts water-resistant explosive, its size is moderate, can carry out quick powder charge and sustainable water injection to ensure that explosive package and initiating equipment keep in safe temperature environment in a certain time, improve the security of high temperature blasting construction, nevertheless the needs of this method in the work progress are continuous the water injection, make the construction process too loaded down with trivial details, are unfavorable for the site operation management.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to: a device for high-temperature blasting of a surface mine is provided.
Another object of the invention is: a high-temperature blasting method for surface mine is provided.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a device for high-temperature blasting of a surface mine comprises a high-temperature blast hole, explosives, water particles, a detonating device and a plug; the water particles are granular and are solidified after water or aqueous solution is absorbed by super absorbent resin, and the water particles have larger specific heat capacity (same as water) and can absorb heat and release water vapor; the explosive is a bulk material and can be uniformly mixed with the water particles after being stirred; the high-temperature blast hole is provided with an explosive filling area and a plug filling area, and the plug filling area is positioned above the explosive filling area; the explosive and the water particles are uniformly mixed and then filled in an explosive filling area, the plug is filled in a plug filling area, and the initiating device is placed at the bottom of a blast hole; the mixture of the explosive and the water particles is filled into the blast hole, so that the explosive and the initiation equipment are in a wet state, the explosive and the initiation equipment are kept in a safe temperature environment within a certain time, and the safety of high-temperature blasting construction is improved.
Preferably, the content of the water particles is adjusted according to the temperature of a high-temperature blast hole, the content of the water particles is increased when the temperature of the blast hole is high, and the content of the water particles is reduced when the temperature of the blast hole is low, wherein the volume percentage of the blast hole is 0-50%.
Preferably, the hole pattern parameters of the high-temperature blast holes are adjusted according to the content of water particles in the blast holes, the hole pattern parameters of the blast holes are adjusted to be small when the content of the water particles is high, and the hole pattern parameters of the blast holes are adjusted to be large when the content of the water particles is low.
Preferably, the explosive has certain water resistance, can be normally detonated after being mixed with water particles, and can also be normally detonated under the condition that a small amount of water or high-temperature water vapor exists in a blast hole.
Preferably, the detonating device can detonate the mixture of the explosive and the water particles, one end of the detonating device is connected with the detonating network, the other end of the detonating device is fixed with the weight, and the end of the detonating device fixed with the weight is placed to the bottom of the blast hole; the detonation network is an irreversible detonation network; the maximum size of the plug is less than or equal to the radius of a blast hole; the maximum size of the weight is smaller than the radius of the blast hole and larger than 3 cm.
A high-temperature blasting construction method for a surface mine comprises the following steps:
step 7, pouring the explosive and the water particles into a stirrer according to the proportion and uniformly mixing;
step 8, respectively packaging the mixture of the explosive and the water particles and the plug by using woven bags before filling and placing the mixture on the edge of the hole opening of the blast hole;
9, the detonating personnel arrive at the detonating station after the detonating network is connected to check whether the network is normal;
step 10, quickly lowering a detonating device to the bottom of the blast hole;
step 11, pouring a mixture of explosive and water particles and a plug into an explosive filling area and a plug filling area of the blast hole from the woven bag in sequence respectively;
step 12, after all the high-temperature blast holes are constructed, all the personnel need to quickly withdraw from the blast area to a safe area;
and step 13, when the warning is confirmed to be abnormal, the blasting command issues a detonation command. After detonation, cutting off a power supply in time to separate the main line from the detonator;
and 14, checking the shot area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects.
1. The invention adopts super absorbent resin to absorb water or aqueous solution, then solidifies the liquid into water particles, then evenly mixes the explosive and the water particles according to a certain proportion and pours the mixture into an explosive filling area of a blast hole, wherein the water particles have larger specific heat capacity (same as water) and can absorb heat and release water vapor, so that the explosive and blasting equipment filled in the blast hole are in a wet state, thereby ensuring that the explosive and the blasting equipment are kept in a safe temperature environment within a certain time, and further improving the safety of high-temperature blasting construction.
2. The explosive, the water particles and the plug are bulk materials, so that the rapid loading construction requirement can be met, namely the total time for putting the detonating device down in all blast holes, filling the mixture of the explosive and the water particles and the plug is not more than 3 minutes, and the safety of high-temperature blasting construction is further improved.
3. The invention simplifies the construction process on the premise of ensuring the safety of high-temperature blasting construction, is simple and convenient to operate in practical application, is beneficial to on-site construction management, and has remarkable economic and social benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the location of the explosive, water particles and filler of the present invention in a blast hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a device for high-temperature blasting of a surface mine comprises a high-temperature blast hole 1, explosives 2, water particles 3, a detonating device 4 and a plug 5; the water particles 3 are formed by adsorbing water or aqueous solution through super absorbent resin, and the size of the water particles is slightly smaller than that of the explosive 2; the explosive 2 is a bulk material, the maximum size of the explosive is smaller than the radius of a blast hole, a gap is formed between the outer surfaces of the explosives after the explosives are placed in the blast hole, and the gap is filled with the water particles 3; the high-temperature blast hole 1 is provided with an explosive filling area and a plug filling area, and the plug filling area is positioned above the explosive filling area; the explosive 2 and the water particles 3 are filled in the explosive filling area, the plug 5 is filled in the plug filling area, and the detonating device 4 extends into the bottom of the high-temperature blast hole 1.
Preferably, the water particles have a large specific heat capacity (as with water), and can absorb heat and release water vapor.
Preferably, the explosive and the water particles are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 3: 1-10: 1;
preferably, the mixture of the explosive and the water particles and the plug are respectively pre-packaged by woven bags and then placed at the edge of the blast hole;
preferably, the explosive has certain water resistance, can be normally detonated after being mixed with water particles, and can also be normally detonated under the condition that a small amount of water or high-temperature water vapor exists in a blast hole;
preferably, the explosive is a powdery emulsion explosive or a colloidal emulsion explosive, and the colloidal emulsion explosive can be sensitized by a physical sensitizer or a chemical sensitizer, such as glass microspheres, perlite, NaNO2 and the like;
preferably, the explosive is spherical particles which can form voids in the explosive filling area, and the voids are filled with water particles;
preferably, the maximum size of the explosive does not exceed the radius of a blast hole, so that the situation of hole blocking does not occur during rapid loading;
preferably, the ratio of the largest dimension of the explosive to the largest dimension of the water particles is 4:1, for example, the largest dimension of the explosive is 1cm, 2cm, 3cm or 4cm, etc., and the largest dimension of the water particles is 0.25cm, 0.5cm, 0.75cm or 1cm, etc., respectively, which facilitates uniform mixing of the two.
Preferably, the maximum size of the plug does not exceed the radius of the blast hole, so that the situation of hole blockage does not occur during rapid plugging;
preferably, the maximum dimension of the plug is not more than 40mm, for example, 10mm, 20mm, 30mm or 35mm, the plug may be sand at the construction site, and the amount of the plug may be prepared according to the diameter of the blast hole and the length of the plug filling area.
Preferably, the detonating device can detonate the mixture of the explosive and the water particles, one end of the detonating device is connected with the detonating network, and the other end of the detonating device is connected with the heavy object 6, so that the mixture can be quickly put down to the bottom of the blast hole;
preferably, the detonating device has certain high temperature resistance, such as a common industrial detonating cord.
Preferably, the initiation network is an irreversible initiation network, which is beneficial to further improving the safety of the whole construction process.
Preferably, the maximum size of the weight is smaller than the radius of the blast hole and larger than 3cm, so that the initiation equipment can be conveniently and quickly brought to the bottom of the blast hole;
preferably, the weight may be stone at the construction site, with a maximum dimension of 6cm or less, for example: 3cm, 4cm or 5cm, etc., and the maximum size of the weight is the size of the longest position of the weight size.
Example two:
a high-temperature blasting construction method for a surface mine comprises the following steps.
The method comprises the following steps: and drilling the blasting area of the surface mine.
Step two: and measuring the temperature of the first drilled blast hole.
Step three: and adjusting the parameters of the blast hole mesh according to the measured temperature.
Step four: carrying out water injection and temperature reduction on the high-temperature blast hole;
in the step, the time for injecting water into the blast hole to cool is determined according to the highest temperature of the blast hole in the explosion area, and the water injection cooling is stopped before the explosive charging construction process.
Step five: the super absorbent resin is poured into water or water solution to form water particles.
Step six: and determining the content ratio of the explosive to the water particles according to the measured temperature of the blast hole.
Step seven: pouring the explosive and the water particles into a stirrer according to the proportion and uniformly mixing;
in the step, the explosive is a bulk material, and the maximum size of the explosive is smaller than the radius of a blast hole.
Step eight: respectively placing a mixture of an appropriate amount of explosive and water particles and a plug beside the orifice of the blast hole according to the depth of the blast hole;
in the step, the mixture of the explosive and the water particles and the plug are respectively packaged by woven bags and placed beside the opening of the blast hole before filling so as to facilitate quick filling.
Step nine: the detonation personnel arrive at the detonation station after the detonation network is connected to check whether the network is normal;
in this step, the priming circuit is an irreversible priming circuit, which is beneficial to further improving the safety of the whole construction process.
Step ten: quickly lowering a detonating device to the bottom of the blast hole;
in the step, one end of the detonating equipment is connected to the detonating network, the other end of the detonating equipment is fixed with the weight, and the end fixed with the weight is placed at the bottom of the blast hole.
Step eleven: pouring a mixture of explosive and water particles and a plug into an explosive filling area and a plug filling area of the blast hole from the woven bag in sequence respectively;
specifically, a mixture of explosive and water particles is quickly poured into an explosive filling area of the blast hole, then the plug is quickly poured into the plug filling area of the blast hole, and the total time of putting the detonating device down, filling the explosive and the plug in all the blast holes is not more than 3 minutes.
Step twelve: after all high-temperature blast hole constructions are completed, all personnel need to quickly withdraw from a blast area to a safe area.
Step thirteen: when the warning is confirmed to be abnormal, the blasting command issues a detonation command. After detonation, the power supply is cut off in time to separate the main line from the detonator.
Fourteen steps: and checking the cannon area.
The working process and the working principle of the invention.
The invention adopts super absorbent resin to absorb water or aqueous solution, then solidifies the liquid into water particles, then evenly mixes the explosive and the water particles according to a certain proportion and pours the mixture into an explosive filling area of a blast hole, wherein the water particles have larger specific heat capacity (same as water) and can absorb heat and release water vapor, so that the explosive and blasting equipment filled in the blast hole are in a wet state, thereby ensuring that the explosive and the blasting equipment are kept in a safe temperature environment within a certain time, and further improving the safety of high-temperature blasting construction.
The explosive adopted by the invention has certain water resistance, such as: the powdery emulsion explosive and the colloidal emulsion explosive can be normally detonated after being mixed with water particles, and can also be normally detonated under the condition that a small amount of water or high-temperature water vapor exists in a blast hole.
As the explosive, the water particles and the plug are bulk materials and have smaller sizes, the mixture of the explosive and the water particles and the plug can be quickly constructed by pouring into blast holes, so that the total time of putting the detonating equipment down in all the blast holes, filling the mixture of the explosive and the water particles and the plug is not more than 3 minutes, and the blasting safety of a high-temperature fire area is further improved.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a device for surface mine high temperature blasting which characterized in that: comprises a high-temperature blast hole, explosive, water particles, a detonating device and a plug; the water particles are granular and are formed by adsorbing water or aqueous solution through super-absorbent resin; the explosive is a bulk material and can be uniformly mixed with the water particles after being stirred; the high-temperature blast hole is provided with an explosive filling area and a plug filling area, and the plug filling area is positioned above the explosive filling area; the explosive and the water particles are uniformly mixed and then filled in an explosive filling area, the plug is filled in a plug filling area, and the initiating device is placed at the bottom of a blast hole; the mixture of the explosive and the water particles is filled into the blast hole, so that the explosive and the initiation equipment are in a wet state, the explosive and the initiation equipment are kept in a safe temperature environment within a certain time, and the safety of high-temperature blasting construction is improved.
2. The surface mine high temperature blasting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the content of the water particles is adjusted according to the temperature of a high-temperature blast hole, the content of the water particles is increased when the temperature of the blast hole is high, and the content of the water particles is reduced when the temperature of the blast hole is low, wherein the volume percentage of the blast hole is 0-50%.
3. The surface mine high temperature blasting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and adjusting the hole pattern parameters of the high-temperature blast holes according to the content of water particles in the blast holes, wherein the hole pattern parameters of the blast holes are adjusted to be small when the content of the water particles is high, and the hole pattern parameters of the blast holes are adjusted to be large when the content of the water particles is low.
4. The surface mine high temperature blasting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the explosive has certain water resistance, can be normally detonated after being mixed with water particles, and can also be normally detonated under the condition that a small amount of water or high-temperature water vapor exists in a blast hole.
5. The surface mine high temperature blasting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the detonation equipment can detonate a mixture of explosive and water particles, one end of the detonation equipment is connected with a detonation network in advance, the other end of the detonation equipment is fixed with a heavy object, and the end, fixed with the heavy object, of the detonation equipment is lowered to the bottom of the blast hole; the detonation network is an irreversible detonation network; the maximum size of the plug is less than or equal to the radius of a blast hole; the maximum size of the weight is smaller than the radius of the blast hole and larger than 3 cm.
6. A high-temperature blasting construction method for a surface mine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, drilling a blasting area of a surface mine;
step 2, measuring the temperature of the first drilled blast hole;
step 3, adjusting the parameters of the blast hole mesh according to the measured temperature;
step 4, performing water injection cooling on the high-temperature blast hole;
step 5, pouring the super-absorbent resin into water or water solution to form water particles;
step 6, determining the content ratio of the explosive and the water particles according to the measured blast hole temperature;
step 7, pouring the explosive and the water particles into a stirrer according to the proportion and uniformly mixing;
step 8, respectively packaging the mixture of the explosive and the water particles and the plug by using woven bags before filling and placing the mixture on the edge of the hole opening of the blast hole;
9, the detonating personnel arrive at the detonating station after the detonating network is connected to check whether the network is normal;
step 10, quickly lowering a detonating device to the bottom of the blast hole;
step 11, pouring a mixture of explosive and water particles and a plug into an explosive filling area and a plug filling area of the blast hole from the woven bag in sequence respectively;
step 12, after all the high-temperature blast holes are constructed, all the personnel need to quickly withdraw from the blast area to a safe area;
step 13, when the warning is confirmed to be abnormal, the blasting command is issued, and after the blasting command is initiated, the power supply is cut off in time to separate the main line from the detonator;
and 14, checking the shot area.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910268684.6A CN111780636B (en) | 2019-04-04 | 2019-04-04 | Device and method for high-temperature blasting of surface mine |
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| CN201910268684.6A CN111780636B (en) | 2019-04-04 | 2019-04-04 | Device and method for high-temperature blasting of surface mine |
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| CN111780636B true CN111780636B (en) | 2022-04-01 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5573307A (en) * | 1994-01-21 | 1996-11-12 | Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. | Method and apparatus for blasting hard rock |
| AUPR435901A0 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2001-05-17 | Blast-Tech Australia Pty Ltd | Method and apparatus for charging a blast hole |
| JP2008111656A (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2008-05-15 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | Explosive loading method |
| CN202974088U (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-06-05 | 浙江八达隧道工程有限公司 | High-water-absorption resin water cannon mud |
| JP2016524689A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2016-08-18 | アレン・パークＡｌｌｅｎ ＰＡＲＫ | Blasting system and method |
| JP3187783U (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2013-12-12 | 株式会社アンカー | Explosive loading set |
| KR102373063B1 (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2022-03-11 | 가부시키가이샤 닛폰 쇼쿠바이 | Particulate water absorber comprising water-absorbing resin as main component and process for manufacturing same |
| CN205979435U (en) * | 2016-07-24 | 2017-02-22 | 广州市飞乐越舞台灯光音响有限公司 | High -low pressure protection type lamps and lanterns cooling system |
| CN106643354B (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-06-01 | 宏大爆破有限公司 | A kind of high temperature flame range safely and fast blast working apparatus and method |
| CN208014827U (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-10-26 | 陈荣华 | A kind of soft-package battery with heat sinking function |
| CN109186389B (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2020-05-26 | 武汉大学 | Blast hole blocking method |
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