CN114960005A - 一种热湿调控智能织物、制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种热湿调控智能织物、制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种热湿调控智能织物、制备方法及应用,该制备方法包括基于棉纱的湿敏纤维的制备步骤,以及三维仿生鳞片针织结构织物的编织步骤;工艺简单,适应产业化生产,所织成的智能针织物基于三维仿生鳞片针织结构的热湿调控智能织物集辐射散热、蒸发散热与对流散热于一体,实现多模式耦合散热,且同时具备织物的柔软,舒适,透气,可洗性能,成为真正可穿的智能织物;易市场化,可广泛应用于消防、救援等特殊领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及智能织物技术领域,具体涉及智能响应针织物,特别涉及一种热湿调控 智能织物、制备方法及应用。
背景技术
智能织物是实现智能可穿的重要途径,也是当前科研与产业化研究的重要领域之一。智能织物的最终目的,需要通过感知外界刺激(光、热、湿、电、力、磁及化学材 料),从而产生动态响应,以服务于周围环境对人体带来的变化,作出反馈。人体热湿 舒适性管理是维持人体生命系统正常运转的关键,对于传统服装来说,多利用被动调温 方式,通过降低纺织材料厚度,增加透气性,降低热阻;或在特殊环境下,增加服装厚 度,增强隔热能力,从而维持正常体温。但被动调温方式功能作用方向唯一,难以应对 反向温度变化时,人体温度的维持,无法满足功能性服装及特种行业对服装舒适性的需 求。因此,响应性的智能热湿管理织物,可以感知环境变化,并作出反馈,构建主动调 温智能织物,在提高服装穿着舒适性的同时,实现对人体生理舒适性主动管理。在特殊 工作环境中,例如高温环境中作业人员(消防员、船舰人员等),因环境温度远高于皮 肤温度,基体散热唯一方式为蒸发,可以将人体多余产热带出身体,维持人体内各项机 能的正常运转。因此,具有湿度响应智能织物的研究是实现个人热管理的有效方式。
相关技术中,在响应性材料的选择上,聚乙烯、尼龙等定向聚合物、凝胶类材料、碳系材料等已经得到深入的研究,但其制作过程十分复杂,仅适用于实验室研究,无法 实现智能织物的市场化。此外,形状记忆类聚合物材料作为一种新型的功能高分子材料, 能够通过聚合物构型发生转变,以产生形态的恢复,但其对应用环境要求高,刺激条件 苛刻。在智能织物的应用上十分受限。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题与不足,本发明提供一种热湿调控智能织物、制备方法及 应用,该制备份方法工艺简单,适应产业化生产,所制成的智能针织物能够利用多模式散热方式耦合,实现对人体体表温度进行动态调节,易市场化,可广泛应用于消防、救 援等特殊领域。
一方面,本发明提供一种热湿调控智能织物的制备方法,包括基于棉纱的湿敏纤维 的制备步骤,以及三维仿生鳞片针织结构织物的编织步骤;
所述基于棉纱的湿敏纤维材料的制备步骤包括:
步骤1:将棉纱在碱性溶液中浸泡;
步骤2:将步骤1中所得到的纱线,在室温环境下用水清洗,再在盐酸溶液中浸泡;
步骤3:将步骤2中所得到的纱线在水中清洗;
步骤4:将步骤3中所得到的纱线在室温环境下干燥,获得基于棉纱的湿敏纤维;
所述三维仿生鳞片针织结构织物的编织步骤包括:
S5:利用全成形电脑横机自带设计系统,设计三维仿生鳞片针织结构;
S6:将S5中的制版程序,置入全成形电脑横机编织设定系统中,完成纱嘴排列, 设置编织速度;
S7:将所述基于棉纱的湿敏纤维股线喂入全成形电脑横机,编织三维仿生鳞片针织 结构织物。
可选地,所述碱性溶液为氢氧化钠溶液,所述氢氧化钠溶液的质量浓度范围为180-280g/L。
可选地,步骤1中浸泡的时间为2~4min。
可选地,所述棉纱可以是天然棉纤维、天然毛纤维、天然麻纤维、黏胶再生纤维、竹浆再生纤维中的任意一种或多种。
可选地,所述盐酸的质量浓度范围为1-3g/L。
可选地,所述在盐酸溶液中浸泡的时间为4-10min。
可选地,所述编织速度设置为0.3~0.4m/s。
可选地,S6中还包括调整上机线圈的大小松紧度及牵拉卷曲的速度,以保证顺利编织。
另一方面,本发明提供一种由上述任意一种制备方法得到的热湿调控智能织物,所 述热湿调控智能织物是采用基于棉纱的湿敏纤维,编织成的三维仿生鳞片针织结构。
又一方面,本发明提供一种所述的热湿调控智能织物在消防服、防护服中的应用。
与相关技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明所制备的湿敏纤维,采用氢氧化钠溶液进行处理,工艺简单,且处理效率高,成本低,可编织,且所获得的纤维对湿度变化灵敏,吸湿后直径膨胀明显,湿度 响应速度快,应用范围广泛。
2、本发明所织备的基于三维仿生鳞片针织结构的热湿调控智能织物,利用针织成形工艺,一体成形,缩短制备流程,降低生产成本,适应产业化生产需要,加速智能织 物的市场化进程。
3、本发明所制备的热湿调控智能织物,具有三维仿生鳞片针织结构的特点,实现辐射散热;当衣下微环境湿度变化,湿敏感纤维吸湿速度快,纤维直径膨胀明显,远离 皮肤,实现皮肤表面汗液的有效蒸发;进而鳞片层在环境刺激下,实现张开与闭合状态, 构建空气对流通道。该基于三维仿生鳞片针织结构的热湿调控智能织物集辐射散热、蒸 发散热与对流散热于一体,实现多模式耦合散热,且同时具备织物的柔软,舒适,透气, 可洗性能,成为真正可穿的智能织物。
当然,实施本发明的任一产品并不一定需要同时达到以上所述的所有技术效果。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与下面的具体 实施方式一起用于解释本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中:
图1为本发明一种示例性实施例中天然棉纤维的表面扫描电镜图。
图2为本发明一种示例性实施例中湿敏棉纤维表面扫描电镜图。
图3为本发明一种示例性实施例中三维仿生鳞片针织结构织物的结构示意图。
图4为本发明一种示例性实施例中热湿调控智能织物多模式耦合散热工作原理示意 图。
其中,4-1为人体皮肤;4-2为三维仿生鳞片结构针织物底层;4-3为三维仿生鳞片层;4+4为辐射散热示意图;4-5为蒸发散热示意图,放大部分为纤维直径变化示意图; 4-6为对流散热示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将对具体实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,基于本发明的具体实 施方式,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它具体实施 方式,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明中所涉及的名词解释:
三维仿生鳞片针织结构织物:表面呈现仿生鳞片特征的三维针织结构织物。
结晶度:是结晶区域在聚合物中所占的百分数。
下面结合具体的实施例,以说明本发明的技术方案:
在本发明的一个示例性实施例中,湿敏棉纤维制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将天然棉纤维浸泡在质量浓度为180g/L的氢氧化钠溶液中,浸泡时间为3分钟;当然,在另一些具体的实施方式中,氢氧化钠溶液的浓度可以是190g/L,200g/L,210g/L,220g/L,230g/L,240g/L,......280g/L等等,浸泡时间可以随着氢氧化钠溶液浓度的增大而缩短,浸泡时间保持在2~4min内。若氢氧化钠溶液的浓度低于180g/L,起 不到良好的纤维膨化作用;若其浓度高于280g/L,其水溶液形成的过程中,会释放大 量的热,导致溶液温度升高,破坏纤维膨化效果,因此需要将氢氧化钠溶液的质量浓度 范围设定在为180-280g/L,保持常温进行。
步骤2:对步骤1所得到的纱线在室温下进行等离子水清洗,并在2g/L的盐酸溶 液中浸泡4分钟;在另一些具体的实施方式中,盐酸的质量浓度可以是1g/L,1.5g/L, 2.5g/L,3g/L等等,浸泡时间可以随着氢盐酸浓度的增大而缩短,浸泡时间保持在4~10 min内。若盐酸的质量浓度低于1g/L,清洗效果差;若盐酸的质量浓度高于3g/L,在 较短的操作时间内容易损毁面纱。
步骤3:将步骤2中所得到的纱线用水清洗;
步骤4:对步骤3中所得到的纱线在室温环境下干燥,获得湿敏棉纤维。
本实施例中的天然棉纤维的表面扫描电镜图,参见图1;本实施例中湿敏棉纤维的扫描电镜图,参见图2。由图1和图2可以看出,处理后的棉纱纤维,即湿敏棉纤维的 横截面发生溶胀,纵向天然扭曲和皱纹消失,形成光滑的圆柱体,结晶度下降,通过X 射线衍射仪测定结晶度约为60-50%,取向度提高,明显高于天然棉纤维的结晶度 (70-75%),具有较高的吸湿能力与吸湿速率。
本实施例的三维仿生鳞片针织结构织物的编织步骤包括:
S5:利用全成形电脑横机自带设计系统,设计三维仿生鳞片针织结构;
S6:将S5中的制版程序,置入全成形电脑横机编织设定系统中,按照上机操作规范完成纱嘴排列,设置编织速度;本实施例中的编织速度设置为0.3~0.4m/s,以保证顺 利编织。在另一些具体的实施方式中,还可以调整线圈的大小松紧度及牵拉卷曲的速度, 与编织速度相适配,保证顺利编织。
S7:将湿敏棉纤维股线,喂入全成形电脑横机中,编织成三维仿生鳞片针织结构织物,即热湿调控智能织物,结构如图3所示。
在本发明的另一个示例性实施例中,将上述实施例中得到的三维仿生鳞片针织结构 织物,即热湿调控智能织物,当进行穿着时,以说明该热湿调控智能织物的湿热调控原理。
本发明具体实施方式的热湿调控智能织物工作示意图如图4所示。外界环境热量增 加时,由于鳞片织物多层的结构,可通过辐射散热实现部分热量的散发,参见图4中的4-4;随着人体皮肤温度升高,当衣下环境温度增加至35-40℃,湿度为60-80%,人体 表面出现显汗,湿敏棉纤维吸湿后,纤维直径膨胀明显,一部分皮肤表面温度通过蒸发 进行散热,参加图4中的4-5;经过0.2~0.5s,表面的鳞片层能够逐渐开启,形成空气 对流的通道,参见图4中的4-6,最终实现基于三维仿生鳞片针织结构的热湿调控智能 织物实现多模式耦合散热。
当衣下微环境温度和湿度恢复到31-34℃,40-45%时,表面的鳞片落下,关闭空气对流通道,实现对人体表面体温的动态调节。
综上,本发明通过对天然棉纤维进行处理,增加无定型区域,降低结晶度,提升吸湿膨胀性能,获得湿敏感棉纤维,再将其利用扭转方式形成股线,最后利用针织一线成 形工艺,制备三维仿生鳞片针织结构,形成空气对流通道,并且由于多层的织物结构特 性,同时具备辐射散热。
通过周围环境刺激,织物结构可根据环境变化,将鳞片进行打开或关闭,调节汗液蒸发及衣下微环境对流,保证服装的穿着舒适性,降低人体由于温度变化产生的热应激 反应,从而实现人体散热的有效管理。
本发明具体实施方式中的热湿调控智能织物,是采用基于棉纱的湿敏纤维,编织成 的三维仿生鳞片针织结构,可广泛应用特殊环境的服装,例如潜艇作业人员所穿戴的服装、消防人员的穿戴服装、各类防护服等,当然,也可以应用在日常运动服装领域。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员 在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本 发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (10)
1.一种热湿调控智能织物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括基于棉纱的湿敏纤维的制备步骤,以及三维仿生鳞片针织结构织物的编织步骤;
所述基于棉纱的湿敏纤维的制备步骤包括:
步骤1:将棉纱在碱性溶液中浸泡;
步骤2:将步骤1中所得到的纱线,在室温环境下水洗,然后在盐酸溶液中浸泡;
步骤3:将步骤2中所得到的纱线用水清洗;
步骤4:将步骤3中所得到的纱线在室温环境下干燥,获得基于棉纱的湿敏纤维;
所述三维仿生鳞片针织结构织物的编织步骤包括:
S5:利用全成形电脑横机自带设计系统,设计三维仿生鳞片针织结构;
S6:将S5中的制版程序,置入全成形电脑横机编织设定系统中,完成纱嘴排列,设置编织速度;
S7:将所述基于棉纱的湿敏纤维股线喂入全成形电脑横机,编织三维仿生鳞片针织结构织物,得到热湿调控智能织物。
2.如权利要求1所述的热湿调控智能织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱性溶液为氢氧化钠溶液,所述氢氧化钠溶液的质量浓度范围为180-280g/L。
3.如权利要求1所述的热湿调控智能织物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中浸泡的时间为2~4min。
4.如权利要求1所述的热湿调控智能织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述棉纱可以是天然棉纤维、天然毛纤维、天然麻纤维、黏胶再生纤维、竹浆再生纤维中的任意一种或多种。
5.如权利要求1所述的热湿调控智能织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述盐酸的质量浓度范围为1-3g/L。
6.如权利要求1所述的热湿调控智能织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述在盐酸溶液中浸泡的时间为4-10min。
7.如权利要求1所述的热湿调控智能织物的织备方法,其特征在于,所述编织速度设置为0.3~0.4m/s。
8.如权利要求1所述的热湿调控智能织物的制备方法,其特征在于,S6中还包括调整上机线圈的大小松紧度及牵拉卷曲的速度,以保证顺利编织。
9.一种由权利要求1~8任意一热湿调控智能织物的制备方法得到的热湿调控智能织物,其特征在于,所述热湿调控智能织物是采用基于棉纱的湿敏纤维,编织成的三维仿生鳞片针织结构。
10.一种如权利要求9所述的热湿调控智能织物在消防服、防护服中的应用。
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