CN114959354A - Steel-brass bimetallic material and manufacturing process and die thereof - Google Patents
Steel-brass bimetallic material and manufacturing process and die thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114959354A CN114959354A CN202210600227.4A CN202210600227A CN114959354A CN 114959354 A CN114959354 A CN 114959354A CN 202210600227 A CN202210600227 A CN 202210600227A CN 114959354 A CN114959354 A CN 114959354A
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/0081—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product pretreatment of the insert, e.g. for enhancing the bonding between insert and surrounding cast metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy smelting, in particular to a steel-brass bimetallic material, a manufacturing process and a die thereof. The brass can keep a high fit effect with a steel matrix, so that the performances of the brass and the steel are complementary, and the performance of the alloy material is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy smelting, in particular to a steel-brass bimetal material, a manufacturing process and a die thereof.
Background
The bimetal composite material has comprehensive performance which is difficult to satisfy by single metal. The solid-liquid bimetal composite casting has the characteristics of good interface combination, high production efficiency, wide alloy application range and the like, is more and more widely applied and becomes a hotspot of current research. Steel has better strength, plasticity and toughness, but is not suitable for being used as a friction joint surface. And the brass has higher strength and plasticity and also has better performances such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance and the like. Therefore, the steel-brass bimetal has wide application prospect. Traditional steel brass bimetal mostly adopts modes such as sand mould gravity casting, centrifugal casting, nevertheless can appear gas pocket, inclusion sediment, bonding strength scheduling problem inadequately more, leads to that whole mechanical strength is low, corrosion resisting property is relatively poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a steel-brass bimetal material, a manufacturing process and a die thereof, and the prepared steel-brass bimetal material has good mechanical effect and corrosion resistance by designing a targeted die and matching with an alloy material. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the steel-brass bimetal material comprises brass, a steel substrate and a zinc coating, and the manufacturing elements comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
brass, 0.001-0.02% of cerium, 0.005-0.05% of yttrium, 0.5-4% of aluminum, 0.1-1% of silicon, 0.011-0.18% of magnesium, 1-3% of iron, 70-78% of Cu and the balance of Zn;
a steel substrate, 0.003-0.008% of niobium, 0.01-0.1% of carbon, 0.001-0.004% of silicon, 1-3% of manganese, 0.1-0.3% of chromium, 0.33-0.46% of nickel, 0.004-0.005% of rhenium, 0.001-0.003% of titanium and the balance of iron.
Further, the preparation method of the steel-brass bimetal material comprises the following steps:
(1) surface treatment
Pouring the components of the steel matrix into a smelting furnace for smelting, carrying out forging and pressing forming to obtain the steel matrix, placing the steel matrix into acetone for soaking for 20-30 min, removing the acetone, drying the steel matrix, mixing the steel matrix with ethanol with the mass of 4-5 times of that of the steel matrix, soaking for 10-15 min, heating to 50-60 ℃, soaking for 3-5 min, removing the ethanol, drying the steel matrix, and carrying out surface sand blasting on the steel matrix at 80-90 ℃ for 13-17 min;
the mass ratio of the steel matrix to the acetone is 1: 3-5;
(2) electroplating of
Putting a steel substrate into a vertical electro-galvanizing bath, and forming a zinc coating on the surface of the steel substrate through a gravity electroplating process, wherein the concentration of a zinc sulfate solution is 105-110 g/L, the pH of the solution is 1-1.5, and the temperature of the solution is 50-55 ℃;
(3) preheating
Putting the steel substrate galvanized in the last step into a casting mold, putting the whole casting mold into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 760-800 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-3 hours to be poured;
(4) melting
Placing the raw materials of the brass into a smelting furnace, heating to 1240-1260 ℃, degassing the molten liquid after the brass is completely melted, covering and slagging with plant ash, transferring the molten brass into a casting ladle, and pouring the molten metal into a casting mold for casting when the temperature of the molten metal is 1140-1160 ℃;
(5) shaping of
Keeping the temperature of the casting mold at 1040-1080 ℃ for 7-8 h, turning off the heating source of the high-temperature furnace, and cooling in the air of the casting mold.
Furthermore, the casting mold comprises a tray (4), sand (5) is filled in the tray (4), an investment mold shell (6) is arranged on the sand (5), a gate (3) shaped like a Chinese character 'mi' is arranged in the middle of the investment mold shell (6), and the investment mold shell (6) sequentially comprises a steel billet (1) and a molten metal cavity (2) from inside to outside.
Further, the mass ratio of the brass to the steel matrix is 1-3: 2-5.
Further, the thickness of galvanizing coat is 10 ~ 15 um.
Further, the tray (4) is concave.
Furthermore, the gate (3) is m-shaped.
Further, the steel billet (1) is used for placing a galvanized steel matrix.
Further, the molten metal cavity (2) is used for pouring brass.
Has the advantages that:
the method removes various oil stains and dust adsorbates on the surface of the steel matrix by using acetone and ethanol which are organic agents with large polarity difference for cleaning, and after drying treatment, the surface is subjected to sand blasting to clean a surface oxide layer, so that niobium, rhenium and titanium on the surface of the steel matrix are fully exposed and fully contacted with a zinc coating, and the adhesion effect is good. And then, the chemical plating and electroplating are carried out, so that the generation of an oxide film on the metal surface of the steel matrix is prevented, and the wettability is improved. A mold is designed in a targeted manner, a film shell of an investment mold and a steel matrix are placed in a tray, sand is fully paved at the bottom of the tray, then sand is filled between the film shell and the tray, on one hand, the strength of the investment mold is increased, on the other hand, the effect of slow cooling and shortage is achieved in the cooling process, the whole casting mold is placed in a high-temperature furnace to be heated to 760-fold sand 800 ℃, the defects of sand adhesion, sand inclusion, sand holes and the like are overcome, the fitting degree between layers of a steel-brass material formed after brass is poured is good, good contact integrity is achieved, and the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance effect of the material can be improved. In addition, cerium and yttrium are used in the brass smelting process, so that the surface crystal grains of the brass are fine and are arranged orderly, the high-degree matching effect with a steel matrix can be kept, the performances of the brass and the steel are complementary, and the performance of the material is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing a structure of a mold for a mold of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 is a steel billet, 2 is a molten metal cavity, 3 is a gate shaped like a Chinese character 'mi', 4 is a tray, 5 is sand, and 6 is an investment mold shell.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection claimed is not limited to the description.
Example 1
The steel-brass bimetal material comprises brass, a steel substrate and a zinc coating, and the manufacturing elements comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
brass, cerium 0.001%, yttrium 0.005%, aluminum 0.5%, silicon 0.1%, magnesium 0.011%, iron 1%, Cu 70%, and Zn in balance;
a steel substrate, 0.003 percent of niobium, 0.01 percent of carbon, 0.001 percent of silicon, 1 percent of manganese, 0.1 percent of chromium, 0.33 percent of nickel, 0.004 percent of rhenium, 0.001 percent of titanium and the balance of iron;
the mass ratio of the brass to the steel substrate is 1: 2; the thickness of galvanizing coat is 10 um.
The preparation method of the steel-brass bimetal material comprises the following steps:
(1) surface treatment
Pouring the components of the steel matrix into a smelting furnace for smelting, carrying out forging and pressing forming to obtain the steel matrix, placing the steel matrix into acetone for soaking for 20min, removing the acetone, drying the steel matrix, mixing the steel matrix with ethanol with the mass of 4 times that of the steel matrix, soaking for 10min, heating to 50 ℃, soaking for 3min, removing the ethanol, drying the steel matrix, and treating the steel matrix for 13min at 80 ℃ by surface sand blasting;
the mass ratio of the steel matrix to the acetone is 1: 3;
(2) electroplating of
Putting a steel substrate into a vertical electro-galvanizing bath, and forming a zinc coating on the surface of the steel substrate by a gravity electroplating process, wherein the concentration of a zinc sulfate solution is 105g/L, the pH of the solution is 1, and the temperature of the solution is 50 ℃;
(3) preheating
Putting the steel substrate galvanized in the last step into a casting mold, putting the whole casting mold into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 760 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours to be poured;
(4) melting
Placing each raw material of brass into a smelting furnace, heating to 1240 ℃, degassing the molten liquid after the brass is completely melted, covering and slagging with plant ash, transferring the brass molten liquid to a casting ladle, and pouring the molten metal into a casting mold for casting when the temperature of the molten metal is 1140 ℃;
(5) shaping of
And (3) keeping the temperature of the casting mold at 1040 ℃ for 7h, closing a heating source of the high-temperature furnace, and cooling in casting air.
The casting mold comprises a tray (4), sand (5) is padded in the tray (4), an investment mold shell (6) is arranged on the sand (5), a gate (3) shaped like a Chinese character 'mi' is arranged in the middle of the investment mold shell (6), and the investment mold shell (6) sequentially comprises a steel billet (1) and a molten metal cavity (2) from inside to outside; the tray (4) is concave; the gate (3) is m-shaped; the steel billet (1) is used for placing a galvanized steel matrix; the molten metal cavity (2) is used for pouring brass.
Example 2
The steel-brass bimetal material comprises brass, a steel substrate and a zinc coating, and the manufacturing elements comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
0.02% of cerium, 0.05% of yttrium, 4% of aluminum, 1% of silicon, 0.18% of magnesium, 3% of iron, 78% of Cu and the balance of Zn;
a steel substrate, 0.008% of niobium, 0.1% of carbon, 0.004% of silicon, 3% of manganese, 0.3% of chromium, 0.46% of nickel, 0.005% of rhenium, 0.003% of titanium and the balance of iron;
the mass ratio of the brass to the steel matrix is 3: 5; the thickness of galvanizing coat is 15 um.
The preparation method of the steel-brass bimetal material comprises the following steps:
(1) surface treatment
Pouring the components of the steel matrix into a smelting furnace for smelting, carrying out forging and forming to obtain the steel matrix, placing the steel matrix into acetone for soaking for 30min, removing the acetone, drying the steel matrix, mixing the steel matrix with ethanol with the mass 5 times that of the steel matrix, soaking for 15min, heating to 60 ℃, soaking for 5min, removing the ethanol, drying the steel matrix, and carrying out surface sand blasting treatment on the steel matrix for 17min at the temperature of 90 ℃;
the mass ratio of the steel matrix to the acetone is 1: 5;
(2) electroplating of
Putting a steel substrate into a vertical electro-galvanizing bath, and forming a zinc coating on the surface of the steel substrate by a gravity electroplating process, wherein the concentration of a zinc sulfate solution is 110g/L, the pH of the solution is 1.5, and the temperature of the solution is 55 ℃;
(3) preheating
Putting the steel substrate galvanized in the last step into a casting mold, putting the whole casting mold into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 800 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 hours to be poured;
(4) melting
Placing the raw materials of the brass into a smelting furnace, heating to 1260 ℃, degassing the molten liquid after the brass is completely melted, covering the molten liquid with plant ash for slagging, transferring the molten brass into a casting ladle, and pouring the molten metal into a casting mold for casting when the temperature of the molten metal is 1160 ℃;
(5) shaping of
Keeping the temperature of the casting mold at 1080 ℃ for 8h, closing a heating source of a high-temperature furnace, and cooling in casting air.
The casting mold comprises a tray (4), sand (5) is padded in the tray (4), an investment mold shell (6) is arranged on the sand (5), a gate (3) shaped like a Chinese character 'mi' is arranged in the middle of the investment mold shell (6), and the investment mold shell (6) sequentially comprises a steel billet (1) and a molten metal cavity (2) from inside to outside; the tray (4) is concave; the gate (3) is m-shaped; the steel billet (1) is used for placing a galvanized steel matrix; the molten metal cavity (2) is used for pouring brass.
Example 3
The steel-brass bimetal material comprises brass, a steel substrate and a zinc coating, and the manufacturing elements comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
brass, cerium 0.009%, yttrium 0.0058%, aluminum 0.54%, silicon 0.11%, magnesium 0.018%, iron 1.3%, Cu 70.78%, and Zn the balance;
a steel substrate, 0.008% of niobium, 0.01% of carbon, 0.004% of silicon, 1% of manganese, 0.3% of chromium, 0.33% of nickel, 0.005% of rhenium, 0.001% of titanium and the balance of iron;
the mass ratio of the brass to the steel matrix is 3: 2.5; the thickness of galvanizing coat is 15 um.
The preparation method of the steel-brass bimetal material comprises the following steps:
(1) surface treatment
Pouring the components of the steel matrix into a smelting furnace for smelting, carrying out forging and pressing forming to obtain the steel matrix, placing the steel matrix into acetone for soaking for 20min, removing the acetone, drying the steel matrix, mixing the steel matrix with ethanol with the mass of 5 times of that of the steel matrix, soaking for 15min, heating to 50 ℃, soaking for 5min, removing the ethanol, drying the steel matrix, and treating the steel matrix for 13min at 90 ℃ by surface sand blasting;
the mass ratio of the steel matrix to the acetone is 1: 5;
(2) electroplating of
Putting a steel substrate into a vertical electro-galvanizing bath, and forming a zinc coating on the surface of the steel substrate by a gravity electroplating process, wherein the concentration of a zinc sulfate solution is 110g/L, the pH of the solution is 1, and the temperature of the solution is 50 ℃;
(3) preheating
Putting the steel substrate galvanized in the last step into a casting mold, putting the whole casting mold into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 800 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours to be poured;
(4) melting
Placing the raw materials of the brass into a smelting furnace, heating to 1260 ℃, degassing the molten liquid after the brass is completely melted, covering the molten liquid with plant ash and slagging off, transferring the molten brass into a casting ladle, and pouring the molten metal into a casting mold for casting when the temperature of the molten metal is 1140 ℃;
(5) shaping of
Keeping the temperature of the casting mould at 1080 ℃ for 7hh, closing the heating source of the high-temperature furnace, and cooling in the air of the casting mould.
The casting mold comprises a tray (4), sand (5) is padded in the tray (4), an investment mold shell (6) is arranged on the sand (5), a gate (3) shaped like a Chinese character 'mi' is arranged in the middle of the investment mold shell (6), and the investment mold shell (6) sequentially comprises a steel billet (1) and a molten metal cavity (2) from inside to outside; the tray (4) is concave; the gate (3) is m-shaped; the steel billet (1) is used for placing a galvanized steel matrix; the molten metal cavity (2) is used for pouring brass.
To illustrate the technical effects of the present invention, the comparative examples were designed as follows:
| comparative example 1 | The difference from the embodiment 1 is that cerium is not added in the raw materials for manufacturing the brass; |
| comparative example 2 | The difference from the embodiment 1 is that yttrium is not added in the raw materials for manufacturing the brass; |
| comparative example 3 | The difference from the embodiment 1 is that niobium is not added in the raw materials for manufacturing the steel matrix; |
| comparative example 4 | The difference from example 1 is that no rhenium is added to the steel substrate making raw material. |
Test examples
Steel-brass materials were produced according to examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4, respectively, and the materials were made to a thickness of 10mm, and tested for mechanical properties as follows:
| Rp0.2/MPa | Rm/MPa | weekly immersion corrosion rate/%) | Impact work at-60 ℃ J | |
| Example 1 | 623.35 | 677.41 | 0.21 | 149.06 |
| Example 2 | 633.19 | 680.06 | 0.18 | 151.16 |
| Example 3 | 629.51 | 683.99 | 0.23 | 155.92 |
| Comparative example 1 | 538.47 | 611.47 | 0.57 | 123.44 |
| Comparative example 2 | 542.86 | 632.19 | 0.52 | 121.97 |
| Comparative example 3 | 557.32 | 626.51 | 0.48 | 117.86 |
| Comparative example 4 | 529.73 | 622.33 | 0.55 | 130.08 |
As can be seen from the table, the mechanical property of the steel-brass material prepared by the method is obviously improved, the steel-brass material also has good property release at low temperature, good corrosion resistance effect and excellent use value.
Claims (9)
1. The steel-brass bimetal material is characterized by comprising brass, a steel substrate and a zinc coating, wherein the manufacturing elements comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
brass, 0.001-0.02% of cerium, 0.005-0.05% of yttrium, 0.5-4% of aluminum, 0.1-1% of silicon, 0.011-0.18% of magnesium, 1-3% of iron, 70-78% of Cu and the balance of Zn;
a steel substrate, 0.003-0.008% of niobium, 0.01-0.1% of carbon, 0.001-0.004% of silicon, 1-3% of manganese, 0.1-0.3% of chromium, 0.33-0.46% of nickel, 0.004-0.005% of rhenium, 0.001-0.003% of titanium and the balance of iron.
2. The steel-brass bimetallic material of claim 1, wherein the method of making comprises:
(1) surface treatment
Smelting a steel matrix material in a smelting furnace according to requirements, carrying out forging and pressing forming to obtain a steel matrix, placing the steel matrix into acetone, soaking for 20-30 min, removing the acetone, drying the steel matrix, mixing the steel matrix with ethanol with the mass 4-5 times that of the steel matrix, soaking for 10-15 min, heating to 50-60 ℃, soaking for 3-5 min, removing the ethanol, drying the steel matrix, and carrying out surface sand blasting on the steel matrix for 13-17 min at the temperature of 80-90 ℃;
the mass ratio of the steel matrix to the acetone is 1: 3-5;
(2) electroplating of
Putting a steel substrate into a vertical electro-galvanizing bath, and forming a zinc coating on the surface of the steel substrate through a gravity electroplating process, wherein the concentration of a zinc sulfate solution is 105-110 g/L, the pH of the solution is 1-1.5, and the temperature of the solution is 50-55 ℃;
(3) preheating
Putting the steel substrate galvanized in the last step into a casting mold, putting the whole casting mold into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 760-800 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-3 hours to be poured;
(4) melting
Placing the raw materials of the brass into a smelting furnace, heating to 1240-1260 ℃, degassing the molten liquid after the brass is completely melted, covering and slagging with plant ash, transferring the molten brass into a casting ladle, and pouring the molten metal into a casting mold for casting when the temperature of the molten metal is 1140-1160 ℃;
(5) shaping of
Keeping the temperature of the casting mold at 1040-1080 ℃ for 7-8 h, closing the heating source of the high-temperature furnace, and cooling in the casting air.
3. The steel-brass bimetallic material of claim 2, wherein the casting mold comprises a tray (4), sand (5) is filled in the tray (4), an investment mold shell (6) is arranged on the sand (5), a gate (3) shaped like a Chinese character 'mi' is arranged in the middle of the investment mold shell (6), and the investment mold shell (6) sequentially comprises a steel billet (1) and a molten metal cavity (2) from inside to outside.
4. The steel-brass bimetallic material of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of brass to steel substrate is 1-3: 2-5.
5. The steel-brass bimetal material of claim 1, wherein the galvanized layer has a thickness of 10 to 15 um.
6. A steel-brass bimetallic material as in claim 3, characterized in that the tray (4) is concave.
7. The steel-brass bimetal of claim 3, wherein the mitre gates (3) are m-shaped.
8. A steel-brass bimetallic material as in claim 3, characterized in that said steel blank (1) is intended for the placement of a galvanized steel substrate.
9. A steel-brass bimetallic material as in claim 3, wherein said molten metal cavity (2) is used for casting brass.
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| CN112874058A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-06-01 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Copper-steel solid-liquid composite bimetallic material for buildings and preparation method thereof |
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