CN110042281B - Cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110042281B CN110042281B CN201910329232.4A CN201910329232A CN110042281B CN 110042281 B CN110042281 B CN 110042281B CN 201910329232 A CN201910329232 A CN 201910329232A CN 110042281 B CN110042281 B CN 110042281B
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 113
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 105
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URRHWTYOQNLUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[P] Chemical compound [AlH3].[P] URRHWTYOQNLUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YNDGDLJDSBUSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum strontium Chemical compound [Al].[Sr] YNDGDLJDSBUSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components: si: 7.5-8.5%, Cu: 2.5-2.7% and Dy: 0.35-0.45%, P: 0.02-0.04%, Sc: 0.1-0.2%, Ti: 0.15-0.19%, Mg: 0.4-0.8% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.2% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ni and the balance of Al, wherein the percentages are weight percentages. The preparation method comprises the steps of melting in a dry argon environment, melt rotating, blowing, degassing treatment, pouring, solid solution aging treatment and the like. The cast aluminum alloy prepared by the method has high yield strength, high elongation after fracture and good impact toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the increasing requirements for light weight and structural stability of high-speed mechanical transmission devices, the link members bearing high-speed transmission and impact loads in the high-speed mechanical transmission devices face challenges of reducing self weight and improving plastic deformation resistance due to the conditions of large number of link members in the transmission devices, high-precision dynamic motion adaptability requirements and the like. At present, the steel chain link is subjected to material substitution and structure optimization design by adopting cast aluminum alloy, so that the requirement on light weight is basically met, but the conventional cast aluminum alloy is difficult to adapt to the plastic deformation change of the chain link member under the dynamic load and the impact load which are continuously lifted due to the lower yield strength and the elongation after fracture. Therefore, the development of the cast aluminum alloy material which has high yield strength, high elongation after fracture and high impact toughness value and can be efficiently and continuously produced has important practical significance for promoting the weight reduction and the efficiency increase of the chain link component and improving the overall stability technical level of the high-speed mechanical transmission device.
Although document CN109295352A discloses a high-conductivity aluminum alloy with yield strength higher than 350MPa and a preparation method thereof, the preparation of the aluminum alloy material with yield strength not less than 350MPa at room temperature is realized by adopting optimized casting components, semi-continuous casting, hot extrusion forming and other processes. However, the preparation process of the material is complex, the hot extrusion process is a key strengthening step for improving the performance of the material, and the high-yield strength member is difficult to prepare through a casting process, so that the high mechanical property advantage of the material is exerted. The document CN108559882A discloses a formula of a high-yield-strength aluminum alloy and smelting key equipment thereof, multiple strengthening alloy elements are compositely added into an aluminum matrix, the material preparation is realized through uniform and rapid melt stirring and die casting processes of a permanent magnet, the material has good component stability, the yield strength can reach 328MPa, the preparation process is reasonable and smooth, and the material is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. But the elongation after fracture of the formed aluminum alloy is very low, so that the aluminum alloy can generate an instant brittle fracture phenomenon without plastic deformation under an instant overload condition, and based on factors such as reliability and the like, the material in the state is generally used for preparing non-critical heavy parts bearing static load, and the complex and high-precision motion matching working conditions of a chain link component are difficult to meet. Document CN106191569 discloses a wear-resistant high-silicon aluminum alloy for a dry automobile piston and a preparation method thereof, wherein silicon and copper elements are used as main alloy phases, aluminum-phosphorus, aluminum-strontium and aluminum-rare earth alloy are used as modifiers, and a high-performance aluminum alloy material with yield strength up to 385MPa and elongation up to 14% is obtained through smelting and casting molding processes. The method adopts phosphorus, strontium and rare earth elements for modification treatment, wherein the phosphorus element mainly plays a role of refining primary crystal silicon, and the strontium element plays a role of refining eutectic silicon, when the phosphorus element and the strontium element are simultaneously present in an alloy melt, the phosphorus element and the strontium element can locally form compounds in the melt, the refining effect of the strontium element is reduced to a certain extent, although the interaction between the phosphorus element and the strontium element can be reduced or eliminated by increasing the addition amount of the strontium element, the method is not favorable for cost control of the process of centralized smelting and batch casting. In addition, the tensile strength of the material disclosed in the patent is 450MPa, the impact toughness value of the material is not involved, the yield ratio of the alloy material is about 0.856, and if the chain link member bearing dynamic impact is prepared by using the material, the problems of insufficient tensile strength, high material yield ratio and large material brittleness trend exist, and the complex multi-load working stability requirement of the chain link member under the actual working condition is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cast aluminum alloy with high yield strength, high elongation after fracture and good impact toughness.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A cast aluminum alloy, comprising:
si: 7.5-8.5%, Cu: 2.5-2.7%, Dy (dysprosium): 0.35-0.45%, P: 0.02 to 0.04%, Sc (scandium): 0.1-0.2%, Ti: 0.15-0.19%, Mg: 0.4-0.8% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.2% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ni and the balance of Al, wherein the percentages are weight percentages.
Preferably, the cast aluminum alloy consists of the following components: si: 7.5%, Cu: 2.7%, Dy: 0.45%, P: 0.02%, Sc: 0.15%, Ti: 0.15%, Mg: 0.4%, Fe: 0.1%, Mn: 0.06%, Zn: 0.03%, Ni: 0.02 percent, and the balance of Al, wherein the percent is weight percent.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the cast aluminum alloy.
The preparation method of the cast aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
step 1: respectively carrying out dry sand blasting on 99.98 wt% of high-purity aluminum ingot, aluminum 10 titanium intermediate alloy, aluminum 30 silicon intermediate alloy and 99.8 wt% of pure magnesium ingot, preheating to 300-340 ℃, adding the preheated high-purity aluminum ingot, aluminum 10 titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum 30 silicon intermediate alloy into a crucible according to a proper proportion (the proper proportion is calculated according to the proportion of components of cast aluminum alloy), heating and melting in a dry argon environment to obtain a melt A, and controlling the temperature of the melt A at 690-700 ℃;
step 2: stirring the melt A, adding 99.8 wt% of pure magnesium ingot preheated to 300-340 ℃ into the melt A, heating and melting in a dry argon environment to obtain a melt B, and preserving heat for 16-20 minutes when the temperature of the melt B reaches 730-740 ℃;
and step 3: carrying out high-purity argon rotary blowing degassing treatment on the melt B by adopting a gas refiner; preferably, the purity of the argon gas is not less than 99.99%, and the flow rate of the argon gas is 0.16 to 0.22m3The rotation speed is 500-540 r/min, the argon pressure is 0.3-0.32MPa, and the treatment time is 23-26 min;
and 4, step 4: heating the melt B to 780-790 ℃, and preserving heat for 10-13 minutes; when the melt B begins to keep warm, placing an Al-Cu-P-Sc-Dy prefabricated body which is cast and formed under the vacuum condition into a steel casting ladle which is sprayed with graphite-based protective coating, and aligning the small end of the prefabricated body with the opening part of the lower wall of the casting ladle; preheating a casting ladle until the temperature of the inner surface of the casting ladle reaches 420-460 ℃;
and 5: submerging a casting ladle into the surface of the melt B, slowly sinking the casting ladle to enable the melt B to enter the casting ladle from an opening part of the lower wall of the casting ladle, and enabling the melt B to enter the casting ladle and gradually melt the Al-Cu-P-Sc-Dy preform to obtain a melt C; with the entering of the melt B, in a time period of 0.3 to 0.5s before the surfaces of the aluminum alloy melt inside and outside the casting ladle are superposed (namely, in a time period of 0.3 to 0.5s before the surfaces of the aluminum alloy melt inside the casting ladle and the aluminum alloy melt outside the casting ladle are just positioned on the same horizontal plane), a stopper rod is adopted to seal the open hole of the lower wall of the casting ladle;
step 6: lifting the casting ladle to enable the bottom of the casting ladle to be separated from the upper surface of the melt C, and keeping a distance of 10-15 mm with the upper surface of the melt C; stirring the melt C for 10-20 minutes;
and 7: transferring the casting ladle to a casting forming station, enabling the opening part at the lower part of the casting ladle to be matched with the pouring gate, lifting the plug rod, and enabling the melt C to enter a mold cavity to complete casting forming;
and 8: carrying out solid solution aging treatment on the cast molded body, placing the molded body subjected to the solid solution aging treatment in an environment at 45-55 ℃ for 28-32 h, then preserving the heat in an aging furnace at 170-180 ℃ for 6.5-7.5 h, and naturally cooling in air at 10-40 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished; preferably, the solution treatment temperature is 530-538 ℃, the solution treatment time is 140-165 minutes, and the quenching medium in the aging treatment process is 80-86 ℃ tap water.
Has the advantages that: the method can increase the effective diffusion area of alloy elements and shorten the solution treatment time, the solution treatment time is only 140-165 minutes, and compared with the 8-hour solution treatment time specified by the national standard, the solution treatment time is shortened by 65.63-70.83%; the method of the invention can not only form binary or ternary strengthening phase in the aluminum alloy to block Mg2The growth and aggregation of Si phase can achieve double-effect enhancement effect on the aluminum alloy matrix and the crystal boundary; the cast aluminum alloy prepared by the method has high yield strength, high elongation after fracture and good impact toughness, the tensile strength of the cast aluminum alloy can reach 482MPa, the yield strength can reach 387MPa, and the elongation after fracture can reach 16.5 percent; the Akv value can reach 15.6J/cm by testing according to a GB229-1994 metal Charpy notched impact test method2。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus for preparing a cast aluminum alloy of the present invention, in which 1-gas inlet, 2-crucible cover, 3-, crucible, 4-first level probe, 5-inner cover, 6-stirring device, 7-lifting device, 8-stopper rod, 9-preform, 10-ladle, 11-second level probe, 12-melting furnace, 13-hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings, wherein the following embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make some simple substitutions or modifications according to the content of the present invention.
Example 1
A cast aluminum alloy consisting of the following composition: si: 7.5%, Cu: 2.7%, Dy: 0.45%, P: 0.02%, Sc: 0.15%, Ti: 0.15%, Mg: 0.4%, Fe: 0.1%, Mn: 0.06%, Zn: 0.03%, Ni: 0.02 percent and the balance of Al, wherein the percentage is weight percentage.
The preparation method of the cast aluminum alloy in the embodiment is as follows:
step 1: respectively carrying out dry sand blasting on 99.98 wt% of high-purity aluminum ingot, aluminum 10 titanium intermediate alloy, aluminum 30 silicon intermediate alloy and 99.8 wt% of pure magnesium ingot, respectively preheating to 300 ℃, adding all the high-purity aluminum ingot, aluminum 30 silicon intermediate alloy and aluminum 10 titanium intermediate alloy which are prepared according to a proper proportion (the proper proportion is calculated according to the proportion of components of cast aluminum alloy in the embodiment) into a silicon carbide crucible 3 in a resistance smelting furnace 12 for heating, introducing 99.8% of purity into the crucible 3 through an air inlet 1 (a crucible cover 2 is arranged at the upper part of a smelting furnace opening, an inner cover 5 is arranged at the middle part of the crucible cover 2, an air inlet 1 is arranged at the side wall of the crucible cover 2, and the flow is 1m as shown in figure 1)3Drying argon gas for h until furnace charge in the crucible 3 is melted to obtain a melt A, wherein the temperature of the melt A is controlled at 690 ℃;
step 2: removing the crucible cover 2 from the crucible 3, disconnecting the heating power supply of the smelting furnace 12, and circumferentially stirring the melt A from top to bottom by using a stirring tool made of graphite for 3 min; then adding pure magnesium ingot preheated to 300 ℃ into the melt A by using an iron clamp, covering a crucible cover 2 above a smelting furnace 12, and introducing 99.8% purity and 1.8m flow into a crucible 33Drying argon gas for h, electrifying and heating to obtain a melt B, and preserving heat for 20 minutes when the temperature of the melt B reaches 740 ℃;
and step 3: after the heat preservation of the melt B is finished, removing an inner cover 5 in the middle of the crucible cover 2, and performing high-purity argon rotary blowing degassing treatment on the melt B by adopting a gas refiner; wherein the purity of argon is not less than 99.99%, and the flow of argon is 0.2m3The rotation speed is 520 revolutions per minute, the argon pressure is 0.3MPa, and the treatment time is 25 minutes;
and 4, step 4: after the rotary blowing degassing is finished, the inner cover 5 is placed back on the crucible cover 2, the temperature of the melt B is raised to 780 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10 minutes; when the melt B begins to keep warm, placing an Al-Cu-P-Sc-Dy thin-wall horn-shaped prefabricated body 9 which is cast and formed under the vacuum condition into a steel casting ladle 10 which is sprayed with graphite-based protective coating, and aligning the small end of the prefabricated body 9 with the opening part of the lower wall of the casting ladle 10 (the lower wall of the casting ladle 10 is provided with a hole 13); preheating the casting ladle 10 until the temperature of the inner surface of the casting ladle 10 reaches 460 ℃;
and 5: when the melt B finishes heat preservation treatment at 780 ℃ and the casting ladle 10 is preheated, removing the inner cover 5 in the middle of the crucible cover 2, vertically and slowly immersing the casting ladle 10 into the surface of the melt B, sinking the casting ladle 10 to ensure that the melt B enters the casting ladle 10 from the opening 13 part of the lower wall of the casting ladle 10 (along with the descending of the casting ladle 10, the melt B in the crucible 3 enters the casting ladle 10 from the opening 13 part of the lower wall of the casting ladle 10), and the melt B enters the casting ladle 10 and gradually melts the Al-Cu-P-Sc-Dy thin-wall horn-shaped preform 9 to obtain a melt C; with the entering of the melt B, in a time period of 0.3 to 0.5s before the surfaces of the aluminum alloy melts inside and outside the casting ladle 10 are overlapped, the open hole of the lower wall of the casting ladle 10 is sealed by the plug rod 8;
step 6: after the stopper rod 8 and the bottom of the casting ladle 10 form close fit (sealing), the casting ladle 10 is vertically lifted through the lifting device 7, so that the bottom of the casting ladle 10 is separated from the surface of the melt C and keeps a distance of 15mm from the surface of the melt C; then starting the ultrasonic homogenizing and stirring devices 6 on the two sides of the upper cover of the casting ladle 10, and stirring the melt C for 10 min;
and 7: after the ultrasonic stirring is finished, transferring the casting ladle 10 to a casting forming station, enabling the part of the opening 13 at the lower part of the casting ladle 10 to be attached to a pouring gate, enabling the center of the opening 13 at the lower part of the casting ladle 10 to be aligned with the center of the pouring gate, lifting the plug rod 8, and enabling the melt C to enter a mold cavity until the casting forming is finished;
and 8: carrying out solid solution aging treatment on the cast molded body, wherein the solid solution treatment temperature is 538 ℃, the solid solution treatment time is 140min, and the quenching medium for aging treatment is tap water at 84 ℃; and (3) placing the molded body after the solution aging treatment in an environment at 45 ℃ for 32h, then preserving the heat in an aging furnace at 170 ℃ for 7.5h, naturally cooling in the air at 10 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished, and taking out the aluminum alloy molded body.
The cast aluminum alloy sample obtained in this example was selected asAccording to the GB228.1-2010 metal material tensile test, the first part: room temperature test method for room temperature mechanical property test, the tensile strength of the sample is 482MPa, the yield strength is 387MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 16.5%; the test is carried out according to the method of GB229-1994 metal Charpy notched impact test, and the Akv value of the sample is 15.6J/cm2。
Example 2
A cast aluminum alloy consisting of the following composition: si: 8.5%, Cu: 2.5%, Dy: 0.45%, P: 0.04%, Sc: 0.2%, Ti: 0.19%, Mg: 0.8%, Fe: 0.2%, Mn: 0.1%, Zn: 0.1%, Ni: 0.1 percent and the balance of Al, wherein the percentage is weight percentage.
The preparation method of the cast aluminum alloy in the embodiment is as follows:
step 1: respectively carrying out dry sand blasting on 99.98 wt% of high-purity aluminum ingot, aluminum 10 titanium intermediate alloy, aluminum 30 silicon intermediate alloy and 99.8 wt% of pure magnesium ingot, respectively preheating to 340 ℃, adding all the high-purity aluminum ingot, aluminum 30 silicon intermediate alloy and aluminum 10 titanium intermediate alloy which are prepared according to a proper proportion (the proper proportion is calculated according to the proportion of components of cast aluminum alloy in the embodiment) into a silicon carbide crucible in a resistance smelting furnace for heating, introducing 99.8% of purity and 1.3m of flow into the crucible through an air inlet (a crucible cover is arranged at the upper part of a smelting furnace opening, an inner cover is arranged at the middle part of the crucible cover, and an air inlet is arranged on the side wall of the crucible cover)3Drying argon gas for h until furnace charge in the crucible is melted to obtain a melt A, wherein the temperature of the melt A is controlled at 700 ℃;
step 2: removing the crucible cover from the crucible, disconnecting the heating power supply of the smelting furnace, and circumferentially stirring the melt A from top to bottom by using a stirring tool made of graphite for 4 min; then adding a pure magnesium ingot preheated to 340 ℃ into the melt A by using an iron clamp, covering a crucible above the smelting furnace, and introducing 99.8% purity and 1.5m flow into the crucible3Drying argon gas for h, electrifying and heating to obtain a melt B, and preserving heat for 16 minutes when the temperature of the melt B reaches 730 ℃;
and step 3: after the heat preservation of the melt B is finished, removing an inner cover in the middle of the crucible cover, and carrying out high-purity treatment on the melt B by adopting a gas refinerCarrying out argon rotary blowing degassing treatment; wherein the purity of argon is not less than 99.99%, and the flow of argon is 0.16m3The rotation speed is 500 r/min, the argon pressure is 0.3MPa, and the treatment time is 23 min;
and 4, step 4: after the rotary blowing degassing is finished, the inner cover is placed back to the crucible cover, the temperature of the melt B is raised to 790 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 13 minutes; when the melt B begins to keep warm, placing an Al-Cu-P-Sc-Dy thin-wall horn-shaped prefabricated body which is cast and formed under the vacuum condition into a steel casting ladle which is sprayed with graphite-based protective coating, and aligning the small end of the prefabricated body with the open hole part of the lower wall of the casting ladle (the lower wall of the casting ladle is provided with a hole); preheating a casting ladle until the temperature of the inner surface of the casting ladle reaches 420 ℃;
and 5: when the melt B is subjected to heat preservation treatment at 790 ℃, and the casting ladle is preheated, removing an inner cover in the middle of the crucible cover, vertically and slowly immersing the casting ladle into the surface of the melt B, sinking the casting ladle to enable the melt B to enter the casting ladle from the open pore part of the lower wall of the casting ladle (along with the descending of the casting ladle, the melt B in the crucible enters the casting ladle from the open pore part of the lower wall of the casting ladle), and enabling the melt B to enter the casting ladle to gradually melt the Al-Cu-P-Sc-Dy thin-wall horn-shaped preform to obtain a melt C; along with the entering of the melt B, in a time period of 0.3 to 0.5s before the surfaces of the aluminum alloy melts inside and outside the casting ladle are superposed, sealing the open hole of the lower wall of the casting ladle by using a plug rod;
step 6: after the stopper rod and the bottom of the casting ladle form close fit (sealing), the casting ladle is vertically lifted through a lifting device, so that the bottom of the casting ladle is separated from the surface of the melt C and keeps a distance of 10mm from the surface of the melt C; then starting ultrasonic homogenizing and stirring devices on two sides of the upper cover of the ladle, and stirring the melt C for 20 min;
and 7: after the ultrasonic stirring is finished, transferring the casting ladle to a casting forming station, enabling the opening part at the lower part of the casting ladle to be attached to the pouring gate, enabling the opening center at the lower part of the casting ladle to be aligned with the center of the pouring gate, lifting the plug rod, and enabling the melt C to enter a mold cavity until the casting forming is finished;
and 8: carrying out solid solution aging treatment on the cast molded body, wherein the solid solution treatment temperature is 530 ℃, the solid solution treatment time is 165min, and the quenching medium for the aging treatment is 80 ℃ tap water; and (3) placing the molded body after the solution aging treatment in an environment at 55 ℃ for 28h, then preserving the heat in an aging furnace at 176 ℃ for 6.5h, naturally cooling in air at 20 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished, and taking out the aluminum alloy molded body.
The cast aluminum alloy sample prepared in the embodiment is selected, and according to the GB228.1-2010 metal material tensile test, the first part: the room temperature test method is used for testing the mechanical properties at normal temperature, and the tensile strength of a sample is 476MPa, the yield strength is 381MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 15 percent; tested according to the method of GB229-1994 metal Charpy notched impact test, the sample Akv value is 14.9J/cm2。
Example 3
A cast aluminum alloy consisting of the following composition: si: 7.8%, Cu: 2.6%, Dy: 0.42%, P: 0.035%, Sc: 0.1%, Ti: 0.17%, Mg: 0.65%, Fe: 0.11%, Mn: 0.08%, Zn: 0.06%, Ni: 0.04 percent and the balance of Al, wherein the percentage is weight percentage.
The preparation method of the cast aluminum alloy in the embodiment is as follows:
step 1: respectively carrying out dry sand blasting on 99.98 wt% of high-purity aluminum ingot, aluminum 10 titanium intermediate alloy, aluminum 30 silicon intermediate alloy and 99.8 wt% of pure magnesium ingot, respectively preheating to 320 ℃, adding all the high-purity aluminum ingot, aluminum 30 silicon intermediate alloy and aluminum 10 titanium intermediate alloy which are prepared according to a proper proportion (the proper proportion is calculated according to the proportion of components of cast aluminum alloy in the embodiment) into a silicon carbide crucible in a resistance smelting furnace for heating, introducing 99.8% of purity and 1.2m of flow into the crucible through an air inlet (a crucible cover is arranged at the upper part of a smelting furnace opening, an inner cover is arranged at the middle part of the crucible cover, and an air inlet is arranged on the side wall of the crucible cover)3Drying argon gas for h until furnace charge in the crucible is melted to obtain a melt A, wherein the temperature of the melt A is controlled at 694 ℃;
step 2: removing the crucible cover from the crucible, disconnecting the heating power supply of the smelting furnace, and circumferentially stirring the melt A from top to bottom by using a stirring tool made of graphite for 5 min; then adding pure magnesium ingot preheated to 320 ℃ into the melt A by using an iron clamp, covering a crucible above the smelting furnace, and introducing 99.8% purity and 1.7m flow into the crucible3Drying argon gas for h, electrifying and heating to obtain a melt B, and preserving heat for 18 minutes when the temperature of the melt B reaches 733 ℃;
and step 3: after the heat preservation of the melt B is finished, removing an inner cover in the middle of the crucible cover, and performing high-purity argon rotary blowing degassing treatment on the melt B by using a gas refiner; wherein the purity of argon is not less than 99.99%, and the flow of argon is 0.22m3The rotation speed is 540 r/min, the argon pressure is 0.32MPa, and the treatment time is 26 minutes;
and 4, step 4: after the rotary blowing degassing is finished, the inner cover is put back on the crucible cover, the temperature of the melt B is raised to 786 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 12 minutes; when the melt B begins to keep warm, placing an Al-Cu-P-Sc-Dy thin-wall horn-shaped prefabricated body which is cast and formed under the vacuum condition into a steel casting ladle which is sprayed with graphite-based protective coating, and aligning the small end of the prefabricated body with the open hole part of the lower wall of the casting ladle (the lower wall of the casting ladle is provided with a hole); preheating a casting ladle until the temperature of the inner surface of the casting ladle reaches 450 ℃;
and 5: when the melt B is subjected to heat preservation treatment at 786 ℃, and the casting ladle is preheated, removing an inner cover in the middle of the crucible cover, vertically and slowly immersing the casting ladle into the surface of the melt B, sinking the casting ladle to enable the melt B to enter the casting ladle from the open pore part of the lower wall of the casting ladle (along with the descending of the casting ladle, the melt B in the crucible enters the casting ladle from the open pore part of the lower wall of the casting ladle), and enabling the melt B to enter the casting ladle to gradually melt the Al-Cu-P-Sc-Dy thin-wall horn-shaped preform to obtain a melt C; along with the entering of the melt B, in a time period of 0.3 to 0.5s before the surfaces of the aluminum alloy melts inside and outside the casting ladle are superposed, sealing the open hole of the lower wall of the casting ladle by using a plug rod;
step 6: after the stopper rod and the bottom of the casting ladle form close fit (sealing), the casting ladle is vertically lifted through a lifting device, so that the bottom of the casting ladle is separated from the surface of the melt C and keeps a distance of 13.5mm from the surface of the melt C; then starting ultrasonic homogenizing and stirring devices on two sides of the upper cover of the ladle, and stirring the melt C for 14 min;
and 7: after the ultrasonic stirring is finished, transferring the casting ladle to a casting forming station, enabling the opening part at the lower part of the casting ladle to be attached to the pouring gate, enabling the opening center at the lower part of the casting ladle to be aligned with the center of the pouring gate, lifting the plug rod, and enabling the melt C to enter a mold cavity until the casting forming is finished;
and 8: carrying out solid solution aging treatment on the cast molded body, wherein the solid solution treatment temperature is 535 ℃, the solid solution treatment time is 160min, and the quenching medium for the aging treatment is 86 ℃ tap water; and (3) placing the molded body after the solution aging treatment in an environment at 40 ℃ for 31h, then preserving the heat in an aging furnace at 180 ℃ for 6.8h, naturally cooling in the air at 40 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished, and taking out the aluminum alloy molded body.
The cast aluminum alloy sample prepared in the embodiment is selected, and according to the GB228.1-2010 metal material tensile test, the first part: the room temperature test method is used for testing the mechanical properties at normal temperature, and the tensile strength of a sample is 480MPa, the yield strength is 383MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 14.5 percent; the test is carried out according to the method of GB229-1994 metal Charpy notched impact test, and the Akv value of a sample is 15.3J/cm2。
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a cast aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: si: 7.5-8.5%, Cu: 2.5-2.7% and Dy: 0.35-0.45%, P: 0.02 to 0.04%, Sc (scandium): 0.1-0.2%, Ti: 0.15-0.19%, Mg: 0.4-0.8% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.2% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.1% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ni and the balance of Al, wherein the percentages are weight percentages;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: respectively carrying out dry sand blasting on 99.98 wt% of high-purity aluminum ingot, aluminum 10 titanium intermediate alloy, aluminum 30 silicon intermediate alloy and 99.8 wt% of pure magnesium ingot, preheating to 300-340 ℃, adding the preheated high-purity aluminum ingot, aluminum 10 titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum 30 silicon intermediate alloy into a crucible according to a proper proportion, heating and melting in a dry argon environment to obtain a melt A, and controlling the temperature of the melt A to be 690-700 ℃;
step 2: stirring the melt A, adding 99.8 wt% of pure magnesium ingot preheated to 300-340 ℃ into the melt A, heating and melting in a dry argon environment to obtain a melt B, and preserving heat for 16-20 minutes when the temperature of the melt B reaches 730-740 ℃;
and step 3: carrying out high-purity argon rotary blowing degassing treatment on the melt B by adopting a gas refiner;
and 4, step 4: heating the melt B to 780-790 ℃, and preserving heat for 10-13 minutes; when the melt B begins to keep warm, placing an Al-Cu-P-Sc-Dy prefabricated body which is cast and formed under the vacuum condition into a casting ladle which is sprayed with graphite-based protective coating, and aligning the small end of the prefabricated body with the opening part of the lower wall of the casting ladle; preheating a casting ladle until the temperature of the inner surface of the casting ladle reaches 420-460 ℃;
and 5: submerging a casting ladle into the surface of the melt B, slowly sinking the casting ladle to enable the melt B to enter the casting ladle from an opening part of the lower wall of the casting ladle, and enabling the melt B to enter the casting ladle and gradually melt the Al-Cu-P-Sc-Dy preform to obtain a melt C; along with the entering of the melt B, in a time period of 0.3 to 0.5s before the surfaces of the aluminum alloy melts inside and outside the casting ladle are superposed, sealing the open hole of the lower wall of the casting ladle by using a plug rod;
step 6: lifting the casting ladle to enable the bottom of the casting ladle to be separated from the upper surface of the melt C, and keeping a distance of 10-15 mm with the upper surface of the melt C; stirring the melt C for 10-20 minutes;
and 7: transferring the casting ladle to a casting forming station, enabling the opening part at the lower part of the casting ladle to be matched with the pouring gate, lifting the plug rod, and enabling the melt C to enter a mold cavity to complete casting forming;
and 8: carrying out solid solution aging treatment on the cast molded body, placing the molded body subjected to the solid solution aging treatment in an environment at 45-55 ℃ for 28-32 h, then preserving the heat in an aging furnace at 170-180 ℃ for 6.5-7.5 h, and naturally cooling in air at 10-40 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished;
in the solution and aging treatment process, the solution treatment temperature is 530-538 ℃, the solution treatment time is 140-165 minutes, and the quenching medium in the aging treatment process is 80-86 ℃ tap water.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the rotary blowing degassing treatment process, the purity of the argon gas is not less than 99.99 percent, and the flow of the argon gas is 0.16-0.22m3The argon pressure is 0.3-0.32MPa, the rotation speed is 500-540 r/min, and the treatment time is 23-26 min.
3. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
the aluminum alloy consists of the following components: si: 7.5%, Cu: 2.7%, Dy: 0.45%, P: 0.02%, Sc: 0.15%, Ti: 0.15%, Mg: 0.4%, Fe: 0.1%, Mn: 0.06%, Zn: 0.03%, Ni: 0.02% and the balance of Al.
4. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
the aluminum alloy consists of the following components: si: 8.5%, Cu: 2.5%, Dy: 0.45%, P: 0.04%, Sc: 0.2%, Ti: 0.19%, Mg: 0.8%, Fe: 0.2%, Mn: 0.1%, Zn: 0.1%, Ni: 0.1 percent and the balance of Al.
5. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
the aluminum alloy consists of the following components: si: 7.8%, Cu: 2.6%, Dy: 0.42%, P: 0.035%, Sc: 0.1%, Ti: 0.17%, Mg: 0.65%, Fe: 0.11%, Mn: 0.08%, Zn: 0.06%, Ni: 0.04% and the balance of Al.
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