CN114958947A - 一种燕麦抗氧化肽的制备及纯化鉴定方法 - Google Patents
一种燕麦抗氧化肽的制备及纯化鉴定方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种燕麦抗氧化肽的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)燕麦蛋白的提取;(2)酶解;(3)燕麦抗氧化肽的获得。本发明通过酶解法获得燕麦抗氧化肽,制备及纯化过程简单易操作,成本低廉。本发明采用质谱法可以准确识别具有抗氧化活性的燕麦肽段。本发明鉴定了特定序列的燕麦抗氧化肽,具有开发新的保健食品的潜力,填补了国内在此方面的研究空白,为未来工业生产提供一定的参考价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种燕麦抗氧化肽的制备及纯化方法。
背景技术
机体在正常代谢情况下会产生活性氧如自由基和过氧化物等,活性氧可激活各种酶级联和多种转录因子,在机体生理过程中发挥重要的调节作用。正常情况下,活性氧可以被机体自身的抗氧化防御系统有效清除,即活性氧的产生和消除处于平衡状态。当活性氧产生过多或机体抗氧化防御系统受到损伤时,这种平衡就会被打破,导致机体处于氧化应激状态,持续累积的活性氧能够直接或间接地破坏多种生物分子,包括蛋白质、脂质、DNA和碳水化合物等,引发许多疾病。目前,癌症、心血管疾病、糖尿病、神经系统疾病和阿尔茨海默病等200多种常见疾病均与活性氧密切相关。
抗氧化剂通过向自由基提供电子或氢原子形成复合物,可保护人体免受自由基损伤并延缓许多疾病的进展。当内源性抗氧化剂和修复系统不能有效清除活性氧时,服用外源性抗氧化剂能够帮助限制或抑制机体氧化应激,降低疾病发生率。常见人工合成的抗氧化剂包括丁基羟基茴香醚、没食子酸丙酯、丁基羟基甲苯和叔丁基氢醌等,具有高效和成本低的优点,但是潜在的毒副作用限制了其在食品工业中的应用。研究发现,天然抗氧化剂(包括多肽类、多糖类、多酚类、维生素类等)具有良好的抗氧化活性、易吸收且无明显毒副作用,近年来受到广泛的关注。
谷物及其制品因其抗氧化特性,可以作为健康饮食。大量研究表明谷物中的生物活性肽具有预防或减轻氧化应激的活性。生物活性肽可以通过水解蛋白质得到,燕麦、小麦和大米的蛋白质水解物在不同体系中均表现出对常见活性氧的清除活性。其中,燕麦的蛋白质含量十分丰富(15.6%),在禾谷类粮食中居首位。研究发现,利用碱性蛋白酶、风味酶、木瓜蛋白酶从燕麦中提取的多肽具有不同的活性,其水解产物具有不同的自由基清除能力。此外,燕麦蛋白也被认为是安全的,谷蛋白不耐受和腹腔疾病患者均可耐受。燕麦的有益活性引起了研究人员的广泛关注,食品工业也热衷于增加这些谷物作为食品配料使用,因此在这方面需要更多的研究。本发明以燕麦为原料,拟制备及纯化具有抗氧化活性的燕麦多肽。目前利用碱性蛋白酶制备得到的燕麦肽已被证明具有抗氧化活性,其具有的抗氧化活性的能力可能与结构和氨基酸序列相关,但是利用酶解法获得的燕麦抗氧化肽的氨基酸序列的鉴定及相关方面的研究却罕见报道,亟待研究。本发明采用酶解法制备燕麦抗氧化肽,经超滤法、凝胶柱层析法和质谱法对获得的燕麦多肽进行纯化和表征,并通过BIOPEP及Peptide Ranker数据库确定了其中可能存在生物活性的肽段。针对以上的研究现状,本发明以更为简便高效的方式获得燕麦抗氧化肽及其氨基酸序列,为其作为功能性产品在食品药品行业中的应用提供了可行途径。
发明内容
本发明以燕麦粒为原材料,提供一种利用酶解法获得燕麦多肽,再通过超滤法、凝胶柱层析法进一步纯化燕麦抗氧化肽的纯化工艺,并通过化学评价法评价其抗氧化活性,最后通过质谱法对肽段进行表征鉴定,由此可以获得高活性的抗氧化肽及其氨基酸序列,并为由氧化应激引起的机体损伤治疗及其他抗氧化应用提供了可行途径。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明的第一个方面是提供一种以燕麦为原料制备一种燕麦抗氧化肽的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)燕麦蛋白的提取
将磨粉过筛的燕麦粉加水溶解,调节pH至10.0,恒温水浴浸提,离心后分离取上清液,调节上清液pH至蛋白质等电点,离心取蛋白质沉淀,干燥得燕麦蛋白质干粉;
(2)酶解
将步骤(1)制备的燕麦蛋白质干粉加水溶解,调节pH至9-10,加酶恒温水浴酶解,灭酶冷却后离心,取上清液;
(3)燕麦抗氧化肽的获得
将步骤(2)获得的上清液经干燥后得粉末状燕麦抗氧化肽。
优选的,步骤(1)中,燕麦粒粉碎后过60目筛;加水溶解时料液比为1:9;利用1mol/L NaOH调节pH至10.0。
优选的,步骤(1)中,恒温水浴浸提的条件为置于55℃,浸提120min;恒温水浴浸提后在8000r/min离心15min。
优选的,步骤(1)中,用1mol/L HCl调节上清液pH至4.0,使pH至蛋白质等电点;8000r/min离心20min后取蛋白质沉淀;干燥方法为真空冷冻干燥。
优选的,步骤(2)中,将燕麦蛋白质干粉配置成质量浓度为8%的水溶液;利用1mol/L NaOH溶液调节pH至9.5。
优选的,步骤(2)中,选择碱性蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4L FG进行酶解。
优选的,步骤(2)中,酶解条件为:温度设置为55℃,按1.6mL/L的体积比加入碱性蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4L FG,酶解时间为90min;碱性蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4L FG的酶活单位为2.4AU。
优选的,步骤(2)中,灭酶条件为:100℃水浴灭酶15min;冷却后离心条件是8000r/min,20min。
优选的,步骤(3)中干燥方法为真空冷冻干燥;收集的粉末状燕麦抗氧化肽在-20℃储藏。
本发明的第二个方面是在上述方法的基础上,采用超滤法和凝胶柱层析法对抗氧化肽进行纯化及活性评价,包括以下步骤:
(1)超滤纯化
将上述制好的燕麦抗氧化肽干粉配置成水溶液,依次通过不同截留分子量的超滤膜进行分级超滤,分别将超滤后的各组分溶液收集后冻干,进行抗氧化活性检测。
(2)凝胶柱层析纯化
将上述抗氧化活性最高的超滤组分配置成水溶液,通过凝胶柱层析法进一步分离纯化,经过多次上样分别收集各组分,冻干后测定其抗氧化活性。
优选的,步骤(1)中,超滤膜分级超滤的不同截留分子量分别为5000Da、3000Da和1000Da,分离出四种不同分子量的多肽组分分别为:OP-Ⅰ(M>5000Da)、OP-Ⅱ(3000Da<M<5000Da)、OP-Ⅲ(1000Da<M<3000Da)、OP-Ⅳ(M<1000Da)。
优选的,步骤(1)中,抗氧化活性的检测方法为DPPH法和ABTS法。
优选的,步骤(2)中,凝胶柱层析所用填料为Sephadex G-15,层析条件为:柱:Sephadex G-15凝胶柱(1.6cm×60cm),柱温:室温(约25℃),流速:0.67mL/min,样品浓度:20mg/mL,进样量:5.0mL,检测波长:280nm,洗脱液:蒸馏水。
优选的,步骤(2)中,经Sephadex G-15分离出三种不同的多肽组分分别为:OP-ⅣA、OP-ⅣB、OP-ⅣC。
优选的,步骤(2)中,抗氧化活性的检测方法为DPPH法和ABTS法。
本发明的第三个方面是,对上述获得的抗氧化活性最强的燕麦多肽组分进行质谱鉴定,探究燕麦抗氧化肽的氨基酸序列。
(1)质谱前处理
将上述抗氧化活性最强的燕麦多肽干粉溶解于Nano-HPLC Buffer A中,经酶解、脱盐处理后冻干。
(2)质谱分析
将冻干的多肽样品重新溶解于Nano-HPLC Buffer A中,经Nano-HPLC液相系统UltiMate 3000RSLCnano(ThermoFisher Scientific)分离后用Q-Exactive plus质谱仪(ThermoFisher Scientific)进行质谱分析。
(3)数据分析
对上述操作采集的数据进行分析。
优选的,步骤(1)中,采用胰酶进行酶解,Nano-HPLC Buffer A即0.1%的甲酸-水溶液。
优选的,步骤(1)中,脱盐使用Thermo ScientificTMSOLAμTM固相萃取(SPE)孔板。
优选的,步骤(2)中,液质联用的流动相A为0.1%的甲酸-水溶液,流动相B为0.1%的甲酸-乙腈溶液;洗脱梯度为:0-5min,5%;5-90min,5-38%;90-92min,38-95%;92-95min,95%。
优选的,步骤(2)中,质谱仪检测方式:使用前经标准校正液校正,母离子扫描范围:300-1500m/z,扫描模式:正离子模式。
优选的,步骤(3)中,数据分析软件为:ProteomeDiscover 2.1;数据库为uniprot-Pooideae_147368。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点:
(1)燕麦是一种功能性食物来源的传统谷物,并且在我国燕麦产量高,原料易获得,目前关于燕麦抗氧化肽的报道较少。本发明通过酶解法获得燕麦抗氧化肽,制备及纯化过程简单易操作,成本低廉。
(2)许多促进健康的功能本质上与蛋白质水解物中肽的自由基清除能力有关,然而发挥抗氧化活性的特定肽组分尚未阐明,本发明采用质谱法可以准确识别具有抗氧化活性的燕麦肽段。
(3)本发明鉴定了特定序列的燕麦抗氧化肽,具有开发新的保健食品的潜力,填补了国内在此方面的研究空白,为未来工业生产提供一定的参考价值。
附图说明
图1为OP-Ⅳ经Sephadex G-15分离后获得的三个肽组分:OP-ⅣA、OP-ⅣB、OP-ⅣC。
图2为OP-Ⅳ经Sephadex G-15分离后获得的三个肽组分的抗氧化能力。
图3为P1的二级质谱。;
图4为P2的二级质谱图。
具体实施方式
(1)实验材料:
燕麦粒,河北省石家庄凌峰农副产品开发有限公司;
碱性蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4L FG(181,194U/g),诺维信生物技术有限公司;氢氧化钠,盐酸、甲酸、乙腈。
(2)实验仪器:
PHS-3C精密pH计,上海精密科学仪器有限公司;
HH恒温水浴锅,江苏金达市中大仪器厂;
JJ-1精密增力电动搅拌器,金坛市科析仪器有限公司;
TG16-WS台式高速离心机,长沙湘仪离心机仪器有限公司;
FC160锤式粉碎机,上海中药机械厂;
BioTek Eon TM微孔板分光光度计,美国Biotek Instruments,Ins;
FreeZone 12plus真空冷冻干燥机,美国Labconco公司;
ALLEGRAX-12R通用台式冷冻离心机,美国Beckman Coulter公司。
Q Exactive plus高分辨质谱仪,美国Thermo Scientific公司。
Ultimate 3000nano高效液相色谱仪,美国Thermo Scientific公司。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例1:一种燕麦抗氧化肽制备及纯化鉴定方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)燕麦多肽的获得
燕麦粒粉碎后过60目筛,加水溶解时料液比为1:9,利用1mol/L NaOH调节pH至10.0,在恒温水浴水浴锅中55℃浸提120min;恒温水浴浸提后在8000r/min离心15min,收集上清液;用1mol/L HCl调节上清液pH至4.0,即蛋白质等电点;8000r/min离心20min后收集蛋白质沉淀,真空冷冻干燥后即为燕麦蛋白干粉;将燕麦蛋白质干粉配置成质量浓度为8%的水溶液;用1mol/L NaOH溶液调节pH至9.5;按1.6mL/L的体积比加入碱性蛋白酶Alcalase2.4L FG在55℃下进行酶解90min;然后在沸水浴中灭酶15min;冷却后以8000r/min离心20min;收集上清液,真空冷冻干燥后即为燕麦多肽。
(2)燕麦抗氧化肽的分离纯化
将燕麦多肽配置成水溶液通过5000Da超滤膜进行超滤,收集截留液。梯度降温后,将截留液在-80℃下冷冻干燥48h,得到燕麦多肽粉末:OP-Ⅰ(M>5000Da),-20℃保存备用;将各组分分别检测DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除能力;
实施例2:一种燕麦抗氧化肽制备及纯化鉴定方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)燕麦多肽的获得
燕麦粒粉碎后过60目筛,加水溶解时料液比为1:9利用1mol/L NaOH调节pH至10.0,在恒温水浴水浴锅中55℃浸提120min;恒温水浴浸提后在8000r/min离心15min,收集上清液;用1mol/L HCl调节上清液pH至4.0,即蛋白质等电点;8000r/min离心20min后收集蛋白质沉淀,真空冷冻干燥后即为燕麦蛋白干粉;将燕麦蛋白质干粉配置成质量浓度为8%的水溶液;用1mol/L NaOH溶液调节pH至9.5;按1.6mL/L的体积比加入碱性蛋白酶Alcalase2.4L FG在55℃下进行酶解90min;然后在沸水浴中灭酶15min;冷却后以8000r/min离心20min;收集上清液,真空冷冻干燥后即为燕麦多肽。
(2)燕麦抗氧化肽的分离纯化
将燕麦多肽配置成水溶液依次通过5000Da和3000Da超滤膜进行分级超滤,收集截留液。梯度降温后,在-80℃下冷冻干燥48h,得到不同分子量的燕麦多肽粉末:OP-Ⅰ(M>5000Da)、OP-Ⅱ(3000Da<M<5000Da),-20℃保存备用;将各组分分别检测DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除能力。
实施例3:一种燕麦抗氧化肽制备及纯化鉴定方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)燕麦多肽的获得
燕麦粒粉碎后过60目筛,加水溶解时料液比为1:9利用1mol/L NaOH调节pH至10.0,在恒温水浴水浴锅中55℃浸提120min;恒温水浴浸提后在8000r/min离心15min,收集上清液;用1mol/L HCl调节上清液pH至4.0,即蛋白质等电点;8000r/min离心20min后收集蛋白质沉淀,真空冷冻干燥后即为燕麦蛋白干粉;将燕麦蛋白质干粉配置成质量浓度为8%的水溶液;用1mol/L NaOH溶液调节pH至9.5;按1.6mL/L的体积比加入碱性蛋白酶Alcalase2.4L FG在55℃下进行酶解90min;然后在沸水浴中灭酶15min;冷却后以8000r/min离心20min;收集上清液,真空冷冻干燥后即为燕麦多肽。
(2)燕麦抗氧化肽的分离纯化
将燕麦多肽配置成水溶液依次通过5000Da、3000Da和1000Da超滤膜进行分级超滤,收集滤液和截留液。梯度降温后,在-80℃下冷冻干燥48h,得到不同分子量的燕麦多肽粉末:OP-Ⅰ(M>5000Da)、OP-Ⅱ(3000Da<M<5000Da)、OP-Ⅲ(1000Da<M<3000Da)、OP-Ⅳ(M<1000Da),-20℃保存备用。
下面通过体外实验检测上述所制备的燕麦多肽的抗氧化活性(DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除能力),具体结果见下表1。
表1.燕麦抗氧化肽超滤组分的抗氧化活性
注:DPPH/ABTS清除率以IC50,mg/mL来表示;表中不同字母表示组间差异显著(p<0.05)
选择能力最强的组分OP-Ⅳ进一步通过凝胶柱层析进行分离纯化,凝胶柱层析所用填料为Sephadex G-15,层析条件为:柱:Sephadex G-15凝胶柱(1.6cm×60cm),柱温:室温(约25℃),流速:0.67mL/min,样品浓度:20mg/mL,进样量:5.0mL,检测波长:280nm,洗脱液:蒸馏水。收集到三个组分:OP-ⅣA、OP-ⅣB、OP-ⅣC,真空冷冻干燥后分别测定DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除能力,选取抗氧化活性最强的组分干燥后于-20℃冻存备用。
下面通过体外实验检测上述所制备的燕麦多肽的抗氧化活性DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除能力。
采用质谱法对燕麦抗氧化肽的氨基酸序列进行鉴定,进一步阐明发挥抗氧化活性的肽组分。
取出步骤(2)得到的抗氧化活性最强的燕麦多肽组分OP-ⅣC,将肽粉溶于200μLNano-HPLC Buffer A中,加入胰酶酶解后脱盐,收集溶液冻干;将前处理好的肽粉溶于200μL Nano-HPLC Buffer A中,先经毛细管高效液相色谱分离后用Q-Exactive plus质谱仪(ThermoFisher Scientific)进行质谱分析;采集数据后通过ProteomeDiscover 2.1进行数据分析,且搜索数据库为uniprot-Pooideae_147368,鉴定出活性最强的两条燕麦抗氧化肽P1、P2,其氨基酸序列分别为HWPLPPF、GWLDRFPMF,并使用BIOPEP及Peptide Ranker数据库确定了其中存在生物活性肽的可能性。
表2.LC-MS鉴定及合成肽的特性
当然,上述说明并非是对本发明的限制,本发明也并不限于上述举例,本技术领域的普通技术人员,在本发明的实质范围内,作出的变化、改型、添加或替换,都应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种燕麦抗氧化肽的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)燕麦蛋白的提取
将磨粉过筛的燕麦粉加水溶解,调节pH至10.0,恒温水浴浸提,离心后分离取上清液,调节上清液pH至蛋白质等电点,离心取蛋白质沉淀,干燥得燕麦蛋白质干粉;
(2)酶解
步骤(1)制备的燕麦蛋白质干粉加水溶解,调节pH至9-10,加酶恒温水浴酶解,灭酶冷却后离心,取上清液;
(3)燕麦抗氧化肽的获得
将步骤(2)获得的上清液经干燥后得粉末状燕麦抗氧化肽。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燕麦抗氧化肽的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,恒温水浴浸提的条件为置于55℃,浸提120min;恒温水浴浸提后在8000r/min离心15min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燕麦抗氧化肽的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,用1mol/LHCl调节上清液pH至4.0,使pH至蛋白质等电点;8000r/min离心20min后取蛋白质沉淀;干燥方法为真空冷冻干燥。
4.根据权利要求1所述的燕麦抗氧化肽的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,将燕麦蛋白质干粉配置成质量浓度为8%的水溶液;利用1mol/L NaOH溶液调节pH至9.5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的燕麦抗氧化肽的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,选择碱性蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4L FG进行酶解;酶解条件为:温度设置为55℃,按1.6mL/L的体积比加入碱性蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4L FG,酶解时间为90min;碱性蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4L FG的酶单位为2.4AU。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项权利要求所述的燕麦抗氧化肽的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括采用超滤法和凝胶柱层析法对抗氧化肽进行纯化的步骤。
7.根据权利要求6所述的燕麦抗氧化肽的制备方法,其特征在于,超滤法和凝胶柱层析法对抗氧化肽进行纯化的具体步骤如下:。
(1)超滤纯化
将上述制好的燕麦抗氧化肽干粉配置成水溶液,依次通过不同截留分子量的超滤膜进行分级超滤,分别将超滤后的各组分溶液收集后冻干,进行抗氧化活性检测。
(2)凝胶柱层析纯化
将上述抗氧化活性最高的超滤组分配置成水溶液,通过凝胶柱层析法进一步分离纯化,经过多次上样分别收集各组分,冻干后分别测定其抗氧化活性。
8.根据权利要求7所述的燕麦抗氧化肽的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,超滤膜分级超滤的不同截留分子量分别为5000Da、3000Da和1000Da;
步骤(2)中,凝胶柱层析所用填料为Sephadex G-15,层析条件为:柱:Sephadex G-15凝胶柱(1.6cm×60cm),柱温:室温(约25℃),流速:0.67mL/min,样品浓度:20mg/mL,进样量:5.0mL,检测波长:280nm,洗脱液:蒸馏水。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的燕麦抗氧化肽的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括对上述获得的燕麦多肽组分进行质谱鉴定步骤,具体包括:
(1)质谱前处理
将上述抗氧化活性最强的燕麦多肽干粉溶解于Nano-HPLC Buffer A中,经酶解、脱盐处理后冻干。
(2)质谱分析
将冻干的多肽样品重新溶解于Nano-HPLC Buffer A中,经Nano-HPLC液相系统UltiMate 3000RSLCnano(ThermoFisher Scientific)分离后用Q-Exactive plus质谱仪(ThermoFisher Scientific)进行质谱分析。
(3)数据分析
对上述操作采集的数据进行分析。
步骤(1)中,采用胰酶进行酶解,Nano-HPLC Buffer A即0.1%的甲酸-水溶液;
步骤(1)中,脱盐使用Thermo ScientificTMSOLAμTM固相萃取(SPE)孔板;
步骤(2)中,液质联用的流动相A为0.1%的甲酸-水溶液,流动相B为0.1%的甲酸-乙腈溶液;洗脱梯度为:0-5min,5%;5-90min,5-38%;90-92min,38-95%;92-95min,95%;
步骤(2)中,质谱仪检测方式:使用前经标准校正液校正,母离子扫描范围:300-1500m/z,扫描模式:正离子模式;
步骤(3)中,数据分析软件为:ProteomeDiscover 2.1;数据库为uniprot-Pooideae_147368。
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