CN114957744B - 一种仿生pva保鲜膜的制备方法和产品及其应用 - Google Patents
一种仿生pva保鲜膜的制备方法和产品及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法和产品及其应用,包括,向溶剂中添加催化剂,调节pH至酸性,制得酸性溶剂;将PVA加入酸性溶剂中,搅拌溶解后,加入齐墩果酸反应;恢复室温后,加入乙烯消除剂和抗菌剂,混合均匀,静置脱泡,流延成膜,得到所述仿生PVA保鲜膜;其中,按质量份数计,PVA为5~12份,齐墩果酸为0.5~1份,乙烯消除剂为0.1~3份,抗菌剂0~0.5份,溶剂为100份,本发明利用聚乙烯醇上的羟基,将“白霜”化合物接枝到PVA分子链上,赋予PVA天然保护层的功能,同时协同乙烯消除剂、抗菌剂,制得的仿生PVA保鲜膜兼具“白霜”、乙烯消除、抗菌功能,将白霜永久固定在保鲜膜内,最大限度地延长果蔬的保鲜期。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保鲜膜制备领域,具体涉及到一种仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法和产品及其应用。
背景技术
果蔬为了抵抗外界细菌的侵害、机械力的损伤、阻止光的额外吸收,同时防止自身水分的蒸发,会在果皮表面自适应的形成一层蜡质防护层,俗称“白霜”、“果粉”。例如,李子外面的“白霜”存在时,保鲜期长,“白霜”被破坏后,李子保鲜期急剧下降。
因此,“白霜”对于果蔬的贮运保鲜至关重要。为了延长果蔬的保鲜期,很多科研工作者便研究“白霜”的化学组成。大量研究表明,果皮表面自带的“白霜”大多为长链脂肪族化合物(长链脂肪族酸、醛、醇),环状化合物及甾醇类化合物。
涂膜保鲜是人为形成具有一定阻隔性的膜,能减少鲜切水果内部的水分蒸发,阻止鲜切水果氧化,防止微生物侵染,保持鲜切水果的营养价值,延长货架寿命。当前,涂膜保鲜工艺中多采用可食用性的保鲜膜,根据来源不同可将其分为蛋白质类、多糖类、复合型和脂类。从仿生学的角度出发,利用脂类、蛋白质类及多糖类等化合物,在果蔬表皮形成一层类似于“白霜”的可食性膜。
然而,可食性膜制作成本高,同时在贮运过程中,“白霜”活性物质容易被破坏,保鲜效果差。
发明内容
本部分的目的在于概述本发明的实施例的一些方面以及简要介绍一些较佳实施例。在本部分以及本申请的说明书摘要和发明名称中可能会做些简化或省略以避免使本部分、说明书摘要和发明名称的目的模糊,而这种简化或省略不能用于限制本发明的范围。
鉴于上述和/或现有技术中存在的问题,提出了本发明。
因此,本发明的目的是,克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了如下技术方案:一种仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法,包括,
向溶剂中添加催化剂,调节pH至酸性,制得酸性溶剂;
将PVA加入酸性溶剂中,搅拌溶解后,加入齐墩果酸反应;
恢复室温后,加入乙烯消除剂和抗菌剂,混合均匀,静置脱泡,流延成膜,得到所述仿生PVA保鲜膜;
其中,按质量份数计,PVA为5~12份,齐墩果酸为0.5~1份,乙烯消除剂为0.1~3份,抗菌剂0~0.5份,溶剂为100份。
作为本发明所述仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法的一种优选方案,其中:所述催化剂为硫酸、盐酸、氯化亚砜、乙酰氯或对甲苯磺酸中的一种。
作为本发明所述仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法的一种优选方案,其中:所述溶剂为水、乙二醇、二甲基亚砜中的一种。
作为本发明所述仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法的一种优选方案,其中:所述乙烯消除剂包括方解石、沸石、分子筛、膨润土、活性炭、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛中的一种或几种;所述抗菌剂包括壳聚糖、肉桂醛、丁香酚、香草醛、乳酸链球菌素中的一种或几种。
作为本发明所述仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法的一种优选方案,其中:所述调节pH至酸性,其中,pH范围为0.5~5。
作为本发明所述仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法的一种优选方案,其中:所述PVA的醇解度为80~99%。
作为本发明所述仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法的一种优选方案,其中:所述搅拌溶解,其中,溶解温度为60~100℃,时间为0.5~3h。
作为本发明所述仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法的一种优选方案,其中:所述加入齐墩果酸反应,其中,反应时间2~10h。
本发明的再一个目的是,克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法制得的产品。
本发明的另一个目的是,克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法制得的产品在水果保鲜中的应用,所述水果包括李子。
本发明有益效果:
本发明利用聚乙烯醇上的羟基,将“白霜”化合物接枝到PVA分子链上,赋予PVA天然保护层的功能,同时协同乙烯消除剂、抗菌剂,制得的仿生PVA保鲜膜兼具“白霜”、乙烯消除、抗菌功能,将白霜永久固定在保鲜膜内,最大限度地延长果蔬的保鲜期;制得的仿生PVA保鲜膜属于塑料薄膜,贮运过程中“白霜”功能持久存在;同时PVA属于可生物降解材料,具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。其中:
图1为本发明实施例中反应机理图。
图2为本发明中不同的保鲜膜保鲜效果对比图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合说明书实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
其次,此处所称的“一个实施例”或“实施例”是指可包含于本发明至少一个实现方式中的特定特征、结构或特性。在本说明书中不同地方出现的“在一个实施例中”并非均指同一个实施例,也不是单独的或选择性的与其他实施例互相排斥的实施例。本发明中原料均为普通市售产品。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法,主要步骤为:
(1)以质量份数计,量取100份二甲基亚砜(DMSO),用1mol/L的稀硫酸调节pH至2;
(2)将10份PVA(牌号1799,购自川维石化)加入上述溶剂中,温度升至90℃搅拌溶解2h;
(3)将0.8份齐墩果酸加入,90℃继续反应5h;
(4)溶剂恢复室温后,加入0.2份乙烯消除剂(活性炭),0.3份抗菌剂(壳聚糖,MW≤5000、脱乙酰度为≥90%),混合均匀;
(5)然后静置脱泡,将溶液倒入刮膜机中,流延得到仿生PVA保鲜膜。
(6)对获得的仿生PVA保鲜膜进行保鲜效果测试。
本实施例中反应机理图见图1。
对比例1
与实施例1的区别在于,未加齐墩果酸;
具体工艺为:
(1)以质量份数计,量取100份二甲基亚砜(DMSO),用1mol/L的稀硫酸调节pH至2;
(2)将10份PVA(牌号1799,购自川维石化)加入上述溶剂中,温度升至90℃搅拌溶解2h;
(3)溶剂恢复室温后,加入0.2份乙烯消除剂,0.3份抗菌剂,混合均匀;
(4)然后静置脱泡,将溶液倒入刮膜机中,流延得到保鲜膜。
对比例2
与实施例1的区别在于,未加乙烯消除剂和抗菌剂:
(1)以质量份数计,量取100份二甲基亚砜(DMSO),用1mol/L的稀硫酸调节pH至2;
(2)将10份PVA(牌号1799,购自川维石化)加入上述溶剂中,温度升至90℃搅拌溶解2h;
(3)将0.8份齐墩果酸加入,90℃继续反应5h;
(4)溶剂恢复室温后,混合均匀;
(5)然后静置脱泡,将溶液倒入刮膜机中,流延得到PVA保鲜膜。
对比例3
本实施例提供一种仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法,主要步骤为:
(1)以质量份数计,量取100份二甲基亚砜(DMSO),用1mol/L的稀硫酸调节pH至2;
(2)将10份PVA(牌号1799,购自川维石化)加入上述溶剂中,温度升至90℃搅拌溶解2h;
(3)将0.4份齐墩果酸加入,90℃继续反应5h;
(4)溶剂恢复室温后,加入0.2份乙烯消除剂,0.3份抗菌剂,混合均匀;
(5)然后静置脱泡,将溶液倒入刮膜机中,流延得到仿生PVA保鲜膜。
对比例4
本实施例提供一种仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法,主要步骤为:
(1)以质量份数计,量取100份二甲基亚砜(DMSO),用1mol/L的稀硫酸调节pH至2;
(2)将10份PVA(牌号1799,购自川维石化)加入上述溶剂中,温度升至90℃搅拌溶解2h;
(3)将0.6份齐墩果酸加入,90℃继续反应5h;
(4)溶剂恢复室温后,加入0.2份乙烯消除剂,0.3份抗菌剂,混合均匀;
(5)然后静置脱泡,将溶液倒入刮膜机中,流延得到仿生PVA保鲜膜。
对比例5
本实施例提供一种仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法,主要步骤为:
(1)以质量份数计,量取100份二甲基亚砜(DMSO),用1mol/L的稀硫酸调节pH至2;
(2)将10份PVA(牌号1799,购自川维石化)加入上述溶剂中,温度升至90℃搅拌溶解2h;
(3)将1.0份齐墩果酸加入,90℃继续反应5h;
(4)溶剂恢复室温后,加入0.2份乙烯消除剂,0.3份抗菌剂,混合均匀;
(5)然后静置脱泡,将溶液倒入刮膜机中,流延得到仿生PVA保鲜膜。
对比例6
本实施例提供一种仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法,主要步骤为:
(1)以质量份数计,量取100份二甲基亚砜(DMSO),用1mol/L的稀硫酸调节pH至2;
(2)将10份PVA(牌号1799,购自川维石化)加入上述溶剂中,温度升至90℃搅拌溶解2h;
(3)将1.2份齐墩果酸加入,90℃继续反应5h;
(4)溶剂恢复室温后,加入0.2份乙烯消除剂,0.3份抗菌剂,混合均匀;
(5)然后静置脱泡,将溶液倒入刮膜机中,流延得到仿生PVA保鲜膜。
对比例7
本实施例提供一种仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法,主要步骤为:
(1)以质量份数计,量取100份二甲基亚砜(DMSO),用1mol/L的稀硫酸调节pH至2;
(2)将10份PVA(牌号1799,购自川维石化)加入上述溶剂中,温度升至90℃搅拌溶解2h;
(3)将0.8份齐墩果酸加入,90℃继续反应5h;
(4)溶剂恢复室温后,加入0.05份乙烯消除剂,0.05份抗菌剂,混合均匀;
(5)然后静置脱泡,将溶液倒入刮膜机中,流延得到仿生PVA保鲜膜。
对获得的保鲜膜进行保鲜效果测试,测试方式是:选取八成熟、色泽一致、大小较均一的同一批李子(李子品种可以为四月李、蜂糖李等,实验数据为四月李),用保鲜膜将李子进行包裹,常温储存,每天通过直观观察李子是否出现软化、发黄、腐烂等问题,当李子开始出现腐烂即达到保鲜期限。
测定结果见表1。
表1
可以看出,本发明提供一种仿生PVA保鲜膜,该PVA膜是集“白霜”功能、乙烯消除功能及抗菌功能的保鲜膜,能最大程度地延长果蔬的保鲜期。
当不添加齐墩果酸、乙烯消除剂和抗菌剂中其中一种原料时,其保鲜效果较差,同时,发明人进一步研究发现,齐墩果酸添加量并非越高越好,齐墩果酸过高,对保鲜效果反而产生不良影响,可能原因是PVA分子链上具有大量的羟基,能与组成“白霜”的化合物(齐墩果酸)发生反应,使“白霜”负载在PVA上,赋予PVA“白霜”的功能,但是齐墩果酸含量过高时,由于有空间位阻,反应效果不佳。
本发明中实施例1和对比例1~2不同的保鲜膜保鲜效果对比图,见图2。
本发明针对现有保鲜技术包括普通保鲜膜、可食性膜、气调保鲜膜对果蔬表面白霜保护的有限性,提供一种仿生PVA保鲜膜,该PVA膜是集“白霜”功能、乙烯消除功能及抗菌功能的保鲜膜,能最大程度地延长果蔬的保鲜期。PVA分子链上具有大量的羟基,能与组成“白霜”的化合物,如长链脂肪族酸、醛、醇等发生反应或氢键相互作用,使“白霜”负载在PVA上,赋予PVA“白霜”的功能,同时,协同乙烯消除剂、抗菌剂等的使用,制备得到集“白霜”功能、乙烯消除功能及抗菌功能的保鲜膜。
应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (5)
1.一种仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于:包括,
向溶剂中添加催化剂,调节pH至0.5~5,制得酸性溶剂,其中,所述催化剂为硫酸,所述溶剂为二甲基亚砜;
将PVA加入酸性溶剂中,搅拌溶解后,加入齐墩果酸反应反应时间2~10h,其中,溶解温度为60~100℃,时间为0.5~3h;
恢复室温后,加入乙烯消除剂和抗菌剂,混合均匀,静置脱泡,流延成膜,得到所述仿生PVA保鲜膜;
其中,按质量份数计,PVA为5~12份,齐墩果酸为0.5~1份,乙烯消除剂为0.1~3份,抗菌剂0~0.5份,溶剂为100份。
2.如权利要求1所述仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述乙烯消除剂包括方解石、沸石、分子筛、膨润土、活性炭、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛中的一种或几种;
所述抗菌剂包括壳聚糖、肉桂醛、丁香酚、香草醛、乳酸链球菌素中的一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述PVA的醇解度为80~99%。
4.权利要求1~3中任一所述仿生PVA保鲜膜的制备方法制得的产品。
5.权利要求4所述产品在水果保鲜中的应用,其特征在于:所述水果包括李子。
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