CN114951934B - 钝化镀锌板的点焊方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/40—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种钝化镀锌板的点焊方法,属于钢板焊接技术领域。本发明适用的钝化镀锌板牌号为DX51D+Z;所使用的钝化液组分包含丙烯酸类树脂、含氟树脂、硅烷、过硼酸钠和钼酸盐,其余为水及不可避免的杂质;其中,按照重量比计,丙烯酸类树脂含量为5%‑8%,含氟树脂含量为2%‑9%,硅烷含量为10%‑18%,过硼酸钠含量为2%‑6%,钼酸盐含量为2%‑5%;点焊时,选取Cr‑Zr‑Cu作为电极材料,点焊工艺参数如下:焊接电流8.0kA‑12.0kA,焊接时间0.03s‑2s,电极压力3.0kN‑5.0kN。本发明采用经济性的含氟自润滑钝化液组分设计,并配套设计了自润滑型钝化液钝化处理镀锌板的点焊工艺,能够指导用户科学选择焊接工艺参数,生产出高质量的点焊接头。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钝化镀锌板的点焊方法,属于钢板焊接技术领域。
背景技术
热镀锌钢板成形过程中需要对模具添加润滑油,以减少模具与钢板间的摩擦,防止钢板在变形过程中出现开裂或桔皮缺陷,冲压件成型后再用洗涤剂除去零件表面的油渍。然而洗涤剂中通常含有三氯乙烷和氟利昂等物质,会对大气臭氧层产生破坏作用,而且去油洗涤剂的大量使用也对环境产生了破坏。基于此,自润滑钢板的开发和应用受到广泛关注。自润滑钢板缩短了下游加工企业的加工工艺流程,提高了制造效率并降低了制造过程中的介质消耗和人工成本,是一种节能环保绿色无污染的高附加值产品。传统自润滑处理首先需对镀锌钢板进行钝化处理,大多采用铬酸盐钝化,之后再涂覆一层含有润滑剂的有机树脂,此种工艺不够经济环保。含氟高分子具有良好的润滑性能,在摩擦过程中易于滑动,减小摩擦系数,同时氟是最活泼的非金属元素,具有最大的电负性,能与大部分其他元素反应生成非常稳定的化合物,大多数含氟化合物表现出中性或非极性的特性,分子间的作用力很小,使得氟原子容易与金属表面形成氢键,增加膜层与基板的结合性能。氟树脂及含氟添加剂正逐渐成为构成自润滑涂层的主要物质。目前自润滑复合材料的研究大多是针对铜基、铝基、铁基、镍基等金属,针对锌基的含氟自润滑钝化液的成膜机理、成膜过程和膜层结构研究较少,本工作对此进行研究,为自润滑涂层钢板的开发及应用打下基础。
电阻点焊是一种广泛应用于制造业的连接技术,具有效率高、成本低、自动化程度高等优势,因此在家电行业应用广泛。特别是在薄板连接中,电阻点焊优势更为明显。
专利公布号为CN110548976A的中国专利公布了一种1800MPa级超高强度热成形钢板电阻点焊工艺,涉及一种高强度钢板点焊工艺,该发明将两块超高强度热成形钢搭接在一起,并用夹具加紧,使用电阻点焊机器人示教面板,设置路径调整电极位置,使焊接部位位于搭接部分中心点,在示教面板上加入焊接指令并改变焊接压力,通过焊机调整焊接参数后,输入焊接指令完成一次焊接过程,形成电阻点焊接头。该发明提供了一种能够完善超高强度热成形钢板的制造加工技术,可以使超高强度热成形钢板在生产制造中有利地结合在一起,从而显著提高产品的综合性能。
专利公布号为CN109079304A的中国专利公开了一种高碳当量冷轧双相钢的点焊工艺方法,其针对的是Ceq≥0.5的钢板,该发明能够改善熔核部位的组织组成和应力状态,有效解决了碳当量Ceq≥0.5的冷轧双相钢点焊时熔核线部位易出现裂纹的问题,提高了点焊质量。而本发明涉及的钢板为自润滑钝化镀锌板,基板材料为DX51D。
专利公布号为CN110923541A的中国专利公开了一种NiTiCrCuMo基自润滑复合材料及其制备方法,所述NiTiCrCuMo基自润滑复合材料包括固体润滑相、调控剂和基体材料,其中,所述固体润滑相包括Au、Ag、Se和Al2O3纳米颗粒;所述调控剂包括Li、In、Pb和WC纳米粒子;所述基体材料包括Ni、Ti、Cr、Cu和Mo。提供的NiTiCrCuMo基自润滑复合材料具有高承载能力、良好的热力学性能、优异的化学稳定性、耐腐蚀、低摩擦磨损特性等优点,在航空航天、冶金建材、能源机械、海洋深潜与地球勘探以及现金机械等领域具有很高的潜在应用价值和发展前景。
综上所述,大部分关于点焊工艺的专利文献,其母材均为双相钢或高强钢,均未涉及自润滑型钝化液钝化处理镀锌板的点焊工艺研究。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:提供一种钝化镀锌板的点焊方法,能够生产出高质量的钝化镀锌板点焊接头。
为解决上述技术问题本发明所采用的技术方案是:钝化镀锌板的点焊方法,适用的钝化镀锌板牌号为DX51D+Z;按重量比计,基板化学成分为:C:0.06%-0.08%,Si:0.02%-0.09%,Mn:0.10%-0.22%,P:0.005%-0.023%,S:0.004%-0.018%,Als:0.049%,Ti:0.004%-0.015%,余量为Fe和不可避免杂质元素;基板厚度为0.5mm-1.5mm,锌层厚度为100g/m2-160g/m2;
所使用的钝化液组分包含丙烯酸类树脂、含氟树脂、硅烷、过硼酸钠和钼酸盐,其余为水及不可避免的杂质;其中,按照重量比计,丙烯酸类树脂含量为5%-8%,含氟树脂含量为2%-9%,硅烷含量为10%-18%,过硼酸钠含量为2%-6%,钼酸盐含量为2%-5%;
点焊工艺参数如下:焊接电流8.0kA-12.0kA,焊接时间0.03s-2s,电极压力3.0kN-5.0kN。
进一步的是:点焊时,选取Cr-Zr-Cu作为电极材料,电极的本体为圆柱形,头部为圆台形,圆台的顶面直径为6mm,在过圆台中心轴线的截面上,圆台顶边与侧边之间的夹角为120°。
本发明的有益效果是:采用经济性的含氟自润滑钝化液组分设计,并配套设计了自润滑型钝化液钝化处理镀锌板的点焊工艺,能够指导用户科学选择焊接工艺参数,生产出高质量的点焊接头。经生产实际验证,采用该点焊工艺生产的点焊接头,其接头几何尺寸满足标准要求,同时具有较好的抗剪性能及十字拉伸性能,点焊接头失效模式均为熔核剥离,并具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的电极尺寸示意图;
图2为图1的俯视图;
图3为本发明实施例1的接头宏观形貌示意图;
图4为本发明实施例2的接头宏观形貌示意图;
图5为本发明对比例的接头宏观形貌示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明适用的钝化镀锌板牌号为DX51D+Z;按重量比计,基板化学成分为:C:0.06%-0.08%,Si:0.02%-0.09%,Mn:0.10%-0.22%,P:0.005%-0.023%,S:0.004%-0.018%,Als:0.049%,Ti:0.004%-0.015%,余量为Fe和不可避免杂质元素;基板厚度为0.5mm-1.5mm,锌层厚度为100g/m2-160g/m2;所使用的钝化液组分包含丙烯酸类树脂、含氟树脂、硅烷、过硼酸钠和钼酸盐,其余为水及不可避免的杂质;其中,按照重量比计,丙烯酸类树脂含量为5%-8%,含氟树脂含量为2%-9%,硅烷含量为10%-18%,过硼酸钠含量为2%-6%,钼酸盐含量为2%-5%。
钝化液中有机元素组分比例达到17%-35%(丙烯酸类树脂5%-8%,含氟树脂2%-9%,硅烷10%-18%),而有机组分偏高时,需要在较大焊接电流、较短焊接时间及较大电极压力条件下施焊,该焊接工艺能够使有机组分瞬时燃烧或蒸发,熔核在成分上能够实现圆滑过渡,不出现偏析,能够保证在一定的热输入情况下,板材实现有效熔合的同时,不会发生飞溅及焊接缺陷,并保证焊接接头具有一定的承载能力及较好的使用性能。同时,考虑到若焊接电流过大,点焊过程中将发生飞溅现象,点焊接头熔核直径及截面积降低,导致点焊接头承载力及力学性能下降;若焊接电流偏小,点焊接头将出现未熔合、未焊透缺陷,同样引起力学性能下降。若焊接时间过大,容易引起飞溅,降低焊接质量,影响效率;若焊接时间过小,需要配合极大的焊接电流,焊接接头容易出现过热,从而降低焊接质量。若电极压力过大,则接触电阻变大,不利于形成熔核;若电极压力过小,试样接触面积小,将降低焊接接头质量。
因此,本发明选取Cr-Zr-Cu作为电极材料,点焊工艺参数如下:焊接电流8.0kA-12.0kA,焊接时间0.03s-2s,电极压力3.0kN-5.0kN。在具体实施时,Cr-Zr-Cu电极的外形及尺寸参数如图1和图2所示,电极的本体为圆柱形,头部为圆台形,圆台的顶面直径为6mm,在过圆台中心轴线的截面上,圆台顶边与侧边之间的夹角为120°。
实施例和对比例
实施例1:按照重量比计,基板化学成分为:C:0.065%,Si:0.04%,Mn:0.18%,P:0.019%,S:0.012%,Als:0.049%,Ti:0.008%,余量为Fe和不可避免杂质元素。基板厚度1.0mm。锌层厚度120g/m2,钝化液主要成分是丙烯酸类树脂、含氟树脂、硅烷、过硼酸钠和钼酸盐,其余为水及不可避免的杂质。其中,按照重量比计,各组分含量为:丙烯酸类树脂6.7%,含氟树脂6.4%,硅烷13.2%,过硼酸钠4.2%,钼酸盐3.4%。选取Cr-Zr-Cu作为电极材料,基本尺寸如图1,焊接电流9.3kA,焊接时间0.15s,电极压力3.5kN。所获的点焊接头熔核直径6.3mm,剪切力4.5kN,十字拉伸力2.2kN,接头宏观形貌见图3。盐雾试验96h,腐蚀面积不超过5%。
实施例2:按照重量比计,基板化学成分为:C:0.73%,Si:0.08%,Mn:0.16%,P:0.015%,S:0.011%,Als:0.049%,Ti:0.009%,余量为Fe和不可避免杂质元素。基板厚度1.5mm。锌层厚度150g/m2,钝化液主要成分是丙烯酸类树脂、含氟树脂、硅烷、过硼酸钠、钼酸盐,其余为水及不可避免的杂质。其中,按照重量比计,各组分含量为:丙烯酸类树脂5.5%,含氟树脂7.3%,硅烷14.2%,过硼酸钠2.5%,钼酸盐3.5%。选取Cr-Zr-Cu作为电极材料,基本尺寸如图1,焊接电流10.8kA,焊接时间0.53s,电极压力4.5kN。所获的点焊接头熔核直径6.5mm,剪切力7.19kN,十字拉伸力5.91kN,接头宏观形貌见图4。盐雾试验96h,腐蚀面积不超过5%。
对比例:按照重量比计,基板化学成分为:C:0.082%,Si:0.07%,Mn:0.25%,P:0.015%,S:0.011%,Als:0.035%,Ti:0.009%,余量为Fe和不可避免杂质元素。基板厚度1.5mm。锌层厚度150g/m2,钝化液主要成分是丙烯酸类树脂、含氟树脂、硅烷、过硼酸钠、钼酸盐等物质,其余为水及不可避免的杂质。其中,按照重量比计,各组分含量为:丙烯酸类树脂8.5%,含氟树脂5.9%,硅烷13.1%,过硼酸钠2.9%,钼酸盐4.6%。选取Cr-Zr-Cu作为电极材料,基本尺寸如图1,焊接电流8.4kA,焊接时间0.02s,电极压力1.8kN。所获的点焊接头熔核直径3.89mm,剪切力4.49kN,十字拉伸力3.83kN,接头宏观形貌见图5。盐雾试验96h,腐蚀面积超过5%。
Claims (2)
1.钝化镀锌板的点焊方法,其特征在于:钝化镀锌板的牌号为DX51D+Z;按重量比计,基板化学成分为:C:0.06%-0.08%,Si:0.02%-0.09%,Mn:0.10%-0.22%,P:0.005%-0.023%,S:0.004%-0.018%,Als:0.049%,Ti:0.004%-0.015%,余量为Fe和不可避免杂质元素;基板厚度为0.5mm-1.5mm,锌层厚度为100g/m2-160g/m2;
所使用的钝化液组分包含丙烯酸类树脂、含氟树脂、硅烷、过硼酸钠和钼酸盐,其余为水及不可避免的杂质;其中,按照重量比计,丙烯酸类树脂含量为5%-8%,含氟树脂含量为2%-9%,硅烷含量为10%-18%,过硼酸钠含量为2%-6%,钼酸盐含量为2%-5%;
点焊时,选取Cr-Zr-Cu作为电极材料,点焊工艺参数如下:焊接电流8.0kA-12.0kA,焊接时间0.03s-0.53s,电极压力4.5kN-5.0kN。
2.如权利要求1所述的钝化镀锌板的点焊方法,其特征在于:电极的本体为圆柱形,头部为圆台形,圆台的顶面直径为6mm,在过圆台中心轴线的截面上,圆台顶边与侧边之间的夹角为120°。
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