CN114950163A - 一种掺杂cau-1微粒的tfn膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种掺杂CAU‑1微粒的薄膜纳米复合物(TFN)膜,是将CAU‑1微粒加入到有机相溶液中,通过界面聚合的方法制备TFN膜。CAU‑1由变形的八面体和四面体构成,立方结构,具有良好的水稳定性和高孔隙率,可以作为优良的改性粒子添加到薄膜复合材料(TFC)膜中。通过掺杂CAU‑1微粒之后的TFN膜具有更加突出的分离性能以及渗透性能。所制备的TFN膜在盐水分离方面具有很大的潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及膜制备技术领域,具体涉及一种掺杂CAU-1微粒的TFN膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于人口的快速增长和水体污染日趋严重,水资源短缺已成为世界上亟待解决的问题。膜分离技术因其能耗低、操作条件温和等突出优点被广泛的应用于水处理领域。其中TFC膜在工业脱盐膜中占主导地位,TFC膜通常由支撑层和选择层构成,其中,超薄选择层起主要分离作用。通常,聚酰胺(PA)选择层是以胺类单体和酰氯在水-油界面发生原位界面聚合制备的。因此,调节和控制PA层的分子和结构特性对于改善TFC膜的性能非常重要。
就渗透性和选择性而言,“trade-off”效应是TFC膜普遍存在的问题。对此,研究人员就如何提高TFC膜的渗透率而不损失溶质选择性进行了大量研究。实现高渗透率的一个策略是制作超薄的分离层,以降低水传输阻力。另一种可行的策略是通过在PA层中加入亲水纳米材料来改变分离层的内在特性,这种策略的主要原理是降低水穿过分离层的阻力,从而提高渗透率。然而,在基于PA的分离层中很难实现水传输性能的显著改变,因为水分子的传输受到高度交联的聚合物链的严重限制。最近,制备具有褶皱表面的PA分离层成为了研究热点,这种网状“图灵”结构的产生极大地增加了分离层的有效渗透面积,使通量大幅度上升。
金属有机框架材料(MOF)是一种新型的有机-无机杂化材料,具有拓扑结构,孔尺寸和表面性质的高度可调,与聚合物基质有更好的相容性,这些特点使得MOF成为制备分离膜的理想材料。将MOF分散在油相中制备复合膜较分散在水相中可以更好地优化膜性能,这是因为MOF在有机相中可以显著影响界面聚合过程,大大降低膜的孔径,提高膜的透水性。
纳米材料的孔隙率、尺寸、表面化学成分和组成都会影响纳米复合膜的性能。仅从纳米微粒尺寸的角度考虑,通常认为粒径较小的纳米材料有利于在聚合物基质中分散,产生较大的渗透通量。CAU-1(Al4(OH)2(OCH3)4(H2N-BDC)3·xH2O)是由变形的八面体和四面体组成的立方结构的MOF材料,有效孔直径为1nm和0.45nm,具有良好的水稳定性和高孔隙率,可以作为优良的改性粒子添加到TFC膜中。
对此,合成了不同粒径的CAU-1纳米微粒,并将其分散在TMC/正己烷有机相中,通过界面聚合的方法制备TFN膜。一方面,通过改变溶剂的占比,合成不同粒径的CAU-1微粒,将其作为纳米改性材料加入PA层中,改善了分离膜的亲水性。另一方面, CAU-1颗粒自身电荷性质提高了分离膜的纯水通量。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点,寻求设计一种掺杂CAU-1微粒的TFN膜。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种掺杂CAU-1微粒的TFN膜的制备方法,首先合成了不同粒径的CAU-1纳米微粒,并将其分散在TMC/正己烷有机相中,通过界面聚合的方法制备TFN膜。
一种掺杂CAU-1微粒的TFN膜的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)合成不同粒径的CAU-1微粒
将一定量的AlCl3·6H2O和NH2-BDC混合在一定量的甲醇中,将混合液转移到带有聚四氟乙烯衬里的钢制高压釜中,加热12 h后,离心收集黄色产物,然后用甲醇洗涤产物以除去未反应的NH2-BDC,将产物在去离子水中搅拌以进一步纯化,离心回收,真空干燥24小时后保存备用;
(2)制作PPSU基板
首先将PPSU(20 wt.%)、PVP(8 wt.%)和NMP(22 wt.%)的聚合物加热并搅拌12小时,静置过夜后,使用厚度为200µm的铸膜刀将溶液倾倒在干净的玻璃板上,然后,将铸态膜浸入水中进行相转化,最后将其储存在新鲜的去离子水中保存;
(3)制备TFC膜
通过界面聚合的方法在PPSU基底上形成交联聚酰胺层制备TFC膜,首先将PPSU基底放入定制的膜框中,倒入去离子水,停留10min后倒出,再用滤纸吸去多余的溶液,将0.15wt.%的TMC/正己烷溶液倒在膜表面上,进行1 min的界面聚合,随后将溶液倒出,放入70℃的烘箱进行固化,固化完成后保存在去离子水中备用;
(4)制备TFN膜
除了在TMC/正己烷有机相中加入CAU-1微粒之外,TFN膜的制备步骤与TFC膜完全相同,为保证微粒分散,所有CAU-1微粒在正己烷中超声分散30 min。
进一步地,所述制得的CAU-1微粒的粒径范围为300~800nm。
优选地,所述的CAU-1微粒的粒径为300nm、400nm、800nm中的一种。
本发明的有益效果是:①CAU-1(Al4(OH)2(OCH3)4(H2N-BDC)3·xH2O)是由变形的八面体和四面体组成的立方结构,具有良好的水稳定性和高孔隙率,可以作为优良的改性粒子添加到TFC膜中;②在PA层中引入CAU-1微粒后,TFN膜的亲水性得到了显著改善;③粒径小、不带电的CAU-1在保持截留率不变的情况下,可明显提高纯水通量。④TFN膜因高电荷CAU-1的加入,膜表面形成了超大表面积的网状“图灵结构”,较大程度的提升了膜的渗透性能。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明:
图1为不同粒径CAU-1粒子的XRD图;
图2为不同粒径CAU-1粒子的红外光谱图;
图3为TFC和TFN膜亲水性的表征图;
图4为TFC和TFN膜的红外光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种不同粒径CAU-1微粒的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
将2.967g的AlCl3·6H2O和0.746g的NH2-BDC分别混合在60ml、50ml、30ml的甲醇中。将悬浮液转移到带有聚四氟乙烯衬里的钢制高压釜中。加热12 h后,离心收集黄色产物。然后用甲醇洗涤产物以除去未反应的NH2-BDC。将产物在去离子水中搅拌以进一步纯化,离心回收,得到粒径为300nm、400nm、800nm的CAU-1粒子,真空干燥24小时后保存备用。分别命名为CAU-1-300、CAU-1-400、CAU-1-800。
实施例2
一种TFC膜的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
首先将PPSU(20 wt.%)、PVP(8 wt.%)和NMP(22 wt.%)的聚合物加热并搅拌12小时。静置过夜后,将溶液倾倒在干净的玻璃板上,使用厚度为200µm的铸模刀刮膜。然后,将铸态膜浸入水中进行相转化,最后将其储存在新鲜的去离子水中保存,得到PPSU基底。然后将PPSU基底放入定制的膜框中,倒入1 wt.%的PIP水溶液,停留10min后倒出,再用滤纸吸去多余的溶液。将0.15 wt.%的TMC/正己烷溶液倒在膜表面上,进行1 min的界面聚合,随后将溶液倒出,放入70℃的烘箱进行固化。将固化完成后得到的TFC膜保存在去离子水中备用。
实施例3
一种掺杂CAU-1的TFN膜的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
除了在TMC/正己烷有机相中加入不同浓度的CAU-1微粒之外,TFN膜的制备步骤与TFC膜完全相同。加入CAU-1粒子的浓度为0.02w/v.% ,0.05w/v.% ,0.1w/v.% ,为保证微粒分散,所有CAU-1粒子在正己烷中超声分散30 min。含有300、400和800 nm微粒的TFC膜被称为TFN-300、TFN-400和TFN-800。
对比例1
首先将PPSU(20 wt.%)、PVP(8 wt.%)和NMP(22 wt.%)的聚合物加热并搅拌12小时。静置过夜后,将溶液倾倒在干净的玻璃板上,使用铸模刀刮膜。然后将膜浸入水中进行相转化,最后将其储存在新鲜的去离子水中保存。然后将PPSU基底放入定制的膜框中,倒入1 wt.%的PIP水溶液,停留10min后倒出,再用滤纸吸去多余的溶液。将0.15 wt.%的TMC/正己烷溶液倒在膜表面上,进行1 min的界面聚合,随后将溶液倒出,放入70℃的烘箱进行固化。将固化完成后得到的TFC膜保存在去离子水中备用。在TMC/正己烷有机相中加入CAU-1粒子的浓度为0.1w/v.% ,为保证颗粒分散, CAU-1粒子在正己烷中超声分散30 min。含有300、400和800 nm颗粒的TFC膜被称为TFN-300、TFN-400和TFN-800 (除了在TMC/正己烷有机相中加入不同浓度的CAU-1颗粒之外,TFN膜的制备步骤与TFC膜完全相同) 。
经测试,TFC膜水接触角为44.04°,加入CAU-1颗粒后,TFN膜的接触角降低,TFN-300、TFN-400、TFN-800接触角分别为41.86°、40.62°、32.37°;TFC膜纯水通量为19.36 L·m-2·h-1,而当加入CAU-1颗粒后,TFN-300、TFN-400、TFN-800膜纯水通量分别为27.05、24.91、26.99 L·m-2·h-1,并且TFN-800膜产生了图灵结构。
Claims (7)
1.一种掺杂CAU-1微粒的TFN膜的制备方法,其特征在于,合成了不同粒径的CAU-1微粒,并将按一定浓度分散在均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)/正己烷有机相中,通过界面聚合的方法制备TFN膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的掺杂CAU-1微粒的TFN膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)合成不同粒径的CAU-1微粒:将一定量的六水三氯化铝(AlCl3·6H2O)和2-氨基1,4-苯二甲酸(NH2-BDC)混合在一定量的甲醇中,将混合液转移到带有聚四氟乙烯衬里的钢制高压釜中,加热12 h后,离心收集黄色产物,然后用甲醇洗涤产物以除去未反应的NH2-BDC,为了去除框架中的氯离子,将产物在去离子水中搅拌以进一步纯化,离心回收,真空干燥24小时后保存备用;
(2)制作聚亚苯基砜(PPSU)基板:首先将聚亚苯基砜PPSU(20 wt.%)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮PVP(8 wt.%)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮NMP(22 wt.%)的聚合物加热并搅拌12小时,静置过夜后,倾倒在干净的玻璃板上,使用厚度为200µm的铸膜刀刮膜,然后将铸态膜浸入水中进行相转化,最后将其储存在新鲜的去离子水中保存;
(3)制备TFC膜:通过界面聚合的方法在PPSU基底上形成交联聚酰胺层制备TFC膜,首先将PPSU基底放入定制的膜框中,倒入1 wt.%的哌嗪(PIP)水溶液,停留10min后倒出,再用滤纸吸去多余的溶液,将0.15 wt.%的TMC/正己烷溶液倒在膜表面上,进行1 min的界面聚合,随后将溶液倒出,放入70℃的烘箱进行固化,固化完成后保存在去离子水中备用;
(4)制备TFN膜:除了在TMC/正己烷有机相中按照一定浓度加入不同粒径的之外,TFN膜的制备步骤与TFC膜完全相同,为保证微粒分散,CAU-1微粒在正己烷中超声分散30 min。
3.根据权利要求2所述的掺杂CAU-1微粒的TFN膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的CAU-1微粒的粒径范围为300~800nm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的掺杂CAU-1微粒的TFN膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的CAU-1微粒的粒径优选为300nm、400nm、800nm中的一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的掺杂CAU-1微粒的TFN膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的CAU-1微粒的浓度为0.02w/v.%~0.1 w/v.%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的掺杂CAU-1微粒的TFN膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的CAU-1微粒的浓度优选为0.02w/v.%或0.05w/v.%或0.1 w/v.%。
7.一种根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述方法制备的掺杂CAU-1微粒的TFN膜。
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