CN114949338A - 一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN114949338A
CN114949338A CN202210592222.1A CN202210592222A CN114949338A CN 114949338 A CN114949338 A CN 114949338A CN 202210592222 A CN202210592222 A CN 202210592222A CN 114949338 A CN114949338 A CN 114949338A
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杨赓
陆雨姚
徐凯臣
杨华勇
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶及其制备方法和应用。本发明主要以聚乙烯醇为基材,通过添加植酸和蜂蜜中的葡萄糖和果糖对其进行改性而成。抗菌水凝胶的制备过程中未添加有毒性的化学交联剂或者引发剂,主要通过聚乙烯醇、植酸和单糖之间的酯键、氢键和静电吸附作用交联而成。同时,在聚乙烯醇基材中加入植酸和蜂蜜后,水凝胶对金葡萄球菌、耐药性金葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌都有比较显著持久的抗菌效果,抗菌时间能维持3个月左右。同时,有机水凝胶还具有很好的可拉伸性和和较高的导电性,为其在基于生物敷料的柔性电子器件上的应用提供了有利的条件。

Description

一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于生物敷料领域的一种抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,具体涉及了一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
伤口敷料已成为生物医学材料研究的一个重要分支。伤口细菌感染严重的情况下会引发其他疾病甚至影响生命。在新冠肺炎病毒流行的当下,细菌传染病和细菌感染的环境一直威胁着世界各地人类的健康。自首次发现青霉素以来,抗生素已经提供了一种有效的治疗细菌感染性疾病的方法。但是,由于抗生素的过度使用或使用不当导致细菌耐药性的增加,导致情况更加恶化。因此,越来越多的抗菌生物材料在某些情况下被开发作为抗生素的替代品。其中,抗菌水凝胶由于制备过程简单,结构多样性和可以负载抗菌剂等优点吸引了广泛的关注。
水凝胶是一类通过化学或者物理交联形成的三维网络凝胶。由于其优越的生物相容性、可控的物理性质、天然的载药结构和丰富的功能基团,水凝胶逐渐成为医学创面研究的热点。迄今为止,水凝胶已成功应用于治疗皮肤缺损、感染创面、烧伤创面、糖尿病足和体内湿性创面等。根据感染创面情况的不同,水凝胶需要具备良好的组织黏附性、优异的机械性能、持久的抗菌能力。由于水凝胶有着和皮肤相似的杨氏模量(0.5-1.95MPa)、柔韧性、含水量(>70%)以及透气性等物化性质,可以给创面提供一个抗菌的湿润环境。目前,水凝胶抗菌的方式主要有两种,一种是通过负载抗菌剂,比如壳聚糖、金属纳米粒子(Ag、Cu、Zn)来破坏细菌的细胞壁,另一种是通过水凝胶自身的物理化学结构和细菌的相互作用来达到抗菌作用。前一种方式已经发展的较为成熟,并且有许多研究证实了银离子的出色的抗菌效果。然而基于材料本身结构的抗菌机理和抗菌效果还不够完善。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中存在的问题和需求,本发明提出了一种通过植酸和蜂蜜改性的聚乙烯醇基抗菌水凝胶及其制备方法和应用,其中,蜂蜜和植酸是两种天然高分子材料,这两种材料都具有较好的亲水性和生物兼容性。文献“The antibacterial activities ofhoney”(Saad Almasaudi,Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,2188-2196,2021)中提到蜂蜜的pH值一般在3.2-4.5左右,大部分的微生物和细菌主要生活在pH值为6.5-7.5的中性环境中,这样的低酸碱度还能促进组织修复。蜂蜜中的糖含量,多酚化合物和过氧化氢等多种物质都有助于蜂蜜的抗菌功效。植酸,又称作肌醇六磷酸,由于它有很丰富的磷酸基团,能够在加热条件下和聚乙烯醇、葡萄糖等糖类发生酯化反应,从而得到一种酯键、氢键、静电吸附作用交联的紧密网络结构。通过利用蜂蜜和植酸对聚乙烯醇进行改性后,该水凝胶能够对金葡萄球菌、耐药性金葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌有很好的抗菌效果,因此抗菌水凝胶也为有机水凝胶,适用于但不限于生物医用敷料领域。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一、一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶的制备方法
方法包括以下步骤:
1)配置含氢键的合成或半合成高分子材料溶液:将含氢键的合成或半合成高分子材料溶于去离子水中,进行加热搅拌,得到含氢键的合成或半合成高分子材料溶液;
2)配置混合溶液:将含氢键的合成或半合成高分子材料溶液与植酸溶液、蜂蜜以质量比5:5:2的比例进行搅拌混合,搅拌至溶液均匀无杂质为止,再静置去除气泡后,得到透明的混合溶液;
3)对混合溶液进行预固化处理:在80℃水浴加热的条件下对混合溶液进行预固化,预固化后的溶液呈棕色粘稠状且表面有一层薄膜,揭开薄膜后,得到预固化的水凝胶溶液;
4)制备抗菌水凝胶:将预固化好的水凝胶溶液倒入准备好的模具中,然后进行多次冷冻解冻循环,得到固化好的水凝胶。
方法还包括以下步骤:
5)将固化好的水凝胶脱模:待固化好的水凝胶固化完全后,将固化完全的水凝胶从模具中揭开,放至冰箱冷冻中保存。
所述步骤1)中,聚乙烯醇溶液的固含量为10-20%,溶解温度为60℃,搅拌时间为24h,搅拌速度为800rpm/min。
所述步骤2)中,植酸溶液的质量百分浓度为1~5%。
所述步骤2)中,蜂蜜为含单糖含量较高的蜂蜜,具体地,蜂蜜中的葡萄糖和果糖含量均大于20%。
所述步骤4)中,冷冻解冻循环的冷冻温度为-48℃,冷冻时间为2h;解冻温度为室温,解冻时间为30min,冷冻解冻循环的次数为3次。
所述步骤1)中含氢键的合成或半合成高分子材料为下列高分子材料一种或多种:聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、纤维素衍生物,其中纤维素衍生物具体为羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素,所述水凝胶中合成或半合成高分子的重量百分浓度为10%~20%。
二、一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶。
三、所述的一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶在制备皮肤伤口敷料中的应用。
本发明中的水凝胶是一种不需添加任何有毒化学交联剂的抗菌水凝胶,主要是通过以聚乙烯醇为基材,通过复合植酸和蜂蜜对其改性制得。传统的聚乙烯醇水凝胶基本不具备抗菌性能,并且制备得到的水凝胶结构比较单一,力学性能比较差。而利用植酸和蜂蜜对聚乙烯醇进行改性后,该水凝胶中由于存在酯键、氢键和静电吸附作用等共价键和非共价键作用,力学性能有了很大的改善。同时,蜂蜜中自带的一些抗菌成分也具有一定的抗菌效果。
该水凝胶抗菌的主要机理可以分为几个方面:
(1)蜂蜜的pH值较低,不利于细菌生存。
(2)蜂蜜中的葡萄糖、果糖浓度较高,这些糖类所带的正电荷会与细菌表面的负电荷发生静电吸附作用,从而破坏细胞壁,杀死细菌。
(3)植酸的六个磷酸基团会螯合蜂蜜中的金属离子(K+为主),从而破坏细菌的细胞壁。
(4)在水凝胶制备过程中进行加热,会促进蜂蜜中的过氧化氢成分的增加,过氧化氢具有杀菌作用且能刺激血管内皮生长因子的产生。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明的抗菌水凝胶对金葡萄球菌、耐药性金葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的具有显著的体外和小白鼠体内抗菌效果,同时,对耐药性的金葡萄球菌也能在三个月内维持较好的体外抗菌效果。
附图说明
图1为基于聚乙烯醇、植酸和蜂蜜的抗菌水凝胶的结构示意图;
图2为在37℃恒温下放置24h后,抗菌水凝胶对金葡萄球菌、耐药性金葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌效果;
图3为在37℃恒温下放置三个月后抗菌水凝胶对金葡萄球菌、耐药性金葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明:
实施例1
1)配置固含量为10%的聚乙烯醇溶液:将1g聚乙烯醇加入9g去离子水中,60℃下搅拌溶解24h,搅拌速度为800rpm/min,得到透明粘稠的聚乙烯醇溶液并保存备用;
2)制备混合溶液:将5g质量百分浓度为1%的植酸溶液和2g蜂蜜分别加入到5g固含量为10%的聚乙烯醇溶液中,在70℃的加热条件下搅拌混合均匀至无杂质为止,搅拌速度为700rpm/min,静置半小时除泡后,得到透明的混合溶液;这边不使用真空除气泡的方法,因为溶液粘稠会导致大量气泡聚集在表面,更难消泡。
3)对混合溶液进行预固化处理:在80℃水浴加热的条件下对混合溶液进行预固化,持续2小时,预固化后的溶液呈浅棕色粘稠状且表面有一层薄膜,是表层溶液在加热过程中快速失水形成,用镊子揭开薄膜后,得到预固化的水凝胶溶液;
4)制备抗菌水凝胶:将预固化好的水凝胶溶液倒入准备好的模具中,然后进行3次冷冻解冻循环,得到固化好的水凝胶,固化好的水凝胶具有弹性。
5)将固化好的水凝胶脱模:待固化好的水凝胶固化完全后,将固化完全的水凝胶从模具中揭开,放至冰箱冷冻中保存。
实施例2
1)配置固含量为15%的聚乙烯醇溶液:将1.5g聚乙烯醇加入8.5g去离子水中,60℃下搅拌溶解24h,得到透明粘稠的聚乙烯醇溶液并保存备用;
2)制备混合溶液:将5g质量百分浓度为1%的植酸溶液和2g蜂蜜溶液分别加入到5g固含量为15%的聚乙烯醇溶液中,在70℃的加热条件下搅拌混合均匀,搅拌速度为700rpm/min,静置半小时除泡后,得到透明的混合溶液;
3)对混合溶液进行预固化处理:在80℃水浴加热的条件下对混合溶液进行预固化,持续2小时左右,预固化后的溶液呈浅棕色粘稠状且表面有一层薄膜,用镊子揭开薄膜后,得到预固化的水凝胶溶液;
4)制备抗菌水凝胶:将预固化好的水凝胶溶液倒入准备好的模具中,然后进行3次冷冻解冻循环,得到固化好的水凝胶,固化好的水凝胶具有弹性。
5)将固化好的水凝胶脱模:待固化好的水凝胶固化完全后,将固化完全的水凝胶从模具中揭开,放至冰箱冷冻中保存。
实施例3
1)配置固含量为20%的聚乙烯醇溶液:将2g聚乙烯醇加入8g去离子水中,60℃下搅拌溶解24h,保存备用;
2)制备混合溶液:将5g质量百分浓度为1%的植酸溶液和2g蜂蜜溶液分别加入到5g固含量为20%的聚乙烯醇溶液中,在70℃的加热条件下搅拌混合均匀,静置除泡后,得到透明的混合溶液;
3)对混合溶液进行预固化处理:将上述混合除泡后的混合物溶液在80℃水浴加热的条件下进行预固化,预固化后的液体呈浅棕色粘稠状,溶液表面有一层薄膜,用镊子揭开薄膜后,得到预固化的水凝胶溶液;
4)制备抗菌水凝胶:将预固化好的水凝胶粘稠溶液倒入准备好的模具中,然后进行冷冻解冻固化,可得到具有弹性的抗菌水凝胶。
5)将固化好的水凝胶脱模:待固化好的水凝胶固化完全后,将固化完全的水凝胶从模具中揭开,放至冰箱冷冻中保存。
实施例1-3中分别改变了抗菌水凝胶中的聚乙烯醇溶液的质量浓度,由于聚乙烯醇在水凝胶中的主要功能是作为支架,所以改变聚乙烯醇的质量浓度,可以调节水凝胶的力学性能,具体可描述为:当聚乙烯醇的浓度从10%增加至20%时,该抗菌水凝胶的力学强度杨氏模量会随之增加。由于抗菌水凝胶的使用对象是人体皮肤,弹性较好力学强度弱的水凝胶会提高使用的舒适度,但是并不会影响水凝胶的抗菌性能,所以优选聚乙烯醇质量百分浓度为10%。
实施例1-3中的抗菌水凝胶结构如附图1所示,水凝胶的交联结构中含共价键酯键)和非共价键氢键和静电吸附作用)。对金葡萄球菌、耐药性金葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌效果如附图2所示,可以观察到抗菌凝胶的抑菌直径远远大于抗生素的抑菌直径,图中的blank为空白组,Anti为抗生素组。附图3为图2中的水凝胶放置3个月后的抑菌效果,可以观察到,三个月后,细菌已经对抗生素产生耐药性,但是抗菌水凝胶的抑菌效果依旧良好,说明了本发明中抗菌水凝胶的抗菌、抑菌的持久性。
实施例1中实验组(植酸质量百分浓度为1%)、空白对照组和抗体组的体外抗菌的抑菌直径数据如下表所示,对照组和抗体组的白色试验纸尺寸为6mm。
表1:实验组(植酸质量百分浓度为1%)、空白对照组和抗体组的体外抗菌的抑菌直径数据表
细菌种类 实验组(1%) 对照组 抗体组
金葡萄球菌 10.74mm <6mm 8.4
耐药性金葡萄球菌 9.5mm <6mm <6mm
铜绿假单胞菌 10.6mm <6mm 10.3mm
实施例4
1)配置固含量为10%的聚乙烯醇溶液:将1g聚乙烯醇加入9g去离子水中,60℃下搅拌溶解24h,保存备用;
2)制备混合溶液:将5g质量百分浓度为2.5%的植酸溶液和2g蜂蜜溶液分别加入到5g固含量为10%的聚乙烯醇溶液中,在70℃的加热条件下搅拌混合均匀,静置除泡后,得到透明的混合溶液;
3)对混合溶液进行预固化处理:将上述混合除泡后的混合物溶液在80℃水浴加热的条件下进行预固化,预固化后的液体呈浅棕色粘稠状,溶液表面有一层薄膜,用镊子揭开薄膜后,得到预固化的水凝胶溶液;
4)制备抗菌水凝胶:将预固化好的水凝胶粘稠溶液倒入准备好的模具中,然后进行冷冻解冻固化,可得到具有弹性的抗菌水凝胶。
5)将固化好的水凝胶脱模:待固化好的水凝胶固化完全后,将固化完全的水凝胶从模具中揭开,放至冰箱冷冻中保存。
实施例4中实验组(植酸质量百分浓度为2.5%)、空白对照组和抗体组的体外抗菌的抑菌直径数据如下表所示,对照组和抗体组的白色试验纸尺寸为6mm。
表2:实验组(植酸质量百分浓度为2.5%)、空白对照组和抗体组的体外抗菌的抑菌直径数据表
细菌种类 实验组(2.5%) 对照组 抗体组
金葡萄球菌 12.9mm <6mm 8.4
耐药性金葡萄球菌 10.7mm <6mm <6mm
铜绿假单胞菌 11.5mm <6mm 10.3mm
实施例5
1)配置固含量为10%的聚乙烯醇溶液:将1g聚乙烯醇加入9g去离子水中,60℃下搅拌溶解24h,保存备用;
2)制备混合溶液:将5g质量百分浓度为5%的植酸溶液和2g蜂蜜溶液分别加入到5g固含量为10%的聚乙烯醇溶液中,在70℃的加热条件下搅拌混合均匀,静置除泡后,得到透明的混合溶液;
3)对混合溶液进行预固化处理:将上述混合除泡后的混合物溶液在80℃水浴加热的条件下进行预固化,预固化后的液体呈浅棕色粘稠状,溶液表面有一层薄膜,用镊子揭开薄膜后,得到预固化的水凝胶溶液;
4)制备抗菌水凝胶:将预固化好的水凝胶粘稠溶液倒入准备好的模具中,然后进行冷冻解冻固化,可得到具有弹性的抗菌水凝胶。
5)将固化好的水凝胶脱模:待固化好的水凝胶固化完全后,将固化完全的水凝胶从模具中揭开,放至冰箱冷冻中保存。
实施例5中实验组(植酸质量百分浓度为5%)、空白对照组和抗体组的体外抗菌的抑菌直径数据如下表所示,对照组和抗体组的白色试验纸尺寸为6mm。
表3:实验组(植酸质量百分浓度为5%)、空白对照组和抗体组的体外抗菌的抑菌直径数据表
细菌种类 实验组(5%) 对照组 抗体组
金葡萄球菌 15mm <6mm 8.4
耐药性金葡萄球菌 11.5mm <6mm <6mm
铜绿假单胞菌 14.5mm <6mm 10.3mm
实施例1,4-5中改变了水凝胶中的植酸含量,从质量百分浓度1%增加至5%,从表1-3中的体外抗菌数据可以看出增加植酸的含量,可以提高抗菌水凝胶的抑菌直径,这是由于增加了植酸的质量浓度,增加了酯键的含量,提高了水凝胶的交联密度,从而破坏细菌的细胞壁,有效的抑制了细菌的活性。

Claims (9)

1.一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)配置含氢键的合成或半合成高分子材料溶液:将含氢键的合成或半合成高分子材料溶于去离子水中,进行加热搅拌,得到含氢键的合成或半合成高分子材料溶液;
2)配置混合溶液:将含氢键的合成或半合成高分子材料溶液与植酸溶液、蜂蜜以质量比5:5:2的比例进行搅拌混合,搅拌至溶液均匀无杂质为止,再静置去除气泡后,得到透明的混合溶液;
3)对混合溶液进行预固化处理:在80℃水浴加热的条件下对混合溶液进行预固化,预固化后的溶液呈棕色粘稠状且表面有一层薄膜,揭开薄膜后,得到预固化的水凝胶溶液;
4)制备抗菌水凝胶:将预固化好的水凝胶溶液倒入准备好的模具中,然后进行多次冷冻解冻循环,得到固化好的水凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,方法还包括以下步骤:
5)将固化好的水凝胶脱模:待固化好的水凝胶固化完全后,将固化完全的水凝胶从模具中揭开,放至冰箱冷冻中保存。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中,聚乙烯醇溶液的固含量为10-20%,溶解温度为60℃,搅拌时间为24h,搅拌速度为800rpm/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中,植酸溶液的质量百分浓度为1~5%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中,蜂蜜为含单糖含量较高的蜂蜜,具体地,蜂蜜中的葡萄糖和果糖含量均大于20%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4)中,冷冻解冻循环的冷冻温度为-48℃,冷冻时间为2h;解冻温度为室温,解冻时间为30min,冷冻解冻循环的次数为3次。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中含氢键的合成或半合成高分子材料为下列高分子材料一种或多种:聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、纤维素衍生物。
8.一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶,其特征在于,所述可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶是根据权利要求1-7任一所述的制备方法制得的。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种可持久抗耐药菌水凝胶在制备皮肤伤口敷料中的应用。
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