CN114946997A - Method for producing compound feed by fermenting mixed strains - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/113—Acidophilus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of biological feed fermentation, and discloses a method for producing a compound feed by fermenting mixed strains, which comprises the following steps: respectively culturing and propagating bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus, candida utilis and aspergillus niger in a culture medium to obtain culture expanding liquid for later use; mixing beet waste silk, corn straw, cottonseed meal, wheat, corn and molasses, adding water, stirring uniformly, and feeding the obtained mixed material into a sterilization tank for sterilization treatment; inoculating a bacillus subtilis expanding culture solution and a lactobacillus acidophilus expanding culture solution into the sterilized mixed material to perform first mixed fermentation; after the first mixed fermentation is finished, adding the candida utilis expanding culture solution and the aspergillus niger expanding culture solution continuously, and performing second mixed fermentation to obtain wet materials; and drying the wet material at low temperature, and crushing to obtain the compound feed. The composite feed prepared by the invention effectively improves the phenomenon of poor palatability of the straw forage, and improves the utilization rate and feeding effect of the feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological feed fermentation, in particular to a method for producing a compound feed by fermenting mixed strains.
Background
China is always a world-wide animal husbandry and feed production country, and is also a world-wide feed consumption country, the animal husbandry and feed industry continue to grow rapidly, Sinkiang is mainly oriented to agriculture, unused agricultural byproducts and fruit and vegetable byproduct resources are very rich, especially beet waste silk high-humidity perishable agricultural byproduct raw materials are wasted or sold to farmers as winter storage feeds for cellaring storage due to lack of fermentation technologies for the byproducts, but the cellaring sealing performance is poor, mildew and rot occur frequently, and the feeding value is low. The detection finds that the waste beet fibre is a high-fiber feeding raw material and an important raw material for improving the environment in the intestinal tract.
Therefore, in the face of severe animal husbandry development severely limited by the supply of feed raw materials, the novel feed ingredients are tried to replace the conventional feed ingredients which are in short supply day by day to develop and utilize unconventional feed resources, the utilization rate of the feed is improved, meanwhile, the phenomenon that ruminants such as flocks and herds have poor palatability to straw forage grass is relieved, and the improvement of the feeding effect is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for producing a compound feed by fermenting mixed strains, which can effectively solve the problems of poor palatability to straw forage grass, low feed utilization rate and poor feeding effect of ruminants.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for producing compound feed by fermenting mixed strains, which comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively culturing and propagating bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus, candida utilis and aspergillus niger in a culture medium to obtain culture expanding liquid for later use;
(2) mixing beet waste silk, corn straw, cottonseed meal, wheat, corn and molasses, adding water, stirring uniformly, and feeding the obtained mixed material into a sterilization tank for sterilization treatment;
(3) inoculating a bacillus subtilis expanding culture solution and a lactobacillus acidophilus expanding culture solution into the sterilized mixed material to perform first mixed fermentation;
(4) after the first mixed fermentation is finished, adding the candida utilis expanding culture solution and the aspergillus niger expanding culture solution continuously, and performing second mixed fermentation to obtain wet materials;
(5) and drying the wet material at low temperature, and crushing to obtain the compound feed.
In the invention, the bacillus subtilis has the characteristics of acid resistance, salt resistance, high temperature resistance and extrusion resistance, can quickly germinate and convert into nutritional cells with metabolism action on intestinal tracts, has various effective active components, is rich in various amino acids, can generate various extracellular enzymes such as protease, lipase and amylase, and can balance/stabilize the lactobacillus;
the lactobacillus acidophilus has obvious effects of preventing and treating diarrhea of ruminants, has obvious weight gain effect, improves feed intake and daily weight gain, obviously improves apparent digestibility of crude fiber, and increases the number of fiber decomposing bacteria and lactic acid producing bacteria in rumen;
aspergillus niger is a strong bacterial strain secreting cellulase and pectinase, Aspergillus niger fermented feed is safe and reliable, does not produce toxin, has strong ability of inhibiting infectious microbes, can secrete amylase, cellulase, xylanase and the like, promotes the degradation of raw material nutrients such as fiber substances, starch and the like, and releases mono-and di-saccharides which can be utilized by lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes;
the candida utilis has special color, fragrance and taste, good palatability, strong acid resistance in the fermentation process, suitability for low-pH culture, difficult pollution and high recovery rate, is rich in B vitamins, can generate bioactive substances for promoting cell division, and has the effects of strengthening nutrition, resisting diseases and promoting growth.
Preferably, in the method for producing the compound feed by fermenting the mixed strains, the mass ratio of the beet waste silk, the corn straw, the cottonseed meal, the wheat, the corn and the molasses in the step (2) is (25-35): (15-25): (5-15): (15-20): (15-25);
further preferably, the mass ratio of the beet waste silk, the corn straw, the cottonseed meal, the wheat, the corn and the molasses is 30:20:20:10:17: 20.
Preferably, in the method for producing the compound feed by fermenting the mixed strain, the molasses is any one or a mixture of beet molasses, cane molasses, citrus molasses and corn molasses.
Preferably, in the method for producing the compound feed by fermenting the mixed strains, the particle size of the mixed material in the step (2) is 20-100 mm.
Preferably, in the method for producing the compound feed by fermenting the mixed strains, in the step (3), the addition amount of the bacillus subtilis propagation solution and the lactobacillus acidophilus propagation solution is 12-15% of the total mass of the mixed materials, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis propagation solution to the lactobacillus acidophilus propagation solution is 1 (1-2.5);
further preferably, the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis expanding culture solution to the lactobacillus acidophilus expanding culture solution is 1:1.
Preferably, in the method for producing the compound feed by fermenting the mixed strains, the fermentation temperature of the first mixed fermentation in the step (3) is 32-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 24-30 h;
further preferably, the fermentation temperature of the first mixed fermentation is 33 ℃, and the fermentation time is 28 h.
Preferably, in the method for producing the compound feed by fermenting the mixed strains, the adding amount of the candida utilis expanding culture solution and the aspergillus niger expanding culture solution in the step (4) is 10-12% of the total mass of the mixed materials, and the mass ratio of the candida utilis expanding culture solution to the aspergillus niger expanding culture solution is 1 (1-1.5);
further preferably, the mass ratio of the candida utilis expanding culture solution to the aspergillus niger expanding culture solution is 1:1.
Preferably, in the method for producing the compound feed by fermenting the mixed strains, the fermentation temperature of the second mixed fermentation in the step (4) is 30-32 ℃, and the fermentation time is 36-45 h.
Further preferably, the fermentation temperature of the second mixed fermentation is 30 ℃, and the fermentation time is 40 h.
Preferably, in the above method for producing compound feed by fermenting mixed strains, the low-temperature drying in step (5) is cooling to 25-30 ℃ by air in a low-temperature boiling fluidized bed.
Preferably, in the method for producing the compound feed by fermenting the mixed strains, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis expanding culture solution, the lactobacillus acidophilus expanding culture solution, the candida utilis expanding culture solution and the aspergillus niger expanding culture solution is not less than 1.2 multiplied by 10 7 -1.8×10 7 CFU/g；
More preferably, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis expanding culture solution is not less than 1.8 multiplied by 10 7 CFU/g, the viable count of the lactobacillus acidophilus expanding culture solution is not less than 1.5 multiplied by 10 7 CFU/g, the viable count of the candida utilis expanding culture solution is not less than 1.2 multiplied by 10 7 CFU/g, the viable count of the Aspergillus niger expanding culture solution is not less than 1.8 multiplied by 10 7 CFU/g；
Further preferably, the culture medium inoculated by the bacillus subtilis is an LB culture medium, and the LB culture medium is: NaCl10.0g, peptone 10.0g, and yeast extract 5.0 g; pH 7.0;
the culture medium inoculated by the lactobacillus acidophilus is an MRS culture medium, and the MRS culture medium is as follows: 10.0g/L of peptone, 8.0g/L of beef extract, 4.0g/L of yeast extract, 20.0g/L of glucose, 801mL/L of tween, 2.0g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 5.0g/L of sodium acetate trihydrate, 2.0g/L of triammonium citrate, 0.2g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and 0.05g/L of manganese sulfate; the pH value is 6.2 plus or minus 0.2;
the culture medium inoculated by the candida utilis is an YPD culture medium, and the YPD culture medium is as follows: 5.0g/L yeast powder, 10.0g/L peptone, 20.0g/L glucose, 2.5g/L sodium propionate and pH 4.0 +/-0.1;
the culture medium inoculated by the aspergillus niger is a PDA culture medium which is: 200g of potato, 20g of cane sugar and 20g of agar.
Preferably, in the above method for producing compound feed by fermenting mixed strains, the particle size of the compound feed in step (5) is 3-8 mm.
The invention also provides a compound feed fermented by the mixed strains prepared by the method.
The invention provides a compound feed produced by fermenting mixed strains, which has the beneficial effects that compared with the prior art:
(1) according to the invention, cheap agricultural and sideline products such as beet waste silk and straw are produced into animal husbandry forage grass by microbial fermentation, and enzymes generated in the microbial fermentation process are utilized to degrade macromolecular substances which are difficult to digest and absorb into absorbable and utilizable micromolecular nutrient substances, so that the feed cost is reduced, the feed conversion rate is improved, and the purpose of improving the economic benefit is achieved;
(2) in the fermentation process, the straw feed is optimized, the use amount of the straw feed is increased, the absorption and utilization of the straw feed by ruminants are promoted, the feeding cost is reduced, the economic benefit is improved, the high-efficiency and safe use effect of the corn straw in the daily ration of the ruminants is achieved, the crisis of food conflict of people and livestock is further relieved, the palatability problem of the ruminants such as cattle and sheep fed by single straw is solved by optimizing the types and the addition amount of raw materials and selecting strains, the feeding effect is effectively improved, and the problem of treatment of the straw and other agricultural and sideline products is solved.
(3) According to the invention, through the interaction of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus, candida utilis and aspergillus niger and the two mixed fermentation processes, the composite feed with higher bacteria content, enzyme content and acid content is obtained, the feed intake and feed conversion rate of ruminants can be effectively improved, the overall palatability of the composite feed can be improved, the appetite of animals can be stimulated, the intestinal problems of diarrhea and the like caused by nutrition and bacteria can be reduced, and the immunity of the organism can be improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for producing compound feed by fermenting mixed strains comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively culturing and propagating bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus, candida utilis and aspergillus niger in a culture medium to obtain culture expanding liquid for later use;
(2) mixing beet waste silk, corn straw, cottonseed meal, wheat, corn and beet molasses according to the mass ratio of 30:20:20:10:17:20, adding water, stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed material, and feeding the mixed material into a sterilization tank for sterilization treatment, wherein the particle size of the mixed material is 20-100 mm;
(3) inoculating a bacillus subtilis propagation solution and a lactobacillus acidophilus propagation solution which are 13 percent of the total mass of the mixed materials into the sterilized mixed materials, and performing primary mixed fermentation at 33 ℃, wherein the fermentation time is 28 hours, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis propagation solution to the lactobacillus acidophilus propagation solution is 1: 1;
(4) after the first mixed fermentation is finished, continuously adding 11% by mass of the total mass of the mixed materials of the candida utilis expanding culture solution and the aspergillus niger expanding culture solution, and performing second mixed fermentation at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 40 hours to obtain wet materials, wherein the mass ratio of the candida utilis expanding culture solution to the aspergillus niger expanding culture solution is 1: 1;
(5) cooling the wet material to 25-30 ℃ in a low-temperature boiling fluidized bed by air, and crushing to 3-8mm to obtain the compound feed.
Example 2
A method for producing compound feed by mixed strain fermentation comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively culturing and propagating bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus, candida utilis and aspergillus niger in a culture medium to obtain culture expanding liquid for later use;
(2) mixing beet waste silk, corn straw, cottonseed meal, wheat, corn and cane molasses according to a mass ratio of 25:15:15:5:15:15, adding water, stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed material, and feeding the mixed material into a sterilization tank for sterilization treatment, wherein the particle size of the mixed material is 20-100 mm;
(3) inoculating a bacillus subtilis propagation solution and a lactobacillus acidophilus propagation solution which are 12 percent of the total mass of the mixed materials into the sterilized mixed materials, and performing primary mixed fermentation at the temperature of 32 ℃, wherein the fermentation time is 30 hours, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis propagation solution to the lactobacillus acidophilus propagation solution is 1: 1.5;
(4) after the first mixed fermentation is finished, continuously adding a Candida utilis culture expanding solution and an Aspergillus niger culture expanding solution which are 10 percent of the total mass of the mixed materials, and performing second mixed fermentation at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 45 hours to obtain a wet material, wherein the mass ratio of the Candida utilis culture expanding solution to the Aspergillus niger culture expanding solution is 1: 1.2;
(5) cooling the wet material to 25-30 ℃ in a low-temperature boiling fluidized bed by air, and crushing to 3-8mm to obtain the compound feed.
Example 3
A method for producing compound feed by fermenting mixed strains comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively culturing and propagating bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus, candida utilis and aspergillus niger in a culture medium to obtain culture expanding liquid for later use;
(2) mixing beet waste silk, corn straw, cottonseed meal, wheat, corn, cane molasses and corn molasses according to the mass ratio of 35:25:25:15:20:12:13, adding water, stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed material, and feeding the mixed material into a sterilization tank for sterilization treatment, wherein the particle size of the mixed material is 20-100 mm;
(3) inoculating a bacillus subtilis propagation solution and a lactobacillus acidophilus propagation solution which are 15 percent of the total mass of the mixed materials into the sterilized mixed materials, and performing primary mixed fermentation at 35 ℃ for 24 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis propagation solution to the lactobacillus acidophilus propagation solution is 1: 1;
(4) after the first mixed fermentation is finished, adding 12% by mass of the total mass of the mixed materials of the candida utilis expanding culture solution and the aspergillus niger expanding culture solution continuously for second mixed fermentation at 32 ℃, wherein the fermentation time is 36 hours, and wet materials are obtained, wherein the mass ratio of the candida utilis expanding culture solution to the aspergillus niger expanding culture solution is 1: 1.5;
(5) cooling the wet material to 25-30 ℃ in a low-temperature boiling fluidized bed by air, and crushing to 3-8mm to obtain the compound feed.
Comparative example 1
A method for producing compound feed by mixed strain fermentation comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively culturing and propagating bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus in a culture medium to obtain an expanding culture solution for later use;
(2) mixing beet waste silk, corn straw, cottonseed meal, wheat, corn and beet molasses according to the mass ratio of 30:20:20:10:17:20, adding water, stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed material, and feeding the mixed material into a sterilization tank for sterilization treatment, wherein the particle size of the mixed material is 20-100 mm;
(3) inoculating a bacillus subtilis propagation solution and a lactobacillus acidophilus propagation solution which are 13 percent of the total mass of the mixed materials into the sterilized mixed materials, and performing mixed fermentation at the temperature of 33 ℃ for 28 hours to obtain wet materials, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis propagation solution to the lactobacillus acidophilus propagation solution is 1: 1;
(4) cooling the wet material to 25-30 ℃ in a low-temperature boiling fluidized bed by air, and crushing to 3-8mm to obtain the compound feed.
Comparative example 2
A method for producing compound feed by fermenting mixed strains comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively culturing and propagating candida utilis and aspergillus niger in a culture medium to obtain an expanding culture solution for later use;
(2) mixing beet waste silk, corn straw, cottonseed meal, wheat, corn and beet molasses according to the mass ratio of 30:20:20:10:17:20, adding water, stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed material, and feeding the mixed material into a sterilization tank for sterilization treatment, wherein the particle size of the mixed material is 20-100 mm;
(3) inoculating a Candida utilis propagation solution and an Aspergillus niger propagation solution which account for 11 percent of the total mass of the mixed materials into the sterilized mixed materials, and performing mixed fermentation at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 40 hours to obtain wet materials, wherein the mass ratio of the Candida utilis propagation solution to the Aspergillus niger propagation solution is 1: 1;
(4) cooling the wet material to 25-30 ℃ in a low-temperature boiling fluidized bed by air, and crushing to 3-8mm to obtain the compound feed.
Comparative example 3
The method for producing the compound feed by fermenting the mixed strains provided by the comparative example 3 is basically the same as the example, and is only different in that the mixed material in the step (2) is not added with the beet waste silks;
the step (2) is specifically as follows: mixing corn straw, cottonseed meal, wheat, corn and beet molasses according to a mass ratio of 20:20:10:17:20, adding water, stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed material, and feeding the mixed material into a sterilization tank for sterilization treatment, wherein the particle size of the mixed material is 20-100 mm.
In examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, the culture medium inoculated with Bacillus subtilis was LB medium: NaCl10.0g, peptone 10.0g, and yeast extract 5.0 g; pH 7.0; the culture medium inoculated by the lactobacillus acidophilus is an MRS culture medium which is: 10.0g/L of peptone, 8.0g/L of beef extract, 4.0g/L of yeast extract, 20.0g/L of glucose, 801mL/L of tween, 2.0g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 5.0g/L of sodium acetate trihydrate, 2.0g/L of triammonium citrate, 0.2g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and 0.05g/L of manganese sulfate; the pH value is 6.2 plus or minus 0.2; the culture medium inoculated by the candida utilis is an YPD culture medium which is as follows: 5.0g/L yeast powder, 10.0g/L peptone, 20.0g/L glucose, 2.5g/L sodium propionate and pH 4.0 +/-0.1; the culture medium inoculated by the aspergillus niger is a PDA culture medium which is: 200g of potato, 20g of cane sugar and 20g of agar.
The viable count of the bacillus subtilis expanding culture solution is not less than 1.8 multiplied by 10 7 CFU/g, viable count of Lactobacillus acidophilus expanding culture solution is not less than 1.5 × 10 7 CFU/g, viable count of Candida utilis expanding culture solution is not less than 1.2 × 10 7 CFU/g, viable count of Aspergillus niger expanding culture solution is not less than 1.8 × 10 7 CFU/g。
Test example 1
The test detects the water content, ash content, crude protein, total acid, enzyme activity and the like of the compound feed prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, and the detection results are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1
| Water content/%) | Ash content% | Crude protein/%) | Total acid g/kg | Enzyme activity mu/g | |
| Example 1 | 8.53 | 3.26 | 16.4 | 98 | 589.46 |
| Example 2 | 9.29 | 4.02 | 15.3 | 100 | 577.69 |
| Example 3 | 9.98 | 3.84 | 19.9 | 95 | 579.34 |
| Comparative example 1 | 15.69 | 7.95 | 13.8 | 65 | 459.02 |
| Comparative example 2 | 16.73 | 8.07 | 14.2 | 68 | 442.58 |
| Comparative example 3 | 13.99 | 7.21 | 14.1 | 75 | 483.01 |
As can be seen from table 1, compared with the scheme of fermenting with bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus alone or fermenting with candida utilis and aspergillus niger alone, the compound feed prepared by using four strains for synergistic fermentation and fermenting twice has more excellent properties of water, ash content, crude protein, total acid, enzyme activity and the like; and the material content of the feed can be optimized to a certain extent by adding the waste beet silks.
Test example 2
In the test, 100 healthy lambs with the average initial weight of 12.0 +/-0.5 kg are selected and randomly and evenly divided into 5 groups, the groups are respectively fed with conventional feed, feed prepared in examples 1 to 3 and feed prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3, the test period is 35 days, the initial weight of the lambs and the weight of the lambs after the test period are recorded, and the daily gain, the daily feed intake, the survival rate and the diarrhea rate are calculated, and specific data and results are shown in a table 2:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the conventional commercial feed and the feeds prepared in comparative examples 1-3, the compound feed prepared by the invention has better palatability to lambs, higher feed-weight ratio, higher survival rate and effectively improved diarrhea rate, can effectively improve the intestinal problems of ruminants, and improves the immunity of organisms.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the scheme disclosed by the embodiment, the scheme corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing compound feed by fermenting mixed strains is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) respectively culturing and propagating bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus, candida utilis and aspergillus niger in a culture medium to obtain culture expanding liquid for later use;
(2) mixing beet waste silk, corn straw, cottonseed meal, wheat, corn and molasses, adding water, stirring uniformly, and feeding the obtained mixed material into a sterilization tank for sterilization treatment;
(3) inoculating a bacillus subtilis expanding culture solution and a lactobacillus acidophilus expanding culture solution into the sterilized mixed material to perform first mixed fermentation;
(4) after the first mixed fermentation is finished, adding the candida utilis expanding culture solution and the aspergillus niger expanding culture solution continuously, and performing second mixed fermentation to obtain wet materials;
(5) and drying and crushing the wet material at low temperature to obtain the compound feed.
2. The method for producing the compound feed by fermenting the mixed strains according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the beet waste silk, the corn straw, the cottonseed meal, the wheat, the corn and the molasses in the step (2) is (25-35): (15-25): (5-15): (15-20): (15-25).
3. The method for producing the compound feed by fermenting the mixed strains according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the grain size of the mixed material in the step (2) is 20-100 mm.
4. The method for producing the compound feed through the mixed strain fermentation according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the bacillus subtilis propagation liquid and the lactobacillus acidophilus propagation liquid in the step (3) is 12-15% of the total mass of the mixed material, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis propagation liquid to the lactobacillus acidophilus propagation liquid is 1 (1-2.5).
5. The method for producing compound feed by mixed strain fermentation according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the fermentation temperature of the first mixed fermentation in step (3) is 32-35 ℃ and the fermentation time is 24-30 h.
6. The method for producing the compound feed through the mixed strain fermentation according to claim 1, wherein the adding amount of the candida utilis expanding culture solution and the aspergillus niger expanding culture solution in the step (4) is 10-12% of the total mass of the mixed material, and the mass ratio of the candida utilis expanding culture solution to the aspergillus niger expanding culture solution is 1 (1-1.5).
7. The method for producing compound feed by mixed strain fermentation according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the fermentation temperature of the second mixed fermentation in the step (4) is 30-32 ℃, and the fermentation time is 36-45 h.
8. The method for producing compound feed through mixed strain fermentation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low-temperature drying in the step (5) is cooling to 25-30 ℃ by air in a low-temperature boiling fluidized bed.
9. The method for producing composite feed through mixed strain fermentation according to claim 1, wherein the viable count of the bacillus subtilis expanding culture solution, the lactobacillus acidophilus expanding culture solution, the candida utilis expanding culture solution and the aspergillus niger expanding culture solution is not less than 1.2 x 10 7 -1.8×10 7 CFU/g。
10. A mixed strain fermented compound feed prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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