CN114941047A - Rotary hearth furnace - Google Patents
Rotary hearth furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN114941047A CN114941047A CN202210466714.6A CN202210466714A CN114941047A CN 114941047 A CN114941047 A CN 114941047A CN 202210466714 A CN202210466714 A CN 202210466714A CN 114941047 A CN114941047 A CN 114941047A
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- hydrogen
- rich gas
- rotary hearth
- hearth furnace
- furnace
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 83
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/10—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in hearth-type furnaces
- C21B13/105—Rotary hearth-type furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rotary hearth furnace, belongs to the technical field of direct reduction of rotary hearth furnaces, and solves the problems of high carbon emission amount, low product metallization rate and no recovery of high-temperature sensible heat of metallized pellets in the direct reduction of the rotary hearth furnace. The rotary hearth furnace comprises a reduction section, a first cooling section and a discharge end which are communicated in sequence; the online cooling device is arranged above the first cooling section and comprises a hydrogen-rich gas generating unit and a hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit which are connected; the hydrogen-rich gas generating unit is used for providing hydrogen-rich gas; the hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit comprises a conveying pipeline, and the conveying pipeline is arranged at the top of the rotary hearth furnace and is communicated with the first cooling section of the rotary hearth furnace; the hydrogen-rich gas is generated by the hydrogen-rich gas generating unit and then is conveyed to the first cooling section by the hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit, and the metallized pellets are cooled and deeply reduced by the hydrogen-rich gas in the first cooling section. The invention can reduce the reduction energy consumption of the rotary hearth furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a direct reduction iron-making device of a rotary hearth furnace, in particular to a rotary hearth furnace.
Background
The direct reduction process of rotary hearth furnace is one new non-coking coal ironmaking technology, and is used mainly in treating zinc containing dust and special iron ore resource.
The direct reduction process of rotary hearth furnace is one new non-coking coal ironmaking technology, and is used mainly in treating zinc containing dust and special iron ore resource. In the last 50 th century, the Ross corporation, Midrex, USA, invented a rotary hearth furnace direct reduction method for carbon-containing pellets, named Fastmet technology, and performed 2t/h small-scale thermal consolidation experiments. In 1974, international nickel group (Inmetco) in canada started to study the process of treating stainless steel oxide dust waste in a rotary hearth furnace, directly charging the pre-reduced metallized pellets in the rotary hearth furnace into an electric furnace for smelting, and obtaining the process named as Inmetco. At the end of the last century, Japan Kobe Steel works and Midrex corporation of America have collaboratively developed a new process for direct reduction of iron in a rotary hearth furnace, so that metallized pellets are reduced and melted in the rotary hearth furnace to generate iron blocks, and slag and iron are separated at the same time, so that the process is named as a third-generation iron-making method (Itmk 3). The Itmk3 process has been commercially tested and is commercially viable. The rotary hearth furnace process has succeeded in treating zinc-containing dust of iron and steel enterprises, and is gradually popularized and applied to extraction of special iron ore resources.
In recent years, the rotary hearth furnace technology is rapidly developed in China, and a plurality of rotary hearth furnace direct reduction production lines are built in China one after another. From the practical operation of the domestic rotary hearth furnace, the solid dust produced in the process of smelting steel by the rotary hearth furnace has the characteristics of high resource utilization efficiency and high lead and zinc removal rate. Although the rotary hearth furnace technology has achieved great success in China and is gradually popularized and used for smelting some special iron ore resources, the rotary hearth furnace technology also has the problems of low product metallization rate, high smelting energy consumption and no recovery of sensible heat of metallized pellets.
With the implementation of the policy of 'carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization' in China, the reduction of the direct reduction carbon consumption of the rotary hearth furnace becomes the key point of the development of the rotary hearth furnace in the future. The first cooling section of the traditional rotary hearth furnace adopts water-cooled furnace top cooling, the cooling speed is low, and the cooled heat is not recovered.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide an on-line cooling method for metallized pellets in a rotary hearth furnace, which solves the technical problems of low metallization rate, high carbon emission and no recovery of high-temperature sensible heat of metallized pellets in the direct reduction product of the traditional rotary hearth furnace.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a rotary hearth furnace, which comprises an online cooling device, wherein the online cooling device is arranged on the top of the rotary hearth furnace; the rotary hearth furnace comprises a reduction section, a first cooling section and a discharge end which are sequentially communicated;
the online cooling device comprises a hydrogen-rich gas generating unit and a hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit which are connected with each other; the hydrogen-rich gas generating unit is used for providing hydrogen-rich gas;
the hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit comprises a conveying pipeline, and the conveying pipeline is arranged at the top of the rotary hearth furnace and is communicated with the first cooling section of the rotary hearth furnace;
the hydrogen-rich gas is generated by the hydrogen-rich gas generating unit and then is conveyed to the first cooling section by the hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit, and the metallized pellets are cooled and deeply reduced by the hydrogen-rich gas in the first cooling section.
In one possible design, the top of the reduction section is provided with a reduction section furnace top wall; the top of the first cooling section is provided with a cooling section furnace top wall, and the top of the discharge end is provided with a discharge end furnace top wall; the distances from the reduction section furnace top wall, the cooling section furnace top wall and the discharge end furnace top wall to the bottom of the rotary hearth furnace are reduced in sequence.
In one possible design, a three-way head is arranged on the conveying pipeline, a first end of the three-way head is communicated with the hydrogen-rich gas generating unit, a second end of the three-way head is connected with a first main pipe, and a third end of the three-way head is connected with a second main pipe; the first main pipe and the second main pipe are vertically arranged;
the first main pipe is provided with a plurality of first conveying branch pipes which are arranged in parallel and are vertical to the first main pipe; the second main pipe is provided with a plurality of second conveying branch pipes which are arranged in parallel and are vertical to the second main pipe, and the first conveying branch pipes are arranged below the second conveying branch pipes and are arranged in a staggered manner;
a plurality of first nozzles are arranged on the first conveying branch pipe; and the second conveying branch pipe is provided with a second nozzle, and the first nozzle and the second nozzle penetrate through the top wall of the cooling section furnace.
In one possible design, the second nozzles are positioned at the gap between two adjacent first conveying branch pipes and are distributed at equal intervals with the two adjacent first nozzles on the first conveying branch pipes;
the first nozzle and the second nozzle can spray hydrogen-rich gas into the surface of the metallized pellets of the first cooling section.
In one possible design, the first nozzle and the second nozzle are both hollow tubular nozzles, a hemispherical spray head is arranged at one end of each hollow tubular nozzle, which is far away from the corresponding conveying branch pipe, a first spray hole and a second spray hole are arranged on the hemispherical spray head in an annular mode, the second spray hole is located at the top end of the hemispherical spray head, and the diameter of the first spray hole is 1.0-1.5 times that of the second spray hole.
In one possible design, the hydrogen rich gas generation device includes a hydrogen rich gas tank, a pressurizer, a first hydrogen rich gas flow meter, and a first flow regulating valve;
the hydrogen-rich gas tank is connected with the conveying pipeline, and the pressurizer, the first hydrogen-rich gas flowmeter and the first flow regulating valve are sequentially arranged on the conveying pipeline.
In one possible design, the distance between the top wall and the bottom of the furnace at the discharge end is 5-20 cm.
In one possible design, the distance between the top wall and the bottom of the reduction section is 10-200 cm.
In one possible design, the distance between the top wall and the bottom of the cooling section furnace is 5-50 cm.
In one possible design, a screw discharger is provided at the discharge end of the rotary hearth furnace for discharging the cooled metallized pellets out of the rotary hearth furnace.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the rotary hearth furnace provided by the invention, the water-cooled furnace wall of the first cooling section of the traditional rotary hearth furnace is changed into a hydrogen-rich gas which is directly sprayed to the surface of the metallized pellet, the temperature from the metallized pellet to the first cooling section is 1100-1350 ℃, the hydrogen-rich gas is sprayed to the surface of the metallized pellet, the metallized pellet can be further reduced, the reduction rate of the metallized pellet is improved, the pellet metallization rate can be improved to more than 90%, and the product quality after direct reduction of the rotary hearth furnace is improved.
(2) According to the rotary hearth furnace provided by the invention, hydrogen-rich gas is directly sprayed to the surface of the metallized pellet, so that the metallized pellet can be deeply reduced, the temperature of the metallized pellet can be reduced, the temperature of the metallized pellet is reduced from 1100-1350 ℃ to 700-1000 ℃, the discharging temperature of the pellet is reduced, and the service life of the spiral discharger is prolonged.
(3) According to the rotary hearth furnace provided by the invention, the hydrogen-rich gas is directly injected to the surface of the metallized pellets by using the hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit, the temperature of the hydrogen-rich gas is increased while the temperature of the metallized pellets is reduced, the sensible heat of the high-temperature metallized pellets is recovered, the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas enters the reduction section of the rotary hearth furnace and is combusted to provide heat for the reduction of the carbon-containing pellets, the direct reduction energy consumption of the rotary hearth furnace is reduced, the carbon emission of the rotary hearth furnace is reduced, and the efficient reduction of the pellets and the efficient utilization of the hydrogen-rich gas are realized.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rotary hearth furnace 1;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a rotary hearth furnace hydrogen-rich reduction process;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the connection between the hydrogen-rich gas injection main pipe and the branch pipes;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a first nozzle provided in the first branch pipe;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the rotary hearth furnace;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the rotary hearth furnace.
Reference numerals are as follows:
1-bottom of rotary hearth furnace; 2-metallized pellets; 3-reduction section furnace top wall; 4-cooling the top wall of the section furnace; 5-furnace top wall of discharge end; 6-a first manifold; 7-a second manifold; 8-a first delivery leg; 9-a second delivery leg; 10-a first nozzle; 11-a second nozzle; 12-a delivery conduit; 13-a first flow regulating valve; 14-a first hydrogen rich gas flow meter; 15-a hydrogen rich gas pressurizer; 16-a first nozzle hole; 17-a second nozzle hole; 18-a third manifold; 19-a second flow regulating valve; 20-a second hydrogen rich gas flow meter; 21-a third delivery leg; 22-a second cooling section; 23-a first cooling stage; 24-a spiral discharger; 25-a cooling section; 26-a reduction section; 27-a pre-reduction stage; 28-feed inlet; 29 three-way head.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit its scope.
The invention provides a rotary hearth furnace.A online cooling device is arranged on the rotary hearth furnace; the rotary hearth furnace comprises a feeding section (comprising a feeding hole 28), a reduction section 26, a cooling section 25 (comprising a first cooling section 23) and a discharging end which are sequentially communicated; the online cooling device comprises a hydrogen-rich gas generating unit and a hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit which are connected; the hydrogen-rich gas generating unit is used for providing hydrogen-rich gas; the hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit comprises a conveying pipeline 12, and the conveying pipeline 12 is arranged at the top of the rotary hearth furnace and is communicated with a first cooling section 23 of the rotary hearth furnace; after being generated by the hydrogen-rich gas generating unit, the hydrogen-rich gas is conveyed to the first cooling section 23 through the hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit, and the metallized pellets are cooled and deeply reduced by the hydrogen-rich gas in the first cooling section 23.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the on-line cooling device is arranged on the top of the rotary hearth furnace, and along the rotation direction of the bottom 1 of the rotary hearth furnace, the rotary hearth furnace comprises a feeding end, a reduction section 26 (a reduction section 27 is arranged before pre-reduction, the pre-reduction section 27 is arranged conventionally, which is described in this application), a first cooling section 23 and a discharging end which are communicated in sequence, the metallized pellets 2 enter the reduction section of the rotary hearth furnace through a feeder arranged at the feeding end, and the metallized pellets are formed after reduction at the reduction section and enter the first cooling section 23; the hydrogen-rich gas generated by the hydrogen-rich gas unit is conveyed to the first cooling section 23 through the hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit and sprayed to the surface of the metallized pellet from the top of the first cooling section 23, after the hydrogen-rich gas exchanges heat with the metallized pellet, the temperature of the hydrogen-rich gas rises, the temperature of the metallized pellet is reduced, cooling is achieved, the metallized pellet 2 which is fully cooled by the hydrogen-rich gas is discharged out of the rotary hearth furnace through the discharge end, and online reduction and cooling of the metallized pellet 2 are achieved.
The cooling section of the traditional rotary hearth furnace adopts a water-cooled furnace top for cooling, the cooling speed is low, and the cooled heat is not recovered; compared with the prior art, the invention provides the method that hydrogen-rich gas is directly sprayed to the surface of the metallized pellet at the reduction section of the rotary hearth furnace, and on one hand, H in the hydrogen-rich gas is utilized 2 The high-temperature metallized pellet is quickly reduced, so that the metallization rate of the metallized pellet is further improved; on the other hand, the hydrogen-rich gas is used for cooling the metallized pellets, and the cooled high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas provides heat for the reduction of the metallized pellets 2 in a reduction section in a combustion mode, so that the direct reduction energy consumption of the rotary hearth furnace is reduced.
In order to ensure that hydrogen-rich gas after heat exchange with metallized pellets can enter a reduction section, the top of the reduction section is provided with a reduction section furnace top wall 3; the top of the first cooling section 23 is provided with a cooling section furnace top wall 4, and the top of the discharge end is provided with a discharge end furnace top wall 5; the distances from the reduction section furnace top wall 3, the cooling section furnace top wall 4 and the discharge end furnace top wall 5 to the bottom 1 of the rotary hearth furnace are reduced in sequence.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the height from the top wall 3 of the reduction section to the furnace bottom is greater than the height from the top wall 4 of the cooling section to the furnace bottom, and the height from the top wall 4 of the cooling section to the furnace bottom is greater than the height from the top wall 5 of the discharge end to the furnace bottom, so as to ensure that all hydrogen-rich gas after heat exchange with metallized pellets enters the reduction section, and thus the hydrogen-rich gas is prevented from entering the discharge end; in addition, it should be noted that a flue is arranged on the top wall of the feeding section, a negative pressure fan is arranged outside the flue, the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure fan can pump out the flue gas (formed after the hydrogen-rich gas is further reduced and combusted) in the rotary hearth furnace, and meanwhile, the flow direction of the hydrogen-rich gas is ensured to be from the first cooling section 23 to the reduction section, so that the hydrogen-rich gas is prevented from entering the discharge end.
It should be noted that the rotary hearth furnace of the present invention includes a flue gas treatment unit, the flue gas treatment unit is connected to the negative pressure fan, and the flue gas sucked by the negative pressure fan enters the flue gas treatment unit. The flue gas treatment unit comprises a primary dust remover, a heat exchanger, a bag-type dust remover, a desulfurization tower, a denitration tower, an induced draft fan and a chimney; the flue gas treatment unit can recover and treat sensible heat in the flue gas, volatilized valuable metals and oxides thereof and dust.
In order to ensure that the hydrogen-rich gas blown to the surface of the metallized pellet is more uniform, the conveying pipeline 12 is provided with a tee joint 29, the first end of the tee joint 29 is communicated with the hydrogen-rich gas generating unit, the second end of the tee joint 29 is connected with a first main pipe 6, and the third end of the tee joint 29 is connected with a second main pipe 7; the first header pipe 6 is arranged perpendicular to the second header pipe 7; a plurality of first conveying branch pipes 8 which are arranged in parallel and are perpendicular to the first main pipe 6 are arranged on the first main pipe 6; the second header pipe 7 is provided with a plurality of second conveying branch pipes 9 which are arranged in parallel and are vertical to the second header pipe 7, the first conveying branch pipes 8 are arranged below the second conveying branch pipes 9 and are arranged in a staggered manner; a plurality of first nozzles 10 are arranged on the first conveying branch pipe 8; and the second conveying branch pipe 9 is provided with a second nozzle 11, and the first nozzle 10 and the second nozzle 11 both penetrate through the cooling section furnace top wall 4.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, a plurality of first conveying branch pipes 8 arranged in parallel are arranged on the first main pipe 6, the first conveying branch pipes 8 are arranged at equal intervals, one end of each first conveying branch pipe 8 is communicated with the first main pipe 6, and all the first conveying branch pipes 8 are arranged perpendicular to the first main pipe 6; in addition, when explanation is needed, because the first conveying branch pipes 8 are located below the second conveying branch pipes 9, a transfer pipe is arranged between the three-way head and the second header pipe 7, one end of the transfer pipe is connected with the third end of the three-way head, the other end of the transfer pipe is connected with the second header pipe 7, the transfer pipe is arranged in the vertical direction, and the purpose of arranging the transfer pipe is to ensure that the second header pipe 7 is located above the first header pipe 6 in the spatial position, so that the second conveying branch pipes 9 arranged on the second header pipe 7 at equal intervals are located above the first conveying branch pipes 8, and the first conveying branch pipes 8 and the second conveying branch pipes 9 are arranged in a staggered manner; because the first conveying branch pipe 8 is provided with the plurality of first nozzles 10, the second conveying branch pipe 9 is provided with the second nozzles 11, and the first nozzles 10 and the second nozzles 11 penetrate through the cooling section furnace top wall 4, the first nozzles 10 and the second nozzles 11 are ensured to uniformly blow the hydrogen-rich gas to the surfaces of the metallized pellets.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can uniformly blow hydrogen-rich gas to the surface of the metallized pellets by arranging the first main pipe 6 and the second main pipe 7 vertically, arranging the plurality of first nozzles 10 on the first conveying branch pipe 8 and arranging the second nozzles 11 on the second conveying branch pipe 9, thereby realizing the rapid on-line cooling of the metallized pellets.
In order to further ensure that the hydrogen-rich gas is uniformly sprayed into the rotary hearth furnace and is fully contacted with the metallized pellets for heat exchange, the second nozzles 11 are positioned at the gap between two adjacent first conveying branch pipes 8 and are distributed at equal intervals with two adjacent first nozzles 10 on the first conveying branch pipes 8; the first nozzle 10 and the second nozzle 11 can spray hydrogen-rich gas into the surface of the metallized pellet 2 of the first cooling section 23, the metallized pellet is further reduced by the hydrogen-rich gas while the metallized pellet is cooled, the hydrogen-rich gas after the metallized pellet is cooled enters the reduction section, and heat is provided for the reduction of the metallized pellet 2 by the combustion of the hydrogen-rich gas in the reduction section.
In order to further increase the uniformity of hydrogen-rich gas injection, the first nozzle 10 and the second nozzle 11 have the same structure and are both hollow tubular nozzles, one end of each hollow tubular nozzle, which is far away from the corresponding conveying branch pipe, is provided with a hemispherical spray head, the hemispherical spray head is provided with a first spray hole 16 which is annularly arranged and a second spray hole 17 which is positioned at the top end of the hemispherical spray head, and the diameter of the first spray hole 16 is 1.0-1.5 times that of the second spray hole 17.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 4, the hydrogen rich gas of the present invention enters the corresponding hemispherical head through the first delivery branch pipe 8 or the second delivery branch pipe 9, and since the gas pressure at the top end of the hemispherical head is higher than the gas pressure at other positions of the hemispherical head, the diameter of the first spray holes 16 is set to be 1.0 to 1.5 times the diameter of the second spray holes 17 in order to uniformly spray the hydrogen rich gas.
The hydrogen rich gas generation device of the present invention includes a hydrogen rich gas tank, a hydrogen rich gas pressurizer 15, a first hydrogen rich gas flow meter 14, and a first flow rate adjustment valve 13; the hydrogen rich gas tank is connected to the transfer line 12, and the hydrogen rich gas pressurizer 15, the first hydrogen rich gas flowmeter 14, and the first flow rate regulating valve 13 are provided in this order on the transfer line 12.
The metallized pellets cooled by the on-line cooling device of the present invention are discharged from the rotary hearth furnace through the screw discharger 24 provided at the discharge end of the rotary hearth furnace.
Compared with the prior art, the online cooling device is utilized to directly blow hydrogen-rich gas to the surface of the metallized pellet, so that the metallized pellet can be deeply reduced, the temperature of the metallized pellet can be reduced, the temperature of the metallized pellet is reduced from 1100-plus-one 1350 ℃ to 700-plus-one 1000 ℃, the discharging temperature of the pellet is reduced, and the service life of the spiral discharger 24 is prolonged.
It should be noted that, in the application, the distance between the reduction section furnace top wall 3 and the furnace bottom is 10-200cm, and the distance is greater than the distance between the cooling section furnace top wall 4 and the furnace bottom. The distance between the furnace top wall 3 and the furnace bottom of the reduction section is controlled within the range of 10-200cm, so that hydrogen-rich gas after heat exchange with the metallized pellets can enter the reduction section.
It should be noted that the distance between the furnace top wall 4 and the furnace bottom of the cooling section is 5-50 cm. The spreading height of the metallized pellets 2 is 3-5cm, and the distance between the furnace top wall 4 and the furnace bottom of the cooling section is controlled within the range of 5-50cm, so that hydrogen-rich gas sprayed by the first nozzle 10 and the second nozzle 11 can be directly sprayed to the surfaces of the metallized pellets, and further, sufficient cooling is realized.
It should be noted that the distance between the top wall and the bottom of the furnace at the discharge end is 5-20 cm. The distance between the furnace top wall 5 and the furnace bottom at the discharge end is controlled within the range of 5-20cm, so that hydrogen-rich reducing gas after heat exchange with the metallized pellets can be prevented from entering the discharge end.
After the rotary hearth furnace feeding, in order to pave the mixture (including metallized pellet 2 and carbon element), be equipped with at the feed section of rotary hearth furnace and scrape the flitch, should scrape the both ends of flitch and fix respectively on the inside wall and the lateral wall of rotary hearth furnace, should scrape the flitch and can scrape the mixture that gets into the rotary hearth furnace and level.
It should be noted that annular retaining walls are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the rotary hearth furnace, and the height of the annular retaining walls is equal to the laying height of the metallized pellets 2 on the bottom of the rotary hearth furnace. The inner annular retaining wall, the outer annular retaining wall and the area formed by the bottom of the rotary hearth furnace are material placing areas, the inner annular retaining wall and the outer annular retaining wall are used for preventing materials from being discharged outwards, and meanwhile the charging quantity of the materials on the bottom plate of the rotary hearth furnace can be improved.
In order to provide the treatment capacity of the mixed materials and further improve the yield of the metallized pellets of the rotary hearth furnace, a second cooling section 22 is arranged between the reduction section and the first cooling section 23; all be equipped with a plurality of parallel arrangement's third branch delivery pipe 21 on the inboard furnace wall of second cooling zone 22 and the outside furnace wall, the first end of this third branch delivery pipe 21 is through third house steward 18 and hydrogen-rich gas's pipeline 12 intercommunication, its second end then extends to the lower floor on the mixed material layer in the rotary hearth furnace, the second of branch delivery pipe 21 is served and is equipped with 90 adapters at the third, spout the middle part position on the lower floor of mixed material with hydrogen-rich gas with higher speed through this 90 adapters, thereby the realization carries out degree of depth reduction and abundant cooling to the lower floor material of mixed material.
In order to fully and deeply reduce and simultaneously cool the metal pellets in the lower layer in the mixture layer, the third main pipe 18 is provided with a second flow regulating valve 19 and a second hydrogen-rich gas flow meter 20, the flow rate of the hydrogen-rich gas in the third conveying branch pipe 21 is controlled to be 25-50m/s through the second flow regulating valve 19 and the second hydrogen-rich gas flow meter 20, and the hydrogen-rich gas has high flow rate so as to deeply reduce and fully cool all materials (including the edge part and the central part) in the lower layer.
It should be noted that a plurality of combustion nozzles are arranged on the inner furnace wall and the outer furnace wall of the reduction section, oxygen is injected into the rotary hearth furnace through the combustion nozzles, and necessary conditions are further provided for combustion of carbon in the mixture layer, the mixture is heated to a temperature required by direct reduction reaction through heat released by combustion of carbon and unreacted hydrogen in the hydrogen-rich gas injected from the first cooling section 23 and the second cooling section 22, and related valuable metal oxides in the mixture layer and carbon are subjected to direct reduction reaction and are effectively recycled.
The invention also provides an online cooling method of the metallized pellets of the rotary hearth furnace, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, conveying the hydrogen-rich gas generated by the hydrogen-rich gas generation unit to a second cooling section 22 of the rotary hearth furnace through a third main pipe 18 and a third conveying branch pipe 21 of the hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit, simultaneously conveying metallized pellets reduced by a reduction section into the second cooling section 22, and spraying the hydrogen-rich gas sprayed by the third conveying branch pipe 21 into the pellets through the bottom layer of a plurality of layers of metallized pellets to realize the first deep reduction and cooling of the metallized pellets;
step 2, the hydrogen-rich gas after heat exchange enters a reduction section, the metallized pellets after the first deep reduction and cooling rotate along with the rotary hearth furnace and enter a first cooling section 23, and at the moment, the hydrogen-rich gas is sprayed onto the surfaces of the metallized pellets through a first nozzle 10 and a second nozzle 11 and is subjected to second cooling and deep reduction together with the hydrogen-rich gas; the metallized pellets are discharged out of the rotary hearth furnace through a discharge end after being cooled twice and deeply reduced; and the hydrogen-rich gas after heat exchange with the metallized pellets enters a reduction section and is ignited by a combustion nozzle to burn to provide heat for the metallized pellets 2.
The cooling section of the traditional rotary hearth furnace adopts a water-cooled furnace top for cooling, the cooling speed is low, and the cooled heat is not recovered. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the hydrogen-rich gas can be sprayed to the surface of the metallized pellet in the furnace through the hydrogen-rich gas generating unit and the hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit, the metallized pellet can be deeply reduced while the metallized pellet is cooled, so that the metallization rate of the metallized pellet is improved, the hydrogen-rich gas after heat exchange is combusted in the reduction section, the energy is improved for the reduction process of the metallized pellet 2, and the purpose of reducing the energy consumption of the rotary hearth furnace is finally realized.
In the step 1, the amount of hydrogen-rich gas injected into the rotary hearth furnace is 50 to 1000m 3 The/t metallized pellet. The purpose of controlling the amount of hydrogen-rich gas injected within this range is: the temperature of the metallized pellets is reduced from 1100-1350 ℃ to 700-1000 ℃, and in addition, the hydrogen-rich gas can deeply reduce the metallized pellets, so that the reduction rate of the metallized pellets is improved, the reduction rate of the metallized pellets is improved to more than 95%, and the product quality after direct reduction of a rotary hearth furnace is improved. In addition, the discharging temperature of the metallized pellets is reduced, so that the service life of the spiral discharger 24 can be prolonged.
In step 1, the hydrogen-rich gas comprises CO and H 2 And CH 4 、CO 2 And H 2 O, wherein, CO 2 And H 2 The sum of the volume fractions of O is less than 5%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the method that CO is introduced into the reactor 2 And H 2 The volume fraction of O is controlled within the range, on one hand, the metallized pellets can be deeply reduced, on the other hand, the hydrogen-rich gas after heat exchange enters a reduction section, if CO is generated 2 And H 2 The sum of the volume fractions of O is greater than 5%, these gases affecting the reduction process on the metallized pellets 2.
In step 1 and step 2, the injection rate of the hydrogen-rich gas in the third transfer branch pipe 21 is higher than the injection rates of the hydrogen-rich gas in the first transfer branch pipe 8 and the second transfer branch pipe 9.
Compared with the prior art, the hydrogen-rich gas is simultaneously introduced into the first cooling section 23 and the second cooling section 22, the blowing speed of the hydrogen-rich gas in the first cooling section 23 is low, the contact time of the hydrogen-rich gas and the metallized pellets is long, and sufficient cooling and deep reduction are fully realized. In addition, the hydrogen-rich gas in the second cooling section 22 can be sprayed to the central position of the lower layer pellet of the metallized pellet through the right-angle adapter, so that the cooling and deep reduction of the lower layer metallized pellet are ensured.
In step 1 and step 2, the flow rates of the hydrogen-rich gas in the first delivery branch pipe 8 and the second delivery branch pipe 9 are both 1-5m/s by controlling the first flow regulating valve 13.
Compared with the prior art, the flow velocity of the hydrogen-rich gas in the first conveying branch pipe 8 and the second conveying branch pipe 9 is controlled to be 1-5m/s, so that the contact time of the hydrogen-rich gas and the metal pellets can be prolonged, the cooling effect of the high-temperature metallized pellets is improved, the sensible heat of the metallized pellets is recovered, and the gas consumption and carbon emission of the rotary hearth furnace are reduced.
In step 2, the third header pipe 18 is provided with a second flow rate regulating valve 19 and a second hydrogen rich gas flow meter, and the flow rate of the hydrogen rich gas in the third delivery branch pipe 21 is controlled to be 25 to 50m/s by controlling the second flow rate regulating valve 19.
Compared with the prior art, the flow velocity of the hydrogen-rich gas in the third conveying branch pipe 21 is controlled to be 25-50m/s, so that the sprayed hydrogen-rich gas can reach the middle position of the lower layer pellets of the metallized pellets, and the deep reduction process and the cooling process of the lower layer pellets are promoted.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a rotary hearth furnace, which comprises an online cooling device for metallized pellets, wherein the online cooling device comprises a pressurizer, a first hydrogen-rich gas flowmeter 14, a first flow regulating valve 13, a conveying main pipe, conveying branch pipes, branch pipe nozzles, a cooling section furnace top wall 4, a reduction section furnace top wall 3 and a discharge end furnace top wall; the first conveying branch pipes 8 and the second conveying branch pipes 9 are uniformly and alternately distributed on the furnace top wall 4 of the cooling section of the rotary hearth furnace, and a plurality of nozzles are distributed on each branch pipe, so that hydrogen-rich gas can be uniformly sprayed to the surface of metallized pellets at the bottom of the furnace, and the metallized pellets are deeply reduced and cooled. The distances from the cooling section furnace top wall 4, the reduction section furnace top wall 3 and the discharge end furnace top wall to the rotary hearth furnace bottom 1 are different, the distance from the discharge end furnace top wall to the rotary hearth furnace bottom is small, the distance from the reduction section furnace top wall 3 to the rotary hearth furnace bottom is large, the resistance of the reduction section and the first cooling section is small, and hydrogen-rich gas can enter the reduction section from the first cooling section to provide heat for the reduction section.
The online cooling device for the metallized pellet of the rotary hearth furnace can evenly blow hydrogen-rich gas to the surface of the high-temperature metallized pellet, the metallized pellet can be cooled while the metallized pellet is deeply reduced by the hydrogen-rich gas, and the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas after the metallized pellet is cooled enters the reduction section to be combusted to provide heat, so that the direct reduction energy consumption of the rotary hearth furnace is reduced. Pressurizing the hydrogen-rich gas to 2kPa by a pressurizer, and feeding the hydrogen-rich gas into a conveying pipeline 12 of the hydrogen-rich gas through a flowmeter and a first flow regulating valve 13, wherein the injection amount of the hydrogen-rich gas is 50m 3 And the hydrogen-rich gas enters the first main pipe 6 and the second main pipe 7 along the conveying pipeline 12 respectively, then enters the first conveying branch pipe 8 and the second conveying branch pipe 9, and is finally sprayed into the surface of the metallized pellet 2 of the first cooling section of the rotary hearth furnace through the first nozzle 10 on the first conveying branch pipe 8 and the second nozzle 11 on the second conveying branch pipe 9, so that the deep reduction and cooling of the high-temperature metallized pellet are realized. The distance between the furnace top wall 5 of the discharge end and the furnace bottom is 5cm, the distance between the furnace top wall 4 of the cooling section and the furnace bottom is 10cm, and the distance between the furnace top wall 3 of the reduction section and the furnace bottom is 200 cm. After the metallized pellets are reduced and cooled in the first cooling section by the hydrogen-rich gas, the hydrogen-rich gas enters the reduction section when the temperature reaches 800 ℃, and the hydrogen-rich gas is combusted in the reduction section to provide heat for the direct reduction of the carbon-containing pellets, so that the direct reduction energy consumption of the rotary hearth furnace is reduced. In the embodiment, the reduction degree of the metallized pellets is improved through hydrogen-rich reduction, and the metallization rate of the metallized pellets is more than 95%; the cooling effect of the high-temperature metallized pellet is improved, the sensible heat of the metallized pellet is recovered, the temperature of the metallized pellet is reduced to 700-1000 ℃ from 1100-1350 ℃, the temperature of the hydrogen-rich gas after heat exchange is increased, the hydrogen-rich gas can be combusted to release heat after entering the reduction section, the energy is improved for the reduction of the metallized pellet, and the gas consumption and the carbon emission of the rotary hearth furnace are further reduced.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The rotary hearth furnace is characterized by comprising an online cooling device for metallized pellets, wherein the online cooling device is arranged on the rotary hearth furnace; the rotary hearth furnace comprises a reduction section, a first cooling section and a discharge end which are sequentially communicated;
the online cooling device comprises a hydrogen-rich gas generation unit and a hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit which are connected with each other; the hydrogen-rich gas generation unit is used for providing hydrogen-rich gas;
the hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit comprises a conveying pipeline, and the conveying pipeline is arranged at the top of the rotary hearth furnace and is communicated with the first cooling section of the rotary hearth furnace;
and after being generated by the hydrogen-rich gas generating unit, the hydrogen-rich gas enters the hydrogen-rich gas conveying unit and is conveyed to the first cooling section, and the hydrogen-rich gas cools and deeply reduces the metallized pellets in the first cooling section.
2. The rotary hearth furnace according to claim 1, wherein a reduction zone top wall is provided at the reduction zone top; the top of the first cooling section is provided with a cooling section furnace top wall, and the top of the discharge end is provided with a discharge end furnace top wall; the distances from the reduction section furnace top wall, the cooling section furnace top wall and the discharge end furnace top wall to the bottom of the rotary hearth furnace are sequentially reduced.
3. The rotary hearth furnace according to claim 2, wherein a three-way head is arranged on the conveying pipeline, a first end of the three-way head is communicated with the hydrogen-rich gas generating unit, a second end of the three-way head is connected with a first main pipe, and a third end of the three-way head is connected with a second main pipe; the first main pipe and the second main pipe are vertically arranged;
a plurality of first conveying branch pipes which are arranged in parallel and are perpendicular to the first main pipe are arranged on the first main pipe; the second main pipe is provided with a plurality of second conveying branch pipes which are arranged in parallel and are vertical to the second main pipe, the first conveying branch pipes are arranged below the second conveying branch pipes, and the first conveying branch pipes and the second conveying branch pipes are arranged in a staggered mode;
a plurality of first nozzles are arranged on the first conveying branch pipe; and the second conveying branch pipe is provided with a second nozzle, and the first nozzle and the second nozzle penetrate through the top wall of the cooling section furnace.
4. The rotary hearth furnace according to claim 3, wherein the second nozzles are located at the gap between two adjacent first conveying branch pipes and are distributed at equal intervals with the adjacent two first nozzles on the first conveying branch pipes;
the first nozzle and the second nozzle can spray hydrogen-rich gas into the surface of the metallized pellet of the first cooling section.
5. The rotary hearth furnace according to claim 4, wherein the first nozzle and the second nozzle are hollow tubular nozzles, a hemispherical nozzle is provided at an end of the hollow tubular nozzle away from the corresponding delivery branch pipe, the hemispherical nozzle is provided with a first nozzle hole arranged annularly and a second nozzle hole located at a top end of the hemispherical nozzle, and a diameter of the first nozzle hole is 1.0-1.5 times a diameter of the second nozzle hole.
6. The rotary hearth furnace according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the hydrogen rich gas generating means includes a hydrogen rich gas tank, a pressurizer, a first hydrogen rich gas flow meter, and a first flow regulating valve;
the hydrogen-rich gas tank is connected with the conveying pipeline, and the pressurizer, the first hydrogen-rich gas flowmeter and the first flow regulating valve are sequentially arranged on the conveying pipeline.
7. The rotary hearth furnace according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the discharge end furnace top wall and the furnace bottom is 5 to 20 cm.
8. The rotary hearth furnace according to claim 7, wherein the distance between the top wall and the bottom of the reduction zone is 10 to 200 cm.
9. The rotary hearth furnace according to claim 8, wherein the distance between the top wall and the bottom of the cooling zone is 5 to 50 cm.
10. A rotary hearth furnace according to claims 2 to 9, characterized in that a screw discharger is provided at the discharge end of the rotary hearth furnace for discharging the cooled metallized pellets out of the rotary hearth furnace.
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| US4268303A (en) * | 1978-04-10 | 1981-05-19 | Kobe Steel, Limited | Direct reduction process for producing reduced iron |
| CN106403595A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-02-15 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | Oxidation-reduction roasting integrated rotary hearth furnace |
| CN111926135A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-11-13 | 钢研晟华科技股份有限公司 | Hydrogen-based shaft furnace direct reduction system and reduction method |
| CN112159880A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-01 | 华北理工大学 | Method and device for making iron by hydrogen |
| CN215750254U (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-02-08 | 湖北塑通科技有限公司 | Cooling device for plastic product forming die |
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2022
- 2022-04-29 CN CN202210466714.6A patent/CN114941047B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4268303A (en) * | 1978-04-10 | 1981-05-19 | Kobe Steel, Limited | Direct reduction process for producing reduced iron |
| CN106403595A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-02-15 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | Oxidation-reduction roasting integrated rotary hearth furnace |
| CN111926135A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-11-13 | 钢研晟华科技股份有限公司 | Hydrogen-based shaft furnace direct reduction system and reduction method |
| CN112159880A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-01 | 华北理工大学 | Method and device for making iron by hydrogen |
| CN215750254U (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-02-08 | 湖北塑通科技有限公司 | Cooling device for plastic product forming die |
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