CN114935696A - Portable power frequency electric field measuring device based on atomic spectrum - Google Patents
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- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0878—Sensors; antennas; probes; detectors
- G01R29/0885—Sensors; antennas; probes; detectors using optical probes, e.g. electro-optical, luminescent, glow discharge, or optical interferometers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0807—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by the application
- G01R29/0814—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning
- G01R29/0821—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning rooms and test sites therefor, e.g. anechoic chambers, open field sites or TEM cells
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of power frequency electric field measurement, and discloses a portable power frequency electric field measurement device based on atomic spectrum, which comprises: the laser emitted by the first laser is subjected to amplitude modulation by the electro-optic modulator, then is divided into two beams by the beam splitter, wherein one beam is used as detection light to be incident to the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber, and then is detected by the first detection port of the balance detector after passing through the optical fiber circulator; the other beam is reflected by the reflector as reference light, and then is incident to the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber in parallel with the detection light and then is detected by a second detection port of the balance detector; laser emitted by the second laser is used as coupling light and passes through the optical fiber circulator to be incident into the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber in a reverse superposition manner with the probe light; and sending the EIT signal obtained by the balance detector to a computing unit to compute to obtain the power frequency electric field intensity of the space to be measured. The invention can accurately measure the frequency shift of EIT when an electric field is applied, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of a power frequency electric field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power frequency electric field measurement, and particularly relates to a portable power frequency electric field measurement device based on atomic spectrum.
Background
With the continuous development of laser technology, the measurement of microwave fields and even terahertz fields becomes a research hotspot based on the electromagnetic field of rydberg atoms, the sensitivity of the rydberg atoms to an external field is mainly utilized, and a new technology is provided for realizing the all-optical high-sensitivity field measurement without an antenna probe. The detection of electromagnetic fields using the rydberg atom system usually employs alkali metal atoms as the excitation targets. The method comprises the steps of sealing alkali metal in a vacuum glass gas chamber, transmitting two beams of laser with different wavelengths to the glass gas chamber in a reverse direction, exciting alkali metal atoms in the gas chamber to a Reedberg state, respectively calling two beams of light as detection light and coupling light, observing an Electromagnetic Induced Transparency (EIT) phenomenon through the detection light, splitting an EIT signal when a microwave field exists, and determining the intensity of the microwave field by measuring EIT splitting distance.
Researches show that people working in high-voltage substations for a long time often have symptoms of headache, hypodynamia, insomnia, digestive system disorder and the like. The problem brought by the power frequency electromagnetic field is increasingly prominent, the problem becomes one of the main factors restricting the construction of the ultrahigh voltage transmission project in China, and the real-time and effective measurement of the power frequency electric field is an indispensable means for actively facing and solving the new threat. Compared with the traditional electric field measurement technology, the sensing technology based on the atomic spectral characteristics of the Reedberg has obvious advantages in measurement accuracy and reliability.
In this field, there are two points to be solved based on the low-frequency electric field measurement of the rydberg atoms. The glass material used to make the gas cell is generally a good electrical insulator, and when a slowly varying applied electric field is applied, the surface free charges redistribute to keep the potentials on the conducting surfaces equal and to eliminate the electric field from the outside, so that electric field signals generated outside the vacuum environment can only be detected when the electric field oscillates at a high frequency. In order to realize the measurement of the power frequency electric field, the shielding effect of the low-frequency electric field needs to be reduced. The resistance of the inner surface of the sapphire material is higher than that of glass by several orders of magnitude, so that the adsorption of alkali metal atoms on the sapphire surface can be weakened, and an ultraviolet lamp is used for irradiating the wall of the air chamber to further desorb the alkali metal atoms. When a low-frequency electric field exists, the electric field shielding time can reach millisecond magnitude, and the measurement of the low-frequency electric field is realized.
Meanwhile, although the measurement of the low-frequency electric field based on the rydberg atoms is advanced to a certain extent, all tests are set up in a laboratory environment, depend on an optical platform, occupy large space and are complex to adjust, and working conditions for monitoring the power frequency electric field intensity in an outdoor real environment are not provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and solves the technical problems that: the utility model provides an integrated, portable atomic spectrum based portable power frequency electric field measuring device to realize the intensity measurement of power frequency electric field in any region in space.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a portable power frequency electric field measuring device based on atomic spectrum comprises: the device comprises a first laser, a second laser, an electro-optic modulator, a beam splitter, a reflector, a vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber, a heating wire, an ultraviolet lamp, an optical fiber circulator, a balance detector and a calculation unit;
the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber is made of sapphire; the ultraviolet lamp is used for irradiating the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber; a heating wire is arranged on the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber;
after amplitude modulation is carried out on laser emitted by the first laser through the electro-optical modulator, the laser is divided into two beams through the beam splitter, wherein one beam is used as detection light to be incident into the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber, and then the detection light is detected by the first detection port of the balance detector after passing through the optical fiber circulator; the other beam is used as reference light, reflected by a reflector, and then is incident to the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber in parallel with the detection light and then is detected by a second detection port of the balance detector;
laser emitted by the second laser passes through the optical fiber circulator as coupling light and then is incident to the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber in a reverse superposition manner with the detection light, and atoms in the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber are excited to a Reedberg state together with the detection light;
the balance detector is used for obtaining an EIT signal according to detection signals of the first detection port and the second detection port and then sending the EIT signal to the computing unit, and the computing unit is used for computing to obtain the power frequency electric field intensity of the space to be detected according to the Stark frequency shift quantity of the EIT signal.
The calculation formula of the power frequency electric field intensity of the space to be measured is as follows:
wherein E represents the electric field intensity, delta is the Stark frequency shift quantity, alpha is the polarizability of the Reidberg atom, and gamma is the shielding rate of the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber.
The calculation method of the Stark frequency shift quantity of the EIT signal comprises the following steps:
obtaining the electro-optic modulator drive frequency ω C And the distance t between the two sidebands in the EIT signal data 1 ，
Obtaining the moving quantity t of the main peak in the measured EIT signal data in the time abscissa 2 ；
And calculating to obtain a Stark frequency shift quantity delta:
Δ＝2ω C t 2 /t 1 。
the portable power frequency electric field measuring device based on atomic spectrum further comprises a gas chamber shell, wherein a first self-focusing lens, a second self-focusing lens and a third self-focusing lens are arranged in the gas chamber shell; one end of the air chamber shell is provided with a first optical fiber interface, and the other end of the air chamber shell is provided with a second optical fiber interface and a third optical fiber interface; the beam splitter, the reflector, the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber and the ultraviolet lamp are all arranged in the air chamber shell;
the first self-focusing lens is arranged between the first optical fiber interface and the beam splitter and is used for collimating and expanding the detection light and the reference light input into the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber; the second self-focusing lens is arranged between the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber and the second optical fiber interface and is used for collecting the detection light and collimating and expanding the coupling light; the third self-focusing lens is arranged between the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber and the third optical fiber interface and is used for collecting the reference light;
the first laser is connected with the electro-optic modulator through an optical fiber, the electro-optic modulator is connected with the first optical fiber interface through an optical fiber, and the first optical fiber interface is connected with the first self-focusing lens through an optical fiber;
the second self-focusing lens is connected with the second optical fiber interface through an optical fiber, the third self-focusing lens is connected with the third optical fiber interface through an optical fiber, the second optical fiber interface is connected with the first detection port of the balance detector through an optical fiber, and the third optical fiber interface is connected with the second detection port of the balance detector through an optical fiber.
The first optical fiber interface, the second optical fiber interface and the third optical fiber interface are FC/PC interfaces and are adhered to the outer surface of the air chamber shell in a gluing mode; and a lens base for fixing the first self-focusing lens, the second self-focusing lens and the third self-focusing lens is arranged in the air chamber shell.
The air chamber shell is made of engineering plastics.
The first laser is a DFB fiber laser, and the second laser is an external cavity semiconductor laser.
The portable power frequency electric field measuring device based on the atomic spectrum further comprises a radio frequency source, wherein the radio frequency source is connected with the electro-optical modulator and used for driving the electro-optical modulator to perform amplitude modulation on laser emitted by the first laser.
The optical fiber circulator is a broadband multimode optical fiber circulator.
The portable power frequency electric field measuring device based on the atomic spectrum further comprises a power supply device, and the power supply device is used for supplying power to the heating wires and the ultraviolet lamp.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides an integrated and portable atomic spectrum-based portable power frequency electric field measuring device, which adopts a beam splitter to divide detection light into two beams, obtains an Electromagnetic Induction Transparent (EIT) signal for eliminating background noise through a balanced detector, simultaneously adds a radio frequency signal through an electro-optical modulator, generates two sideband peaks at two sides of the EIT signal, takes the two sideband peaks as frequency references, accurately measures the frequency shift of EIT when an electric field is applied, and improves the measuring accuracy;
2. according to the invention, a sapphire material is used as a vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber material, and meanwhile, through ultraviolet irradiation, the adsorption of atoms on the wall of the gas chamber can be weakened, the shielding effect of the atoms on a low-frequency electric field is reduced, and the measurement of a power-frequency electric field is realized;
3. the invention does not need to be supported by an optical platform, realizes the transmission and the collection of light beams through an all-fiber configuration, and ensures the integration and the portability of the device by a highly integrated optical probe, so that the invention can be applied to practice.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a portable power frequency electric field measurement apparatus based on atomic spectrum according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the low-frequency electric field shielding effect of a common glass gas chamber;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an EIT signal detected by the balanced detector in this embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the spectrum of the probe light after amplitude modulation;
FIG. 6 shows an EIT signal after amplitude modulation and an EIT signal in the presence of an electric field.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a portable power frequency electric field measurement apparatus based on atomic spectrum according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the laser comprises a first laser 1, a second laser 2, an electro-optic modulator 3, a radio frequency source 4, a first optical fiber interface 5, a second optical fiber interface 6, a third optical fiber interface 7, a first self-focusing lens 8, a second self-focusing lens 9, a third self-focusing lens 10, a beam splitter 11, a reflector 12, a vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber 13, a heating wire 14, an ultraviolet lamp 15, a power supply device 16, an air chamber shell 17, an optical fiber circulator 18, a balance detector 19, an air chamber stem 20 and an air chamber wall 21.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a portable power frequency electric field measurement apparatus based on atomic spectrum, including: the device comprises a first laser 1, a second laser 2, an electro-optic modulator 3, a beam splitter 11, a reflector 12, a vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber 13, a heating wire 14, an ultraviolet lamp 15, a power supply device 16, an optical fiber circulator 18, a balance detector 19 and a calculation unit; the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber 13 is made of sapphire; the ultraviolet lamp 15 is used for irradiating the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber 13; a heating wire 14 is wound on the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber 13; after amplitude modulation is carried out on laser light emitted by the first laser 1 through the electro-optic modulator 3, the laser light is divided into two beams through the beam splitter 11, wherein one beam is used as detection light to be incident to the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber 13, and then the detection light is detected by a first detection port of the balance detector 19 after passing through the optical fiber circulator 18; the other beam is used as reference light, reflected by a reflector 12, and then is incident to the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber 13 in parallel with the detection light and then is detected by a second detection port of the balance detector 19; laser light emitted by the second laser 2 passes through the optical fiber circulator 18 as coupling light, then is incident to the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber 13 in a reverse superposition manner with the detection light, and excites atoms in the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber 13 to a Reedberg state together with the detection light; the balance detector 19 is configured to send the EIT signal obtained according to the detection signals of the first detection port and the second detection port to the calculation unit, and the calculation unit is configured to calculate to obtain the power frequency electric field strength of the space to be detected according to the stark frequency shift quantity of the EIT signal.
In this embodiment, the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber 13 is made of sapphire. The inner surface of the gas cell has a non-zero electrical conductivity due to the adsorption of alkali metal atoms. As shown in fig. 2, when a slowly varying applied electric field is applied, the surface free charges redistribute to keep the potential on the conductive surface equal and to eliminate the electric field from the outside. The electric field shielding rate depends on the redistribution rate of the surface free charges. In order to reduce the shielding effect of the low-frequency electric field, the internal surface resistance of the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber needs to be improved, wherein the internal surface resistance of the sapphire material is higher than that of the quartz material and glass by several orders of magnitude, and the adsorption of atoms on the wall of the gas chamber can be weakened by adopting the gas chamber made of the sapphire material. The ultraviolet lamp 15 irradiates the air chamber to further weaken the adsorbability of alkali metal atoms, so that the alkali metal is separated from the wall of the air chamber, the heating wire 14 heats the wall 21 of the air chamber, the temperature of the main body of the air chamber is higher than that of the stem 20 of the air chamber, the alkali metal is driven into the stem 20 of the air chamber and cleans the inner surface of the main body of the air chamber, and the shielding rate of a low-frequency electric field is reduced. Experiments show that the alkali metal atom air chamber made of common glass has a shielding effect on a low-frequency electric field and can only realize the measurement of a radio frequency field, and the alkali metal atom air chamber made of sapphire material reduces the shielding rate of the low-frequency electric field through an ultraviolet lamp and heating treatment, so that the measurement of a power frequency electric field can be realized.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the first laser 1 is a DFB fiber laser, and the second laser 2 is an external cavity semiconductor laser.
Further, in this embodiment, cesium atoms are present inside the vacuum alkali metal atom gas cell 13, the output wavelength of the first laser 1 is 852nm, the outermost electrons of the alkali metal atoms in the vacuum alkali metal atom gas cell 13 can be excited from the ground state to the intermediate state, the output wavelength of the second laser is 512nm, the outermost electrons of the alkali metal atoms in the vacuum alkali metal atom gas cell 13 can be excited from the intermediate state to the reed-castle state, and the electromagnetic induced transparency phenomenon (EIT) is generated. In addition, in this embodiment, other alkali metal atoms, such as rubidium, may also be inside the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber 13, and those skilled in the art should know that, in this case, the wavelengths of the first laser 1 and the second laser 2 may meet the requirement of the detection light and the coupling light wavelength of the EIT effect of rubidium atoms.
Specifically, the present embodiment further includes a radio frequency source 4, where the radio frequency source 4 is connected to the electro-optical modulator 3, and is configured to drive the electro-optical modulator 3 to perform amplitude modulation on laser light emitted by the first laser 1. The radio frequency source 4 may be specifically an AD9910 high-speed DDS module, which generates 160MHz sine wave signals in this embodiment. The electro-optical modulator 3 is an amplitude modulator, the input end and the output end of an optical signal are both optical fibers, the tail end of each optical fiber is an FC/PC interface, and the input end of a modulation radio frequency is an SMA interface.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the optical fiber circulator 18 is a broadband multimode optical fiber circulator, and the operating wavelength is 400 nm and 900 nm. The two optical signal input ends of the balance detector are FC/PC interfaces, and the output end is a BNC interface
Specifically, the present embodiment further includes a power supply device 16, and the power supply device 16 is used for supplying power to the heating wire 14 and the ultraviolet lamp 15. The heating wire 14 is wound on the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber 13 and is connected with a power supply device.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the splitting ratio of the beam splitter 11 is 50: 50, the working wavelength is 700 and 1100 nm. The reflector 12 is an ultraviolet fused quartz reflector, and the working wavelength is 750nm-1100 nm. The vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber 13 is made of sapphire and has a cubic structure, the size is 20 × 20mm, the wall thickness is 1mm, and the inner alkali metal atoms are cesium atoms.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the measurement according to the embodiment of the present invention, first, the first laser 1 generates detection light, which enters the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber 13 to excite the outermost electrons of the alkali metal atoms therein from the ground state to an intermediate state; the second laser 2 then generates coupled light that enters the evacuated alkali metal atom gas cell 13, excites the outermost electrons of the alkali metal atoms therein from an intermediate state to a riedberg state, and produces an electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon. If an external electric field is present at this time, a stark shift (shift of the transmission peak of the detection light) occurs, and the EIT signal is detected by the balanced detector 19. The acquisition card of the calculation module is connected with the balance detector 19 to acquire EIT signals, the acquisition card can directly see the EIT signals on a computer control interface through being connected with a computer, EIT frequency shift can be observed when an electric field is applied, and the electric field intensity of the measured working frequency electric field can be directly read out through a calculation formula of the electric field intensity.
The electric field strength has the following relationship with the amount of stark frequency shift of the EIT signal:
wherein E is i The electric field intensity inside the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber is shown as alpha, alpha represents the polarizability of the Reidberg atoms, alpha is in proportion to n 7 Where n is the number of principal quantum of the rydberg Atom, the polarizability α for different states of rydberg can be obtained from Atom computer queries and Δ represents the stark shift. Because of the low-frequency electric field shielding effect of the air chamber, the electric field intensity inside the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber is lower than the electric field intensity outside the air chamber, and the relationship between the electric field inside the air chamber and the external electric field is as follows:
E i ＝γE； (2)
wherein E represents the electric field strength under the unshielded condition, and gamma represents the shielding rate of the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber.
By integrating the formulas (1) and (2), in this embodiment, the calculation formula of the power frequency electric field intensity of the space to be measured is as follows:
where E represents the electric field intensity, Δ is the amount of stark frequency shift, α is the polarizability of the riedberg atoms, and γ is the shielding rate of the vacuum alkali metal atom gas cell 13.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the first laser 1 generates probe light having a wavelength of 852nm, and the probe light is split by the beam splitter 11Two beams of light, one beam of light coincident with the coupling light is probe light, the other beam of light is reference light, the two beams of light respectively enter the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber 13 to make the electrons at the outermost layer of the cesium atoms from the ground state 6S 1/2 Excited to intermediate state 6P 3/2 The detection light passing through the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber 13 enters a first detection port of the balance detector 19, and the reference light enters a second detection port of the balance detector 19; the second laser 2 generates coupled light with the wavelength of 512nm, the coupled light enters the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber 13 through the optical fiber circulator 18, and electrons at the outermost layer of cesium atoms are transferred from the intermediate state 6P 3/2 Excited to a Reidberg state 25D 5/2 The transmission of the detection light is enhanced to generate an electromagnetic induction transparency phenomenon; the balanced detector 19 converts the detected optical signals of the detection light and the reference light into electrical signals, and then an internal subtractor subtracts the electrical signals of the detection light from the electrical signals of the reference light to obtain EIT signals with background noise removed, and when the coupled light is swept, the obtained EIT signals are as shown in fig. 4. If a power frequency electric field exists at this time, a stark displacement (frequency shift of the transmission peak of the detection light) phenomenon occurs, the frequency shift of the transmission peak of the detection light is detected by the balance detector 19, and the electric field intensity of the power frequency electric field can be calculated according to the formula (2).
When a radio-frequency signal is input to the modulation radio-frequency input end of the electro-optical modulator 3, the electro-optical crystal in the electro-optical modulator 3 is subjected to an external electric field, so that the refractive index of the electro-optical crystal changes, and as a result, the light wave characteristics passing through the crystal change, so as to implement amplitude modulation on the detection light signal, as shown in fig. 5, which is a frequency spectrogram after amplitude modulation. Where ω is the frequency of the laser, ω C Is the frequency of the radio frequency signal. The balanced detector 19 now detects the presence of two sideband peaks as shown in fig. 6 (a) on either side of the EIT signal, where the sideband peaks are spaced from the EIT signal by a distance equal to the magnitude of the frequency added to the modulated rf input port. The data acquired by the balanced detector 19 is plotted on the abscissa as time, and these two sideband peaks are used to calibrate the frequency axis, converting the abscissa into frequency. As shown in fig. 6 (b), the EIT generates a frequency shift when an electric field is applied, so that the frequency shift distance can be accurately calculated, and the accuracy of power frequency electric field measurement can be improved.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the method for calculating the stark frequency shift amount of the EIT signal includes:
obtaining the driving frequency omega of the electro-optical modulator 3 C And the distance t between the two sidebands in the EIT signal data 1 ，
Obtaining the moving quantity t of the main peak in the measured EIT signal data in the time abscissa 2 ；
And calculating to obtain a Stark frequency shift quantity delta:
Δ＝2ω C t 2 /t 1 。 (4)
example two
As shown in fig. 7, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a portable industrial-frequency electric field measuring device based on atomic spectrum, which, like the first embodiment, includes a first laser 1, a second laser 2, an electro-optical modulator 3, a beam splitter 11, a reflector 12, a vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber 13, a heater filament 14, an ultraviolet lamp 15, a power supply device 16, a fiber circulator 18, a balance detector 19, and a computing unit.
Different from the first embodiment, the present embodiment further includes a gas chamber housing 17, and the first self-focusing lens 8, the second self-focusing lens 9, and the third self-focusing lens 10 are disposed in the gas chamber housing 17; one end of the air chamber shell 17 is provided with a first optical fiber interface 5, and the other end is provided with a second optical fiber interface 6 and a third optical fiber interface 7; the beam splitter 11, the reflector 12, the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber 13, the ultraviolet lamp 15 and the power supply device 16 are all arranged in the air chamber shell 17; the first self-focusing lens 8 is arranged between the first optical fiber interface 5 and the beam splitter 11 and is used for collimating and expanding the detection light and the reference light input into the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber 13; the second self-focusing lens 9 is arranged between the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber 13 and the second optical fiber interface 6 and is used for collecting the detection light and collimating and expanding the coupling light; the third self-focusing lens 10 is arranged between the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber 13 and the third optical fiber interface 7 and is used for collecting the reference light.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the first laser 1 and the electro-optical modulator 3 are connected by an optical fiber, the electro-optical modulator 3 and the first optical fiber interface 5 are connected by an optical fiber, and the first optical fiber interface 5 and the first self-focusing lens 8 are connected by an optical fiber; the second self-focusing lens 9 is connected with the second optical fiber interface 6 through an optical fiber, the third self-focusing lens 10 is connected with the third optical fiber interface 7 through an optical fiber, the second optical fiber interface 6 is connected with the first detection port of the balance detector 19 through an optical fiber, and the third optical fiber interface 7 is connected with the second detection port of the balance detector 19 through an optical fiber.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the first optical fiber interface 5, the second optical fiber interface 6, and the third optical fiber interface 7 are all FC/PC interfaces, and are adhered to the outer surface of the air chamber shell 17 by gluing; a lens base for fixing the first self-focusing lens 8, the second self-focusing lens 9 and the third self-focusing lens 10 is arranged in the air chamber shell 17.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the material of the air chamber housing 17 is engineering plastic, which can be obtained by three-dimensional printing.
Specifically, the present embodiment further includes a power supply device 16, and the power supply device 16 is used for supplying power to the heating wire 14 and the ultraviolet lamp 15. The heating wire 14 is wound on the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber 13 and is connected with a power supply device. The ultraviolet lamp 15 is glued inside the air chamber housing 17 and is connected to the power supply. The power supply means 16 is glued inside the air chamber housing 17.
In this embodiment, through setting up air chamber shell 17, set up the essential element in the air chamber shell to utilize first fiber interface 5, second fiber interface 6 and third fiber interface 7 to realize the input/output of the interior light signal of air chamber shell, make whole measuring device need not optical platform's support, for the measuring device of full fiber configuration, guaranteed integrating and the portability of device.
In summary, the invention provides an integrated and portable power frequency electric field measuring device based on atomic spectrum, which adopts a beam splitter to divide the detection light into two beams, obtains an electromagnetic induction transparent signal for eliminating background noise through a balanced detector, adds a radio frequency signal through an electro-optical modulator by utilizing the relation between the electromagnetic induction transparent signal and a space electric field, generates two side band peaks on two sides of an EIT signal, takes the two side band peaks as frequency references, and realizes the measurement of a power frequency electric field and improves the measurement precision by accurately measuring the frequency shift of the EIT when the electric field is applied; in addition, the atomic gas chamber adopts a sapphire material, and simultaneously applies a beam of ultraviolet light, so that the adsorption of atoms on the wall of the gas chamber is weakened, the shielding effect on a low-frequency electric field is reduced, and the measurement of a power-frequency electric field based on atomic spectrum becomes possible.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a portable power frequency electric field measuring device based on atomic spectrum which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a first laser (1), a second laser (2), an electro-optic modulator (3), a beam splitter (11), a reflector (12), a vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber (13), a heating wire (14), an ultraviolet lamp (15), an optical fiber circulator (18), a balance detector (19) and a calculation unit;
the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber (13) is made of sapphire; the ultraviolet lamp (15) is used for irradiating the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber (13); a heating wire (14) is arranged on the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber (13);
after amplitude modulation is carried out on laser light emitted by the first laser (1) through the electro-optic modulator (3), the laser light is divided into two beams through the beam splitter (11), wherein one beam is used as detection light to be incident to the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber (13), and then the detection light is detected by a first detection port of the balance detector (19) after passing through the optical fiber circulator (18); the other beam is used as reference light, is reflected by a reflector (12), is incident into the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber (13) in parallel with the detection light and is detected by a second detection port of the balance detector (19);
laser emitted by the second laser (2) passes through an optical fiber circulator (18) as coupling light, then is incident to the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber (13) in a reverse coincidence mode with the detection light, and excites atoms in the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber (13) to a Reedberg state together with the detection light;
the balance detector (19) is used for obtaining an EIT signal according to detection signals of the first detection port and the second detection port and then sending the EIT signal to the computing unit, and the computing unit is used for computing to obtain the power frequency electric field intensity of the space to be detected according to the Stark frequency shift quantity of the EIT signal.
2. The portable power frequency electric field measuring device based on atomic spectrum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the power frequency electric field intensity of the space to be measured is:
wherein E represents the electric field intensity, delta is the Stark frequency shift quantity, alpha is the polarizability of the Reidberg atom, and gamma is the shielding rate of the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber (13).
3. The portable power frequency electric field measuring device based on atomic spectrum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation method of the stark frequency shift amount of the EIT signal is as follows:
obtaining the driving frequency omega of the electro-optical modulator (3) C And the distance t between the two sidebands in the EIT signal data 1 ，
Obtaining the moving quantity t of the main peak in the measured EIT signal data in the time abscissa 2 ；
And calculating to obtain a Stark frequency shift quantity delta:
Δ＝2ω C t 2 /t 1 。
4. the portable power frequency electric field measuring device based on atomic spectrum as recited in claim 1, further comprising a gas chamber housing (17), wherein a first self-focusing lens (8), a second self-focusing lens (9) and a third self-focusing lens (10) are arranged in the gas chamber housing (17); one end of the air chamber shell (17) is provided with a first optical fiber interface (5), and the other end is provided with a second optical fiber interface (6) and a third optical fiber interface (7); the beam splitter (11), the reflector (12), the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber (13) and the ultraviolet lamp (15) are all arranged in the air chamber shell (17);
the first self-focusing lens (8) is arranged between the first optical fiber interface (5) and the beam splitter (11) and is used for collimating and expanding the detection light and the reference light input into the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber (13); the second self-focusing lens (9) is arranged between the vacuum alkali metal atom air chamber (13) and the second optical fiber interface (6) and is used for collecting the detection light and collimating and expanding the coupled light; the third self-focusing lens (10) is arranged between the vacuum alkali metal atom gas chamber (13) and the third optical fiber interface (7) and is used for collecting the reference light;
the first laser (1) is connected with the electro-optical modulator (3) through an optical fiber, the electro-optical modulator (3) is connected with the first optical fiber interface (5) through an optical fiber, and the first optical fiber interface (5) is connected with the first self-focusing lens (8) through an optical fiber;
the second self-focusing lens (9) is connected with the second optical fiber interface (6) through an optical fiber, the third self-focusing lens (10) is connected with the third optical fiber interface (7) through an optical fiber, the second optical fiber interface (6) is connected with the first detection port of the balance detector (19) through an optical fiber, and the third optical fiber interface (7) is connected with the second detection port of the balance detector (19) through an optical fiber.
5. The portable industrial frequency electric field measuring device based on atomic spectrum as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first optical fiber interface (5), the second optical fiber interface (6) and the third optical fiber interface (7) are FC/PC interfaces and are adhered to the outer surface of the air chamber shell (17) by gluing; and a lens base used for fixing the first self-focusing lens (8), the second self-focusing lens (9) and the third self-focusing lens (10) is arranged in the air chamber shell (17).
6. The portable industrial frequency electric field measuring device based on atomic spectrum as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the material of the air chamber shell (17) is engineering plastic.
7. The portable industrial frequency electric field measurement device based on atomic spectrum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first laser (1) is a DFB fiber laser, and the second laser (2) is an external cavity semiconductor laser.
8. The portable industrial frequency electric field measuring device based on atomic spectrum as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a radio frequency source (4), wherein the radio frequency source (4) is connected to the electro-optical modulator (3) for driving the electro-optical modulator (3) to perform amplitude modulation on the laser light emitted from the first laser (1).
9. The portable industrial frequency electric field measuring device based on atomic spectrum as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the optical fiber circulator (18) is a broadband multimode optical fiber circulator.
10. The portable industrial frequency electric field measurement device based on atomic spectrum as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a power supply device (16), wherein the power supply device (16) is used for supplying power to the heating wire (14) and the ultraviolet lamp (15).
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