CN114933493B - Special structure for ultrahigh-temperature sludge composting and use method - Google Patents
Special structure for ultrahigh-temperature sludge composting and use method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special structure for ultrahigh-temperature sludge composting and a using method thereof, belonging to the technical field of composting. The special structure for the ultrahigh-temperature sludge compost comprises a pretreatment system and a main fermentation system, wherein the pretreatment system comprises a material mixing facility, a sequencing batch fermentation bed, a thermal control system, a conditioner adding facility and a strain adding facility, and the main fermentation system comprises an ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system, an odor collecting facility, a percolate treatment facility, a ventilation and oxygen supply facility, an online monitoring system, an intelligent control system and a fermentation product collecting facility; firstly, uniformly mixing organic solid wastes, auxiliary materials, a super-high temperature microbial inoculum and a conditioner in a mixing facility, then pretreating to obtain a composting raw material, then feeding the composting raw material into a super-high temperature aerobic fermentation system for super-high temperature composting, turning and throwing in the composting process, and feeding and turning and throwing in a pointer dynamic distribution mode until a final fermentation product meets the corresponding national standard, so that the organic solid wastes are subjected to reduction, harmless and recycling treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of compost, and particularly relates to a special structure for ultrahigh-temperature sludge compost and a using method thereof.
Background
With the continuous improvement of sewage treatment facilities in China, the rapid development of animal husbandry, the classification and promotion of household garbage of residents and the like, a large amount of solid wastes such as sludge, excrement, kitchen garbage and the like are generated every year. The method for treating organic solid waste mainly comprises an anaerobic digestion method, an incineration method, a sanitary landfill method, an aerobic composting method and the like, wherein the composting is a biological and environment-friendly process and is used as an effective and economic method for treating solid waste in China and other agricultural countries, and the aerobic composting method has the advantages of low treatment cost, simplicity in operation, high recycling degree and the like and is widely applied. However, the temperature of the traditional aerobic composting method is only 50 ℃ to 70 ℃ in the high-temperature stage, the fermentation temperature is low, the fermentation period is long, the treatment efficiency is low, and in order to accelerate the biodegradability, the humification degree and the maturation process can be improved by functional strain inoculation. In addition, mature compost products are widely used for improving air permeability and reducing bulk density due to economic advantages, and recovery of mature compost obviously creates a suitable environment for microbial activities, reduces ammonia emission and shortens sludge composting period.
Hyperthermophiles or hyperthermophiles refer to a class of extreme microorganisms that can grow at temperatures above 65 ℃ and even above 100 ℃. By adopting the ultrahigh-temperature composting taking the organic solid waste as the organic matter, the composting period can be shortened, and the maturity of the composting is improved, so that the loss of nitrogen is reduced, and the method has advantages in the aspects of composting quality and efficiency. The multifunctional thermophilic microorganism combination bred from the compost improves the biodegradation of organic matters and lignocellulose and obviously improves the stability and aromaticity of dissolved organic matters and humus.
The height, the width and the depth of a trough structure used by the traditional trough type compost cannot meet the requirements of large-volume high-temperature compost, the volume is small, the efficiency is low, the heating effect is poor, and the power of stirring equipment of the trough type turner is high, so that the investment cost and the operating cost are high. Therefore, providing effective support for promoting the application and development of ultra-high temperature compost treatment technology, finally performing reduction, harmless and resource treatment on organic solid wastes such as sludge, livestock and poultry manure, kitchen garbage and the like, and researching and developing a special structure for ultra-high temperature sludge compost and a using method become important topics to be researched urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of small volume, low efficiency, poor heating effect, low turning efficiency and the like of a trough structure used in the traditional aerobic composting and the traditional trough composting, the invention aims to provide a special high-efficiency, economic and low-carbon ultrahigh-temperature sludge composting structure and a using method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a special structure for ultra-high temperature sludge composting mainly comprises a pretreatment system 1 and a main fermentation system 2, wherein the pretreatment system comprises a mixing facility 11, a sequencing batch fermentation bed 12, a thermal control system 13, a conditioner adding facility 14 and a strain adding facility 15; the mixing system 11 is respectively communicated with a conditioner adding facility 14 and a strain adding facility 15, and the sequencing batch fermentation bed 12 is connected with a thermal control system 13; the main fermentation system 2 comprises an ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system, an odor collection facility 21, a percolate treatment facility 22, a ventilation and oxygen delivery facility 23, an online monitoring system 24, an intelligent control system 25 and a fermentation product collection facility 26; the top of the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system is communicated with an odor collecting facility 21, and the bottom of the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system is communicated with a percolate treatment facility 22; the intelligent control system 25 is connected with the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system and the fermentation product collecting facility 26, the air supply quantity of the ventilation and oxygen supply facility 23 to the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system is controlled in real time according to the detection data of the online monitoring system 24, and the intelligent control system 25 controls the fermentation product collecting facility 26 to convey the return material to the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system;
the size of a tank body of the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system is L multiplied by W multiplied by 2.3m, L = Q/(W multiplied by 2.3m multiplied by 0.8 multiplied by N), wherein Q is the compost quantity, N is the number of the tanks, L is the tank length, and W is the tank width.
Based on the technical scheme, further, W is 4.8m or 10m.
The invention also provides a use method of the special structure for the ultrahigh-temperature sludge compost, which mainly comprises the following steps of:
(1) Firstly, organic solid waste and auxiliary materials are added into a mixing facility 11, then an ultra-high temperature microbial inoculum and a conditioner are respectively added into the mixing facility 11 through a strain adding facility 15 and a conditioner adding facility 14, the inoculation amount of the ultra-high temperature microbial inoculum is 0.2-0.8 percent of the weight of hydrothermal carbon, and the concentration of the ultra-high temperature microbial inoculum is ensured to be 1.90 multiplied by 10 9 More than cfu/g, adding 2-3% volume ratio of mixed bacteria liquid according to the volume of initial organic solid waste, uniformly mixing in a mixing facility 11, and then conveying to an ordered batch fermentation bed 12, or uniformly mixing returned mixed materials/auxiliary materials/organic solid waste in the mixing facility 11 according to the proportion of 1;
(2) Feeding the compost raw material obtained in the step (1) into an ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system, performing ultrahigh-temperature composting for not less than 3-5 days at 75-120 ℃, turning and throwing in the composting process, wherein the feeding and the turning and throwing are performed in a pointer dynamic distribution mode until the final fermentation product and the auxiliary products meet the requirements of corresponding national standards.
Based on the technical scheme, the C/N ratio of the mixture in the step (2) is controlled to be 25 to 35, the pH is controlled to be 7.0 to 7.8, and the water content of the mixture is less than 60 percent.
Based on the technical scheme, further, turning is carried out once every 2-4 days.
Based on the technical scheme, the fermentation days in the step (2) are more than or equal to 15 days.
Based on the technical scheme, further, reasonable distribution and turning operation parameters are adopted in the pointer dynamic distribution mode in the step (2) according to mathematical modeling;
in the material distribution and composting stage, according to the composition of mixture components and microbial communities, the system is divided into three stages of initial temperature, ultrahigh temperature and low temperature, a simulation model of a pointer material distribution turning system is established, and a nonlinear differential equation is solved in stages; the calling format is: [ t, y ] = ODE45 (odefunn, tspan, y) 0 ) Wherein ODE45 adopts a fourth/fifth order Runge KuttaMethod, t represents the time variable, y represents the compost state variable, odefun represents the name of the equation of state function, tspan represents the compost simulation time, y 0 And assigning the system initially.
Based on the technical scheme, further, the turning in the step (2) is carried out through the shaking shoveling action of the forklift in front.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention utilizes the special structure of the large-scale ultrahigh-temperature sludge compost to be beneficial to the growth and the propagation of thermophilic bacteria, and the ultrahigh-temperature microbial community can resist the heat stress of organism accumulation, has strong impact resistance and meets the requirement of continuous high temperature of the ultrahigh-temperature compost.
(2) By using the special structure for ultra-high temperature sludge composting, the nitrogen conversion, the compost maturity and the humification level are improved, the mature compost is recycled, a thermophilic bacterial strain is inoculated in the early stage, the inoculation period is short, the temperature and NO are high, and 3 both-N and GI show higher efficiency.
The pointer turning method of the special structure for the ultrahigh-temperature sludge compost, disclosed by the invention, promotes the maturation process of the organic leavening agent, reduces the consumption of the organic leavening agent, and has technical and economic advantages and great application potential.
(4) The special structure for the ultrahigh-temperature sludge composting can fully exert the activity of extreme thermophilic bacteria, well reserve nutrient substances required by the growth of crops such as N, P in wastes and the like, is beneficial to reduction, harmless and recycling treatment of sludge, saves energy consumption, has high feasibility, is simple and convenient to operate, has short production period and stable product quality, and really achieves the technical aims of low carbon and environmental protection.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings to which the embodiments relate will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ultrahigh-temperature sludge composting structure according to example 1.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a special ultra-high temperature sludge composting structure in example 2.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the fermentation system of example 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of an aeration pipeline system of a ventilation oxygen supply facility in a special structure for ultra-high temperature sludge composting.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the pointer flipping operation.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and it is obvious that the examples in the following description are only some examples of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other similar examples without inventive labor and falling into the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the special structure for the ultrahigh-temperature sludge compost mainly comprises a pretreatment system 1 and a main fermentation system 2, wherein the pretreatment system comprises a mixing facility 11, a sequencing batch fermentation bed 12, a thermal control system 13, a conditioner adding facility 14 and a strain adding facility 15; the mixing system 11 is respectively communicated with a conditioner adding facility 14 and a strain adding facility 15, and the sequencing batch fermentation bed 12 is connected with a thermal control system 13; the main fermentation system 2 comprises an ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system, an odor collection facility 21, a percolate treatment facility 22, a ventilation and oxygen delivery facility 23, an online monitoring system 24, an intelligent control system 25 and a fermentation product collection facility 26; the top of the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system is communicated with an odor collecting facility 21, and the bottom of the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system is communicated with a percolate treatment facility 22; the intelligent control system 25 is connected with the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system and the fermentation product collecting facility 26, the air supply quantity of the ventilation and oxygen supply facility 23 to the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system is controlled in real time according to the detection data of the online monitoring system 24, and the intelligent control system 25 controls the fermentation product collecting facility 26 to convey the return material to the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system;
the size of a tank body of the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system is L multiplied by W multiplied by 2.3m, wherein the W modulus is preferably 4.8m and 10m; the size design is carried out according to different sludge qualities and treatment scales, L is calculated according to the sludge treatment scales and a mathematical empirical model, and L = Q/(W multiplied by 2.3m multiplied by 0.8 multiplied by N), wherein Q is the compost quantity, N is the number of the grooves, L is the groove length, and W is the groove width. And carrying out material balance calculation according to the production stages of the starting period, the stable production period and the discharging period.
The use method of the special structure for the ultrahigh-temperature sludge compost comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Firstly, organic solid waste and auxiliary materials are added into a mixing facility 11, then an ultra-high temperature microbial inoculum and a conditioner are respectively added into the mixing facility 11 through a strain adding facility 15 and a conditioner adding facility 14, the inoculation amount of the ultra-high temperature microbial inoculum is 0.2-0.8 percent of the weight of hydrothermal carbon, and the concentration of the ultra-high temperature microbial inoculum is ensured to be 1.90 multiplied by 10 9 More than cfu/g, adding 2-3% of mixed bacterial liquid according to the volume of the initial organic solid waste, wherein the high-temperature bacteria is Camierricochi Calditerricola, and the mixed bacterial strain is Thermus thermophilus. Uniformly mixing the materials in the material mixing facility 11, and then conveying the materials to the sequencing batch fermentation bed 12, or uniformly mixing the return materials/auxiliary materials/organic solid waste in the material mixing facility 11 according to a ratio of 1.5;
(2) Feeding the compost raw material obtained in the step (1) into an ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system, controlling the C/N ratio of a mixture to be within 25-35, controlling the pH to be within 7.0-7.8, controlling the water content of the mixture to be less than 60%, carrying out ultrahigh-temperature composting for not less than 3-5 days at the fermentation temperature of 75-120 ℃, turning and throwing in the composting process, carrying out turning and throwing once in 3 days on average, and feeding and throwing in a pointer dynamic distribution mode until a final fermentation product and accessory products meet the requirements of corresponding national standards;
during the ultrahigh-temperature fermentation process of the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system, the ventilation and oxygen delivery facility 23 is controlled in real time through the online monitoring system 24 and the intelligent control system 25, odor enters the odor collecting facility 21, and leachate enters the leachate treatment facility 22, so that the normal and efficient operation of the system is ensured, secondary pollution is avoided, and land utilization is finally carried out;
the pointer dynamicsThe distribution mode adopts reasonable material distribution and turning operation parameters according to mathematical modeling, the system is divided into three stages of initial temperature, ultrahigh temperature and low temperature according to the composition of a mixture and a microbial community in the material distribution and composting stages, a simulation model of a pointer material distribution turning system is established, and a nonlinear differential equation is solved in stages; the calling format is: [ t, y ] = ODE45 (odefunn, tspan, y) 0 ) Wherein ODE45 adopts a fourth/fifth order Rungeku tower method, t represents a time variable, y represents a compost state variable, odefun represents the name of an equation of state function, tspan represents compost simulation time, y 0 And assigning the system initially. Taking the total volume of materials in a strip pile of 20m × 10m × 2.3m × 0.8=368m for carrying out the top-up cultivation, if the capacity of a bucket of a forklift is about 3m for carrying out the top-up cultivation, 3-4min is required on average for carrying out the turning and throwing operation for the 3m top-up cultivation, turning and throwing are carried out through the 'shaking and shoveling' action, and a certain walking distance is provided, so that about 400min is required for completing the turning and throwing of one strip pile, namely 6.5-8.3 hours. For each fermentation zone, 4 stacks of chips need to be turned over each day, so 2 shifts of work are required to complete the turning over operation to 2 loaders each. After stable operation is achieved, turning and throwing are carried out on each tank body for 3 days on average, 4 fermentation stacks are turned and thrown every day, and meanwhile, 1 stack is respectively placed on the ground and taken out of the ground.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that, without the step (1), the compost is carried out by adding the ultra-high temperature microbial inoculum and by using a common composting structure, and the size of the tank body of the common fermentation system is 40X 3X 1.5m.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the high temperature microbial inoculum in step (2) is replaced by the same volume of culture solution without containing high temperature bacteria, and other parameters are the same as those in example 1, namely, the ultrahigh temperature composting special structure is adopted for composting under the condition of not inoculating the high temperature bacteria.
Comparative example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the turning manner in the step (3) is performed by using a walking turning machine, that is, the dynamic pointer distribution mode of the proprietary structure of the invention is not used for performing the process operation.
The content of C, N, P in the organic fertilizer prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 was measured, and the results are shown in table 2.
As can be seen from Table 2, the biochar organic fertilizer obtained by using the special structure for ultrahigh-temperature sludge composting has high C, P, N content, and the biochar organic fertilizer obtained by using the special structure for ultrahigh-temperature sludge composting does not adopt an ultrahigh-temperature composting structure, or is composted in the ultrahigh-temperature composting structure without inoculating high-temperature bacteria, or does not adopt a pointer dynamic distribution mode of the special structure, so that the biochar organic fertilizer has relatively low C, N, P content. The method has the advantages that the ultrahigh-temperature composting process is accelerated by turning and throwing the special structures and the pointers, the dominant bacteria of biological colonies are changed, the carbon source consumption is reduced, the leaching loss of the N, P leachate is reduced, and the nitrogen preservation effect is realized. When the ultrahigh-temperature fermentation is carried out under the condition of not adopting a special structure, the temperature start is slow, the high-temperature period is greatly shortened, secondly, the decomposed materials obtained by fermentation cannot be carried out in the traditional structure in a large proportion, the inoculation of strains cannot be realized, the secondary fermentation process cannot be well started, and therefore, the good fermentation effect cannot be achieved. The conventional compost turning method is only carried out without pointer turning, a large amount of leavening agents are additionally added, and meanwhile, re-inoculation is needed, so that resource waste is caused, and the starting period is prolonged.
According to the invention, by adopting an ultrahigh-temperature special structure and a turning and throwing mode for fermentation, when the obtained decomposed material is back-mixed in a large proportion and is continuously subjected to secondary fermentation, the growth and the propagation of thermophilic bacteria are facilitated, an ultrahigh-temperature microbial community can resist the heat stress of biological accumulation, the impact resistance is strong, and the requirement of continuous high temperature of ultrahigh-temperature compost is met. And the activity is continuously exerted, the metabolism of the organic matters which are difficult to degrade in the solid waste is realized, the maturation process of the organic leavening agent is promoted, the using amount of the organic leavening agent is reduced, and the organic leavening agent has the technical and economic advantages and great application potential.
Example 2
Referring to FIG. 2, 25000m is constructed in a municipal sludge landfill 2 The special structures for the left and right ultra-high temperature sludge composts treat 400 tons of municipal sludge with water content of 80% daily by using an ultra-high temperature aerobic composting technology, can realize harmless treatment of about 8 ten thousand tons of sludge in the whole treatment period, carry out harmless treatment and reduction treatment on the site, and can be used as landscaping soil, ecological restoration soil and the like.
The special structure for the ultrahigh-temperature sludge compost is divided into an ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system, a clinker system and a pretreatment system according to functions, wherein the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system is connected with the pretreatment system through a road, the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system is a main part of a treatment field and comprises No. 1, no. 2, no. 3 and No. 4 fermentation systems, each fermentation system comprises a fermentation pile area, an operation channel and a fan chamber, the floor area of each fermentation system is about 5000 square meters, about 70 fermentation piles are arranged, the average 17 fermentation piles are arranged into 1 operation interval, and the size of a tank body is 30= Q/(4 x 2.3m x 0.8 x 70); the clinker system is an area for keeping the material fermentation high temperature for a long time, provides clinker with high quality and in a high-temperature fermentation state, is used for assisting in improving the fermentation effect of the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system, comprises a curing area and a fan chamber, and occupies about 3000 square meters; the pretreatment system occupies about 2000 square meters, and is used for mixing fermented finished products, raw mud and auxiliary materials, and feeding the mixed mixture into the main ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system. The fermentation system No. 1 comprises 19 piles, and the size of each pile is 24m multiplied by 10m multiplied by 2m; the fermentation system No. 2 comprises 19 piles, and the size of each pile is 24m multiplied by 10m multiplied by 2m; the fermentation system No. 3 comprises 13 piles, and the size of each pile is 24m multiplied by 10m multiplied by 2m; the fermentation system No. 4 contained 13 piles, and the size of each pile was 24 m.times.10 m.times.2 m. The clinker system comprises 8 piles, the size of each pile is 25m multiplied by 10m multiplied by 2m, the main function of the clinker fermentation system is to provide high-temperature clinker for fermentation, and the clinker fermentation system also has certain production capacity. The maximum amount of the sludge is 400 tons every day, the water content is calculated according to 80%, the water content of auxiliary materials is calculated according to 20%, the initial addition amount is 30-35%, the auxiliary materials are added according to 5-10% in the subsequent process, and fermentation is carried out for 15-18 days. The main turning and throwing equipment is a loader, 1-1.5 piles can be turned and thrown by each loader per shift for the piles in the main production area, 4 piles need to be turned and thrown by each production area per day under the condition of normal production, 1 pile needs to be fed and discharged at the same time, about 2 loaders are needed in each production area, and 12 loaders are needed in total. The clinker system needs to turn over 2 piles every day, and 1 loader is needed. The pretreatment system adopts a ground walking turner to cooperate with a loader to jointly produce, and a mixing area needs 1 loader. The aeration equipment is a centrifugal fan and an aeration pipeline, and 27 centrifugal fans are needed in total.
And (3) material balance calculation: according to different production stages, the project is divided into a start-up stage, a stable production stage and a discharge stage. Wherein the start-up period is divided into 2 stages, each stage is about 15 days, and the mixing proportion of the first stage is raw mud: auxiliary materials =1:0.3, adding the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation concentrated microbial inoculum to 2% of the weight of the sludge, mixing 4 fermentation stacks in a first stage every day, wherein according to the density of a mixture product of about 0.5 and the effective utilization space of the stacks of about 0.75, the raw sludge is mixed in a planned day of about 460 tons and the auxiliary materials are mixed in a planned day of about 138 tons, and after 15 days of fermentation, the weight of a finished product is about 50% of the weight of the mixture product, namely 299 tons; the mixing proportion of the second stage in the starting period is raw mud: back mixing clinker: auxiliary materials =1:0.75:0.22, no microbial inoculum is added. In the first stage, 4 fermentation stacks are mixed every day, about 400 tons of raw mud, about 299 tons of back-mixed clinker and about 88 tons of auxiliary materials are mixed in a planning day according to the density of a mixed product of about 0.6 and the effective utilization space of the stacks of about 0.75, and after 15 days of fermentation, the weight of a finished product is about 60 percent of the weight of the mixed product, and the weight of the finished product is about 472 tons. The stable operation stage is as follows: back mixing auxiliary materials: auxiliary materials =1:1 to 1.5:0.1, 4 fermentation stacks are mixed in each day in the stable operation stage, the effective utilization space of the stacks is 0.75 according to the density of the mixed product of 0.7, about 400 tons of raw mud is mixed in the planning day, about 400 tons of back-mixed clinker and about 40 tons of auxiliary materials are mixed in the planning day, and after 15 days of fermentation, the weight of the finished product is about 70 percent of that of the mixed product, and the finished product is about 588 tons. And (3) forming a 2.2m-1.2m-70m strip stack by using the auxiliary materials/returned materials and the sludge according to a preset mixing ratio by using a loader, and mixing materials by using a ground walking turner after simple trimming. Utilize 70m 25m's place in compounding district, can plan out 3 strip buttress of material, 2 operation passageways, under the condition that operate properly, the daily compounding volume is about 1200-1600m mansions. And the mixed materials are loaded onto a dump truck by a loader and conveyed to a fermentation area for feeding.
Feeding: conveying the mixed materials to a tipping wagon to be close to a material inlet strip stack of an ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system for automatic unloading, and simultaneously carrying out material inlet operation by using a loader, wherein the material inlet operation of each loader is carried out for 3m year, the material inlet time of each strip stack is about 200min and about 3.5 hours;
turning: the total volume of the material of each strip pile is about 20mx 10mx 2.3mx 0.8=368m thin strip, the bucket capacity of a 5-ton forklift is about 3m for thin strip plantation, and due to the fact that turning and throwing are required to be carried out through the 'trembling shovel' action and a certain walking distance, turning and throwing operation of 3m thin strip plantation can be carried out only by averagely needing 3-4min, and the turning and throwing operation for completing one strip pile needs about 400min, namely 6.5-8.3 hours. For each fermentation zone, 4 stacks of chips need to be turned over every day, so at least 2 loaders are needed to perform 2 shifts of work respectively to complete the turning operation. After stable operation is achieved, turning and throwing are carried out on each tank body for 3 days on average, 4 fermentation stacks are turned and thrown every day, and meanwhile, 1 stack is respectively carried out on entry and exit.
Discharging: the material in the strip stacks is conveyed to a nearby dump truck by a loader, and the discharging time of each strip stack is similar to the feeding time.
The sludge product obtained by the treatment method meets the requirements of agricultural sludge pollutant control standard (GB 4284-2018).
The leachate obtained by the treatment method is discharged to meet the water quality standard for sewage discharge into urban sewers (GB T31962-2015), and simultaneously meets the primary standard required by the comprehensive sewage discharge standard (GB-8978-1996).
In the project, the odor is treated and then discharged to reach the secondary standard specified in the discharge Standard of malodorous pollutants (GB 14554-93): see table 3 for details; the emission standards of malodorous pollutants were performed in organized emission, as detailed in table 4.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A special structure for ultrahigh-temperature sludge composting is characterized by mainly comprising a pretreatment system and a main fermentation system, wherein the pretreatment system comprises a material mixing facility, a sequencing batch fermentation bed, a thermal control system, a conditioner adding facility and a strain adding facility; the mixing system is respectively communicated with a conditioner adding facility and a strain adding facility, and the sequencing batch fermentation bed is connected with a thermal control system; the main fermentation system comprises an ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system, an odor collection facility, a percolate treatment facility, a ventilation and oxygen supply facility, an online monitoring system, an intelligent control system and a fermentation product collection facility; the top of the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system is communicated with the odor collecting facility, and the bottom of the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system is communicated with the percolate treatment facility; the intelligent control system is connected with the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system and the fermentation product collecting facility, the air supply quantity from the ventilation and oxygen supply facility to the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system is controlled in real time according to the detection data of the online monitoring system, and the intelligent control system controls the fermentation product collecting facility to convey the return material to the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system;
the size of a tank body of the ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system is L multiplied by W multiplied by 2.3m, L = Q/(W multiplied by 2.3m multiplied by 0.8 multiplied by N), wherein Q is compost amount, N is the number of the tanks, L is the length of the tanks, and W is the width of the tanks;
w is 4.8m or 10m;
the use method of the special structure for the ultrahigh-temperature sludge compost mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, adding organic solid waste and auxiliary materials into a material mixing facility, then respectively adding an ultra-high temperature microbial inoculum and a conditioner into the material mixing facility through a strain adding facility and a conditioner adding facility, adding mixed bacteria liquid with the volume ratio of 2-3% according to the volume of the initial organic solid waste, uniformly mixing the materials in the material mixing facility, and then conveying the materials to a sequential batch fermentation bed, or uniformly mixing the returned materials/the auxiliary materials/the organic solid waste in the material mixing facility according to the ratio of 0.5 to 1.5;
(2) Feeding the compost raw material obtained in the step (1) into an ultrahigh-temperature aerobic fermentation system, performing ultrahigh-temperature composting for not less than 3 days at 75-120 ℃, turning and throwing in the composting process, wherein the feeding and the turning and throwing are performed in a pointer dynamic distribution mode until the final fermentation product and the accessory products meet the requirements of corresponding national standards;
in the step (2), reasonable material distribution and turning operation parameters are adopted by the pointer dynamic distribution mode according to mathematical modeling; in the material distribution and composting stage, according to the composition of mixture components and microbial communities, the system is divided into three stages of initial temperature, ultrahigh temperature and low temperature, a simulation model of a pointer material distribution turning system is established, a nonlinear differential equation is solved in stages, and the calling format is as follows: [ t, y ] = ODE45 (odefun, tspan, y) 0 ) Wherein ODE45 adopts a fourth/fifth order Runge Kutta method, t represents a time variable, y represents a compost state variable, and odefunn represents a state methodCheng Hanshu name, tspan indicates compost simulation time, y 0 And assigning the system initially.
2. The special structure for ultrahigh-temperature sludge composting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation days in step (2) are more than or equal to 15 days.
3. The special structure for ultrahigh-temperature sludge composting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the turning is carried out by a forklift in a forward-moving and shoveling action.
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