CN114933444A - 一种生态路面砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Images
Classifications
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- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
- B28B11/245—Curing concrete articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/30—Mixed waste; Waste of undefined composition
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- C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生态路面砖,其原料包括胶凝材料、细骨料和粗骨料,其中胶凝材料包括矿渣、钢渣、赤泥和水泥,细骨料为型砂,粗骨料为建筑垃圾再生骨料。本发明采用的碱性赤泥、水玻璃协同激发体系,共同激发固体废弃物活性,改善集料界面过渡区,增加生态路面砖强度,同时本发明的原料易得,成本较低,施工简便,具有较高的实用价值和良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及路面砖技术领域,具体涉及一种生态路面砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
固体废弃物对环境影响突出、利用前景广阔,是资源综合利用的核心领域。随着城市建设的深入、工业生产的发展,固体废弃物不仅包含了工业生产活动中所产生的工业固废物(如赤泥、磷石膏、钢渣、型砂等)还包含了建材行业所产生的建筑垃圾。一方面固体废弃物容易污染环境,许多有害成分还会经过动植物进入人的食物链,危害人体健康,另一方面对固体废弃物的处理工艺复杂、成本较高。
目前,已有研究针对固体废弃物的不同性质开展研究,利用低劣质原料及废弃物制备新的建筑材料,以推动固体废弃物的循环利用。但是现有技术均采用了一种或多种固体废弃物制备胶凝材料或骨料,但在实际操作过程中仍需要外加化学原材料(如碱性化合物)或经高温养护,不环保、也增加了施工难度和制备成本,致使固废制备建筑材料在此领域的使用并不能得到推广和广泛的应用。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷,本发明的目的是提供一种骨料均采用固体废弃物、胶凝材料综合利用多种固废的生态路面砖及其制备方法。
本发明解决技术问题采用如下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种生态路面砖,所述生态路面砖的原料包括胶凝材料、细骨料和粗骨料,其中,
所述胶凝材料包括矿渣、钢渣、赤泥和水泥;
所述细骨料为型砂;
所述粗骨料为建筑垃圾再生骨料。
优选地,所述型砂为废弃水玻璃砂;
所述建筑垃圾再生骨料粒径为5-10mm。
优选地,所述赤泥为拜耳法赤泥,其PH值为11.2。
优选地,所述生态路面砖包括以下重量份的原料:
水0.43分、水泥0.55份、矿物渣0.10-0.15份、钢渣0.15份、赤泥0.15-0.20份、废弃型砂1.46-1.54份、再生骨料2.52-2.60份、减水剂0.015-0.025份、引气剂0.0001-0.0002份。
本发明还提供一种制备如前所述的生态路面砖的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,按要求称量准备各组分原料;
步骤二,将水、水泥、矿物渣、钢渣、赤泥、废弃型砂、再生骨料、减水剂、引气剂混合加入搅拌机中搅拌均匀得到混合料;
步骤三,将混合料填布在压机的金属砖模具中,采用44MPa压力加压成型,压制成型后的砖坯用保鲜膜覆盖养护,后常温养护即可。
优选地,所述保鲜膜覆盖养护7天,常温养护21天,常温参数为:湿度90±1%、温度20℃±1%。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
本发明采用碱性赤泥、水玻璃协同激发体系,共同激发固体废弃物活性,改善集料界面过渡区,增加了生态路面砖强度,其次本发明的路面砖原料中骨料均采用固体废弃物、胶凝材料综合利用多种固废,对环境无污染且原料易得、成本较低,最后本发明的生态路面砖工艺简明、养护简单、施工简便,具有较高的实用价值和良好的应用前景。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显:
图1为实施例1中赤泥与型砂水玻璃激发体系过程示意图,其中:
(a)为反应初期示意图;
(b)为浆体反应一定龄期后,浆体中矿渣、钢渣和赤泥被激发出活性[SiO4]4-、[AlO4]5-示意图;
(c)为在型砂表面吸附部分矿渣、钢渣、赤泥,形成C-S-H、C-S-A-H或硅酸镁等凝胶示意图;
图2为实施例1中保鲜膜覆盖养护7天后的路面砖电镜图;
图3为实施例1中保鲜膜覆盖养护7天后,常温养护21天的路面砖电镜图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的后续实施例中的生态路面包括胶凝材料、细骨料和粗骨料,其中,胶凝材料包括矿渣、钢渣、赤泥和水泥,骨料为型砂,粗骨料为建筑垃圾再生骨料:
赤泥是在氧化铝矿提炼铝的过程中排出的固体废弃物,因其碱含量高、活性低,而难以有效利用,后续实施例中所选赤泥为拜耳法赤泥,呈红色,PH值为11.2,钢渣是炼钢过程中产生的一种副产品,主要成分包括游离氧化钙(f-CaO)、游离氧化镁(f-MgO)及RO相(由FeO、MgO、MnO和CaO等二价金属氧化物组成的连续固溶体),在钢渣化学组分中,钙相偏多,而硅相和铝相较少,矿渣是炼铁厂在高炉冶炼生铁时所得到的以硅铝酸钙为主要成分的熔融物,经水淬成粒后所得的工业固体废渣,大部分为玻璃质,具有潜在水硬胶凝性。以上各原料的主要化学成分经X射线荧光光谱仪分析结果(仪器型号:XRF-1800),如表1所示:
原料 | SiO<sub>2</sub> | Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | CaO | Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | MgO | Na<sub>2</sub>O | K<sub>2</sub>O | MnO | SO<sub>3</sub> | LOI |
赤泥 | 51.44 | 28.38 | 1.26 | 7.20 | 0.58 | 0.17 | 2.89 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 6.12 |
钢渣 | 16.25 | 4.89 | 45.26 | 23.14 | 6.11 | 0.43 | 1.06 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 1.73 |
矿渣 | 24.94 | 14.13 | 39.39 | 0.62 | 7.70 | 0.32 | 0.52 | 0.58 | 3.30 | 5.86 |
表1
本发明的后续实施例中所选型砂为废弃水玻璃砂,型砂是铸造生产中主要的造型材料,铸造行业每产出1吨铸件会排出约1.5吨废弃砂,废弃水玻璃砂是型砂铸造中,与水玻璃混合粘结而形成的一种结块物,其中掺杂着铁等金属杂质,如不合理利用,会对环境造成污染。
要做前提说明的是碱激发地质聚合物是近年来逐渐被关注的一种新型建筑结构材料,它是指由具有火山灰活性或潜在胶凝活性的硅铝酸盐类矿物与碱性激发剂反应而形成的一种新型绿色无机胶凝材料。地质聚合物是以硅铝酸盐类矿物和碱溶液为主要材料,是由[SiO4]4-和[AlO4]5-四面体构成的具有三维网络结构的一种新型无机Si-Al质胶凝材料。在碱激发剂作用下,硅铝酸盐矿物中Si-O和Al-O键发生断裂,形成一系列[SiO4]4-、[AlO4]5-单体,随后这些低聚[SiO4]4-、[AlO4]5-单体发生脱水聚合,形成Si-O-Al网络结构凝胶体。
因此本发明的后续实施例中所选材料包括胶凝材料、细骨料和粗骨料,其中胶凝材料包含矿渣、钢渣、赤泥、水泥,所选细骨料为型砂,所选粗骨料为建筑垃圾再生骨料,粒径为5~10mm,制备生态路面砖。赤泥中通常含有碱性废液,它的主要化学成分为SiO2、Al2O3和Fe2O3,因此利用碱性赤泥一方面可以为生态路面砖提供碱激发环境,另一方面可以为生态路面砖中的碱激发体系提供Si-Al质物质。通过赤泥的激发效应,激发出赤泥、钢渣或矿渣中的活性[SiO4]4-、[AlO4]5-,与水泥的水化产物Ca(OH)2缓慢发生水化反应,生成C-S-H(硅酸钙)或C-S-A-H(铝硅酸钙)等凝胶。
后续实施例中型砂为废弃水玻璃砂,化学式为Na2O·nSiO2,包覆于型砂表面的水玻璃也可以作为辅助激发剂,共同激发赤泥、钢渣或矿渣中的Si-Al质物质,转化为活性[SiO4]4-、[AlO4]5-单体。同时钢渣中的游离氧化钙、游离氧化镁和矿渣中的CaO可有效补偿水泥中的钙镁含量,进一步生成Ca(OH)2和Mg(OH)2等水化产物,促进生态路面砖中的活性[SiO4]4-、[AlO4]5-单体与Ca(OH)2反应生成C-S-H(硅酸钙)或C-S-A-H(铝硅酸钙)以及少量的硅酸镁等凝胶。
请参照图1,本发明各实施例中原料混合后的具体的反应过程为:(1)集料与浆体界面过渡区。碱性赤泥与型砂表面的水玻璃共同激发赤泥、钢渣和矿渣中的Si-Al质物质,转化为活性[SiO4]4-、[AlO4]5-单体。并且,活性[SiO4]4-、[AlO4]5-单体与型砂发生反应,在型砂表面生成C-S-H(硅酸钙)或C-S-A-H(铝硅酸钙)以及少量的硅酸镁凝胶,有效改善了集料水泥浆体的界面过渡区,增大了胶凝材料与集料之间的粘结力,提高了路面砖的强度。(2)水泥浆体中。一方面活性[SiO4]4-、[AlO4]5-单体与水泥水化产物Ca(OH)2,反应生成C-S-H(硅酸钙)或C-S-A-H(铝硅酸钙)以及少量的硅酸镁凝胶,形成密实体系;另一方面,在水泥浆体中,拜耳法赤泥颗粒较小,不仅可以起到填充效应还会起到晶核效应,促进水泥水化。因此采用赤泥碱性激发体系联合型砂水玻璃激发体系,既可以改善浆体材料与集料的界面关系,又可以促进浆体材料的水化反应,优势互补,提高生态路面砖的强度。
同时为了促进矿渣、钢渣、赤泥、水泥的水化反应,本发明的各实施例采用保鲜膜养护7天,7天后采用常温养护。
下面以具体的实施例做进一步说明。
实施例1.
本实施例的一种生态路面砖,包括以下重量份的原料:
水0.43分、水泥0.55份、矿物渣0.15份、钢渣0.15份、赤泥0.15份、废弃型砂1.46份、再生骨料2.60份、减水剂0.021份、引气剂0.0001份。
本实施例的一种生态路面砖的制备方法,包括将赤泥、钢渣、矿渣、水泥、废弃型砂、再生骨料、减水剂、引气剂混合均匀,得到生态路面砖混合料。将生态路面砖混合料;填布在压机的金属砖模具中,采用44MPa压力加压成型。压制成型后的砖坯用保鲜膜覆盖养护7天,后常温(湿度90±1%,温度20℃±1%)养护28天,制成生态路面砖。其中图2为保鲜膜覆盖养护7天的路面砖电镜图;图3为保鲜膜覆盖养护7天后,常温养护28天的路面砖电镜图。
实施例2.
本实施例的一种生态路面砖,包括以下重量份的原料:
水0.43分、水泥0.55份、矿物渣0.15份、钢渣0.15份、赤泥0.15份、废弃型砂1.50份、再生骨料2.56份、减水剂0.021份、引气剂0.0001份。
本实施例的一种生态路面砖的制备方法,包括将赤泥、钢渣、矿渣、水泥、废弃型砂、再生骨料、减水剂、引气剂混合均匀,得到生态路面砖混合料。将生态路面砖混合料;填布在压机的金属砖模具中,采用44MPa压力加压成型。压制成型后的砖坯用保鲜膜覆盖养护7天,后常温(湿度90±1%,温度20℃±1%)养护28天,制成生态路面砖。
实施例3.
本实施例的一种生态路面砖,包括以下重量份的原料:
水0.43分、水泥0.55份、矿物渣0.15份、钢渣0.15份、赤泥0.15份、废弃型砂1.50份、再生骨料2.56份、减水剂0.021份、引气剂0.0001份。
本实施例的一种生态路面砖的制备方法,包括将赤泥、钢渣、矿渣、水泥、废弃型砂、再生骨料、减水剂、引气剂混合均匀,得到生态路面砖混合料。将生态路面砖混合料;填布在压机的金属砖模具中,采用44MPa压力加压成型。压制成型后的砖坯用保鲜膜覆盖养护7天,后常温(湿度90±1%,温度20℃±1%)养护28天,制成生态路面砖。
实施例4
本实施例的一种生态路面砖,包括以下重量份的原料:
水0.43分、水泥0.55份、矿物渣0.15份、钢渣0.15份、赤泥0.15份、废弃型砂1.54份、再生骨料2.52份、减水剂0.021份、引气剂0.0001份。
本实施例的一种生态路面砖的制备方法,包括将赤泥、钢渣、矿渣、水泥、废弃型砂、再生骨料、减水剂、引气剂混合均匀,得到生态路面砖混合料。将生态路面砖混合料;填布在压机的金属砖模具中,采用44MPa压力加压成型。压制成型后的砖坯用保鲜膜覆盖养护7天,后常温(湿度90±1%,温度20℃±1%)养护28天,制成生态路面砖。
以上各实施例制备的生态路面砖的性能测试结果如表2所示:
抗压强度MPa | 抗折强度MPa | |
实施例1 | 42.8 | 4.8 |
实施例2 | 41.6 | 4.2 |
实施例3 | 42.0 | 4.5 |
实施例4 | 42.5 | 4.8 |
表2
试验结果显示实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4符合标准《混凝土路面砖》GB28635-2012中型号为N F 60Cc40普形通体的混凝土路面砖的技术要求。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (6)
1.一种生态路面砖,其特征在于,所述生态路面砖的原料包括胶凝材料、细骨料和粗骨料,其中,
所述胶凝材料包括矿渣、钢渣、赤泥和水泥;
所述细骨料为型砂;
所述粗骨料为建筑垃圾再生骨料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种生态路面砖,其特征在于,所述型砂为废弃水玻璃砂;
所述建筑垃圾再生骨料粒径为5-10mm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种生态路面砖,其特征在于,所述赤泥为拜耳法赤泥,其PH值为11.2。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种生态路面砖,其特征在于,所述生态路面砖包括以下重量份的原料:
水0.43分、水泥0.55份、矿物渣0.10-0.15份、钢渣0.15份、赤泥0.15-0.20份、废弃型砂1.46-1.54份、再生骨料2.52-2.60份、减水剂0.015-0.025份、引气剂0.0001-0.0002份。
5.一种制备如权利要求1-4任意一项所述的生态路面砖的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,按要求称量准备各组分原料;
步骤二,将水、水泥、矿物渣、钢渣、赤泥、废弃型砂、再生骨料、减水剂、引气剂混合加入搅拌机中搅拌均匀得到混合料;
步骤三,将混合料填布在压机的金属砖模具中,采用44MPa压力加压成型,压制成型后的砖坯用保鲜膜覆盖养护,后常温养护即可。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种生态路面砖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述保鲜膜覆盖养护时长为7天,常温养护时长为21天,常温参数为:湿度90±1%、温度20℃±1%。
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