CN114929712B - 作为trpa1抑制剂的噻吩并嘧啶酮 - Google Patents
作为trpa1抑制剂的噻吩并嘧啶酮 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114929712B CN114929712B CN202080072028.XA CN202080072028A CN114929712B CN 114929712 B CN114929712 B CN 114929712B CN 202080072028 A CN202080072028 A CN 202080072028A CN 114929712 B CN114929712 B CN 114929712B
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- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
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- C07D495/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D495/14—Ortho-condensed systems
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Abstract
本发明涉及噻吩并嘧啶酮及其作为TRPAl活性抑制剂的用途、含有其的药物组合物,以及使用其作为用于治疗和/或预防纤维化疾病、炎性及自体免疫疾病及CNS相关疾病的药剂的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及噻吩并嘧啶酮及其作为TRPA1活性抑制剂的用途、含有其的药物组合物,以及使用其作为用于治疗和/或预防纤维化疾病、炎性及自体免疫疾病及CNS相关疾病的药剂的方法。
背景技术
瞬时受体电位通道(TRP通道)为一组主要位于众多哺乳动物细胞类型的质膜上的电压闸控离子通道。存在大约30个分类为以下群组的结构上相关的TRP通道:TRPA、TRPC、TRPM、TRPML、TRPN、TRPP及TRPV。瞬时受体电位阳离子通道亚族A成员1(TRPA1)(也称为瞬时受体电位锚蛋白1)为TRPA基因亚族的唯一成员。在结构上,TRPA通道为通过多个N端锚蛋白重复序列(在人类TRPA1的N端中约14个)表征,其产生了锚蛋白的“A”命名(Montell,2005)。
TRPA1高度表达于服务皮肤及肺两者的背根及结节神经节中的感官神经元的质膜中以及小肠、结肠、胰脏、骨骼肌、心脏、大脑、膀胱及淋巴球中(https://www.proteinatlas.org/)以及人类肺纤维母细胞中。
TRPA1以产生躯体感觉模态,诸如疼痛、冷及瘙痒的环境刺激传感器著称。TRPA1通过多个反应性亲电子刺激(例如,异硫氰酸烯丙酯、反应性含氧物种)以及非反应性化合物(例如,依色林(icilin))活化,其涉及与哮喘相关的咳嗽、慢性肺阻塞性疾病(COPD)、特发性肺纤维化(idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis;IPF)或病毒后咳嗽或针对慢性特发性咳嗽以及敏感患者的咳嗽。(Song及Chang,2015;Grace及Belvisi,2011)。基于展示咳嗽诱导的TGF-β升高的研究,TRPA1抑制剂适用于治疗IPF,其中咳嗽由于咳嗽与肺损伤之间的关系而高度流行(Xie等人,2009;Froese等人,2016;Tschumperlin等人,2003;Yamamoto等人,2002;Ahamed等人,2008)。TRPA1拮抗剂抑制通过咳嗽触发物触发的钙信号传导,诸如香烟烟雾提取物(cigarette smoke extract;CSE)氧化应激、炎性介质释放及下调的抗氧化基因表达(Lin等人,2015;Wang等人,2019)。TRPA1拮抗剂在异位性皮炎(Oh等人,2013;Wilson等人,2013)、接触性皮炎(Liu等人,2013)、牛皮癣相关的瘙痒(Wilson等人,2013)及IL-31依赖性瘙痒(Cevikbas等人,2014)的研究中有效。人类TRPA1的功能获得与家族性间歇性疼痛综合征相关(Kremeyer等人,2010)。TRPA1拮抗剂在偏头痛相关的触摸痛的行为模型中有效(Edelmayer等人,2012)。当与使健康牙齿受神经支配的三叉神经神经节中的TRPA1表达相比时,在使损伤牙齿受神经支配的三叉神经神经节中TRPA1选择性增加(Haas等人,2011)。已知包括异氟醚的若干种麻醉剂为(Matta等人,2008)TRPA1激动剂,从而为用于减轻术后疼痛的TRPA1抑制剂提供基本原理。用TRPA1拮抗剂治疗的TRPA1基因敲除小鼠及野生型小鼠展示抗焦虑样及抗抑郁样表现型(de Moura等人,2014)。基于展示AMPK与TRPA1之间的反向调节的机制关系的研究,预期TRPA1抑制剂有益于治疗糖尿病神经病变(Hiyama等人,2018;Koivisto及Pertovaara,2013;Wang等人,2018)。与野生型小鼠相比,TRPA1基因敲除小鼠展现较小心肌梗塞尺寸(Conklin等人,2019)。TRPA1基因敲除及药理干预抑制小鼠中TNBS诱导的结肠炎(Engel等人,2011)。在小鼠大脑局部缺血模型中,TRPA1基因敲除及TRPA1拮抗剂减少髓鞘损伤(Hamilton等人,2016)。尿酸盐晶体及关节发炎在痛风的单钠尿酸盐小鼠模型中的TRPA1基因敲除小鼠中减少(Moilanen等人,2015)。大鼠中的TRPA1缺失在急性痛风红肿的大鼠模型中改善了关节发炎及痛觉过敏(Trevisan等人,2014)。TRPA1的活化引发骨关节炎软骨细胞中的发炎反应(Nummenmaa等人,2016)。TRPA1抑制及基因缺失减少骨关节炎小鼠软骨细胞及鼠类软骨中的炎性介质(Nummenmaa等人,2016)。最后,TRPA1基因敲除小鼠在MIA诱发的膝部肿胀模型中展现骨关节炎肢体上的负重改善(Horvath等人,2016)。TRPA1在膀胱上皮大鼠(Du等人,2007)中及患有膀胱出口梗阻(Du等人,2008)的患者中差异性地表达。TRPA1受体调节在脊髓损伤的大鼠模型中减弱膀胱过度活性(Andrade等人,2011),且TRPA1拮抗剂的鞘内给药减轻患有高反射性排尿(hyper-reflexiamicturition)的大鼠的环磷酰胺诱导的膀胱炎(Chen等人,2016)。
因此,需要提供有效的TRPA1抑制剂。
各种结构类别的TRPA1抑制剂综述于S.Skerratt,Progress in MedicinalChemistry,2017,第56卷,81-115及D.Preti,G.Saponaro,A.Szallasi,Pharm.Pat.Anal.(2015)4(2),75-94中。
WO2017/060488公开了作为TRPA1拮抗剂的化合物,其具有以下通用结构式
公开其中实施例53、72、73、86及90的TRPA1活性,其IC50在钙通量分析中小于100nM。
L.Schenkel等人,J.Med.Chem.2016,59,2794-2809公开了基于喹唑啉酮的TRPA1拮抗剂,其包括具有以下通用结构式的化合物
其中化合物31(其中R为OH)公开为在FLIPR分析中具有IC5058nM的拮抗TRPA1活性且在人类肝脏微粒体中具有<14μL/min/kg的内在清除率。
发明内容
具体实施方式
本发明提供新颖噻吩并嘧啶酮,其出人意料地为TRPA1(分析A)的有效抑制剂,其进一步通过以下表征
-人类肝脏微粒体(分析B)中的稳定性改善
-人类肝细胞(分析C)中的稳定性改善。
本发明的化合物与WO2017/060488中的实施例53、72、73、86及90且与L.Schenkel等人,J.Med.Chem.2016,59,2794-2809中的实施例31在结构上不同之处在于其含有具有酰胺基取代基以及邻近于次级脂族醇的取代基的噻吩并嘧啶酮核心。这些结构差异意外引起以下的有利组合:(i)TRPA1的抑制、(ii)人类肝脏微粒体中的稳定性,及(iii)人类肝细胞中的稳定性。
因此,本发明的化合物在以下参数的组合方面优于现有技术中公开的那些化合物:
-作为TRPA1抑制剂的效力
-人类肝脏微粒体中的稳定性
-人类肝细胞中的稳定性。
在人类肝脏微粒体中的稳定性是指在选择和/或设计具有有利的药代动力学特性的药物时,作为第一个筛选步骤的化合物对生物转化的易感性。许多药物的主要代谢部位是肝脏。人类肝脏微粒体含有细胞色素P450(CYP),且因此代表了用于研究体外I期药物代谢的模型系统。在人类肝脏微粒体中增强的稳定性与若干优势(包括增加的生物可用性及适当的半衰期)相关,其可实现患者的较低及较不频繁的给药。因此,人类肝脏微粒体中的增强的稳定性是待用于药物的化合物的有利特征。因此,除能够抑制TRPA1以外,本发明的化合物还预期具有有利的体内清除率且因此在人类中具有所需的作用持续时间。
人类肝细胞中的稳定性是指在选择和/或设计具有有利药物动力学特性的药物时化合物对生物转化的易感性。许多药物的主要代谢部位是肝脏。人类肝细胞含有细胞色素P450(CYP)及其他药物代谢酶,且因此代表了用于研究体外药物代谢的模型系统。(重要地,与肝脏微粒体分析相比,肝细胞分析还涵盖II期生物转化以及肝脏特异性转运体介导的过程,且因此表示用于药物代谢研究的更完整系统。)人类肝细胞中的增强的稳定性与若干优势(包括增加的生物可用性及适当的半衰期)相关,其可实现患者的较低及较不频繁的给药。因此,人类肝细胞中的增强的稳定性是待用于药物的化合物的有利特征。
本发明提供根据式(I)的新颖化合物
其中
A选自由以下组成的群:苯基、萘基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基或苯并呋喃基,其任选经由以下组成的群的一个或两个成员取代:H、F、Cl、Br、C1-4烷基、F1-3-氟-C1-4烷基、CN、OCH3、环丙基及环丁基,
或
A选自
及
R1选自H、C1-4烷基、F1-3-氟-C1-4烷基、C1-4烷基-OH或C1-4烷基-CN;
R2选自C1-2烷基或Cl;
或R1及R2各自为经由一键接合的CH2,从而形成6元环。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及一种式(I)化合物,其中A选自由以下组成的群:苯基或苯并呋喃基,其任选经由以下组成的群的一个或两个成员取代:H、F、Cl、Br、C1-4烷基、F1-3-氟-C1-4烷基、CN、OCH3、环丙基及环丁基,
或
A选自
且取代基R1及R2为如前述实施方案中的任一者中所定义。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及一种式(I)化合物,其中A选自由以下组成的群:苯基或苯并呋喃基,其任选经由以下组成的群的一个或两个成员取代:H、F、Cl及CH3;
或
A选自
且取代基R1及R2为如前述实施方案中的任一者中所定义。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及一种式(I)化合物,其中A选自由以下组成的群:
且取代基R1及R2为如前述实施方案中的任一者中所定义。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及一种式(I)化合物,其中R1选自由以下组成的群:H、CH3、CH2CHF2或CH2C(CH3)2OH;且取代基A及R2为如前述实施方案中的任一者中所定义。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及一种式(I)化合物,其中R2为-CH3;且取代基A及R1为如前述实施方案中的任一者中所定义。
优选为式(I)化合物,其选自由以下组成的群:
且取代基A为如前述实施方案中的任一者中所定义。
特别优选为根据式(I)的化合物的(S)-对映异构体,其选自由以下组成的群:
所使用的术语及定义
未在本文中特定定义的术语应被赋予本领域技术人员鉴于本发明及上下文将对其赋予的含义。然而,如本说明书中所使用,除非相反地说明,否则以下术语具有指定的含义且将遵守以下惯例。
在下文定义的基团(group/radical)或部分中,通常在基团之前指定碳原子数目,例如C1-6烷基意谓具有1至6个碳原子的烷基(alkyl group/radical)。一般而言,在如HO、H2N、(O)S、(O)2S、NC(氰基)、HOOC、F3C或类似者的基团中,本领域技术人员可自基团本身的自由价数看出分子的基团连接点。对于包含两个或更多个亚基的组合基团,最后命名的亚基为基团连接点,例如取代基“芳基-C1-3烷基”意谓与C1-3烷基-键合的芳基,该C1-3烷基-与核心或与取代基所连接的基团键合。
在本发明的化合物以化学名称及化学式形式描绘的情况下,若有任何不一致,则应以化学式为准。星号可用于子式中以指示连接至如所定义的核心分子的键。
取代基原子的记数始于最接近核心或最接近取代基所连接的基团的原子。
举例而言,术语“3-羧丙基-”表示以下取代基:
其中羧基连接至丙基的第三个碳原子。术语“1-甲基丙基-”、“2,2-二甲基丙基-”或“环丙基甲基-”表示以下基团:
星号可用于子式中以指示连接至如所定义的核心分子的键。
术语“C1-n烷基”(其中n选自2、3、4或5的整数)单独或与另一个基团组合表示具有1至n个C原子的非环状饱和分支链或直链烃基。举例而言,术语C1-5烷基包涵基团H3C-、H3C-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2-、H3C-C(CH3)2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-、H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH2-C(CH3)2-、H3C-C(CH3)2-CH2-、H3C-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-及H3C-CH2-CH(CH2CH3)-。
术语“F1-m-氟-C1-n烷基”(其中m选自2或3的整数且n选自2、3、4或5的整数)表示如上文所定义的C1-n烷基,其中一或多个氢原子经1至m个氟置换。举例而言,F1-3-氟-C1-2烷基包涵基团FH2C-、F2HC-、F3C-、FH2C-H2C-、F2HC-H2C-、F3C-H2C-、FH2C-FHC-、FH2C-F2C-、F2HC-FHC-、H3C-FHC-及H3C-F2C-。
术语苯基是指以下环的基团
术语萘基是指以下环的基团
术语噻吩基是指以下环的基团
术语苯并噻吩基是指以下环的基团
术语噻吩并嘧啶酮是指以下环的基团
且包括
术语苯并呋喃基是指以下环的基团
术语环丙基是指以下环的基团
△。
术语环丁基是指以下环的基团
□。
如本文中所使用的术语“经取代”意谓指定原子上的任何一或多个氢经来自所指示基团的选择置换,其限制条件为不超出指定原子的正常价,且取代产生稳定的化合物。
除非特定指示,否则在整个说明书及随附权利要求书中,给定化学式或名称应涵盖互变异构体及所有立体、光学及几何异构体(例如,对映异构体、非对映异构体、E/Z异构体等)及其外消旋体,以及单独对映异构体的不同比例的混合物、非对映异构体的混合物或其中存在这些异构体及对映异构体的任何上述形式的混合物,以及其盐(包括其药学上可接受的盐)及溶剂合物(诸如水合物),包括游离化合物的溶剂合物或化合物的盐的溶剂合物。
一般而言,可根据本领域技术人员已知的合成原理,例如通过分离对应混合物、通过使用立体化学纯的起始物质和/或通过立体选择性合成来获得实质上纯的立体异构体。本领域已知如何制备光学活性形式,诸如通过外消旋形式的拆分或通过合成,例如,自光学活性起始物质开始和/或通过使用手性试剂。
可经由不对称合成来制备本发明的对映异构性纯化合物或中间体,例如通过制备及后续分离可通过已知方法(例如,通过色谱分离或结晶)分离的适当非对映异构化合物或中间体,和/或通过使用手性试剂(诸如手性起始物质、手性催化剂或手性助剂)。
此外,本领域技术人员已知如何由对应外消旋混合物制备对映异构性纯化合物,诸如通过在手性固定相上色谱分离对应外消旋混合物;或通过使用适当拆分剂来拆分外消旋混合物,例如借助于外消旋化合物与光学活性酸或碱一起形成非对映异构盐,随后拆分所述盐且自该盐释放所需化合物;或通过用光学活性手性辅助试剂衍生对应外消旋化合物,随后进行非对映异构体分离且移除手性辅助基团;或通过动力学拆分外消旋体(例如,通过酶拆分);通过在适合条件下自同形异向晶体的聚结物进行对映体选择性结晶;或通过在光学活性手性助剂的存在下自适合溶剂进行(部分)结晶。
词组“药学上可接受”在本文中用于指在合理医学判断范畴内适合使用而无过度毒性、刺激、过敏反应或其他问题或并发症且与合理益处/风险比相称的那些化合物、材料、组合物和/或剂型。
如本文中所使用,“药学上可接受的盐”是指所公开化合物的衍生物,其中母体化合物与酸或碱形成盐或复合物。
与含有碱性部分的母体化合物一起形成药学上可接受的盐的酸的实施例包括无机酸或有机酸,诸如苯磺酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、乙磺酸、反丁烯二酸、龙胆酸、氢溴酸、氢氯酸、顺丁烯二酸、苹果酸、丙二酸、杏仁酸、甲磺酸、4-甲基-苯磺酸、磷酸、水杨酸、丁二酸、硫酸及酒石酸。
与含有酸性部分的母体化合物一起形成药学上可接受的盐的阳离子及碱的实施例包括Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、NH4 +、L-精氨酸、2,2'-亚胺双乙醇、L-赖氨酸、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺或三(羟甲基)-氨基甲烷。本发明的药学上可接受的盐可由含有碱性或酸性部分的母体化合物通过常规化学方法合成。一般而言,可通过使这些化合物的游离酸或游离碱形式与足够量的适当碱或酸在水或有机稀释剂(如乙醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、异丙醇或乙腈)或其混合物中反应来制备这些盐。
除了例如适用于纯化或分离本发明的化合物(例如,三氟乙酸盐)的上文提及的那些酸以外的其他酸的盐亦包含本发明的部分。
生物分析
分析A:TRPA1分析
可使用以下体外TRPA1细胞分析来证实本发明化合物的活性:
方法:
过度表达人类TRPA1离子通道的人类HEK293细胞株(Perkin Elmer,产品编号AX-004-PCL)用作化合物功效及效力的测试系统。通过在FLIPRtetra系统(MolecularDevices)中测量化合物对由AITC(异硫氰酸烯丙酯(Allylisothiocyanat))激动作用诱导的胞内钙浓度的影响来测定化合物活性。
细胞培养:
在低温小瓶中获得呈冷冻细胞形式的细胞且将其储存直至在-150℃下使用为止。
使细胞在培养基(具有10%FCS及0.4mg/ML遗传霉素(Geneticin)的MEM/EBSS培养基)中生长。重要的是密度不超出90%汇合率。为了传代培养,由Versene(EDTA溶液)将细胞自烧瓶剥离。在分析之前一天,将细胞剥离,用培养基(具有10%FCS的MEM/EBSS培养基)洗涤两次且以20微升/孔将20000个细胞接种至来自Corning的经多聚D-溶素(Poly D-Lysin)生物涂布的384孔盘(黑色,透明底部,目录号356697)。在用于分析之前,将盘在37℃/5%CO2下培养24小时。
化合物制备
将测试化合物以10mM的浓度溶解于100%DMSO中,且在第一步骤中稀释于DMSO中,达5mM的浓度,随后为在100%DMSO中进行的连续稀释步骤。稀释因子及稀释步骤的数目可根据需要而变化。通常,制备8种不同浓度的1:5稀释液,物质的其他中间体稀释液(1:20)利用HBSS/HEPES缓冲液(1×HEPES,来自Gibco的目录号14065;20mM HEPES,来自SIGMA的目录号83264;0.1%BSA,来自Invitrogen的目录号11926),pH 7.4进行。
FLIPR分析:
在分析日,将细胞用分析缓冲液洗涤3次,在洗涤之后使20μL缓冲液保留在孔中。将含10μL Ca6试剂盒(目录号R8191,MolecularDevices)负载缓冲液的HBSS/HEPES添加至细胞中且将盘罩盖着在37℃/5%CO2下一起培养120分钟。将含10μL化合物或对照的来自中间体稀释液盘的HBSS/HEPES缓冲液/5%DMSO谨慎地添加至孔中。在FLIPRtetra装置上读取发光(指示钙流入或释放)10分钟,以监测化合物诱导的效果(例如,激动作用)。最后,将溶解于HBSS/HEPES缓冲液/0.05%DMSO中的10μL激动剂AITC 50μM(最终浓度10μM)添加至孔中,随后在FLIPRtetra装置上额外读取10分钟。在AITC添加之后,信号曲线下面积(AUC)为用于IC50/抑制%计算。
数据评估及计算:
各分析微量滴定盘含有具有媒剂(1%DMSO)对照而非化合物作为AITC诱导的发光的对照(100%CTL;高对照)的孔;及具有媒剂对照而无AITC作为发光的非特异性变化的对照(0%CTL;低对照)的孔。
通过计算个别孔的信号曲线下面积来进行数据分析。基于此值,使用MegaLab软件(内部研发)计算各物质浓度测量值%(AUC(样品)-AUC(低))*100/(AUC(高)-AUC(低))。使用MegaLab软件,根据对照值%计算IC50值。计算:[y=(a-d)/(1+(x/c)^b)+d],a=低值,d=高值;x=浓度M;c=IC50M;b=希尔(hill);y=对照%
表1:如分析A中所获得的本发明化合物的生物数据。
表2:如分析A中所获得的现有技术化合物(WO2017/060488中的实施例53、72、73、86、90)的生物数据。
表3:如分析A中所获得的现有技术化合物(L.Schenkel等人,J.Med.Chem.2016,59,2794-2809中的实施例31)的生物数据。
分析B:微粒体清除率:
在37℃下用混合的肝脏微粒体分析测试化合物的代谢降解。每个时间点的100μl最终培养体积含有处于RT的TRIS缓冲液pH 7.6(0.1M)、氯化镁(5mM)、微粒体蛋白(1mg/ml)及最终浓度为1μM的测试化合物。
在37℃下的短预培养时段之后,反应为通过添加还原形式的β-烟碱酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH,1mM)起始且通过在不同时间点(0、5、15、30、60min)后将等分试样转移至溶剂中来终止。另外,在不具有NADPH的培养时监测NADPH非依赖性降解,在最后时间点终止。NADPH非依赖性培养之后的剩余测试化合物[%]由参数c(对照)(代谢稳定性)反映。通过离心(10000g,5min)来集结经淬灭的培养物。
通过LC-MS/MS分析上清液的等分试样中的母体化合物量。通过浓度-时间特征曲线的半对数绘图的斜率来测定半衰期(t1/2体外)。
通过考虑蛋白质于培养物中的量来计算内在清除率(CL_INTRINSIC):
CL_INTRINSIC[μl/min/mg蛋白质]=(Ln 2/(半衰期[min]*蛋白质含量[mg/ml]))*1000
CL_INTRINSIC_INVIVO[ml/min/kg]=(CL_INTRINSIC[μL/min/mg蛋白质]×MPPGL[毫克蛋白质/公克肝脏]×肝脏因子[g/kg体重])/1000
Qh[%]=CL[ml/min/kg]/肝血流量[ml/min/kg]
人类的肝细胞性:120×10e6个细胞/公克肝脏
人类的肝脏因子:25.7g/kg体重
人类的血流量:21ml/(min×kg)
表4:如分析B中所获得的本发明化合物的生物数据。
实施例 | 人类LM[%Qh] |
1 | 29 |
2 | <23 |
3 | <23 |
4 | <23 |
5 | <23 |
6 | <23 |
7 | 23 |
8 | <23 |
9 | 29 |
10 | <23 |
11 | <23 |
12 | 24 |
13 | <23 |
14 | <23 |
15 | <23 |
16 | <23 |
表5:如分析B中所获得的现有技术化合物(WO2017/060488中的实施例53、72、73、86、90)的生物数据。
表6:如分析B中所获得的现有技术化合物(L.Schenkel等人,J.Med.Chem.2016,59,2794-2809中的实施例31)的生物数据。
分析C:肝细胞清除率
在肝细胞悬浮液中分析测试化合物的代谢降解。将肝细胞(冷冻保存)培养于含有5%或50%物种血清的杜尔贝科改良伊格尔培养基(Dulbecco′s modified eagle medium)(补充有3.5μg升糖素/500mL、2.5mg胰岛素/500mL及3.75mg/500mL氢皮质酮(hydrocortison))。
在培养箱(37℃,10%CO2)中预培养30min之后,将5μl测试化合物溶液(80μM;用培养基自2mM的DMSO储备溶液以1:25稀释)添加至395μl肝细胞悬浮液中(视物种而定,细胞密度在0.25-5Mio细胞/毫升范围内,通常为1Mio细胞/毫升;测试化合物的最终浓度为1μM,最终DMSO浓度为0.05%)。
培养细胞六小时(培养箱,回旋震荡器),且在0、0.5、1、2、4及6小时时取出样品(25μl)。将样品转移至乙腈中且通过离心(5min)集结。将上清液转移至新的96深孔盘,在氮气下蒸发且再悬浮。
通过LC-MS/MS来分析母体化合物的减少
如下计算CLint:CL_INTRINSIC=剂量/AUC=(C0/CD)/(AUD+clast/k)×1000/60。C0:培养时的初始浓度[μM],CD:活细胞的细胞密度[10e6个细胞/毫升],AUD:数据下面积[μM×h],clast:最后一个数据点的浓度[μM],k:用于亲本减少的回归线的斜率[h-1]。
所计算的体外肝内在清除率可按比例扩大为体内内在肝清除率,且用于通过使用肝脏模型(良好搅拌模型)来预测体内肝血液清除率(CL)。
CL_INTRINSIC_INVIVO[ml/min/kg]=(CL_INTRINSIC[μL/min/10e6个细胞]×肝细胞性[10e6个细胞/公克肝脏]×肝脏因子[g/kg体重])/1000
CL[ml/min/kg]=CL_INTRINSIC_INVIVO[ml/min/kg]×肝血流量[ml/min/kg]/(CL_INTRINSIC_INVIVO[ml/min/kg]+肝血流量[ml/min/kg])
Qh[%]=CL[ml/min/kg]/肝血流量[ml/min/kg]
人类的肝细胞性:120×10e6个细胞/公克肝脏
人类的肝脏因子:25.7g/kg体重
人类的血流量:21ml/(min×kg)
表7:如分析C中所获得的本发明化合物的生物数据。
表8:如分析C中所获得的现有技术化合物(WO2017/060488中的实施例53、72、73、86、90)的生物数据。
表9:如分析C中所获得的现有技术化合物(L.Schenkel等人,J.Med.Chem.2016,59,2794-2809中的实施例31)的生物数据。
治疗方法
本发明涉及通式1的化合物,其适用于预防和/或治疗与TRPA1活性相关或由TRPA1活性调节的疾病和/或病状,包括(但不限于)治疗和/或预防纤维化疾病、炎性及免疫调节病症、呼吸道或胃肠道疾病或不适、眼科疾病、关节的炎性疾病以及鼻咽、眼睛及皮肤的炎性疾病。所述病症、疾病及不适包括咳嗽、特发性肺纤维化、其他肺间质性疾病及其他纤维化、哮喘或过敏性疾病、嗜酸性球性疾病、慢性阻塞性肺病以及自体免疫性病变(诸如类风湿性关节炎及动脉粥样硬化)、疼痛及神经病症(诸如抑郁)。
通式1的化合物适用于预防和/或治疗:
(1)咳嗽,诸如慢性特发性咳嗽或慢性难治性咳嗽、与哮喘相关的咳嗽、COPD及肺癌以及病毒后咳嗽。
(2)肺纤维化疾病,诸如肺炎或与胶原性疾病相关的间质性肺炎(例如,红斑狼疮、全身性硬皮病、类风湿性关节炎、多发性肌炎及皮肌炎(dermatomysitis))、特发性间质性肺炎(诸如特发性肺纤维化(IPF))、非特异性间质性肺炎、呼吸性细支气管炎相关的间质性肺病、落屑性间质性肺炎(desquamative interstitial pneumonia)、隐原性机化性肺炎(cryptogenic orgainizing pneumonia)、急性间质性肺炎及淋巴球性间质性肺炎、淋巴管肌瘤病(lymangioleiomyomatosis)、肺泡性蛋白沉积症(pulmonary alveolarproteinosis)、兰格汉氏细胞组织细胞增生症(Langerhan's cell histiocytosis)、胸膜实质纤维弹性组织增生症(pleural parenchymal fibroelastosis)、已知病因的间质性肺病,诸如因职业暴露而引起的间质性肺炎,诸如石棉沉着病(asbestosis)、硅肺病(silicosis)、矿工肺(煤尘)、农民肺(干草及霉菌)、养鸽人肺(鸟类)或其他职业表演者触发物(诸如金属灰尘或分枝杆菌),或因治疗(诸如辐射、甲胺喋呤(methotrexate)、胺碘酮、呋喃妥因(nitrofurantoin)或化学治疗剂)引起的间质性肺炎,或针对肉芽肿性疾病的间质性肺炎,诸如肉芽肿性多血管炎(granulomatosis with polyangitis)、彻奇-斯全司综合征(Churg-Strauss syndrome)、类肉瘤病、过敏性肺炎,或由不同来源引起的间质性肺炎,所述来源例如抽吸、毒性气体的吸入、蒸气、支气管炎或肺炎,或由心衰竭、X射线、辐射、化学疗法、结节病(M.boeck)或类肉瘤病、肉芽肿病、囊肿性纤维化或黏液黏稠病或α-1-抗胰蛋白酶不足引起的间质性肺炎。
(3)其他纤维化疾病,诸如肝桥接纤维化、肝硬化、非酒精性脂肪变性肝炎(NASH)、心房纤维化、心内膜心肌纤维化、陈旧性心肌梗塞、胶质疤痕、动脉僵硬、关节纤维化、杜普宜特朗氏挛缩(Dupuytren's contracture)、瘢痕瘤、硬皮病/全身性硬化症、纵隔纤维化、骨髓纤维化、佩洛尼氏病(Peyronie's disease)、肾源性系统性纤维化、腹膜后纤维化、黏连性囊炎。
(4)炎性、自体免疫或过敏性疾病及病状,诸如过敏性或非过敏性鼻炎或鼻窦炎、慢性鼻窦炎或鼻炎、鼻息肉病、慢性鼻窦炎、急性鼻窦炎、哮喘、儿童哮喘、过敏性支气管炎、肺泡炎、高敏性气道(hyperreactive airway)、过敏性结膜炎、支气管扩张、成人呼吸窘迫综合征、支气管及肺水肿、支气管炎或肺炎、嗜酸性球性蜂巢组织炎(eosinophiliccellulites)(例如,维尔氏综合征(Well's syndrome))、嗜酸性球性肺炎(例如,吕弗勒氏综合征(Loeffler's syndrome)、慢性嗜酸性球性肺炎)、嗜酸性球性筋膜炎(例如,舒尔曼氏综合征(Shulman's syndrome))、迟发型过敏症、非过敏性哮喘;运动诱导的支气管收缩;慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、急性支气管炎、慢性支气管炎、咳嗽、肺气肿;全身性过敏反应或超敏反应、药物过敏(例如,对青霉素、头孢菌素过敏)、由于摄入经污染的色氨酸而引起的嗜酸细胞增多性肌痛综合征(eosinophiliamyalgia syndrome)、昆虫蜇伤过敏;自体免疫性疾病,诸如类风湿性关节炎、格雷夫氏病(Graves'disease)、休格连氏综合征(Sjogren'ssyndrome)、牛皮癣性关节炎、多发性硬化症、全身性红斑性狼疮症、重症肌无力、免疫血小板减少症(成年ITP、新生儿血小板减少症、儿童ITP)、免疫溶血性贫血(自体免疫及药物诱导)、伊凡氏综合征(Evans syndrome)(血小板及红血球免疫血细胞减少症)、新生儿的Rh疾病、古巴斯德氏综合征(Goodpasture's syndrome)(抗GBM疾病)、腹泻、自体免疫性心脏肌病青少年发病型糖尿病(autoimmune cardio-myopathy juvenile onset diabete);丝球体肾炎、自体免疫甲状腺炎、白塞氏病(Behcet's disease);移植排斥反应(例如,移植中),包括同种异体移植排斥反应或移植物抗宿主病;炎性肠病,诸如克罗恩氏病(Crohn'sdisease)及溃疡性结肠炎;脊椎关节病;硬皮病;牛皮癣(包括T细胞介导的牛皮癣)及炎性皮肤病,诸如皮炎、湿疹、异位性皮炎、过敏性接触性皮炎、荨麻疹;血管炎(例如,坏死性血管炎、皮肤血管炎及超敏血管炎);结节性红斑;嗜酸性球性肌炎、嗜酸性球性筋膜炎、患有皮肤或器官的白血球浸润的癌症;眼科疾病,诸如年龄相关黄斑变性、糖尿病性视网膜病变及糖尿病黄斑水肿、角膜炎、嗜酸性球性角膜炎、角膜结膜炎、春季角膜结膜炎、疤痕、前段疤痕(anterior segment scarring)、睑炎、睑结膜炎、大疱性病症、瘢痕性类天疱疮、结膜黑素瘤、乳头状结膜炎、干眼、上巩膜炎、青光眼、神经胶瘤病、环状肉芽肿(Granulomaannulare)、格雷夫氏眼病(Graves'ophthalmopathy)、眼内黑素瘤、结膜黄斑、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy)、翼状胬肉(pterygia)、巩膜炎、葡萄膜炎、急性痛风红肿、痛风或骨关节炎。
(5)疼痛,诸如慢性特发性疼痛综合征、神经痛、感觉迟钝、触摸痛、偏头痛、牙痛及术后疼痛。
(6)抑郁、焦虑、糖尿病神经病变及膀胱病症,诸如膀胱出口梗阻、膀胱过动症、膀胱炎;心肌再灌注损伤或大脑局部缺血损伤。
因此,本发明涉及一种通式1的化合物,其用作药剂。
此外,本发明涉及一种通式1的化合物的用途,其用于治疗和/或预防与TRPA1活性相关或由TRPA1活性调节的疾病和/或病状。
此外,本发明涉及一种通式1的化合物的用途,其用于治疗和/或预防纤维化疾病、炎性及免疫调节病症、呼吸道或胃肠道疾病或不适、眼科疾病、关节的炎性疾病以及鼻咽、眼睛及皮肤的炎性疾病。所述病症、疾病及不适包括咳嗽、特发性肺纤维化、其他肺间质性疾病及其他纤维化、哮喘或过敏性疾病、嗜酸性球性疾病、慢性阻塞性肺病以及自体免疫性病变,诸如类风湿性关节炎及动脉粥样硬化。
此外,本发明涉及一种通式1的化合物的用途,其用于治疗和/或预防:
(1)咳嗽,诸如慢性特发性咳嗽或慢性难治性咳嗽、与哮喘相关的咳嗽、COPD及肺癌以及病毒后咳嗽。
(2)肺纤维化疾病,诸如肺炎或与胶原性疾病相关的间质性肺炎(例如,红斑狼疮、全身性硬皮病、类风湿性关节炎、多发性肌炎及皮肌炎)、特发性间质性肺炎(诸如特发性肺纤维化(IPF))、非特异性间质性肺炎、呼吸性细支气管炎相关的间质性肺病、落屑性间质性肺炎、隐原性机化性肺炎、急性间质性肺炎及淋巴球性间质性肺炎、淋巴管肌瘤病、肺泡性蛋白沉积症、兰格汉氏细胞组织细胞增生症、胸膜实质纤维弹性组织增生症、已知病因的间质性肺病,诸如因职业暴露而引起的间质性肺炎,诸如石棉沉着病、硅肺病、矿工肺(煤尘)、农民肺(干草及霉菌)、养鸽人肺(鸟类)或其他职业表演者触发物(诸如金属灰尘或分枝杆菌),或因治疗(诸如辐射、甲胺喋呤、胺碘酮、呋喃妥因或化学治疗剂)引起的间质性肺炎,或针对肉芽肿性疾病的间质性肺炎,诸如肉芽肿性多血管炎、彻奇-斯全司综合征、类肉瘤病、过敏性肺炎,或由不同来源引起的间质性肺炎,所述来源例如抽吸、毒性气体的吸入、蒸气、支气管炎或肺炎,或由心衰竭、X射线、辐射、化学疗法、结节病或类肉瘤病、肉芽肿病、囊肿性纤维化或黏液黏稠病或α-1-抗胰蛋白酶不足引起的间质性肺炎。
(3)其他纤维化疾病,诸如肝桥接纤维化、肝硬化、非酒精性脂肪变性肝炎(NASH)、心房纤维化、心内膜心肌纤维化、陈旧性心肌梗塞、胶质疤痕、动脉僵硬、关节纤维化、杜普宜特朗氏挛缩、瘢痕瘤、硬皮病/全身性硬化症、纵隔纤维化、骨髓纤维化、佩洛尼氏病、肾源性系统性纤维化、腹膜后纤维化、黏连性囊炎。
(4)炎性、自体免疫或过敏性疾病及病状,诸如过敏性或非过敏性鼻炎或鼻窦炎、慢性鼻窦炎或鼻炎、鼻息肉病、慢性鼻窦炎、急性鼻窦炎、哮喘、儿童哮喘、过敏性支气管炎、肺泡炎、高敏性气道、过敏性结膜炎、支气管扩张、成人呼吸窘迫综合征、支气管及肺水肿、支气管炎或肺炎、嗜酸性球性蜂巢组织炎(例如,维尔氏综合征)、嗜酸性球性肺炎(例如,吕弗勒氏综合征、慢性嗜酸性球性肺炎)、嗜酸性球性筋膜炎(例如,舒尔曼氏综合征)、迟发型过敏症、非过敏性哮喘;运动诱导的支气管收缩;慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、急性支气管炎、慢性支气管炎、咳嗽、肺气肿;全身性过敏反应或超敏反应、药物过敏(例如,对青霉素、头孢菌素过敏)、由于摄入经污染的色氨酸而引起的嗜酸细胞增多性肌痛综合征、昆虫蜇伤过敏;自体免疫性疾病,诸如类风湿性关节炎、格雷夫氏病、休格连氏综合征、牛皮癣性关节炎、多发性硬化症、全身性红斑性狼疮症、重症肌无力、免疫血小板减少症(成年ITP、新生儿血小板减少症、儿童ITP)、免疫溶血性贫血(自体免疫及药物诱导)、伊凡氏综合征(血小板及红血球免疫血细胞减少症)、新生儿的Rh疾病、古巴斯德氏综合征(抗GBM疾病)、腹泻、自体免疫性心脏肌病青少年发病型糖尿病;丝球体肾炎、自体免疫甲状腺炎、白塞氏病;移植排斥反应(例如,移植中),包括同种异体移植排斥反应或移植物抗宿主病;炎性肠病,诸如克罗恩氏病及溃疡性结肠炎;脊椎关节病;硬皮病;牛皮癣(包括T细胞介导的牛皮癣)及炎性皮肤病,诸如皮炎、湿疹、异位性皮炎、过敏性接触性皮炎、荨麻疹;血管炎(例如,坏死性血管炎、皮肤血管炎及超敏血管炎);结节性红斑;嗜酸性球性肌炎、嗜酸性球性筋膜炎、患有皮肤或器官的白血球浸润的癌症;眼科疾病,诸如年龄相关黄斑变性、糖尿病性视网膜病变及糖尿病黄斑水肿、角膜炎、嗜酸性球性角膜炎、角膜结膜炎、春季角膜结膜炎、疤痕、前段疤痕、睑炎、睑结膜炎、大疱性病症、瘢痕性类天疱疮、结膜黑素瘤、乳头状结膜炎、干眼、上巩膜炎、青光眼、神经胶瘤病、环状肉芽肿、格雷夫氏眼病、眼内黑素瘤、结膜黄斑、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变、翼状胬肉、巩膜炎、葡萄膜炎、急性痛风红肿、痛风或骨关节炎。
(5)疼痛,诸如慢性特发性疼痛综合征、神经痛、感觉迟钝、触摸痛、偏头痛、牙痛及术后疼痛。
(6)抑郁、焦虑、糖尿病神经病变及膀胱病症,诸如膀胱出口梗阻、膀胱过动症、膀胱炎;心肌再灌注损伤或大脑局部缺血损伤。
在另一方面中,本发明涉及一种通式1的化合物,其用于治疗和/或预防上文所提及的疾病及病状。
在另一方面中,本发明涉及一种通式1的化合物的用途,其用于制备用于治疗和/或预防上文所提及的疾病及病状的药剂。
在本发明的另一方面中,本发明涉及用于治疗或预防上文所提及的疾病及病状的方法,该方法包含向人类施用有效量的通式1化合物。
组合疗法
本发明的化合物可进一步与一种或多种,优选一种额外治疗剂组合。根据一个实施方案,额外治疗剂选自以下的群:适用于治疗上文所描述,特别是与纤维化疾病、炎性及免疫调节病症、呼吸道或胃肠道疾病或不适、关节或鼻咽、眼睛及皮肤的炎性疾病或病状(诸如咳嗽)、特发性肺纤维化、其他肺间质性疾病、哮喘或过敏性疾病、嗜酸性球性疾病、慢性阻塞性肺病、异位性皮炎以及自体免疫性病变(诸如类风湿性关节炎及动脉粥样硬化)相关的疾病或病状的治疗剂;或适用于治疗眼科疾病、疼痛及抑郁的治疗剂。
适用于此类组合的额外治疗剂特别是包括例如强化关于所提及的适应症中之一者的一种或多种活性物质的治疗效果和/或使一种或多种活性物质的剂量减少的那些治疗剂。
因此,本发明的化合物可与一种或多种选自由以下组成的群的额外治疗剂组合:抗纤维化剂、抗咳嗽剂、抗炎剂、抗异位性皮炎剂、镇痛剂、抗惊厥剂、抗焦虑剂、镇静剂、骨骼肌松弛剂或抗抑郁剂。
抗纤维化剂例如为尼达尼布(nintedanib)、吡非尼酮(pirfenidone)、磷酸二酯酶-IV(PDE4)抑制剂(诸如罗氟司特(roflumilast))、自分泌运动因子抑制剂(诸如GLPG-1690或BBT-877);结缔组织生长因子(connective tissue growth factor;CTGF)阻断抗体,诸如潘瑞鲁单抗(Pamrevlumab);B细胞活化因子受体(BAFF-R)阻断抗体,诸如兰拉鲁单抗(Lanalumab);α-V/β-6阻断抑制剂(诸如BG-00011/STX-100)、重组正五聚素蛋白-2(PTX-2)(诸如PRM-151);c-Jun N端激酶(JNK)抑制剂,诸如CC-90001;半乳糖凝集素-3抑制剂,诸如TD-139;G蛋白偶联受体84(GPR84)抑制剂,诸如GLPG-1205;G蛋白偶联受体84/G蛋白偶联受体40双抑制剂,诸如PBI-4050;Rho相关含有卷曲螺旋的蛋白激酶2(ROCK2)抑制剂,诸如KD-025;热休克蛋白47(HSP47)小干扰RNA,诸如BMS-986263/ND-L02-s0201;Wnt路径抑制剂,诸如SM-04646;LD4/PDE3/4抑制剂,诸如泰鲁司特(Tipelukast);组氨酰基tRNA合成酶(HARS)的重组免疫调节域,诸如ATYR-1923;前列腺素合成酶抑制剂,诸如ZL-2102/SAR-191801;15-羟基-二十碳五烯酸(15-HEPE,例如DS-102);赖氨酰氧化酶样2(LOXL2)抑制剂,诸如PAT-1251、PXS-5382/PXS-5338;磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin;mTOR)双抑制剂,诸如HEC-68498;钙蛋白酶抑制剂,诸如BLD-2660;促分裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinasekinase kinase,MAP3K19)抑制剂,诸如MG-S-2525;壳质酶抑制剂,诸如OATD-01;经促分裂原活化蛋白激酶活化的蛋白激酶2(MAPKAPK2)抑制剂,诸如MMI-0100;转型生长因子β1(TGF-β1)小干扰RNA,诸如TRK250/BNC-1021;或溶血磷脂酸受体拮抗剂,诸如BMS-986278。
抗咳嗽剂例如为嘌呤受体3(P2X3)受体拮抗剂,诸如吉法匹生(gefapixant)、S-600918、BAY-1817080或BLU-5937;神经激肽1(NK-1)受体拮抗剂,诸如奥维匹坦(Orvepitant)、阿瑞匹坦(Aprepitant);烟碱酸乙酰胆碱受体α7亚单位刺激剂,诸如ATA-101/布达尼宁(bradanicline);可待因(codeine)、加巴喷丁(gabapentin)、普瑞巴林(pregablin)或阿奇霉素(azithromycin)。
抗炎剂例如为皮质类固醇,诸如普赖苏秾(prednisolone)或地塞米松(dexamethasone);环加氧酶-2(COX2)抑制剂,诸如塞内昔布(celecoxib)、罗非考昔(rofecoxib)、帕瑞考昔(parecoxib)、伐地考昔(valdecoxib)、地拉考昔(deracoxib)、依托考昔(etoricoxib)或卢米罗可(lumiracoxib);前列腺素E2拮抗剂;白三烯B4拮抗剂;白三烯D4拮抗剂,诸如孟鲁司特(monteleukast);5-脂肪加氧酶抑制剂;或其他非类固醇抗炎剂(NSAID),诸如阿司匹灵(aspirin)、双氯芬酸(diclofenac)、二氟尼柳(diflunisal)、依托度酸(etodolac)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)或吲哚美辛(indomethacin)。
抗异位性皮炎剂例如为环孢素(cyclosporin)、甲胺喋呤、霉酚酸吗啉乙酯(mycophenolate mofetil)、硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine)、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(例如,阿普司特(apremilast)、克里博罗(crisaborole))、Janus相关激酶(JAK)抑制剂(例如,托法替尼(tofacitinib))、抗IL-4/IL-13的中和抗体(例如,杜比拉单抗(dupilamab))、IL-13(例如,雷布瑞奇单抗(lebrikizumab)、塔罗金单抗(tralokinumab))及IL-31(尼立珠单抗(nemolizumab))。
镇痛剂例如为类阿片类型的镇痛剂,诸如吗啡、氧化吗啡、左旋丹皮酚(levopanol)、羟考酮、丙氧吩(propoxyphene)、纳美芬(nalmefene)、芬太尼(fentanyl)、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮(hydromorphone)、美利皮定(meripidine)、美沙酮(methadone)、纳洛芬(nalorphine)、纳洛酮(naloxone)、纳曲酮(naltrexone)、丁丙诺啡(buprenorphine)、布托啡诺(butorphanol)、纳布啡(nalbuphine)、喷他佐辛(pentazocine);或非类阿片类型的镇痛剂,诸如乙酰芬尼明(acetophenamine)。
抗抑郁剂例如为三环抗抑郁剂,诸如阿米替林(amitriptyline)、氯米帕明(clomipramine)、去甲丙咪嗪(despramine)、多塞平(doxepin)、地昔帕明(desipramine)、伊米帕明(imipramine)、去甲替林(nortriptyline);选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂抗抑郁剂(SSRI),诸如氟西汀(fluoxetine)、帕罗西汀(paroxetine)、舍曲林(sertraline)、西它普兰(citalopram)、艾司西酞普(escitalopram);去甲肾上腺素再吸收抑制剂抗抑郁剂(SNRI),诸如麦普替林(maprotiline)、洛夫帕明(lofepramine)、米氮平(mirtazapine)、羟丙替林(oxaprotiline)、非佐拉明(fezolamine)、托莫西汀(tomoxetine)、米安色林(mianserin)、丁胺苯丙酮(buproprion)、羟基丁胺苯丙酮(hydroxybuproprion)、诺米芬辛(nomifensine)、维洛沙嗪(viloxazine);双血清素-去甲肾上腺素再吸收抑制剂抗抑郁剂(SNRI),诸如度洛西汀(duloxetine)、文拉法辛(venlafaxine)、去甲文拉法辛(desvenlafaxine)、左米那普仑(levomilnacipran);非典型抗抑郁剂,诸如曲唑酮(trazodone)、米氮平、沃替西汀(vortioxetine)、维拉唑酮(vilazodone)、安非他酮(bupropion);或单胺氧化酶抑制剂抗抑郁剂(MAOI),诸如反苯环丙胺(tranylcypromine)、苯乙肼(phenelzine)或异卡波肼(isocarboxazid)。
抗焦虑剂例如为苯并二氮杂卓(benzodiazepine),诸如阿普唑仑(alprazolam)、溴西泮(bromazepam)、氯氮卓(chlordiazepoxide)、氯硝西泮(clonazepam)、氯氮平酸盐(clorazepate)、安定(diazepam)、弗西泮(flurazepam)、劳拉西泮(lorazepam)、奥沙西泮(oxazepam)、替马西泮(temazepam)、三唑仑(triazolam)或托非索泮(tofisopam);或其为非苯并二氮杂卓催眠药,诸如艾司佐匹克隆(eszopiclone)、扎来普隆(zaleplon)、唑吡坦(zolpidem)或佐匹克隆(zopiclone);或其为氨基甲酸酯,例如美普巴(meprobamate)、肌安宁(carisoprodol)、泰巴胺酯(tybamate)或劳胺酯(lorbamate);或其为抗组织胺,诸如羟嗪(hydroxyzine)、氯芬尼拉明(chlorpheniramine)或苯海拉明(diphenhydramine)。
镇静剂例如为巴比妥酸盐镇静剂,诸如异戊巴比妥(amobarbital)、阿普比妥(aprobarbital)、布塔巴比妥(butabarbital)、布他比妥(butabital)、甲苯巴比妥(mephobarbital)、甲巴比妥(metharbital)、美索比妥(methohexital)、戊巴比妥(pentobarbital)、司可巴比妥(secobarbital)、他布比妥(talbutal)、塞米乐(theamylal)或硫喷妥(thiopental);或其为非巴比妥酸盐镇静剂,诸如格鲁米特(glutethimide)、美普巴、甲喹酮(methaqualone)或二氯芬尼酮(dichloalphenazone)。
骨骼肌松弛剂例如为氯苯胺丁酸(baclofen)、美普巴、肌安宁、环苯扎平(cyclobenzaprine)、美他沙酮(metaxalone)、美索巴莫(methocarbamol)、替扎尼定(tizanidine)、氯唑沙宗(chlorzoxazone)或奥芬那君(orphenadrine)。
其他适合的组合搭配物为乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂的抑制剂,诸如多奈哌齐(donepezil);5-HT-3拮抗剂,诸如昂丹司琼(ondansetron);代谢型谷氨酸受体拮抗剂;抗心律失常药,诸如美西律(mexiletine)或苯妥英(phenytoin);或NMDA受体拮抗剂。
其他适合的组合搭配物为失禁药物,例如抗胆碱激导性剂,诸如氧基羟丁宁(oxybutynin)、托特罗定(tolterodine)、达非那新(darifenacin)、非索罗定(fesoterodine)、索非那新(solifenacin)或曲司铵(trospium);或其为膀胱肌肉松弛剂,诸如米拉贝隆(mirabegron);或其为α阻断剂,诸如他苏洛辛(tamsulosin)、阿夫唑嗪(alfuzosin)、西洛多辛(silodosin)、多沙唑嗪(doxazosin)或特拉唑嗪(terazosin)。
上文所提及的组合搭配物的剂量通常为正常建议最低剂量的1/5至高达正常建议剂量的1/1。
因此,在另一方面中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物与一种或多种上下文中所描述的额外治疗剂组合的用途,其用于治疗可受TRPA1影响或介导的疾病或病状,特别是如上下文中所描述的疾病或病状。
在另一方面中,本发明涉及一种用于治疗可受患者中TRPA1的抑制影响的疾病或病状的方法,其包括以下步骤:向需要此类治疗的患者施用治疗有效量所述的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及治疗有效量的一种或多种额外治疗剂。
在另一方面中,本发明涉及式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与一种或多种额外治疗剂组合的用途,其用于治疗可受有需要的患者中TRPA1的抑制影响的疾病或病状。
在又一方面中,本发明涉及一种用于治疗由患者中的TRPA1活性介导的疾病或病状的方法,其包括以下步骤:向需要此类治疗的患者(优选人类)施用治疗有效量的本发明的化合物以及治疗有效量的一种或多种上下文中所描述的额外治疗剂。
根据本发明的化合物与额外治疗剂组合的使用可同时进行或以错开的时间进行。
根据本发明的化合物及一种或多种额外治疗剂均可在一种调配物(例如,片剂或胶囊)中一起存在,或分别在两种相同或不同的调配物中存在(例如以所谓的分装部分的试剂盒形式)。
因此,在另一方面中,本发明涉及一种药物组合物,其包含根据本发明的化合物及一种或多种上下文中所描述的额外治疗剂,任选连同一种或多种惰性载剂和/或稀释剂。
在又一方面中,本发明涉及根据本发明的化合物在咳嗽测量装置中的用途。
本发明的其他特征及优势将自以下更详细的实施例而变得显而易见,所述实施例以举例方式说明本发明的原理。
制备
可使用本领域技术人员已知且描述于有机合成文献中的合成方法来获得本发明的化合物及其中间体。优选地,以与下文更充分解释(特别是如实验部分中所描述)的制备方法类似的方式来获得化合物。在一些情况下,进行反应步骤的次序可变化。亦可使用本领域技术人员已知但在此处未详细描述的反应方法的变型。
用于制备根据本发明的化合物的通用工序对于研究以下流程的本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。起始物质可通过描述于文献或本文中的方法制备或可以类似或相似方式制备。可使用常规保护基来保护起始物质或中间体中的任何官能基。这些保护基可使用本领域技术人员熟悉的方法在反应顺序内的适合阶段裂解。
根据本发明的化合物为通过下文中描述的合成方法制备,其中通式的取代基具有上文给出的含义。这些方法意欲作为本发明的说明,而不会限制其主题及这些实施例所主张的化合物的范畴。当未描述起始化合物的制备时,其为可商购的或可与本文中所描述的已知化合物或方法类似地制备。根据公开的合成方法来制备文献中所描述的物质。
可如下文流程I中所示来制备式I化合物。
流程I:
在流程I中,通过使用适当的催化系统使用过渡金属复合物(例如,Ru或Ir的过渡金属复合物)以及手性配位体(例如,[(1S,2S)-(-)-2-氨基-1,2-二苯基乙基](4-甲苯磺酰基)酰胺基)而以对映选择性方式还原子结构(A)的α-氰基酮。向对应氰基-醇(B)中添加羟胺以产生二羟基丙亚氨酰胺(C)。可通过将反应混合物与氯乙酰氯一起搅拌来实现氯甲基-噁二唑(D)的环封闭。最后,可通过将通式(D)的化合物与适当噻吩并嘧啶酮在碱(例如,K2CO3)的存在下合并来制备通式(I)化合物。
可如下文流程II中所示来制备三环噻吩并嘧啶酮化合物。
流程II:
在流程II中,在适合溶剂(例如,EtOH)中,在高温(例如,100℃)下,将适合的噻吩并四氢吡啶前体用适当试剂(诸如甲脒、甲酰胺或其盐)转化成三环噻吩并嘧啶酮化合物(C)。接着使用适合氧化剂(例如,KMnO4)氧化四氢吡啶核心且通过螯合试剂(例如,18-冠-6)的存在进行加速。此反应通常在非极性溶剂(例如,DCM)中进行且优选在环境温度下运行。在R3类似保护基(例如,BOC)的情况下,可使用适合的去保护条件(例如,对于R3=BOC,在RT下为TFA/DCM或HCl/二噁烷)来移除此基团。
实施例
制备
根据本发明的化合物及其中间体可使用本领域技术人员已知且描述于有机合成文献中的合成方法,例如使用描述于“Comprehensive Organic Transformations”,第2版,Richard C.Larock,John Wiley&Sons,2010及“March's Advanced Organic Chemistry”,第7版,Michael B.Smith,John Wiley&Sons,2013中的方法来获得。优选地,类似于下文中更充分解释(特别是如实验部分中所描述)的制备方法来获得化合物。在一些情况下,实行反应流程所采用的顺序可以变化。亦可使用本领域技术人员已知但在本文中未详细描述的这些反应的变型。基于研究随后的流程,用于制备根据本发明的化合物的通用工序对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。起始化合物为可商购的或可通过描述于文献或本文中的方法来制备,或可以类似或相似方式制备。在实行反应之前,起始化合物中的任何对应官能基可使用常规保护基团加以保护。可在反应顺序内的适合阶段,使用本领域技术人员熟悉且描述于文献,例如“Protecting Groups”,第3版,Philip J.Kocienski,Thieme,2005及“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”,第4版,Peter G.M.Wuts,TheodoraW.Greene,John Wiley&Sons,2006中的方法再次裂解这些保护基。术语“环境温度”及“室温”可互换使用且表示约20℃,例如19℃与24℃之间的温度。
缩写:
制备起始化合物
中间体I
中间体I.1(一般路径)
(3S)-3-(4-氯苯基)-3-羟基丙腈
将10.0g(55.7mmol)4-氯苯甲酰基乙腈在惰性氛围下添加至100mL ACN中。在逐滴添加8.30mL(19.8mmol)甲酸三乙胺复合物(5:2)之前,添加142mg(0.23mmol)氯([(1S,2S)-(-)-2-氨基-1,2-二苯基乙基](4-甲苯磺酰基)酰胺基)(均三甲苯)钌(II)(CAS 174813-81-1)。在RT下搅拌3h之后,在真空中移除溶剂。向剩余粗混合物中添加水且此混合物用EtOAc萃取两次。将有机层合并,经MgSO4干燥,且在真空中移除溶剂。
C9H8ClNO (M=181.6g/mol)
ESI-MS: 226[M+HCOO]-
Rt(HPLC): 0.81min(方法B)
根据上文描述的通用程序(中间体I.1)来制备以下化合物:
中间体II
中间体II.1(一般路径)
(3S)-3-(4-氯苯基)-N,3-二羟基丙亚氨酰胺
将9.82g(54.1mmol)(3S)-3-(4-氯苯基)-3-羟基丙腈(中间体I.1)及8.00mL(136mmol)羟胺(50%于水中)的混合物添加至100mL MeOH中且在75℃下搅拌1.5h。在冷却至RT之后,在真空中移除所有挥发物以得到不经进一步纯化即使用的粗产物。
C9H11ClN2O2 (M=214.6g/mol)
ESI-MS: 215[M+H]+
Rt(HPLC): 0.60min(方法B)
根据上文描述的通用程序(中间体II.1)来制备以下化合物:
中间体III
中间体III.1(一般路径)
(1S)-2-[5-(氯甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]-1-(4-氯苯基)乙-1-醇
向含11.2g(52.4mmol)中间体II的55mL NMP中添加10.0mL(57.8mmol)DIPEA。在缓慢添加溶解于5mL NMP中的4.60mL(57.7mmol)氯乙酰氯之前,将混合物冷却至0℃,且将混合物在恒定温度下搅拌45min。接着将混合物加热直至95℃且继续搅拌4h。在冷却至RT之后,添加200mL水且将所得混合物用EtOAc萃取三次。将有机层合并,经MgSO4干燥,过滤且在真空中移除溶剂。通过柱色谱(硅胶;PE/EtOAc,7/3)纯化残余物。
C11H10Cl2N2O2 (M=273.1g/mol)
ESI-MS: 271[M-H]-
Rt(HPLC): 0.93min(方法B)
根据上文描述的通用程序(中间体III.1)来制备以下化合物:
中间体IV
中间体IV.1(通用路径)
N,5-二甲基-4-氧代-3H,4H-噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-6-甲酰胺
向含0.25g(1.19mmol)5-甲基-4-氧代-3H,4H-噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-6-甲酸的30mLTHF中添加331μL(2.38mmol)TEA及429mg(1.19mmol)TBTU。在添加654μL(1.31mmol)的甲胺溶液(c=2mol/L于THF中)之前,将混合物在RT下搅拌30min。在环境温度下继续搅拌16h。在添加水及DCM之前,在真空中移除溶剂。将有机层分离,经Na2SO4干燥且在真空中移除溶剂。通过柱色谱(硅胶;DCM/MeOH/NH3 90/10/1)纯化粗产物。
C9H9N3O2S (M=223.3g/mol)
ESI-MS: 224[M+H]+
Rt(HPLC): 0.62min(方法C)
根据上文描述的通用程序(实施例IV.1)来制备以下化合物:
中间体V
3-(2,2-二氟-2H-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-3-氧代丙腈
向含0.63mL(12.0mmol)乙腈的5mL THF中添加18.0mL 2-甲基-2-丁醇钾(浓度:2mol/L于THF中;36.1mmol)且将所得混合物搅拌较短时段。接着添加2.60g(12.0mmol)2,2-二氟-2H-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-甲酸甲酯,且在RT下继续搅拌30min。通过添加HCl水溶液(浓度:1mol/L)淬灭反应。添加EtOAc且将有机层分离,用盐水洗涤并经Na2SO4干燥。在真空中移除溶剂,且粗产物通过柱色谱(硅胶;CyH/EtOAc 75/25→57/43)纯化以得到所需产物。
C10H5F2NO3 (M=225.2g/mol)
ESI-MS: 224[M-H]-
Rt(HPLC): 0.89min(方法B)
中间体VI
4,8-二氧代-5,6-二氢-3H-吡啶并[2,3]噻吩并[2,4-c]嘧啶-7-甲酸叔丁酯
向含500mg(1.63mmol)的4-氧代-3,5,6,8-四氢吡啶并[2,3]噻吩并[2,4-c]嘧啶-7-甲酸叔丁酯的8.0mL DCM中添加86.0mg(0.325mmol)的18-冠-6及514mg(3.25mmol)的过锰酸钾。将反应混合物在环境温度下搅拌隔夜。接着通过添加甲醇及10%Na2S2O3水溶液来淬灭反应混合物。通过过滤移除所沉淀固体且浓缩滤液。将残余物溶解于甲醇及DMF中,过滤且通过制备型HPLC(ACN/H2O/TFA梯度)纯化。合并含有产物的洗脱份且在减压下移除乙腈。剩余产物水溶液用DCM(2×)萃取。将经合并的有机萃取物经硫酸钠干燥以得到所需产物。
C14H15N3O4S (M=321.3g/mol)
ESI-MS: 322[M+H]+
Rt(HPLC): 0.46min(方法A)
中间体VII
3,5,6,7-四氢吡啶并[2,3]噻吩并[2,4-c]嘧啶-4,8-二酮
向含264mg(0.822mmol)4,8-二氧代-5,6-二氢-3H-吡啶并[2,3]噻吩并[2,4-c]嘧啶-7-甲酸叔丁酯的6mL DCM中添加380μL(4.926mmol)三氟乙酸。将所得混合物在环境温度下搅拌45min。在真空中移除所有挥发物,且如下一步骤中所获得来使用残余物。
C9H7N3O2S (M=221.2g/mol)
ESI-MS: 222[M+H]+
Rt(HPLC): 0.22min(方法A)
中间体VIII
中间体VIII.1(一般路径)
向含5.00g(26.8mmol)2-氨基-4-氯-3-氰基-5-甲酰基噻吩(CAS:104366-23-6)的25mL吡啶中添加5.70mL(42.9mmol)N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲基缩醛。将混合物在100℃下搅拌3h。在冷却至环境温度之后,在减压下浓缩混合物。将残余物再悬浮于DCM中且用水洗涤。将有机相经Na2SO4干燥且浓缩以得到所需产物。
C9H8ClN3OS (M=241.7g/mol)
ESI-MS: 242[M+H]+
Rt(HPLC): 1.04min(方法B)
中间体IX
中间体IX.1(一般路径)
向含1.00g(4.14mmol)中间体IX.1的10mL甲酸中添加678mg(8.27mmol)乙酸钠。将反应混合物在回流下搅拌隔夜。在冷却至环境温度之后,将混合物倾倒至冰冷水上。其接着用二氯甲烷稀释且浓缩至干燥。将残余物悬浮于二氯甲烷中且过滤出剩余盐。浓缩滤液以得到所需产物。
C7H3ClN2O2S (M=214.6g/mol)
ESI-MS: 213[M-H]-
Rt(HPLC): 0.87min(方法B)
中间体X
中间体X.1(一般路径)
向含150mg(699μmol)中间体IX.1的4.0mL DMF中添加473mg(769μmol)过氧硫酸钾。将反应混合物在环境温度下添加18h。将混合物接着通过制备型HPLC(H2O/ACN/TFA)纯化以得到所需产物。
C7H3ClN2O3S (M=230.6g/mol)
ESI-MS: 229[M-H]-
Rt(HPLC): 0.58min(方法C)
中间体XI
中间体XI.1(一般路径)
向含45.0mg(0.195mmol)实施例X.1的1.0mL DMF中添加含81.7mg(0.215mmol)1-[双(二甲氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化六氟磷酸盐、74.8μL(0.429mmol)二异丙基乙胺及1.17mL(0.5M,0.585mmol)氨水溶液的THF。将反应混合物在环境温度下搅拌18h。将反应混合物接着通过制备型HPLC(H2O/ACN/NH3)纯化以得到所需产物。
C7H4ClN3O2S (M=229.6g/mol)
ESI-MS: 230[M+H]+
Rt(HPLC): 0.52min(方法C)
制备最终化合物
实施例1
实施例1(一般路径)
3-({3-[(2S)-2-(4-氯苯基)-2-羟乙基]-1,2,4-噁二唑-5-基}甲基)-5-甲基-4-氧代-3H,4H-噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-6-甲酰胺
在添加4.30g(31.1mmol)K2CO3之前,将2.00g(9.56mmol)的5-甲基-4-氧代-3H,4H-噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-6-甲酰胺添加至20mL DMA中。在添加含2.70g(9.89mmol)实施例III.1的5mL DMA之前,将混合物在RT下搅拌20分钟。在50℃下继续搅拌3h。在冷却至RT之后,将混合物过滤且通过HPLC(含有0.3%TFA的ACN/H2O梯度)纯化以得到所需产物。
C19H16ClN5O4S (M=445.9g/mol)
ESI-MS: 446[M+H]+
Rt(HPLC): 0.82min(方法B)
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm:2.70(s,3H),2.92-3.05(m,2H),4.94(dt,J=7.60,5.30Hz,1H),5.52(s,2H),5.60(d,J=4.80Hz,1H),7.26-7.39(m,4H),7.69(br s,2H),8.63(s,1H)。
根据上文描述的通用程序(实施例1)来制备以下化合物:
最终化合物的分析数据描述于上表中:
分析型HPLC方法
方法A
分析型柱:XBridge BEH C18_2.1×30mm,1.7μm;柱温度:60℃
方法B
分析型柱:Stable Bond(Agilent)1.8μm;3.0×30mm;柱温度:60℃
方法C
分析型柱:Sunfire(Waters)2.5μm;3.0×30mm;柱温度:60℃
方法D
制备型柱:XBridge(Waters)C18_3.0×30mm_2.5μm;柱温度:60℃
方法E
XBridge C18_3.0×30mm_2.5μm(Waters);柱温度:60℃
方法F
制备型柱:Sunfire(Waters)C18_3.0×30mm_2.5μm;柱温度:60℃
方法G
分析型柱:XBridge C18(Waters)2.5μm;3.0×30mm;柱温度:60℃
方法H
分析型柱:Sunfire C18(Waters)2.5μm;3.0×30mm;柱温度:60℃方法I
分析型柱:Sunfire(Waters)C18_2.1×30mm_2.5μm;柱温度:60℃。
Claims (20)
1.一种式(I)化合物
其中
A选自由以下组成的群:苯基、萘基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基或苯并呋喃基,其任选经由以下组成的群的一个或两个成员取代:H、F、Cl、Br、C1-4烷基、F1-3-氟-C1-4烷基、CN、OCH3、环丙基及环丁基,
或
A选自
及
R1选自H、C1-4烷基、F1-3-氟-C1-4烷基、C1-4烷基-OH或C1-4烷基-CN;
R2选自C1-2烷基或Cl;
或R1及R2各自为经由一键接合的CH2,从而形成6元环。
2.根据权利要求1所述的式(I)化合物,其中A选自由以下组成的群:苯基或苯并呋喃基,其任选经由以下组成的群的一个或两个成员取代:H、F、Cl、Br、C1-4烷基、F1-3-氟-C1-4烷基、CN、OCH3、环丙基及环丁基,
或
A选自
3.根据权利要求1所述的式(I)化合物,其中A选自由以下组成的群:苯基或苯并呋喃基,其任选经由以下组成的群的一个或两个成员取代:H、F、Cl及CH3;
或
A选自
4.根据权利要求1所述的式(I)化合物,其中A选自由以下组成的群:
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的式(I)化合物,其中R1选自由以下组成的群:H、CH3、CH2CHF2或CH2C(CH3)2OH。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的式(I)化合物,其中R2为CH3或Cl。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的式(I)化合物,其选自由以下组成的群:
8.根据权利要求1所述的式(I)化合物的(S)-对映异构体,其选自由以下组成的群:
9.一种根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的化合物的盐。
10.一种根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的化合物的药学上可接受的盐。
11.下式的化合物
或其盐。
12.下式的化合物
或其盐。
13.下式的化合物
或其盐。
14.下式的化合物
或其盐。
15.下式的化合物
或其盐。
16.下式的化合物
或其盐。
17.一种药物组合物,其包含至少一种根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,及一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
18.根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用作TRPA1活性抑制剂的药剂中的用途。
19.根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防炎性气道疾病或纤维化疾病或咳嗽的药剂中的用途。
20.根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防特发性肺病(IPF)或咳嗽的药剂中的用途。
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CN103261201A (zh) * | 2010-12-20 | 2013-08-21 | 格兰马克药品股份有限公司 | 作为trpa1拮抗剂的2-氨基-4-芳基噻唑化合物 |
CN103826637A (zh) * | 2011-06-13 | 2014-05-28 | 格兰马克药品股份有限公司 | 使用trpa1拮抗剂治疗呼吸疾患 |
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WO2016023832A1 (en) | 2014-08-11 | 2016-02-18 | Hydra Biosciences, Inc. | Thieno- and furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4[1h,3h]-dione derivatives as trpc5 modulators for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders |
CN105335639A (zh) * | 2014-08-15 | 2016-02-17 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 一种电子设备中功能锁的实现方法和装置 |
WO2016133888A1 (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2016-08-25 | Biota Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compounds for treating respiratory syncytial virus infections |
WO2017060488A1 (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-13 | Almirall, S.A. | New trpa1 antagonists |
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CN103261201A (zh) * | 2010-12-20 | 2013-08-21 | 格兰马克药品股份有限公司 | 作为trpa1拮抗剂的2-氨基-4-芳基噻唑化合物 |
CN103826637A (zh) * | 2011-06-13 | 2014-05-28 | 格兰马克药品股份有限公司 | 使用trpa1拮抗剂治疗呼吸疾患 |
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US20210107918A1 (en) | 2021-04-15 |
CA3153618A1 (en) | 2021-04-22 |
KR20220083778A (ko) | 2022-06-20 |
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MX2022004565A (es) | 2022-05-06 |
US11136336B2 (en) | 2021-10-05 |
IL292093A (en) | 2022-06-01 |
JP7376706B2 (ja) | 2023-11-08 |
CL2022000758A1 (es) | 2023-01-20 |
JP2022551712A (ja) | 2022-12-13 |
AU2020366553A1 (en) | 2022-03-31 |
BR112022003862A2 (pt) | 2022-08-23 |
CN114929712A (zh) | 2022-08-19 |
TW202132309A (zh) | 2021-09-01 |
EP4045509A1 (en) | 2022-08-24 |
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