CN114929288A - 合成的修饰的rna及其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请涉及一种核酸分子,该核酸分子包括第一核酸序列和编码目的蛋白的第二核酸序列,该第一核酸序列包括羧酸酯酶基因的5'非翻译区(5'UTR)的至少一部分,其中该第二核酸序列与该第一核酸序列异源并且可操作地偶联至该第一核酸序列。还公开了在靶细胞中表达目的蛋白的方法、治疗受试者的心脏缺血或肝脏缺血的方法,以及识别能够选择性增强靶细胞中异源目的蛋白的翻译的核酸序列的方法。
Description
本申请要求2019年11月7日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号62/932,255的优先权,其通过引用以其全文并入本文。
本发明在美国国立卫生研究院授予的RO1 HL142768-01的政府支持下完成。政府对本发明享有一定的权利。
技术领域
本申请涉及核酸分子及其药物组合物、涉及该核酸分子和药物组合物的方法、以及识别能够选择性增强靶细胞中异源目的蛋白的翻译的核酸序列的方法。
背景技术
缺血性心脏病是美国男性和女性死亡的主要原因,每年造成约610,000人死亡。因此,期望设计改善缺血损伤后心脏功能的新型治疗。治疗心肌梗死(“MI”)后心脏衰竭的一种研究途径是基因医学(Tilemann等人,“Gene Therapy for Heart Failure,”Circ.Res.110:777-793(2012)),由此科学家旨在使用病毒载体、小分子或基于RNA的方法调整心脏中的基因表达,以促进缺血性心脏病中的心脏保护以及心血管或心脏再生。合成的修饰的信使RNA(“modRNA”)是可用于改变哺乳动物细胞和组织中的蛋白水平的新型基因治疗平台(Sultana等人,“Optimizing Cardiac Delivery of Modified mRNA,”Mol.Ther.25(6):1306-1315(2017)和Hadas等人,“Optimizing Modified mRNAIn VitroSynthesis Protocol for Heart Gene Therapy,”Mol.Ther.Methods Clin.Dev.14(13):300-305(2019))和治疗心脏病(Zangi等人,“Modified mRNA Directs the Fate of HeartProgenitor Cells and Induces Vascular Regeneration after MyocardialInfarction,”Nat.Biotechnol.31:898-907(2013);Magadum和Zangi,“mRNA-BasedProtein Replacement Therapy for the Heart,”Mol.Ther.27:785-793(20189);和Hadas等人,“Modified mRNA as a Therapeutic Tool to Induce Cardiac Regeneration inIschemic Heart Disease,”Wiley Interdiscip.Rev.Syst.Biol.Med.9(1):e1367(2017))。治疗性改变mRNA表达的概念在治疗人类疾病方面具有巨大潜力(Weissman和Kariko,“mRNA:Fulfilling the Promise of Gene Therapy,”Mol.Ther.23:1416-1417(2015))。迄今为止,已显示几种使用siRNA和反义寡核苷酸以降低细胞中mRNA水平的治疗方法(Bobbin和Rossi,“RNA Interference(RNAi)-Based Therapeutics:Delivering onthe Promise?,”Annu.Rev.Pharmacol.Toxicol.56:103-122(2016)以及Stein和Castanotto,“FDA-Approved Oligonucleotide Therapies in 2017,”Mol.Ther.25(5):1069-1075(2017))。然而,组织中蛋白上调具有挑战性,主要是由于治疗人体组织需要大量mRNA。在体内提供大量mRNA可引发对所施用mRNA的非期望免疫应答。临床前研究表明,由于modRNA的瞬时表达(靶基因表达在施用后48-72小时内恢复至基线),直接和静脉内递送modRNA均将需要多次施用才能达到期望的靶基因表达水平(Zangi等人,“Modified mRNADirects the Fate of Heart Progenitor Cells and Induces Vascular Regenerationafter Myocardial Infarction,”Nat.Biotechnol.31:898-907(2013);Pardi等人,“Expression Kinetics of Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Delivered in LipidNanoparticles to Mice by Various Routes,”J.Control Release217:345-351(2015);Mahiny等人,“In Vivo Genome Editing Using Nuclease-Encoding mRNA Corrects SP-BDeficiency,”Nat.Biotechnol.33:584-586(2015);Kormann等人,“Expression ofTherapeutic Proteins after Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA in Mice,”Nat.Biotechnol.29:154-157(2011);和Zimmermann等人,“Successful Use of mRNA-Nucleofection for Overexpression of Interleukin-10in Murine Monocytes/Macrophages for Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in a Murine Model of AutoimmuneMyocarditis,”J.Am.Heart Assoc.1:e003293(2012))。因此,使用modRNA治疗心肌缺血疾病的一个障碍是通过直接向心脏施用modRNA来实现高水平的靶蛋白表达。还期望在单次施用modRNA后实现高水平的靶蛋白表达。
基因表达在转录后水平受到复杂控制(Mignone等人,“Untranslated Regions ofmRNAs,”Genome Biol.3(3):REVIEWS0004.1(2002))。细胞内部任何单个mRNA类型的水平不能确保表达相当量的相应蛋白(Vogel等人,“Sequence Signatures and mRNAConcentration Can Explain Two-Thirds of Protein Abundance Variation in aHuman Cell Line,”Mol.Syst.Biol.6:400(2010))。正调节剂和负调节剂均影响翻译并维持一定蛋白水平。在mRNA的非翻译区(UTR)内有多个调节元件,它们对于mRNA稳定性和翻译成蛋白至关重要(Pfeiffer等人,“Using Translational Enhancers to IncreaseTransgene Expression in Drosophila,”Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA109:6626-6631(2012)和Wilkie等人,“Regulation of mRNA Translation by 5'-and 3'-UTR-BindingFactors,”Trends Biochem.Sci.28(4):182-188(2003))。真核基因翻译在翻译水平受几个组分的调节,包括5'非翻译区(“5'UTR”)(Ong等人,“The Role of 5'Untranslated Regionin Translational Suppression of OKL38 mRNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma,”Oncogene 26(8):1155-65(2007);Leppek等人,“Functional 5'UTR mRNA Structures inEukaryotic Translation Regulation and How to Find Them,”Nat.Rev.Mol.CellBiol.19(3):158-174(2018);以及van der Velden和Thomas,“The Role of the 5'Untranslated Region of an mRNA in Translation Regulation During Development,”Int.J.Biochem.Cell Biol.31(1):87-106(1999))、3'非翻译区(“3'UTR”)(van Oers等人,“Role of the 3'Untranslated Region of Baculovirus p10 mRNA in High-LevelExpression of Foreign Genes,”J.Gen.Virol.80(Pt 8):2253-2262(1999);Thekkumkara等人,“Functional Role for the Angiotensin II Receptor(AT1A)3'-UntranslatedRegion in Determining Cellular Responses to Agonist:Evidence for Recognitionby RNA Binding Proteins,”Biochem.J.329(Pt 2):255-264(1998);和Chen等人,“TheFunctional Role of the 3'Untranslated Region and Poly(A)Tail of DuckHepatitis A Virus Type 1in Viral Replication and Regulation of IRES-MediatedTranslation,”Front.Microbiol.9:2250(2018))、多聚A尾(Chartier等人,“Mitochondrial Dysfunction Reveals the Role of mRNA Poly(A)Tail Regulation inOculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy Pathogenesis,”PLoS Genet.11(3):e1005092(2015);Crawford等人,“The Role of 3'Poly(A)Tail Metabolism in Tumor NecrosisFactor-Alpha Regulation,”J.Biol.Chem.272(34):21120-21127(1997);Nie等人,“Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+pump mRNA Stability in Cardiac and Smooth Muscle:Role of Poly A+Tail Length,”Cell Calcium 35(5):479-84(2004);和Peng等人,“Characterization of the Role of Hexamer AGUAAA and Poly(A)Tail inCoronavirus Polyadenylation,”PLoS One 11(10):e0165077(2016))和帽结构(Galloway和Cowling,“mRNA Cap Regulation in Mammalian Cell Function and Fate,”Biochim.Biophys.Acta Gene Regul.Mech.1862(3):270-279(2019);Grudzien-Nogalska等人,“Synthesis of Anti-Reverse Cap Analogs(ARCAs)and Their Applications inmRNATranslation and Stability,”Methods Enzymol.431:203-227(2007);Meaux和VanHoof,“Yeast Transcripts Cleaved by an Internal Ribozyme Provide New InsightInto the Role of the Cap and Poly(A)Tail in Translation and mRNA Decay,”RNA12(7):1323-1337(2006);和Mukherjee等人,“Identification of Cytoplasmic CappingTargets Reveals a Role for Cap Homeostasis in Translation and mRNAStability,”Cell Rep.2(3):674-684(2012))。
此外,已报道5'UTR的长度和二级结构以及它包含的任何突变与某些人类疾病有关(Chatterjee和Pal,“Role of 5'-and 3'-Untranslated Regions of mRNAs in HumanDiseases,”Biol.Cell 101(5):251-262(2009))。5'UTR通过有助于核糖体结合起始密码子附近的信使RNA(“mRNA”)而在调节翻译效率方面发挥重要作用,因此是细胞蛋白质组的主要贡献者(Hinnebusch等人,“Translational Control by 5'-Untranslated Regions ofEukaryotic mRNAs,”Science 352(6292):1413-1416(2016))。此外,5'UTR中的某些RNA元件可能改变其二级结构(例如,内部核糖体进入位点(IRES)、上游AUG或开放阅读框(uORF)),并且可能是整个翻译率的重要贡献者(Araujo等人,“Before It Gets Started:Regulating Translation at the 5'UTR,”Comp.Funct.Genomics2012:475731(2012)和Dvir等人,“Deciphering the Rules by which 5'-UTR Sequences Affect ProteinExpression in Yeast,”Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA110(30):E2792-2801(2013))。5'UTR还可以包含可作为调节蛋白结合位点的序列元件(Wilkie等人,“Regulation of mRNATranslation by 5'-and3'-UTR-Binding Factors,”Trends Biochem.Sci.28(4):182-188(2003))。
迄今为止,临床前心脏研究中使用的modRNA已采用人工5'UTR(36个核苷酸),其首次由Warren等人描述,“Highly Efficient Reprogramming to Pluripotency andDirected Differentiation of Human Cells with Synthetic Modified mRNA,”CellStem Cell 7(5):618-630(2010)。体外筛选已用于优化mRNA5'UTR和改善精氨酸酶1(ARG1)表达(Asrani等人,“Optimization of mRNA Untranslated Regions for ImprovedExpression of Therapeutic mRNA,”RNA Biol.15(6):756-762(2018))。然而,基于质粒的筛选方法不一定与由外源表达的mRNA驱动的蛋白表达相关(Asrani等人,“Optimizationof mRNA Untranslated Regions for Improved Expression of Therapeutic mRNA,”RNABiol.15(6):756-762(2018))。此外,改进的5'UTR而非3'UTR似乎是外源递送mRNA的蛋白表达的关键驱动因素(Asrani等人,“Optimization of mRNA Untranslated Regions forImproved Expression of Therapeutic mRNA,”RNA Biol.15(6):756-762(2018))。
为此,尚未开展筛选方法来识别可选的5'UTR,以改进具有治疗意义的体外合成的modRNA构建体的mRNA可翻译性。
本申请旨在克服本领域中的这些和其他缺陷。
发明内容
本申请的一方面涉及一种核酸分子,该核酸分子包括第一核酸序列和编码目的蛋白的第二核酸序列,该第一核酸序列包括羧酸酯酶基因的5'非翻译区(5'UTR)的至少一部分,其中该第二核酸序列与该第一核酸序列异源并且可操作地偶联至该第一核酸序列。
本申请的另一方面涉及一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包括本文所述的核酸分子。
本申请的另一方面涉及一种在靶细胞中表达目的蛋白的方法。该方法涉及提供本文所述的核酸分子或药物组合物,以及使靶细胞与该核酸分子或药物组合物接触,其中该核酸分子被翻译以在该靶细胞中表达该目的蛋白。
本申请的另一方面涉及一种治疗受试者的心脏缺血或肝脏缺血的方法。该方法涉及提供本文所述的核酸分子或药物组合物,以及使该受试者与本文所述的核酸分子或药物组合物接触,其中该核酸分子被翻译以在该受试者的心脏或肝脏中表达目的蛋白以治疗该受试者的心脏缺血或肝脏缺血。
本申请的另一方面涉及一种识别用于选择性增强靶细胞或靶组织中异源目的蛋白的翻译的5′非翻译区(5′UTR)的方法。该方法涉及获得在疾病状况下包括靶细胞的活组织的第一样品和在非疾病状况下包括该靶细胞的活组织的第二样品;定量在该第一样品和第二样品中转录和翻译的基因;识别(i)相对于该第二样品,在该第一样品中以相似或较低水平转录和(ii)相对于该第二样品,在该第一样品中以较高水平翻译的基因;以及识别该已识别的基因的5′UTR,其中该已识别的5′UTR能够选择性增强靶细胞或靶组织中异源目的蛋白的翻译。
修饰的mRNA(modRNA)是用于将单个或几个目的基因瞬时引入不同的细胞类型和组织的基因递送平台。modRNA被认为是安全的基因转移载体,因为它对先天免疫系统的激活可以忽略不计并且不损害基因组的完整性。由于其临床潜力,modRNA在基础和转化科学中的使用正增加。期望使用modRNA来诱导缺血损伤后的心脏再生。然而,将modRNA用于心肌缺血性疾病的主要障碍包括因其半衰期短而需要直接地、单独地向心脏施用modRNA,并且modRNA的翻译效率低。调节5'非翻译区(5'UTR)以提高在缺血性心脏病中的翻译效率可以通过单次递送后实现更高且更长时间的蛋白生产来减少每次递送所需的modRNA量。本文描述了来自脂肪酸代谢基因羧酸酯酶1D的5'UTR的识别,因其能够增加心肌梗死后心脏中modRNA介导的翻译。本文提供的结果明确确认,Ces1d RNA元件(元件D)是导致心脏缺血损伤后modRNA翻译增强的原因。重要的是,发现Ces1d的5'UTR可增强缺血损伤后心脏和肝脏中的modRNA翻译,但不增强肾脏中的modRNA翻译。这些结果表明,Ces1d的5'UTR和Ces1d的元件D在不同器官缺血状况下的蛋白翻译中发挥更广泛的作用。这些结果也构成了以下的基础:本文所述的核酸分子和药物组合物、涉及本文公开的核酸分子和药物组合物的方法、以及识别能够选择性增强本文所述的靶细胞中异源目的蛋白的翻译的核酸序列的方法。
附图说明
图1A-1G展示了缺血心脏转录组和蛋白质组的表征。图1A是示出用于制备RNAseq和蛋白质组分析的样品的实验方案的示意图。在心肌梗死(MI)后4小时或24小时收集假手术或LAD结扎的心脏,并将缺血区域组织(或假手术心脏中的等同区域)分成两等份。对缺血心脏的一半进行测序,用于转录组分析(总共n=10,假手术n=3,MI后4小时n=3,MI后24小时n=4),而使用质谱评价缺血心脏的另一半的蛋白水平(总共n=12,假手术n=4,MI后4小时n=4,MI后24小时n=4)。图1B-1C是在假手术、MI后4小时或MI后24小时心脏中具有相应mRNA水平(图1B)的2,272个基因的分层聚类树状图或2,397蛋白强度(图1C)的分层聚类树状图。图1D-1E是显示在MI后4小时(图1D)或24小时(图1E)的LV中蛋白质和mRNA水平变化之间的相关性分析的图。图1D和图1E中右下阴影矩形包括与假手术相比,显示MI后mRNA水平静止或降低而其编码的蛋白水平增加的基因。图1F-1G是显示MI后4小时(图1F)或24小时(图1G)编码蛋白水平升高(变化倍数>2)但mRNA降低(变化倍数<0.64)的蛋白质的基因列表的表格。在浅色方框中的基因具有短于100个碱基对的5'UTR。
图2A-2D显示在分层聚类树状图中RNAseq实验组聚类在一起,并且Ces1d蛋白质印迹证实了RNAseq和蛋白质组表达结果。图2A是14,000个基因的分层聚类树状图,对这些基因进行测序用于缺血或非缺血心脏组织的转录组学分析(总共n=10,假手术n=3,MI后4小时n=3或MU后24小时n=4)。图2B是显示用于评价Ces1d表达的qPCR实验结果的图,该qPCR实验对取自已接受假手术或MU手术的心脏(n-3)24小时的样品进行。图2C是用抗-Ces1d抗体进行的蛋白质印迹分析的代表图像,以评价取自已接受假手术或MI手术的心脏24小时的蛋白样品。图2D是显示图2C(n=2)中所示实验的定量图。图2B和图2D采用非配对双尾t检验。*,P<0.05。
图3A-3F显示了各种合成的修饰的mRNA(modRNA)构建体的翻译效率,这些构建体包括来自图2A-2D中识别的基因的5'UTR。图3A是图3B-3F中评价的modRNA构建体的示意图。该图显示了在Luc modRNA报告构建体中用Gsn、Pzp、Serpina 1b、Fnk3或Ces1d的5'UTR替换常用的人工5'UTR(即,对照5'UTR)。图3B是示出实验计划的示意图,该实验计划分别使用交互式或蛋白质印迹分析来评价新生大鼠心肌细胞(CM)中包括来自图3A的5'UTR的Luc modRNA或GFP modRNA的翻译效率。图3C-3D显示了图3B中描述的(图3C,n=4)和蛋白质印记(图3D)结果的定量。图3E是示出实验计划的示意图,该实验计划使用分析评价MI后24小时小鼠心脏中包括来自图3A的5'UTR的Luc modRNA构建体的翻译效率(使用分析)。图3F是显示图3E(n=4)中描述的实验的定量图。图3C和图3F采用单因素ANOVA,图基多重比较检验(Tukey’s Multiple Comparison Test)。***,P<0.001,*,P<0.05,N.S.,不显著。
图4A-4E展示了新生大鼠CM中Luc modRNA的体外分析。图4A是示出实验方案的示意图,该实验方案使用Luc modRNA构建体(Luc-对照、Luc-Pzp、Luc-Gsn、Luc-Fn3k、Luc-Serpina 1b、Luc-Ces1d和Renilla-对照)和分析评价新生大鼠CM中翻译效率。图4B-4C显示了来自图4A中描述的实验的荧光素酶(Luc)信号(图4B)和Renilla信号(图4C)的代表性分析图像。图4D-4E是分别显示图4B-4C中所示实验结果的定量图。
图5A-5D展示了Ces1d的5'UTR显著增强缺血心脏中的mRNA翻译,但在非缺血小鼠模型中没有。图5A是示出实验方案的示意图,该实验方案用于在非缺血心脏模型中评价包括Ces1d的5'UTR(Luc-Ces1d)或人工对照5'UTR(Luc-对照)的Luc modRNA的翻译效率。图5B是按照图5A的方案(n=15)注射Luc-Ces1d modRNA和Luc-对照modRNA后24小时、48小时和72小时观察到的Luc信号的定量的图。图5C是示出实验方案的示意图,该实验方案用于在缺血心脏模型中评价包括Ces1d的5'UTR(Luc-Ces1d)或人工对照5'UTR(Luc-对照)的LucmodRNA的翻译效率。图5D是显示按照图5C的方案(n=15)在LED结扎和用Luc-Ces1d modRNA和Luc-对照modRNA注射modRNA后24小时、48小时和72小时观察到的Luc信号的定量图。图5B和图5D采用双因素ANOVA,图基多重比较检验。*,P<0.05,N.S.,不显著。
图6A-6F展示了在缺血心脏、肾脏和肝脏小鼠模型中,包括Ces1d的5'UTR(Luc-Ces1d)和人工对照5'UTR(Luc-对照)的Luc-modRNA构建体的翻译效率。图6A是示出实验方案的示意图,该实验方案用于在缺血心脏小鼠模型中评价包括Ces1d(Luc-Ces1d)的5'UTR或人工对照5'UTR(Luc-对照)的Luc modRNA的翻译效率。图6B显示了图6A中描述的实验的代表性成像结果。图6C是示出实验方案的示意图,该实验方案用于在缺血肝小鼠模型中评价包括Ces1d的5'UTR(Luc-Ces1d)或人工对照5'UTR(Luc-对照)的Luc modRNA的翻译效率。图6D显示了来自图6C中描述的实验的代表性图像。图6E是示出的实验方案的示意图,该实验方案用于在缺血肾脏小鼠模型中评价包括Ces1d的5'UTR(Luc-Ces1d)或人工对照5'UTR(Luc-对照)的Luc modRNA的翻译效率。图6F显示了图6E中描述的实验的代表性图像。
图7A-7H展示了Ces1d的5'UTR显著增强肝脏中的Luc modRNA翻译,但在非缺血或肾缺血小鼠模型中没有。图7A是展示实验方案的示意图,该实验方案用于在非缺血肝脏模型中评价包括Ces1d的5'UTR(Luc-Ces1d)或人工对照5'UTR(Luc-对照)的Luc modRNA的翻译效率。图7B是显示图7A(n=6)中所述实验的定量的图。图7C是示出实验方案的示意图,该实验方案用于在缺血肝脏模型中评价包括Ces1d的5'UTR(Luc-Ces1d)或人工对照5'UTR(Luc-对照)的Luc modRNA的翻译效率。图7D是示出图7C(n=6)中描述的实验的定量的图。图7E是示出实验计划的示意图,该实验计划用于在非缺血肾脏模型中评价包括Ces1d的5'UTR(Luc-Ces1d)或人工对照5'UTR(Luc-对照)的Luc modRNA的翻译效率。图7F是显示图7E(n=6)中描述的实验的定量的图。图7G是示出实验方案的示意图,该实验方案用于在缺血肾脏模型中评价包括Ces1d的5'UTR(Luc-Ces1d)或人工对照5'UTR(Luc-对照)的LucmodRNA的翻译效率。图7H是显示图7G(n=6)中描述的实验的定量的图。图7B、7D、7F和7H采用双因素ANOVA,图基多重比较检验。*,P<0.05,N.S.,不显著。
图8A-8E展示了在缺血心脏小鼠模型中Ces1d的5'UTR中的特定RNA元件显著增强Luc modRNA翻译。图8A是列出在各种物种之间已具有保守性的Ces1d的5'UTR的元件(元件A-E)的表格。图8B是示出实验方案的示意图,该实验方案使用分析来评价在新生大鼠CM中包括图8A中识别的RNA元件(即Luc-元件A、Luc-元件B、Luc-元件C、Luc-元件D和Luc元件E)的Luc modRNA构建体以及包括Ces1d的5'UTR(Luc-Ces1d)的Luc modRNA构建体的翻译效率。图8C是显示图8B(n=4)中描述的实验的定量的图。图8D是示出实验方案的示意图,该实验方案用于在缺血心脏模型中评价包括人工对照5'UTR(Luc-对照)、Ces1d的全长5'UTR(Luc-Ces1d)或Ces1d的5'UTR的元件D(Luc-元件D)的Luc-modRNA构建体的翻译效率。图8E是显示图8D(n=5)中描述的实验的定量图。图8C采用单因素ANOVA,图基多重比较检验。图8E采用双因素ANOVA,图基多重比较检验。***,P<0.001,**,P<0.01,*,P<0.05,N.S.,不显著。
图9A-9B展示了在肝脏缺血小鼠模型中,与Ces1d的全长5'UTR相比,Ces1d的5'UTR的元件D未显著增加mRNA翻译。图9A是示出实验方案的示意图,该实验方案用于在缺血肝小鼠模型中评价包括Ces1d的全长5'UTR或Ces1d的5'UTR的元件D的Luc modRNA的翻译效率。图9B是显示图9A(n=4)中描述的实验的定量的图。双因素ANOVA,图基多重比较检验。N.S.,不显著。
图10A-10B展示了在心脏非缺血小鼠模型中,与Ces1d的全长5′UTR或对照5′UTR相比,Ces1d的5′UTR中的元件D未显著增加mRNA翻译。图10A是示出实验方案的示意图,该实验方案用于在心脏非缺血小鼠模型中评价携带Ces1d的全长5′UTR或对照5′UTR插入片段的Luc modRNA的翻译效率。图10B是显示使用分析对图10A中描述的实验进行定量的图。双因素ANOVA,图基多重比较检验。N.S.,不显著。
图11是示出识别用于选择性增强靶细胞或靶组织中异源目的蛋白翻译的5′非翻译区(5′UTR)的方法的一个实施方式的流程图。步骤A对应于获得疾病样品(即在疾病状况下包括靶细胞的活组织的第一样品)和参考样品(即在非疾病状况下包括靶细胞的活组织的第二样品);步骤B对应于疾病样品和参考样品(即第一样品和第二样品)中的蛋白质组分析(即定量翻译的基因)和转录组分析(即定量转录的基因);步骤C对应于识别(i)相对于第二样品,在第一样品中以相似或较低水平转录和(ii)相对于第二样品,在第一样品中以较高水平翻译的基因;以及步骤D对应于识别已识别的基因的5′UTR,其中已识别的5′UTR能够选择性增强异源目的蛋白在靶细胞或靶组织中的翻译。
具体实施方式
本申请涉及识别增强靶蛋白的翻译效率的核酸区域。本文公开了包括已识别的基因的5'非翻译区(5'UTR)的至少一部分的核酸分子和包括其的药物组合物。
如本文所用,单数形式“一种(a、an)”和“该(the)”包括复数指代,除非上下文另有明确规定。
除非另外定义,否则本文使用的所有技术术语和科学术语具有与本公开所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
本申请的第一方面涉及一种核酸分子,该核酸分子包括第一核酸序列和编码目的蛋白的第二核酸序列,该第一核酸序列包括羧酸酯酶基因的5'非翻译区(5'UTR)的至少一部分,其中该第二核酸序列与该第一核酸序列异源并且可操作地偶联至该第一核酸序列。
如本文所用,术语“可操作地偶联”是指5'UTR和编码目的蛋白的核酸之间的顺序和功能排列,其中5'UTR调节编码目的蛋白的核酸序列的翻译。
如本文所用,术语“核苷”是指包括与戊糖(例如脱氧核糖或核糖)连接的含氮碱基(即核碱基)的分子。形成核苷的典型含氮碱基包括腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶、5-甲基胞嘧啶、尿嘧啶和胸腺嘧啶。合适的核糖核苷(其包括作为戊糖的核糖)包括例如腺苷(A)、鸟苷(G)、5-甲基尿苷(m5U)、尿苷(U)和胞苷(C)。
如本文所用,术语“核苷酸”是指包括核苷(例如,核糖核苷)和磷酸基团的分子。核糖核苷酸包括,例如,单磷酸腺苷、二磷酸腺苷、三磷酸腺苷、单磷酸鸟苷、二磷酸鸟苷、三磷酸鸟苷、单磷酸胞苷、二磷酸胞苷、三磷酸胞苷、单磷酸尿苷、二磷酸尿苷、三磷酸尿苷及其衍生物。
如本文所用,术语“信使RNA”(也称为mRNA)是指编码目的蛋白并且可以被翻译以在体外、体内、原位或离体产生编码的目的蛋白的核糖核苷酸序列。
如本文所用,关于RNA的术语“修饰的”或“mod”是指核糖核苷酸的改变,其可以例如整合至mRNA分子中。对mRNA分子的修饰可以包括,例如但不限于,对碱基的物理或化学修饰,诸如,例如但不限于,碱基缺失或碱基的化学修饰(参见,例如,Kariko等人的美国专利号8,278,036;Chien等人的美国专利号10,086,043;和Zangi等人的美国专利申请公开号2019/0203226,它们通过引用以其全文并入本文)。
在一些实施方式中,第一核酸和第二核酸是核糖核酸。在某些实施方式中,第一核酸和第二核酸是mRNA。在某些其他实施方式中,第一核酸和第二核酸是修饰的mRNA(modRNA)。
modRNA可以,例如,如以下各项中所述进行制备:Kariko等人的美国专利号8,278,036;Sultana等人,“Optimizing Cardiac Delivery of Modified mRNA,”Mol.Ther.25(6):1306-1315(2017);和Hadas等人,“Optimizing Modified mRNA In Vitro SynthesisProtocol for Heart Gene Therapy,”Mol.Ther.Methods Clin.Dev.14(13):300-305(2019),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文。在一些实施方式中,modRNA通过体外转录产生。modRNA可以,例如,使用选自由帽类似物、三磷酸鸟苷、三磷酸腺苷、三磷酸胞苷、三磷酸尿苷及其衍生物组成的组的一种或多种试剂从线性DNA模板体外转录(Hadas等人,“Optimizing Modified mRNA In Vitro Synthesis Protocol for Heart GeneTherapy,”Mol.Ther.Methods Clin.Dev.14(13):300-305(2019),其全部内容通过引用并入本文)。
帽类似物可以选自抗反向帽类似物(ARCA)3'-O-Me-m7G(5')ppp(5')G(Hadas等人,“Optimizing Modified mRNA In Vitro Synthesis Protocol for Heart GeneTherapy,”Mol.Ther.Methods Clin.Dev.14(13):300-305(2019),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)、标准帽类似物m7G(5')ppp(5')G、未甲基化的帽类似物G(5')ppp(5')G、A+1位点m7G(5')ppp(5')A的甲基化的帽类似物和A+1位点G(5')ppp(5')A的未甲基化的帽类似物。在某些实施方式中,帽类似物是抗反向帽类似物(ARCA)3'-O-Me-m7G(5')ppp(5')G。
三磷酸鸟苷、三磷酸腺苷、三磷酸胞苷和三磷酸尿苷的合适衍生物是本领域熟知的并且包括,例如,对核糖核苷的修饰。例如,核糖核苷可以经修饰以产生具有以下的modRNA,例如,增加组织中的稳定性和/或清除率、改善受体摄取和/或动力学、改善核酸分子的细胞进入、改善与翻译机制的结合、改善mRNA半衰期、增加翻译效率、改善免疫逃避、改善蛋白产生能力、改善分泌效率、改善循环可及性、改进蛋白半衰期和/或细胞状态的调节、改善功能、改善活性或任何其他原因。
根据一些实施方式,使用一种或多种试剂从质粒模板体外转录modRNA,该一种或多种试剂选自由3'-O-Me-m7G(5')ppp(5')G、三磷酸鸟苷、三磷酸腺苷、三磷酸胞苷和N1-甲基假尿苷-5-三磷酸组成的组。因此,在本文公开的本发明的某些实施方式中,modRNA包括N1-甲基假尿苷。在其他实施方式中,modRNA包括假尿苷或甲基假尿苷。
对modRNA或mRNA分子的其他合适的修饰是本领域熟知的(参见,例如,Kariko等人的美国专利号8,278,036;Chien等人的美国专利号10,086,043;Zangi等人的美国专利申请公开号2019/0203226;和Burkhardt等人的美国专利申请公开号2018/0353618,它们通过引用以其全文并入本文)。在一些实施方式中,modRNA中修饰的核苷是尿苷(U)、胞苷(C)、腺嘌呤(A)或鸟嘌呤(G)。修饰的核苷可以是,例如,m5C(5-甲基胞苷)、m6A(N6-甲基腺苷)、s2U(2-硫尿苷)、ψ(假尿苷)或Um(2-O-甲基尿苷)。modRNA分子中核苷的一些示例性化学修饰可以进一步包括,例如但不限于,吡啶-4-酮核糖核苷、5-氮杂-尿苷、2-硫代-5-氮杂尿苷、2-硫尿苷、4-硫代假尿苷、2-硫代假尿苷、5-羟基尿苷、3-甲基尿苷、5-羧甲基尿苷、1-羧甲基假尿苷、5-丙炔基尿苷、1-丙炔基假尿苷、5-牛磺酸甲基尿苷、1-牛磺酸甲基假尿苷、5-牛磺酸甲基-2-硫代尿苷、1-牛磺酸甲基-4-硫代尿苷、5-甲基尿苷、1-甲基假尿苷、4-硫代-1-甲基假尿苷、2-硫代-1-甲基假尿苷、1-甲基-1-去氮杂假尿苷、2-硫代-1-甲基-1-去氮杂假尿苷、二氢尿苷、二氢假尿苷、2-硫代二氢尿苷、2-硫代二氢假尿苷、2-甲氧基尿苷、2-甲氧基-4-硫代尿苷、4-甲氧基假尿苷、4-甲氧基-2-硫代假尿苷、5-氮杂胞苷、假异胞苷、3-甲基胞苷、N4-乙酰胞苷、5-甲酰基胞苷、N4-甲基胞苷、5-羟甲基胞苷、1-甲基假异胞苷、吡咯并-胞苷、吡咯并-假异胞苷、2-硫代胞苷、2-硫代-5-甲基胞苷、4-硫代假异胞苷、4-硫代-1-甲基假异胞苷、4-硫代-1-甲基-1-去氮杂假异胞苷、1-甲基-1-去氮杂假异胞苷、泽布拉林(zebularine)、5-氮杂泽布拉林、5-甲基泽布拉林、5-氮杂-2-硫代泽布拉林、2-硫代泽布拉林、2-甲氧基胞苷、2-甲氧基-5-甲基胞苷、4-甲氧基假异胞苷、4-甲氧基-1-甲基假异胞苷、2-氨基嘌呤、2,6-二氨基嘌呤、7-去氮杂腺嘌呤、7-去氮杂-8-氮杂腺嘌呤、7-去氮杂-2-氨基嘌呤、7-去氮杂-8-氮杂-2-氨基嘌呤、7-去氮杂-2,6-二氨基嘌呤、7-去氮杂-8-氮杂-2,6-二氨基嘌呤、1-甲基腺苷、N6-甲基腺苷、N6-异戊烯基腺苷、N6-(顺式-羟基异戊烯基)腺苷、2-甲硫基-N6-(顺式-羟基异戊烯基)腺苷、N6-甘氨酰氨基甲酰基腺苷、N6-苏氨酰氨基甲酰基腺苷、2-甲硫基-N6-苏氨酰氨基甲酰基腺苷、N6,N6-二甲基腺苷、7-甲基腺嘌呤、2-甲硫基腺嘌呤、2-甲氧基腺嘌呤、肌苷、1-甲基肌苷、怀俄苷、怀丁苷、7-去氮杂鸟苷、7-去氮杂-8-氮杂鸟苷、6-硫代鸟苷、6-硫代-7-去氮杂鸟苷、6-硫代-7-去氮杂-8-氮杂鸟苷、7-甲基鸟苷、6-硫代-7-甲基鸟苷、7-甲基肌苷、6-甲氧基鸟苷、1-甲基鸟苷、N2-甲基鸟苷、N2,N2-二甲基鸟苷、8-氧代鸟苷、7-甲基-8-氧代鸟苷、1-甲基-6-硫代鸟苷、N2-甲基-6-硫代鸟苷或N2,N2-二甲基-6-硫代鸟苷。
在一个实施方式中,对modRNA进行的修饰独立地选自由5-甲基胞嘧啶、假尿苷和1-甲基假尿苷组成的组。
在一些实施方式中,modRNA包括选自由以下项组成的组的修饰的尿嘧啶:假尿苷(ψ)、吡啶-4-酮核糖核苷、5-氮杂尿苷、6-氮杂尿苷、2-硫代-5-氮杂尿苷、2-硫代尿苷(s2U)、4-硫代尿苷(s4U)、4-硫代假尿苷、2-硫代假尿苷、5-羟基尿苷(ho5U)、5-氨基烯丙基尿苷、5-卤代尿苷(例如,5-碘代尿苷或5-溴代尿苷)、3-甲基尿苷(m3U)、5-甲氧基尿苷(mo5U)、尿苷5-氧乙酸(cmo5U)、尿苷5-氧乙酸甲酯(mcmo5U)、5-羧甲基尿苷(cm5U)、1-羧甲基假尿苷、5-羧基羟甲基尿苷(chm5U)、5-羧基羟甲基尿苷甲酯(mchm5U)、5-甲氧基羰基甲基尿苷(mcm5U)、5-甲氧基羰基甲基-2-硫代尿苷(mcm5s2U)、5-氨基甲基-2-硫代尿苷(nm5s2U)、5-甲基氨基甲基尿苷(mnm5U)、5-甲基氨基甲基-2-硫代尿苷(mnm5s2U)、5-甲基氨基甲基-2-硒尿苷(mnm5se2U)、5-氨基甲酰基甲基尿苷(ncm5U)、5-羧甲基氨基甲基尿苷(cmnm5U)、5-羧甲基氨基甲基-2-硫代尿苷(cmnm5s2U)、5-丙炔基尿苷、1-丙炔基假尿苷、5-牛磺酸甲基尿苷(τcm5U)、1-牛磺酸甲基假尿苷、5-牛磺酸甲基-2-硫代尿苷(TM5s2U)、1-牛磺酸甲基-4-硫代假尿苷、5-甲基尿苷(m5U,例如,具有核碱基脱氧胸腺嘧啶)、1-甲基假尿苷(m1ψ)、5-甲基-2-硫代尿苷(m5s2U)、1-甲基-4-硫代假尿苷(m1s4ψ)、4-硫代-1-甲基假尿苷、3-甲基假尿苷(m3ψ)、2-硫代-1-甲基假尿苷、1-甲基-1-去氮杂假尿苷、2-硫代-1-甲基-1-去氮杂假尿苷、二氢尿苷(D)、二氢假尿苷、5,6-二氢尿苷、5-甲基二氢尿苷(m5D)、2-硫代二氢尿苷、2-硫代二氢假尿苷、2-甲氧基尿苷、2-甲氧基-4-硫代尿苷、4-甲氧基假尿苷、4-甲氧基-2-硫代假尿苷、N1-甲基假尿苷、3-(3-氨基-3-羧丙基)尿苷(acp3U)、1-甲基-3-(3-氨基-3-羧丙基)假尿苷(acp3ψ)、5-(异戊烯基氨基甲基)尿苷(inm5U)、5-(异戊烯基氨基甲基)-2-硫代尿苷(inm5s2U)、α-硫代尿苷、2’-O-甲基尿苷(Um)、5,2'-O-二甲基尿苷(m5Um)、2’-O-甲基假尿苷(ψm)、2-硫代-2’-O-甲基尿苷(s2Um)、5-甲氧基羰基甲基-2'-O-甲基尿苷(mcm5Um)、5-氨基甲酰基甲基-2'-O-甲基尿苷(ncm5Um)、5-羧甲基氨基甲基-2'-O-甲基尿苷(cmnm5Um)、3,2'-O-二甲基尿苷(m3Um)、5-(异戊烯基氨基甲基)-2'-O-甲基尿苷(inm5Um)、1-硫代尿苷、脱氧胸苷、2'-F-氮杂尿苷、2'-F尿苷、2'-OH-氮杂尿苷、5-(2-甲氧基乙烯基)尿苷和5-3-(1-E-丙烯氨基)尿苷。
在一些实施方式中,modRNA包括选自由以下项组成的组的修饰的胞嘧啶:5-氮杂胞苷、6-氮杂胞苷、假异胞苷、3-甲基胞苷(m3C)、N4-乙酰基胞苷(act)、5-甲酰基胞苷(f5C)、N4-甲基胞苷(m4C)、5-甲基胞苷(m5C)、5-卤代胞苷(例如,5-碘代胞苷)、5-羟甲基胞苷(hm5C)、1-甲基假异胞苷、吡咯并-胞苷、吡咯并-假异胞苷、2-硫代胞苷(s2C)、2-硫代-5-甲基胞苷、4-硫代假异胞苷、4-硫代-1-甲基假异胞苷、4-硫代-1-甲基-1-去氮杂假异胞苷、1-甲基-1-去氮杂假异胞苷、泽布拉林、5-氮杂泽布拉林、5-甲基泽布拉林、5-氮杂-2-硫代泽布拉林、2-硫代泽布拉林、2-甲氧基胞苷、2-甲氧基-5-甲基胞苷、4-甲氧基假异胞苷、4-甲氧基-1-甲基假异胞苷、赖氨酸(k2C)、α-硫代胞苷、2'-O-甲基胞苷(Cm)、5,2'-O-二甲基胞苷(m5Cm)、N4-乙酰基-2'-O-甲基胞苷(ac4Cm)、N4,2'-O-二甲基胞苷(m4Cm)、5-甲酰基-2'-O-甲基胞苷(f5Cm)、N4,N4,2'-O-三甲基胞苷(m4 2Cm)、1-硫代胞苷、2'-F-氮杂胞苷、2'-F胞苷和2'-OH-氮杂胞苷。
在一些实施方式中,modRNA包括选自由以下项组成的组的修饰的腺嘌呤:2-氨基嘌呤、2,6-二氨基嘌呤、2-氨基-6-卤代嘌呤(例如,2-氨基-6-氯代嘌呤)、6-卤代嘌呤(例如,6-氯代嘌呤)、2-氨基-6-甲基嘌呤、8-叠氮基腺苷、7-去氮杂腺嘌呤、7-去氮杂-8-氮杂腺嘌呤、7-去氮杂-2-氨基嘌呤、7-去氮杂-8-氮杂-2-氨基嘌呤、7-去氮杂-2,6-二氨基嘌呤、7-去氮杂-8-氮杂-2,6-二氨基嘌呤、1-甲基腺苷(m1A)、2-甲基腺嘌呤(m2A)、N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)、2-甲硫基-N6-甲基腺苷(ms2m6A)、N6-异戊烯基腺苷(i6A)、2-甲硫基-N6-异戊烯基腺苷(ms2i6A)、N6-(顺式-羟基异戊烯基)腺苷(io6A)、2-甲硫基-N6-(顺式-羟基异戊烯基)腺苷(ms2io6A)、N6-甘氨酰氨基甲酰基腺苷(g6A)、N6-苏氨酰氨基甲酰基腺苷(t6A)、N6-甲基-N6-苏氨酰氨基甲酰基腺苷(m6t6A)、2-甲硫基-N6-苏氨酰氨基甲酰基腺苷(ms2g6A)、N6,N6-二甲基腺苷(m6 2A)、N6-羟基正戊酰氨基甲酰基腺苷(hn6A)、2-甲硫基-N6-羟基正戊酰基氨基甲酰基腺苷(ms2hn6A)、N6-乙酰基腺苷(ac6A)、7-甲基腺嘌呤、2-甲基thio腺嘌呤、2-甲氧基腺嘌呤、alpha-硫代腺苷、2'-O-甲基腺苷(Am)、N6,2'-O-二甲基腺苷(m6Am)N6,N6,2'-O-三甲基腺苷(m6 2Am)、1,2'-O-二甲基腺苷(m1Am)、2'-O-核糖基腺苷(磷酸)(Ar(p))、2-氨基-N6-甲基嘌呤、1-硫代腺苷、8-叠氮基腺苷、2'-F-氮杂腺苷、2'-F腺苷、2'-OH-氮杂腺苷和N6-(19-氨基-五氧杂环己烷基)腺苷。
在一些实施方式中,modRNA包含选自由以下项组成的组的修饰的鸟嘌呤:肌苷(I)、1-甲基肌苷(m1I)、怀俄苷(imG)、甲基怀俄苷(mimG)、4-去甲基怀俄苷(imG-14)、异怀俄苷(imG2)、怀丁苷(yW)、过氧化怀丁苷(o2yW)、羟基怀丁苷(OHyW)、修饰不足的羟基怀丁苷(OHyWy)、7-去氮杂鸟苷、辫苷(Q)、环氧辫苷(oQ)、半乳糖基辫苷(galQ)、甘露糖基辫苷(manQ)、7-氰基-7-去氮杂鸟苷(preQ0)、7-氨基甲基-7-去氮杂鸟苷(preQ1)、古嘌苷(G+)、7-去氮杂-8-氮杂鸟苷、6-硫代鸟苷、6-硫代-7-去氮杂鸟苷、6-硫代-7-去氮杂-8-氮杂鸟苷、7-甲基鸟苷(m7G)、6-硫代-7-甲基鸟苷、7-甲基肌苷、6-甲氧基鸟苷、1-甲基鸟苷(m1G)、N2-甲基-鸟苷(m2G)、N2,N2-二甲基鸟苷(m2 2G)、N2,7-二甲基鸟苷(m2,7G)、N2,N2,7-二甲基鸟苷(m2,2,7G)、8-氧代鸟苷、7-甲基-8-氧代鸟苷、1-甲硫基鸟苷、N2-甲基-6-硫代鸟苷、N2,N2-二甲基-6-硫代鸟苷、α-硫代鸟苷、2'-O-甲基鸟苷(Gm)、N2-甲基-2'-O-甲基鸟苷(m2Gm)、N2,N2-二甲基-2'-O-甲基鸟苷(m2 2Gm)、1-甲基-2'-O-甲基鸟苷(m1Gm)、N2,7-二甲基-2'-O-甲基鸟苷(m2,7Gm)、2'-O-甲基肌苷(1m)、1,2'-O-二甲基肌苷(m1Im)、2'-O-核糖基鸟苷(磷酸)(Gr(p))、1-硫代鸟苷、O6-甲基鸟苷、2'-F-氮杂鸟苷和2'-F鸟苷。
modRNA可以包括,例如,非天然核苷酸或修饰的核苷酸。非天然核苷酸或修饰的核苷酸可以包括,例如,骨架修饰、糖修饰或碱基修饰。非天然核苷酸或修饰的核苷酸可以包括,例如,碱基修饰。在一些实施方式中,碱基修饰选自由以下项组成的组:2-氨基-6-氯代嘌呤核苷5'三磷酸、2-氨基腺苷5'三磷酸、2-硫代胞苷5'三磷酸、2-硫尿苷5'三磷酸、4-硫尿苷5'三磷酸、5-氨基烯丙基胞苷5'三磷酸、5-氨基烯丙基尿苷5'三磷酸、5-溴代胞苷5'三磷酸、5-溴代尿苷5'三磷酸、5-碘代胞苷5'三磷酸、5-碘代尿苷5'三磷酸、5-甲基胞苷5'三磷酸、5-甲基尿苷5'三磷酸、6-氮杂胞苷5'三磷酸、6-氮杂尿苷5'三磷酸、6-氯代嘌呤核苷5'-三磷酸、7-去氮杂腺苷5'三磷酸、7-去氮杂鸟苷5'三磷酸、8-氮杂腺苷5'三磷酸、8-叠氮基腺苷5'三磷酸、苯并咪唑核苷5'三磷酸、N1-甲基腺苷5'三磷酸、N1-甲基鸟苷5'三磷酸、N6-甲基腺苷5'三磷酸、O6-甲基鸟苷5'三磷酸、N1-甲基-假尿苷5'三磷酸、嘌呤霉素5'-三磷酸和黄嘌呤核苷5'三磷酸。因此,根据一些实施方式,modRNA包括N1-甲基-假尿苷5'三磷酸。
其他修饰包括,例如,在以下各项中所述的那些:Tavernier等人,“mRNA as GeneTherapeutic:How to Control Protein Expression,”J.Control.Release150(3):238-247(2011);Anderson等人,“Nucleoside Modifications in RNA Limit Activation of2'-5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase and Increase Resistance to Cleavage by RNaseL,”Nucleic Acids Res.39(21):9329-9338(2011);Kormann等人,“Expression ofTherapeutic Proteins After Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA in Mice,”Nat.Biotechnol.29(2):154-157(2011);Karikó等人,“Incorporation of Pseudouridineinto mRNA Yields Superior Nonimmunogenic Vector with Increased TranslationalCapacity and Biological Stability,”Mol.Ther.16(11):1833-1840(2008);Karikó等人,“Suppression of RNA Recognition by Toll-Like Receptors:The Impact ofNucleoside Modification and the Evolutionary Origin of RNA,”Immunity 23(2):165-175(2005);和Warren等人,“Highly Efficient Reprogramming to Pluripotencyand Directed Differentiation of Human Cells with Synthetic Modified mRNA,”Cell Stem Cell 7(5):618-630(2010),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文。
在一些实施方式中,modRNA包括选自由m5C,m5U、m6A、s2U、Ψ或2'-O-甲基-U组成的组的修饰的核苷。
如本文所用,术语“非翻译区”或“UTR”是指mRNA分子的转录区而非翻译区。5'UTR从转录起始位点开始并持续至起始密码子,但不包括起始密码子;而3'UTR在终止密码子之后立即开始并持续直至转录终止信号。天然5'UTR有助于翻译起始(Ong等人,“The Role of5'Untranslated Region in Translational Suppression of OKL38 mRNA inHepatocellular Carcinoma,”Oncogene 26(8):1155-65(2007);Leppek等人,“Functional5'UTR mRNA Structures in Eukaryotic Translation Regulation and How to FindThem,”Nat.Rev.Mol.Cell Biol.19(3):158-174(2018);以及van der Velden和Thomas,“The Role of the 5'Untranslated Region of an mRNA in Translation RegulationDuring Development,”Int.J.Biochem.Cell Biol.31(1):87-106(1999),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文),并且可以包括特征诸如,例如,Kozak序列,其促进核糖体对许多基因的翻译起始。
如以下实施例所证明,与包括参考(即人工对照)5'UTR序列的modRNA构建体相比,包括,例如,哺乳动物羧酸酯酶基因的modRNA构建体提高目的蛋白的翻译效率。因此,在第一方面,本申请涉及一种核酸分子,该核酸分子包括第一核酸序列和编码目的蛋白的第二核酸序列,该第一核酸序列包括羧酸酯酶基因的5'UTR的至少一部分,其中该第二核酸序列与该第一核酸序列异源并且可操作地偶联至该第一核酸序列。
根据一些实施方式,该羧酸酯酶基因是哺乳动物羧酸酯酶基因。合适的哺乳动物羧酸酯酶基因及其相应的5'UTR序列(即SEQ ID NO:1(小鼠)、SEQ ID NO:2(大鼠)、SEQ IDNO:3(猪)、SEQ ID NO:4(沙鼠)、SEQ ID NO:5(人)和SEQ ID NO:6(猴)在下表1中显示。
表1.哺乳动物羧酸酯酶基因
在一些实施方式中,羧酸酯酶基因是羧酸酯酶1D(Ces1d)基因。Ces1d基因可以是鼠Ces1d基因。根据此类实施方式,第一核酸序列包括SEQ ID NO:1的核酸序列的至少一部分。其他合适的Ces1d基因序列如上表1所示。
在其他实施方式中,羧化酶基因是羧酸酯酶1(CES1)基因。CES1基因可以是人CES1基因。根据此类实施方式,第一核酸序列包括SEQ ID NO:5的核酸序列的至少一部分。其他合适的CES1基因序列如上表1所示。
以下实施例证明,与包括人工对照5'UTR序列的modRNA构建体相比,包括哺乳动物羧酸酯酶基因的5'UTR的RNA元件D的modRNA构建体具有提高目的蛋白的翻译效率的能力。在一些实施方式中,RNA元件D对应于SEQ ID NO:1的第54-72位。因此,在某些实施方式中,第一核酸序列包括SEQ ID NO:10(即,小鼠Ces1d的5'UTR的RNA元件D)。在选择的实施方式中,第一核酸序列包括SEQ ID NO:14、SEQ ID NO:19或SEQ ID NO:24。
在其他实施方式中,羧酸酯酶基因是人CES1并且第一核酸序列包括SEQ ID NO:5的核苷酸81-93(即人CES1的5'UTR的RNA元件D)。因此,在某些实施方式中,RNA元件D对应于SEQ ID NO:29(即人Ces1d的5'UTR的RNA元件D)。
根据一些实施方式,第二核酸序列编码目的蛋白。由第二核酸序列编码的合适的目的蛋白包括,例如但不限于,治疗性蛋白或报告蛋白。
当第二核酸序列编码治疗性蛋白时,根据一个实施方式,治疗性蛋白可以是细胞周期诱导因子。合适的细胞周期诱导因子包括但不限于Lin28、丙酮酸激酶肌同工酶M2(Pkm2)、β-连环蛋白、caERBB2、Yes相关蛋白1(YAP)、周期蛋白D1和c-Myc。
Lin28是已知严格控制细胞周期调节因子的Let7抑制因子(D’Uva等人,“ERBB2Triggers Mammalian Heart Regeneration by Promoting CardiomyocyteDedifferentiation and Proliferation,”Nat.Cell Biol.17(5):627-638(2015);Engel等人,“p38 MAP Kinase Inhibition Enables Proliferation of Adult MammalianCardiomyocytes,”Genes Dev.19(10):1175-1187(2005);Lee等人,“Cell Cycle Re-Entryand Mitochondrial Defects in Myc-Mediated Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy andHeart Failure,”PloS One 4(9):e7172(2009);Liao等人,“Cardiac-SpecificOverexpression of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2Increases Smaller MononuclearCardiomyocytes,”Circ.Res.88(4):443-450(2001);Ozhan和Weidinger,“Wnt/β-CateninSignaling in Heart Regeneration,”Cell Regen.4(1):3(2015),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文)。使用编码Lin28的modRNA构建体治疗心肌梗死后的心肌细胞已显示出诱导心肌细胞增殖、减少细胞凋亡和增加毛细血管密度(参见,例如,Zangi等人的美国专利申请公开号2019/0203226,其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。在一些实施方式中,细胞周期诱导因子是Lin28。
丙酮酸激酶肌同工酶M2(Pkm2)是促增殖因子,在再生胎儿和早期新生儿心肌细胞中高表达,但在成人心肌细胞中不表达(参见,例如,Zangi等人的美国专利申请公开号2019/0203226等,其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。在细胞质中,Pkm2通过减少磷酸烯醇丙酮酸向丙酮酸的转化,将代谢归宿从糖酵解转变为磷酸戊糖途径(“PPP”)(Dong等人,“PKM2and Cancer:The Function of PKM2 Beyond Glycolysis,”Oncol.Lett.11(3):1980-1986(2016)和Riganti等人,“The Pentose Phosphate Pathway:An Antioxidant Defense anda Crossroad in Tumor Cell Fate,”Free Rad.Biol.Med.53(3):421-436(2012),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文),这导致半乳糖(糖酵解中间体)蓄积,以及通过6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(G6pd)激活PPP(Kumar等人,“Moderate DNA Damage Promotes Metabolic Flux intoPPP via PKM2 Y-105Phosphorylation:A feature that Favours Cancer Cells,”Mol.Biol.Rep.42(8):1317-1321(2015);Salani等人,“IGF1 Regulates PKM2 FunctionThrough Akt Phosphorylation,”Cell Cycle 14(10):1559-1567(2015);和Wong等人,“PKM2,a Central Point of Regulation in Cancer Metabolism,”Int.J.CellBiol.2013:242513(2013),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文)。PPP途径激活导致核苷酸、氨基酸和脂质合成以及NADPH的产生减少,增加一氧化氮合酶和DNA修复(Luo和Semenza,“Pyruvate Kinase M2 Regulates Glucose Metabolism by Functioning as aCoactivator for Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1in Cancer Cells,”Oncotarget2(7):551-556(2011);Mazurek,“Pyruvate Kinase Type M2:A Key Regulator of theMetabolic Budget System in Tumor Cells,”Int.J.Biochem.Cell Biol.43(7):969-980(2011);Vander Heiden等人,“Understanding the Warburg Effect:The MetabolicRequirements of Cell Proliferation,”Science324(5930):1029-1033(2009);Luo等人,“Induction of Apoptosis in Human Leukemic Cell Lines by Diallyl Disulfide viaModulation of EGFR/ERK/PKM2Signaling Pathways,”Asian Pac.J.Cancer Prev.16(8):3509-3515(2015);Zhang等人,“Nuclear Translocation of PKM2 Modulates AstrocyteProliferation via p27 andβ-Catenin Pathway After Spinal Cord Injury,”CellCycle14(16):2609-2618(2015);和David等人,“HnRNP Proteins Controlled by c-MycDeregulate Pyruvate Kinase mRNA Splicing in Cancer,”Nature463(7279):364-368(2010),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文)。在细胞核中,Pkm2与转录因子μ-连环蛋白和Hif1α直接相互作用。这种相互作用促进诸如Ccdn1、c-Myc和Vegfa以及Bcl2中的基因表达(Luo等人,“Pyruvate Kinase M2 is a PHD3-Stimulated Coactivator for Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1,”Cell145(5):732-744(2011)和Azoitei等人,“PKM2 PromotesTumor Angiogenesis by Regulating HIF-1alpha Through NF-kappaB Activation,”Mol.Cancer 15:3(2016),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文)。使用modRNA至心肌梗死后成人心肌细胞中恢复Pkm2水平已被证明显著且仅诱导心肌细胞增殖;与改善心脏功能、减少疤痕大小和增加心脏与体重比有关;减小心肌细胞大小;减少细胞凋亡;和增加毛细血管密度(参见,例如,Zangi等人的美国专利申请公开号2019/0203226,其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。在一些实施方式中,细胞周期诱导因子是丙酮酸激酶肌同工酶M2(Pkm2)。
β-连环蛋白是钙粘蛋白复合物的亚基,并且在Wnt信号传导通路中充当细胞内信号转导子。在心肌中,β-连环蛋白定位于闰盘结构中的粘附连接处,这对于相邻心肌细胞之间的电偶联和机械偶联至关重要。早期心脏形成过程中β-连环蛋白的损失导致多发性心脏缺陷和致死性,证明其对胚胎心脏发育具有关键作用(Lickert等人,“Formation ofMultiple Hearts in Mice Following Deletion of Beta-Catenin in the EmbryonicEndoderm,”Dev.Cell3:171-181(2002),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。在成人中,β-连环蛋白信号传导在正常和应激诱导的心脏肥大重塑中发挥重要作用(Chen等人,“The Beta-Catenin/T-cell Factor/Lymphocyte Enhancer Factor Signaling Pathway isRequired for Normal and Stress-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy,”Mol.Cell Biol.26:4462-4473(2006),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号传导可能以阶段特定的双相方式起作用,促进或抑制心脏发生(Stubenvoll等人,“Attenuation of Wnt/β-catenin Activity Reverses Enhanced Generation of Cardiomyocytes and CardiacDefects Caused by the loss of Emerin,”Human Mol.Gen.24(3):802-813(2015)和Grigoryan等人,“Deciphering the Function of Canonical Wnt Signals inDevelopment and Disease:Conditional Loss-and Gain-of-Function Mutations ofBeta-Catenin in Mice,”Genes Dev.22:2308-2341(2008),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。
ERBB2(erb-b2受体酪氨酸激酶2)与其他表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶家族成员形成异二聚体。ERBB2是胚胎/新生儿阶段心肌细胞增殖所必需的(D’Uva等人,“ERBB2Triggers Mammalian Heart Regeneration by Promoting CardiomyocyteDedifferentiation and Proliferation,”Nat.Cell Biol.17(5):627-638(2015),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。在青少年或成人心肌缺血损伤后10-20天瞬时诱导组成型活性ERBB2(caERBB2)已显示可引发一系列事件,从心肌细胞去分化、增殖、新血管形成开始,和在ERBB2信号传导终止后,继续心肌细胞再分化,其共同导致解剖和功能性心脏再生(D’Uva等人,“ERBB2 Triggers Mammalian Heart Regeneration by Promoting CardiomyocyteDedifferentiation and Proliferation,”Nat.Cell Biol.17(5):627-638(2015)以及D’Uva和Tzahor,“The Key Roles of ERBB2 in Cardiac Regeneration,”Cell Cylce 14(15):2383-2384(2015),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文)。
Yes相关蛋白1(YAP)是转录共激活因子,其在成人心肌细胞中的激活已显示增加心肌细胞增殖并改善小鼠心肌梗死后的心脏功能(Lin等人,“Cardiac-Specific YAPActivation Improves Cardiac Function and Survival in an Experimental MurineMI Model,”Circ.Res.115(3):354-363(2014),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。
周期蛋白D1是CDK4和CDK6的调节亚基,其活性是细胞周期G1/S转换所必需的。周期蛋白D1的过表达导致成人心肌中CDK4水平升高,以及增殖细胞核抗原和CDK2水平适度升高(Soonpaa等人,“Cyclin D1Overexpression Promotes Cardiomyocyte DNA Synthesisand Multinucleation in Transgenic Mice,”J.Clin.Invest.99(11):2644-2654(1997),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。周期蛋白D1的表达已显示可促进成人心脏中心肌细胞的细胞周期再进入(Lee等人,“Critical Role of Cyclin D1 Nuclear Import inCardiomyocyte Proliferation,”Circ.Res.92(1):e12-19(2009),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。
cMYC在胎儿增殖心肌细胞中高表达。虽然在正常生理状况下在成人心脏中表达水平较低,但c-Myc表达在对肥大刺激的反应中迅速上调(Lee等人,“Cell Cycle Re-Entryand Mitochondrial Defects in Myc-Mediated Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy andHeart Failure,”PLoS One 4(9):e7172(2009),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。成人心肌中cMyc的激活已显示可引起有丝分裂后肌细胞的细胞周期再进入(Xiao等人,“InducibleActivation of c-Myc in Adult Myocardium In Vivo Provokes Cardiac MyocyteHypertrophy and Reactivation of DNA Synthesis,”Circ.Res.89(12):1122-1129(2001),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。
编码合适的细胞周期诱导因子的示例性核苷酸序列在下表2中显示。
表2.合适的细胞周期诱导序列
在一些实施方式中,目的蛋白是报告蛋白。报告蛋白可以是荧光蛋白。合适的荧光蛋白包括但不限于绿色荧光蛋白(例如,GFP、GFP-2、tagGFP、turboGFP、EGFP、Emerald、Azami Green、Monomeric Azami Green、CopGFP、AceGFP、ZsGreenl)、黄色荧光蛋白(例如,YFP、EYFP、Citrine、Venus、YPet、PhiYFP、ZsYellowl)、蓝色荧光蛋白(例如,EBFP、EBFP2、Azurite、mKalamal、GFPuv、Sapphire、T-sapphire)、青色荧光蛋白(例如,ECFP、Cerulean、CyPet、AmCyanl、Midoriishi-Cyan)、红色荧光蛋白(mKate、mKate2、mPlum、DsRed-单体、mCherry、mRFP1、DsRed-Express、DsRed2、DsRed-单体、HcRed-Tandem、HcRedl、AsRed2、mRasberry、mStrawberry、Jred)和橙色荧光蛋白(mOrange、mKO、Kusabira-橙色、MonomericKusabira-橙色、mTangerine、tdTomato)或任何其他合适的荧光蛋白。在某些实施方式中,报告蛋白是选自由绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)、增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)和黄色荧光蛋白(YFP)组成的组的荧光蛋白。
在一些实施方式中,报告蛋白是荧光素酶。如本文所用,术语“荧光素酶”是指催化导致产生光的反应的一类酶的成员。荧光素酶已在多种生物体(包括萤火虫、叩头虫、海三色堇(海肾属(Renilla))、海洋桡足类动物和细菌等)中识别和克隆。可用作报告蛋白的荧光素酶的实例包括,例如,海肾属(例如海肾(Renilla reniformis))荧光素酶、Gaussia(例如海洋桡脚类(Gaussia princeps))荧光素酶)、长腹水蚤属(Metridia)荧光素酶、萤火虫(例如,Photinus pyralis荧光素酶)、叩头虫(例如,Pyrearinus termitilluminans)荧光素酶、深海虾(例如,Oplophorus gracilirostris)荧光素酶)。荧光素酶报告蛋白包括天然存在的蛋白和工程化变体,所述工程化变体设计成相对于天然存在的蛋白具有一种或多种改变的性质(诸如增加光稳定性,增加pH稳定性,增加荧光或光输出,减少二聚化、寡聚化、聚集或对细胞有毒的趋势,发射光谱改变和/或底物利用改变)。
编码合适的报告蛋白的示例性核苷酸序列在下表3中显示。
表3.合适的报告蛋白序列
如本文所用,术语“转染”是指将核酸引入细胞中使得它们位于细胞内的过程。转染可指宿主细胞摄取外源核酸,诸如modRNA、mRNA或质粒。例如,modRNA可用于高效转染各种细胞类型(例如,心肌细胞),以瞬时、脉冲样动力学导致立即且高水平的蛋白表达(体外持续时间为3-5天,体内持续时间为7-10天)(参见,例如,Sultana等人,“OptimizingCardiac Delivery of Modified mRNA,”Mol.Ther.25(6):1306-1315(2017)和Gam等人,“VEGF-A in Patients with Type 2Diabetes,”Nat.Comm.10:871(2019),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文)。
最近显示,修饰的mRNA(modRNA)可以在心脏中以高转染水平驱动瞬时、安全的基因表达,而不引发免疫应答或损害基因组(Major和Poss,“Zebrafish Heart Regenerationas a Model for Cardiac Tissue Repair,”Drug Discov.Today Dis.Models 4(4):219-225(2007)以及Heo和Lee,“β-Catenin Mediates Cyclic Strain-StimulatedCardiomyogenesis in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Through ROS-Dependent andIntegrin-Mediated PI3K/Akt Pathways,”J.Cell.Biochem.112(7):1880-1889(2011),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文)。如上文更详细所述,通过用修饰的核糖核苷酸取代核糖核苷酸来合成modRNA。使用这些修饰的核糖核苷酸导致改变合成的mRNA的二级结构,这阻止Toll样受体识别modRNA并允许其通过细胞内的核糖体机制翻译成功能性蛋白,而不引发免疫应答或损害基因组(Major和Poss,“Zebrafish Heart Regeneration as a Model forCardiac Tissue Repair,”Drug Discov.Today Dis.Models 4(4):219-225(2007)以及Heo和Lee,“β-Catenin Mediates Cyclic Strain-Stimulated Cardiomyogenesis in MouseEmbryonic Stem Cells Through ROS-Dependent and Integrin-Mediated PI3K/AktPathways,”J.Cell.Biochem.112(7):1880-1889(2011),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文)。
根据一些实施方式,相对于编码目的蛋白的第二核酸序列与同源5′UTR可操作地偶联时,第一核酸序列能够增加靶细胞中目的蛋白的翻译。在一些实施方式中,靶细胞中目的蛋白的翻译增加至少1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、6%、7%、8%、9%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、100%或更多。
如本文所述,靶细胞可以是哺乳动物细胞。例如,靶细胞可以是啮齿动物细胞(即小鼠或大鼠细胞)、兔细胞、豚鼠细胞、猫细胞、犬细胞、猪细胞、马细胞、牛细胞、绵羊细胞、猴细胞或人细胞。在某些实施方式中,靶细胞是人细胞。
合适的靶细胞包括在其谱系的任何阶段的原代或永生化细胞,例如分化细胞。合适的分化细胞包括但不限于脂肪细胞、软骨细胞、内皮细胞、上皮细胞(角质形成细胞、黑素细胞)、骨细胞(成骨细胞、破骨细胞)、肝脏细胞(胆管细胞、肝细胞)、肌肉细胞(心肌细胞、骨骼肌细胞、平滑肌细胞)、视网膜细胞(神经节细胞、米勒细胞、感光细胞)、视网膜色素上皮细胞、肾脏细胞(足细胞、近端小管细胞、集合管细胞、远端小管细胞)、肾上腺细胞(皮质肾上腺细胞、髓质肾上腺细胞)、胰腺细胞(α细胞、β细胞、δ细胞、ε细胞、胰腺多肽产生细胞、外分泌细胞)、肺细胞、骨髓细胞(早期B细胞发育、早期T细胞发育、巨噬细胞、单核细胞)、尿路上皮细胞细胞、成纤维细胞、甲状旁腺细胞、甲状腺细胞、下丘脑细胞、垂体细胞、唾液腺细胞、卵巢细胞和睾丸细胞。在一些实施方式中,靶细胞是心肌细胞或肝细胞。
本公开的另一方面涉及一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包括本文所述的核酸分子。
该药物组合物可以进一步包括转染试剂。在一些实施方式中,转染试剂是带正电荷的转染试剂。合适的转染试剂是本领域熟知的并且包括,例如,RNAiMAX(InvitrogenTM)、2000(InvitrogenTM)、3000(InvitrogenTM)、InvivofectamineTM 3.0(InvitrogenTM)、LipofectamineTMMessengerMAXTM(InvitrogenTM)、LipofectinTM(InvitrogenTM)、siLentFetTM(Bio-Rad)、DharmaFECTTM(Dharmacon)、HiPerFect(Qiagen)、(Mirus)、(Polyplus)、Trans-HiTM、(Polyplus)和ViaFectTM(Promega)。
该药物组合物可以进一步包括药学上可接受的载体。术语“药学上可接受的载体”是指在其施用的患者中未引起过敏反应或其他不良反应并且与制剂中的其他成分相容的载体。药学上可接受的载体包括,例如,药用稀释剂、辅料、或适当地选择于预期施用形式的载体,并且与常规药物实践一致。例如,固体载体/稀释剂包括但不限于树胶、淀粉(例如,玉米淀粉、预胶化淀粉)、糖(例如,乳糖、甘露醇、蔗糖、右旋糖)、纤维素材料(例如,微晶纤维素)、丙烯酸酯(例如,聚丙烯酸甲酯)、碳酸钙、氧化镁、滑石粉或它们的混合物。药学上可接受的载体可以进一步包括少量的辅助物质,诸如润湿剂或乳化剂、防腐剂或缓冲剂,它们可提高本文所述核酸分子的保质期或有效性。
本文公开的核酸分子和/或药物组合物可以根据任何可用的常规方法进行配制。优选剂型的实例包括片剂、粉剂、细粒剂、颗粒剂、包衣片剂、胶囊剂、糖浆剂、锭剂、吸入剂、栓剂、注射剂、软膏剂、眼用软膏剂、滴眼剂、滴鼻剂、滴耳剂、糊剂、洗剂等。在制剂中,可以使用常用的添加剂,诸如稀释剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、着色剂、矫味剂,以及必要时,稳定剂、乳化剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、pH调节剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂等。
此外,可以根据常规方法,通过组合通常用作药物制剂原料的组合物来配制药物组合物。这些组合物的实例包括,例如,(1)油,诸如大豆油、牛油和合成甘油酯;(2)烃类,诸如液体石蜡、角鲨烷和固体石蜡;(3)酯油,诸如辛基十二烷基肉豆蔻酸和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯;(4)高级醇,诸如鲸蜡硬脂醇和山嵛醇;(5)硅树脂;(6)硅油;(7)表面活性剂,诸如聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、甘油脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、固体聚氧乙烯蓖麻油和聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物;(8)水溶性高分子,诸如羟乙基纤维素、聚丙烯酸、羧基乙烯基聚合物、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和甲基纤维素;(9)低级醇,诸如乙醇和异丙醇;(10)多元醇,诸如甘油、丙二醇、二丙二醇和山梨糖醇;(11)糖类,诸如葡萄糖和蔗糖;(12)无机粉体,诸如无水硅酸、硅酸铝镁和硅酸铝;(13)纯净水等。
用于上述制剂的添加剂可以包括,例如,(1)乳糖、玉米淀粉、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇、山梨糖醇、结晶纤维素和二氧化硅作为稀释剂;(2)聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醚、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、阿拉伯树胶、黄蓍胶、明胶、虫胶、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙二醇-聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物、葡甲胺、柠檬酸钙、糊精、果胶等作为粘合剂;(3)淀粉、琼脂、明胶粉、结晶纤维素、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸钙、糊精、果胶、羧甲基纤维素/钙等作为崩解剂;(4)硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、聚乙二醇、二氧化硅、浓缩植物油等作为润滑剂;(5)其添加是药学上可接受的任何着色剂均足以作为着色剂;(6)可可粉、薄荷醇、芳香剂、薄荷油、肉桂粉作为调味剂;(7)其添加是药学上可接受的抗氧化剂,诸如抗坏血酸或α-生育酚。
本申请的另一方面涉及一种在靶细胞中表达目的蛋白的方法。该方法涉及提供本文所述的核酸分子或药物组合物以及使靶细胞与该核酸分子或药物组合物接触。该核酸分子被翻译以在靶细胞中表达目的蛋白。
如上所述,靶细胞可以是哺乳动物细胞。例如,靶细胞可以是啮齿动物细胞(即小鼠或大鼠细胞)、兔细胞、豚鼠细胞、猫细胞、犬细胞、猪细胞、马细胞、牛细胞、绵羊细胞、猴细胞或人细胞。在某些实施方式中,靶细胞是人细胞。
合适的靶细胞如上详细描述并且包括但不限于脂肪细胞、软骨细胞、内皮细胞、上皮细胞(角质形成细胞、黑素细胞)、骨细胞(成骨细胞、破骨细胞)、肝脏细胞(胆管细胞、肝细胞)、肌肉细胞(心肌细胞、骨骼肌细胞、平滑肌细胞)、视网膜细胞(神经节细胞、米勒细胞、感光细胞)、视网膜色素上皮细胞、肾脏细胞(足细胞、近端小管细胞、集合管细胞、远端小管细胞)、肾上腺细胞(皮质肾上腺细胞、髓质肾上腺细胞)、胰腺细胞(α细胞、β细胞、δ细胞、ε细胞、胰腺多肽产生细胞外分泌细胞)、肺细胞、骨髓细胞(早期B细胞发育、早期T细胞发育、巨噬细胞、单核细胞)、尿路上皮细胞细胞、成纤维细胞、甲状旁腺细胞、甲状腺细胞、下丘脑细胞、垂体细胞、唾液腺细胞、卵巢细胞和睾丸细胞。在具体实施方式中,靶细胞是心肌细胞或肝细胞。
在本文所述方法的某些实施方式中,靶细胞是缺血细胞。术语“缺血性”或“缺血”是指血流减少。缺血与递送至组织的营养物质(包括氧)减少有关。由于病症诸如动脉粥样硬化;动脉或静脉中形成血栓;栓塞物阻塞动脉或静脉,由于其他原因(例如血管痉挛)导致的血管闭合,可能出现缺血。此类病症可能减少血流,使器官或组织处于低灌注状态,或完全阻塞血流。可产生缺血的其他病症包括由于外伤或损伤引起的组织损伤,诸如,例如脊髓损伤或病毒感染,这可导致例如充血性心力衰竭。
术语“缺血性病症”是指急性缺血性病症,包括心肌梗死(MI)、缺血性卒中、肺栓塞、围产期缺氧、循环休克(例如,出血性、脓毒性、心源性、高山病,急性呼吸衰竭)和慢性缺血性病症,包括动脉粥样硬化、慢性静脉功能不全、慢性心力衰竭、心源性肝硬化、糖尿病、黄斑变性、睡眠呼吸暂停、Raynaud病、系统性硬化症、非细菌性血栓性心内膜炎、闭塞性动脉疾病、心绞痛、短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)和慢性酒精性肝病。当个体处于全身麻醉下时,也可能导致缺血性病症,这可能导致准备移植的器官组织损伤。心肌缺血病症(例如,心肌梗死)导致心肌细胞受损。
在一些实施方式中,靶细胞是缺血心肌细胞。当靶细胞是心肌细胞时,核酸分子可以被翻译以在心脏中表达目的蛋白。
肝脏缺血是许多临床情况(诸如肝切除术、肝移植和外伤)下的主要并发症(参见,例如,Konishi等人,“Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion:Mechanisms of Tissue Injury,Repair,and Regeneration,”Gene Expr.17(4):277-287,其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。构成肝脏主要实质组织的肝细胞可能在肝脏缺血期间受损。因此,在一些实施方式中,靶细胞是缺血肝细胞。当靶细胞是肝细胞时,核酸分子可以被翻译以在肝脏中表达目的蛋白。
根据一些实施方式,心肌细胞和肝细胞均被接触,并且核酸分子被翻译以在心脏和肝脏中表达目的蛋白。
在一些实施方式中,接触在靶细胞中的缺血事件之后进行。合适的缺血事件与如上详细描述的缺血性病症相关并且包括,例如,心肌梗死(MI)、缺血性卒中、肺栓塞、围产期缺氧和循环休克。
以下实施例证明,与非缺血细胞相比,包括具有羧化酶基因的5'UTR的至少一部分的第一核酸序列和编码报告蛋白的第二核酸序列的modRNA构建体选择性增强已发生缺血的细胞中报告分子翻译的能力。因此,在一些实施方式中,相对于非缺血靶细胞,接触有效地增加缺血靶细胞中目的蛋白的翻译。合适的目的蛋白在如上详细描述并且包括,例如,Lin28和Pkm2。
modRNA构建体可用于目的靶蛋白的瞬时表达。因此,在一些实施方式中,目的蛋白被瞬时表达。目的蛋白可以被瞬时表达1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10天或更多天。在一些实施方式中,目的蛋白被瞬时表达3-7天。
本申请的另一方面涉及一种治疗受试者的心脏缺血或肝脏缺血的方法。该方法涉及提供本文所述的核酸分子或药物组合物,以及使该受试者与本文所述的核酸分子或药物组合物接触,其中该核酸分子被翻译以在该受试者的心脏或肝脏中表达目的蛋白以治疗该受试者的心脏缺血或肝脏缺血。
在实施本申请的方法中,“治疗(treating或treatment)”包括抑制、预防、改善或延迟特定病症的发作。诊疗或治疗还涵盖病症或疾患的一种或多种症状的任何改善。与没有治疗干预的病症或疾病相比,诊疗或治疗涵盖对疾病进展的病症或病程的任何改变。
术语“疾患”和“疾病”被包含性地使用并且是指偏离正常的任何病症。因此,术语“缺血性病症”是指与缺血相关的任何病症、疾病或病症。
根据本申请的方法进行治疗的合适受试者包括但不限于驯养和非驯养动物,诸如啮齿动物(小鼠或大鼠)、猫、犬、兔、马、羊、猪和猴。在一些实施方式中,受试者是人受试者。示例性人受试者包括但不限于婴儿、儿童、成人和老年受试者。
在一些实施方式中,受试者需要治疗急性缺血性病症。合适的急性缺血性病症如上详细描述并且包括,例如,心肌梗死(MI)、缺血性卒中、肺栓塞、围产期缺氧和循环休克。
在一些实施方式中,受试者需要治疗慢性缺血性病症。合适的慢性缺血性病症如上所述并且包括,例如,动脉粥样硬化、慢性静脉功能不全、慢性心力衰竭、心源性肝硬化、糖尿病、黄斑变性、睡眠呼吸暂停、Raynaud病、系统性硬化症、非细菌性血栓性心内膜炎、闭塞性动脉疾病、心绞痛、TIA和慢性酒精性肝病。
在一些实施方式中,受试者需要治疗以心脏功能不足为特征的疾患。在一些实施方式中,本文公开的方法可用于治疗以下疾病或疾患:充血性心力衰竭、心肌病、心肌梗死、组织缺血、心脏缺血、血管疾病、获得性心脏病、先天性心脏病、动脉粥样硬化、心肌病、传导系统功能障碍、冠状动脉功能障碍、肺动脉高压。在一些实施方式中,该疾病选自由以下各项组成的组:充血性心力衰竭、冠状动脉疾病、心肌梗死、心肌缺血、动脉粥样硬化、心肌病、特发性心肌病、心律失常、肌营养不良、肌肉质量异常、肌肉退化、感染性心肌炎、药物或毒素诱发的肌肉异常、过敏性心肌炎、自身免疫性心内膜炎、先天性心脏病及其组合。
在一些实施方式中,该接触有效减轻与靶细胞类型的损失或功能障碍相关的缺血性疾病或病症的至少一种症状。在其他实施方式中,该接触有效介导与靶细胞类型的损失或功能障碍相关的缺血性疾病或病症的改善。在某些实施方式中,与未进行接触时的预期生存期相比,该接触可有效延长缺血事件后受试者的生存期。
可以进行本文所述的方法来治疗受试者的心脏缺血、肝脏缺血,或心肌缺血和肝脏缺血两者。在一些实施方式中,治疗受试者的心脏缺血并且使受试者中的心肌细胞与核酸分子接触。在其他实施方式中,治疗受试者的肝脏缺血并且使受试者中的肝细胞与核酸分子接触。当进行该方法来治疗受试者的心脏缺血和肝脏缺血两者时,使受试者中的心肌细胞和肝细胞与核酸分子接触。
在一些实施方式中,使受试者中的心肌细胞和肝细胞与本文所述的药物组合物接触。根据此类实施方式,该接触通过注射进行。
如上所述,目的蛋白可以被瞬时表达。术语“瞬时表达”是指来自非整合转基因的目的蛋白表达数小时、数天或数周的时间段,其中如果转基因被整合至基因组中或包含在靶宿主细胞中的稳定质粒复制子中,则表达时间段短于目的蛋白的表达时间。
目的蛋白可以是细胞周期诱导因子。合适的细胞周期诱导蛋白如上所述,并且包括,例如,Lin28和丙酮酸激酶肌同工酶M2(Pkm2)。
在一些实施方式中,该接触有效地将本文所述的核酸分子或药物组合物递送至受试者的特定组织。该组织可以是肌肉组织。例如,肌肉组织可以是骨骼肌、心肌或平滑肌。在一些实施方式中,组织是心肌。
根据本申请的方法,接触可以通过以下方式进行:口服、外用、透皮、肠胃外、皮下、静脉内、肌内、腹腔、通过鼻内滴注、通过腔内或膀胱内滴注、眼内、动脉内、病灶内或通过应用于粘膜。因此,在一些实施方式中,接触通过肌内、静脉内、皮下、口服或腹腔进行。在具体实施方式中,接触通过直接心肌内注射进行。
用于注射的制剂可以以单位剂型提供,例如,在安瓿中或在多剂量容器中,并添加防腐剂。组合物可以采取诸如在油性或水性溶媒中的混悬剂、溶液或乳剂的形式,并且可以包含配方剂,诸如混悬剂、稳定剂和/或分散剂。
用于初始接触和进一步剂量或用于连续接触步骤的合适方案可以全部相同或可以是可变的。技术人员可以从本公开、本文引用的文件和本领域的公知确定合适的方案。
体外剂量单位(例如,用于接触6孔、12孔、24孔或96孔板中的靶细胞)可以包括,例如,0.1至10μg、0.5至10μg、1至5μg、1至10μg、1至15μg、和1至20μg(例如,0.1μg、0.2μg、0.3μg、0.4μg、0.5μg、0.6μg、0.7μg、0.8μg、0.9μg、1μg、2μg、3μg、4μg、5μg、6μg、7μg、8μg、9μg、10μg、11μg、12μg、13μg、14μg、15μg、16μg、17μg、18μg、19μg、20μg)的本文所述的化合物。
体内剂量单位(例如,用于接触受试者体内的靶细胞)可以包括,例如,1至100μg、10至100μg、15至100μg、20至100μg、25至100μg、和1至200μg(例如,1μg、2μg、3μg、4μg、5μg、6μg、7μg、8μg、9μg、10μg、11μg、12μg、13μg、14μg、15μg、20μg、25μg、30μg、35μg、40μg、45μg、50μg、55μg、60μg、65μg、70μg、75μg、80μg、85μg、90μg、95μg、100μg、110μg、120μg、130μg、140μg、150μg、160μg、170μg、180μg、190μg、200μg)的本文所述的化合物。在一些实施方式中,体内剂量单位包括,例如,1至10mg、1至20mg、1至30mg、1至40mg、1至50mg、1至60mg、1至70mg、1至80mg、1至90mg、1至100mg、10至100mg、20至100mg、30至100mg、40至100mg、50至100mg、60至100mg、70至100mg、80至100mg、和90至100mg(例如,1mg、2mg、3mg、4mg、5mg、6mg、7mg、8mg、9mg、10mg、11mg、12mg、13mg、14mg、15mg、16mg、17mg、18mg、19mg、20mg、25mg、30mg、35mg、40mg、45mg、50mg、55mg、60mg、65mg、70mg、75mg、80mg、85mg、90mg、95mg、100mg)的本文所述的化合物。
在一些实施方式中,使受试者与一个剂量的本文所述的核酸分子或药物组合物接触。在其他实施方式中,使受试者与本文所述的核酸分子或药物组合物以一系列连续的两个或更多个剂量接触。在一些其他实施方式中,当受试者以单剂量、两剂量和/或多于两剂量与本文所述的核酸分子或药物组合物接触时,剂量可以相同或不同,并且它们以它们之间的间隔相等或不相等进行施用。
受试者可以在宽时间范围内以多种频率与本文所述的核酸分子或药物组合物接触。在一些实施方式中,在少于一天的时间段内接触受试者。在其他实施方式中,在两天、三天、四天、五天或六天内接触受试者。在一些实施方式中,在数周的时间段内每周进行一次或多次接触。在其他实施方式中,在数周的时间段内进行接触,持续一个月至数个月。在各种实施方式中,在数个月的时间段内进行接触。在其他情况下,可以在一年或多年的时间段内进行接触。通常,治疗时长将与缺血性疾病过程的时长、所应用的疗法的有效性以及所治疗受试者的病症和反应成比例。根据一些实施方式,每天进行接触。
用于使受试者与本文所述的核酸分子或药物组合物接触的制剂的选择将取决于多种因素。其中重要的将是受试者的种类,所治疗的疾患、功能障碍或疾病的性质及其在受试者中的状态和分布,正在施用的其他疗法和药剂的性质,施用的最佳途径,通过该途径的生存率、给药方案和对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的其他因素。具体地,例如,合适的载体和其他添加剂的选择将取决于接触的确切途径和特定剂型的性质。
本申请的又一方面涉及一种识别用于选择性增强靶细胞或靶组织中异源目的蛋白的翻译的5′非翻译区(5′UTR)的方法。该方法涉及获得在疾病状况下包括靶细胞的活组织的第一样品和在非疾病状况下包括该靶细胞的活组织的第二样品;定量在该第一样品和第二样品中转录和翻译的基因;识别(i)相对于该第二样品,在该第一样品中以相似或较低水平转录和(ii)相对于该第二样品,在该第一样品中以较高水平翻译的基因;以及识别已识别的基因的5′UTR,其中已识别的5′UTR能够选择性增强靶细胞或靶组织中异源目的蛋白的翻译。
图11是示出识别本文所述的5′非翻译区(5′UTR)的方法的一个实施方式的流程图。在图10A中,步骤A对应于获得疾病样品(即在疾病状况下包括靶细胞的活组织的第一样品)和参考样品(即在非疾病状况下包括靶细胞的活组织的第二样品)的步骤;步骤B对应于疾病样品和参考样品(即第一样品和第二样品)中的蛋白质组分析(即定量翻译的基因)和转录组分析(即定量转录的基因);步骤C对应于识别(i)相对于第二样品,在第一样品中以相似或较低水平转录和(ii)相对于第二样品,在第一样品中以较高水平翻译的基因;以及步骤D对应于识别已识别的基因的5′UTR,其中已识别的5′UTR能够选择性增强异源目的蛋白在靶细胞或靶组织中的翻译。
在一些实施方式中,已识别的5′UTR对应于编码蛋白的基因,该基因在疾病状况下比在参考状况下被翻译高至少1.1倍、1.2倍、1.3倍、1.4倍、1.5倍、1.6倍、1.7倍、1.8倍、1.9倍、2.0倍、2.1倍、2.3倍、2.4倍、2.5倍、2.6倍、2.7倍、2.8倍、2.9倍或3.0倍。已识别的5′UTR可以对应于编码蛋白的基因,该基因在疾病状况下比在参考状况下被转录少至少0.9倍、0.8倍、0.7倍、0.6倍、0.5倍、0.4倍、0.3倍、0.2倍或0.1倍。
该方法可以进一步涉及在识别已识别的基因的5′UTR之前或之后选择5′UTR小于100个核苷酸的基因。
在一些实施方式中,该方法进一步涉及提供编码可操作地偶联至已识别的5′UTR的报告蛋白的第一修饰的mRNA(modRNA)构建体;提供编码可操作地偶联至参考5′UTR的报告蛋白的第二modRNA构建体;在疾病状况和非疾病状况下在目的细胞或组织中表达该第一modRNA构建体和该第二modRNA构建体;在疾病状况和非疾病状况下测量从该第一modRNA构建体和第二modRNA构建体中的每一个表达报告蛋白;以及确定与该第二modRNA构建体的参考5′UTR相比,该第一modRNA构建体的已识别的5′UTR是否选择性增强疾病组织中的蛋白翻译。
根据本申请的该方面的方法可以进一步包括提供modRNA分子,其包括可操作地偶联至已识别的5′UTR的一部分的异源目的蛋白,以及比较在疾病状况下该靶细胞中该目的蛋白的翻译与在非疾病状况下该靶细胞中该目的蛋白的翻译;以及基于所述比较,识别在疾病状况下选择性增强目的蛋白从modRNA分子翻译的核酸序列。在一些实施方式中,目的蛋白不是报告蛋白。目的蛋白可以包括细胞周期诱导因子。合适的细胞周期诱导因子如上所述并且包括,例如,Lin28和Pkm2。
合适的modRNA修饰如上详细描述。在一些实施方式中,modRNA包括假尿苷或甲基假尿苷。
在一些实施方式中,疾病状况是缺血。合适的缺血性病症如上详细描述并且包括,例如,急性和慢性缺血性病症。
在一些实施方式中,该疾病是癌症、自身免疫性疾患、细菌感染、病毒感染、炎症、纤维化疾患、代谢疾患、肿瘤、心血管或脑血管疾患、皮肤疾患,或者其中表达或可能期望表达治疗性目的蛋白以改善细胞、组织或受试者中的疾病状况的任何疾病或疾患。
根据某些实施方式,样品获自哺乳动物。例如,样品可以是啮齿动物(例如,小鼠或大鼠)样品、兔样品、豚鼠样品、猫样品、犬样品、猪样品、马样品、牛样品、绵羊样品、非人灵长类动物(例如,猴)样品或人样品。在一些实施方式中,哺乳动物是啮齿动物或人。人可以是但不限于婴儿、儿童、成人或老年人。
本申请可以参照以下实施例进一步说明。
实施例
以下实施例旨在举例说明本公开的实施方式的实践,但决不旨在限制其范围。
实施例1-7的材料和方法
小鼠
所有动物程序均根据西奈山伊坎医学院机构护理和使用委员会批准的方案进行。CFW小鼠用于研究。手术前,用100mg/kg氯胺酮和10mg/kg甲苯噻嗪的混合物麻醉小鼠。对于蛋白表达,小鼠在开胸手术期间接受直接注射入心肌的柠檬酸盐缓冲液中的25μg的modRNA。需要时,在左前降支动脉(LAD)结扎后立即将25μg的modRNA注射至边界区,并进行3次注射。
ModRNA合成
使用质粒模板(GeneArt,ThermoFisher Scientific)产生的干净的PCR产物作为mRNA的模板。modRNA通过体外转录产生并且使用以下各项的定制核糖核苷共混物:抗反向帽类似物、3'-O-Me-m7G(5')ppp(5')G(6mM,TriLink Biotechnologies)或抗反向帽类似物(ARCA)或试剂AG、三磷酸鸟苷(1.5mM,Life Technologies)、三磷酸腺苷(7.5mM,Life Technologies)、三磷酸胞苷(7.5mM,Life Technologies)和N1-甲基假尿苷-5-三磷酸(7.5mM,TriLink Biotechnologies)。mRNA用MEGAclearTM试剂盒(LifeTechnologies)纯化,并用热敏磷酸酶(New England Biolabs)处理。然后用MEGAclearTM试剂盒再次纯化。在NanoDropTM光谱仪(ThermoFisher Scientific)上对mRNA进行定量,用乙醇和乙酸铵沉淀,并重悬于10mM Tris-HCl和1mM EDTA中。
大鼠新生心肌细胞(RNCM)分离
使用PierceTM原代心肌细胞分离试剂盒(ThermoFisher Scientific,货号88282)从3-4日龄的Sprague-Dawley幼鼠分离心室RNCM。分离后,细胞在10%马血清DMEM中孵育;16小时后,更换培养基,加入心肌细胞生长补充剂,并用modRNA转染细胞。
体外modRNA转染
使用转染试剂(Polyplus)将24孔板中的2.5μg/孔荧光素酶(Luc)modRNA或6孔板中的10μg/孔nGFP modRNA转染到新生大鼠心肌细胞(CM)中。根据生产商的方案制备转染混合物,然后加入在含有10%胎牛血清(FBS)和抗-抗的DMEM培养基中培养的细胞中。然后,在转染后24小时,对任一种细胞进行成像以测量中的表达水平(图5A-5F)或收集细胞裂解物并通过蛋白质印记分析。
心脏缺血损伤
通过永久结扎左前降支动脉(LAD)诱发心肌梗死(MI)。对左胸区域进行剃毛和消毒。插管后,通过左侧开胸暴露心脏。LAD用缝线结扎。在MI后4和23小时收集无(假手术)或有缺血损伤(MI)的小鼠心脏(图1A)。收集缺血区域组织(或假手术心脏中的等同区域),分成两块,并快速冷冻。一半缺血心脏组织被送去进行RNAseq,而另一半被送去进行蛋白质组学分析,以分别评价MI与假手术心脏之间的基因和蛋白变化倍数。
需要时,在LAD结扎后立即将25μg modRNA注射至梗塞边界区。开胸手术和皮肤分层缝合。排出胸腔中多余的空气,并且当建立正常呼吸时将小鼠从通气中移除。
肝脏缺血损伤
通过关闭左外侧叶和正中一小时来诱导肝脏缺血。在移除夹子后立即三次注射25μg modRNA至左侧叶中。
肾脏缺血损伤
通过向肾动脉和肾静脉应用微型夹来诱导肾脏缺血。成功的缺血可以通过肾脏逐渐均匀变黑来目视确认。30分钟后取下夹子,三次注射25μgmodRNA至肾脏中。
体内modRNA递送
TB缓冲液中总体积为60μl的25μg Luc modRNA通过直接注射递送至心肌。含有在无核酸酶水中的20μl蔗糖(0.3g/mL)和20μl柠檬酸盐(0.1M,pH 7;Sigma)的蔗糖-柠檬酸盐缓冲液与20μL modRNA混合。将转染混合物直接注射(三次单独注射,每次20μl)至心脏、肾脏或肝脏中。
使用系统在不同时间点(4-144小时)对转染细胞(24-72小时)或注射小鼠进行生物发光成像。为了在体外观察表达萤火虫荧光素酶(Luc)的细胞,将D-荧光素加入细胞培养板中,并在系统(Spectrum NCRR S10-RR026561-01)中拍摄图像。为了在体外观察表达海肾荧光素酶的细胞,用培养基洗涤细胞两次,并将海肾荧光素酶底物加入细胞培养板中。使用发射滤光器500拍摄图像。为了观察体内表达Luc的组织,用异氟醚(Abbott Laboratories)麻醉小鼠,并腹腔注射荧光素(150μg/g体重;Sigma)。每2分钟使用成像系统对小鼠进行成像,直至Luc信号达到平稳状态。使用活体软件(PerkinElmer)分析和定量成像数据。
蛋白质印记
收集细胞裂解物并在MES运行缓冲液(Invitrogen)中于还原条件下在12%预制Nupage Bis/Tris凝胶(Invitrogen)中进行SDS-PAGE。通过在具有Nupage-MOPS转移缓冲液(Invitrogen)的半干转移装置中进行印迹,将得到的条带转移到硝酸纤维素膜(Bio-Rad)上。通过与含有5%干奶粉的TBS/孵育来封闭膜,并在4℃下与特异性一抗孵育过夜。然后在TBS/中洗涤并在室温下与偶联辣根过氧化物酶的兔或山羊二抗孵育1小时。用增强的化学发光(ECL)检测系统(Pierce)检测抗体结合。使用预染蛋白标准品(Amersham)测定分子量。
RNA分离
RNA测序
具有多聚(A)尾的RNA由康奈尔医学院的Epigenomics Core使用mRNA Seq SamplePrep试剂盒(Illumina)制备,并用于创建用于HiSeq2000测序的文库(Illumina)。单个50bp读数用于测序。每个样品平均获得3000万次读取,平均质量评分为35.2。软件用于数据分析。RNA-Seq读数与STAR版本2.53a的mm10比对。通过将Partek E/M算法应用于UCSC RefSeq 2017-08-02生成读取计数。使用TMM算法对计数进行归一化,并使用GSA算法进行统计分析。本研究中使用的RNAseq数据可使用登录号GSE138201获得,其通过引用以其全文并入本文。
蛋白质质谱
所有溶剂均为HPLC级,购自Sigma-Aldrich,并且所有未另行说明的化学品均购自Sigma-Aldrich。为了充分制备,样品在Biognosys的裂解缓冲液中用TissueLyserII珠磨机(QIAGEN)使用不锈钢研磨珠在30Hz下裂解3分钟。样品在裂解后用benzonase处理以减少DNA污染。使用UV/VIS分光光度计(SPECTROstar Nano,BMG LABTECH)估计裂解物的蛋白浓度。使用Biognosys的变性缓冲液使每个样品中约100μg的蛋白变性,在37℃下使用Biognosys的还原溶液还原60分钟,然后在室温下避光使用Biognosys的烷基化溶液烷基化30分钟。随后,在37℃下使用3μg胰蛋白酶(Promega)对肽进行消化过夜。
根据生产商的说明使用C18 MacroSpincolumns(The Nest Group)使肽脱盐,并使用SpeedVac系统干燥。接下来,将肽重悬于50μl LC溶剂A(1%乙腈,0.1%甲酸(FA))中,并加标Biognosys的iRT试剂盒校准肽。使用UV/VIS分光光度计(SPECTROstar Nano,BMGLABTECH)测定肽浓度。
对于HPRP分级分离,合并来自每个条件的等体积样品入池。将氢氧化铵加入所有池中,使其pH值>10。使用Dionex UltiMate 3000RS泵(Thermo Scientific)在AcquityUPLC CSH C18 1.7μm、2.1×150mm色谱柱(Waters)上进行分级分离。梯度为10min内2%至35%溶剂B;溶剂为A:20mM甲酸铵H2O溶液,B:乙腈。每15秒提取级分并依次合并至4个级分池中。将它们干燥并溶解在20μl溶剂A中。在进行质谱分析之前,使其加标Biognosys的iRTkit校准肽。使用UV/VIS分光光度计(SPECTROstar Nano,BMG LABTECH)测定肽浓度。
对于LC-MS/MS(鸟枪法)测量,将2μg肽上样至内部填充的C18色谱柱((Maisch),1.9μm粒径,孔径;75μm内径,50cm长度,New Objective)在连接到配备标准纳米电喷雾源的Q ExactiveTM HF(ThermoFisher Scientific)质谱仪的纳米液相色谱系统(Easy nLCTM 1200系统,ThermoFisher Scientific)上。LC溶剂为A:含0.1%FA的1%乙腈水溶液;B:含0.1%FA的15%水的乙腈溶液。非线性LC梯度为在60分钟内1-55%溶剂B,然后为在10秒内55-90%B,90%B持续10分钟,90%-1%B持续10秒和1%B持续5分钟。使用改良的TOP15方法(Scheltema等人,“The Q Exactive HF,a Benchtop MassSpectrometer with a Pre-Filter,High-Performance Quadrupole and an Ultra-High-Field Orbitrap Analyzer,”Mol.Cell Proteomics 13:3698-3708(2014),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。
使用Biognosys的搜索引擎Pulsar(版本1.0.16105)分析质谱数据,肽和蛋白水平的错误发现率设置为1%。搜索引擎使用小鼠UniProt FASTA数据库(小家鼠,2017-07-01),允许2个漏切位点和可变修饰(N-末端乙酰化、甲硫氨酸氧化)。
对于LC-MS/MS HRM测量,将每个样品2μg肽上样至C18柱((Maisch),1.9μm粒径,孔径;75μm内径,50cm长度,New Objective)在连接到配备标准纳米电喷雾源的Q ExactiveTM HF(ThermoFisher Scientific)质谱仪的纳米液相色谱系统(Easy nLCTM 1200系统,ThermoFisher Scientific)上。LC溶剂为A:含0.1%甲酸的1%乙腈水溶液;B:含0.1%甲酸的15%水的乙腈溶液。非线性LC梯度为在60分钟内1-52%溶剂B,然后为在10秒内52-90%B和90%B持续10分钟。使用了具有一次全范围调查扫描和14个DIA窗口的DIA方法。
使用SpectronautTM Pulsar软件(Biognosys)分析HRM质谱数据。肽和蛋白水平的错误发现率设置为1%;使用基于行的提取过滤数据。该项目中生成的测定文库(蛋白质清单)用于分析。用SpectronautTM分析的HRM测量值使用局部回归归一化进行归一化(Callister等人,“Normalization Approaches for Removing Systematic BiasesAssociated with Mass Spectrometry and Label-Free Proteomics,”J.ProteomeRes.5:277-286(2006),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。
合并蛋白质组学和转录组学数据
对于蛋白质组学/转录组学合并,转录组学数据集中包含的基因ID与小鼠UniProtSwiss-Prot蛋白质组中的基因名称相匹配。
荧光素酶活性测定与RNA蛋白相关性的统计分析
所有统计分析均使用GraphPad-Prism软件进行。值报告为平均值±SD。使用单因素ANOVA结合邦费罗尼校正(Bonferroni correction)(*p<0.05认为显著)用于组间比较。计算Parson R相关性以了解mRNA表达变化和蛋白水平变化之间的相关性。
实施例1-表征缺血心脏转录组和蛋白质组
为了表征MI后心脏LV转录组和蛋白质组的动态,分析MI后4小时和24小时小鼠LV中基因表达变化和蛋白水平变化,并与来自假手术小鼠的LV的变化进行比较(图1A)。在分析的样品中总共检测到14,552个基因和2,397个蛋白质。在比较这两个数据集时,发现2,272个基因具有相应蛋白质。在所有具有相应蛋白质的基因中,239个基因和120个蛋白质在MI后4小时出现差异表达(q值<0.05)。MI后24小时,有1,702个基因和272个蛋白质出现差异表达。基因表达(图1B,图2A)和蛋白水平(图1C)的分层聚类树状图显示,在这两种情况下,实验组聚类在一起,证明MI后转录组和蛋白质组具有显著差异。
皮尔逊相关性分析揭示了MI后4小时(r平方=0.02,图1D)和MI后24小时(r平方=0.13,图1E)的基因表达变化和蛋白表达变化之间呈正相关。在MI后缺血心脏中基因表达变化和蛋白水平变化以及寻找可能提高MI后心脏中modRNA翻译的5'UTR元件之间发现显著相关性。
实施例2-识别增加心肌梗死(MI)后心脏中modRNA翻译的5'UTR元件
为了识别在mRNA和蛋白表达之间具有显著非相关关性的基因,筛选(i)编码在MI后4小时或24小时水平升高的蛋白(变化倍数>2)的基因,(ii)在MI后4小时或24小时下调的mRNA(变化倍数<0.64),和(iii)进行短于100bp的5'UTR。分别在MI后4小时(图1F)和24小时(图1G)识别3和18个基因,其中每一个基因均显示出高蛋白表达,与假手术心脏相比,伴随着mRNA水平较低或不变。识别这19个基因中具有最短5'UTR的5个基因(因为Fmd5和Serpina1b在4小时和24小时筛选结果中均存在)(Gsn、Pzf、Serpina 1b、Fn3k和Ces1d)(图1F-1G;表4)。所选基因的蛋白表达上调,与心肌梗死后的mRNA表达无关。此外,使用qPCR和蛋白质印记验证Ces1d表达结果,显示与RNAseq和蛋白质组学分析评价的相似的mRNA和蛋白表达(图2B-2D)。
表4.来自图1F和图1G的选定基因的5'UTR序列。
实施例3-Ces1d的5'UTR增加modRNA在心肌细胞中的体外表达
为了评价表4中识别的基因的5'UTR的翻译效率,设计和生成五个Luc modRNA构建体各自携带来自所选基因之一的5'UTR(即Gsn、Pzf、Serpina1b、Fn3k和Ces1d)(图3A)。还生成对照Luc modRNA构建体(Luc-对照),该构建体携带通常用于体外modRNA产生的人工36个核苷酸5'UTR(参见,例如,Warren等人,“Highly Efficient Reprogramming toPluripotency and Directed Differentiation of Human Cells with SyntheticModified mRNA,”Cell Stem Cell 7:618-630(2010),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。体外筛选显示所有检测的Luc modRNA构建体均允许新生大鼠心肌细胞中的modRNA蛋白翻译(图3B-3C)。然而,与Luc-对照modRNA构建体相比,包括来自Gsn、Pzf、Serpina 1b或Fn3k的5'UTR的Luc modRNA构建体显示出显著较低的翻译效率(图3C)。有意思的是,与Luc-对照modRNA构建体相比,包括Ces1d的5'UTR的Luc modRNA构建体(Luc-Ces1d)显示出modRNA翻译增加23%(图3C,图4A-4B)。
为了证实使用Luc-Cesld构建体的modRNA翻译增加不是由于不同的转染效率,在新生大鼠心肌细胞中共转染萤火虫Luc 5'UTR modRNA构建体和包括对照5'UTR(作为内部对照)的海肾Luc modRNA构建体(海肾Luc-对照)进行平行体外实验(图4A)。转染后24小时,使用系统在体外同时测量两种不同荧光素酶(萤火虫和海肾)modRNA的翻译(图4B)。与图3F中所示的结果相似,与Luc-对照modRNA构建体相比,Luc-Ces1d modRNA构建体产生显著更高的萤火虫Luc信号(这表明翻译效率显著提高),而在使用海肾Luc-对照modRNA构建体产生的海肾Luc信号中没有相应的显著变化(图4B-4C)。这些结果表明,modRNA构建体的高翻译效率是由于使用Ces1d 5'UTR而不是由于不同的转染效率。
为了进一步证实这一发现,生成包括Ces1d的5'UTR(eGFP-Ces1d)或上述人工36个核苷酸5'UTR(eGFP-对照)的eGFP modRNA构建体。通过蛋白质印记评价在新生大鼠心肌细胞中eGFP-Ces1d和eGFP-对照构建体的eGFP翻译水平。与Luc modRNA结果相似,与eGFP-对照相比,eGFP-Ces1d的modRNA翻译增加了22%(图3D)。
实施例4-Ces1d的5'UTR增加modRNA在心肌细胞中的体内表达
使用小鼠心肌梗死模型来进一步评价在体外显示出最高翻译水平的三种LucmodRNA构建体(Luc-Pzp、Luc-Serpina 1b和Luc-Ces1d)的翻译效率(图3B-3D)。在MI后24小时、48小时、72小时和96小时测量Luc-Pzp、Luc-Serpina 1b、Luc-Ces1d和Luc-对照modRNA构建体的体内翻译效率(图3E)。图3F证明注射Luc-Ces1d modRNA导致显著地(2倍)更高的荧光素酶信号,这表明modRNA构建体的翻译显著高于Luc-对照modRNA构建体、Luc-PzpmodRNA构建体或Luc-Serpina 1b modRNA构建体。
实施例5-Luc-Ces1d modRNA在小鼠心脏中的药代动力学评价
为了确定Ces1d的5'UTR在其他情况下是否调节蛋白质翻译,在非缺血(图5A-5B)和缺血心脏小鼠模型(图5C-5D,图6A-6B)中评价Luc-Ces1d和Luc-对照modRNA介导的翻译。虽然在注射后24小时、48小时或72小时(图5B)的心脏中,与Luc-对照modRNA相比,Luc-Ces1d modRNA翻译水平没有显著的变化(图5B),但MI后48小时-数天观察到的Luc-Ces1d翻译显著多于Luc-对照翻译(图5D;图6B)。这些结果表明,Ces1d的5'UTR可能仅在缺血状况下(如MI)增强心脏中的modRNA翻译。
实施例6-Luc-Ces1d modRNA在小鼠肝脏和肾脏中的药代动力学评价
接下来评价Ces1d的5'UTR在缺血状况下在心脏以外的器官中的modRNA翻译中的作用。由于急性肝脏或肾脏缺血可能导致肝脏或肾脏功能衰竭,这可能是致命的,因此选择肝脏和肾脏作为缺血性疾病的代表器官。与心脏相似,与Luc-对照modRNA表达相比,肝脏中的缺血损伤显著地增加Luc-Ces1d modRNA表达(递送后4小时)(图6C-6D,图7A-7D)。与心脏相似,在没有缺血损伤的肝脏组之间未观察到显著的差异(图7A-7B)。然而,与Luc-对照相比,Luc-Ces1d modRNA在肾脏中在缺血和非缺血状况下没有显著的翻译差异(图6E-6F,图7E-7H)。
实施例7-RNA元件D增加心肌梗死后的modRNA翻译
为了识别Ces1d的5'UTR中的RNA元件,该元件负责显著地增强携带Ces1d的5'UTR的modRNA的翻译,对不同物种(例如,小鼠、大鼠、猪、沙鼠和人)之间保守的共有元件进行检查。有意思的是,识别的五个元件中有四个(元件B-E)在物种之间具有保守性(图8A)。基于此信息,生成五个Luc modRNA构建体,每个构建体均携带不同的Ces1d的RNA元件作为其5'UTR(即Luc-元件A、Luc-元件B、Luc-元件C、Luc-元件D和Luc-元件E modRNA构建体)。与Luc-Ces1d modRNA相比,在新生大鼠心肌细胞中评价每种构建体的翻译能力(图8B-8C)。对于Luc-元件A modRNA构建体、Luc-元件B modRNA构建体、Luc-元件C modRNA构建体和Luc-元件E modRNA构建体观察到翻译能力显著降低,但对于Luc-元件D modRNA构建体未观察到(图8C)。因此假设元件D是负责Luc-Ces1d更高翻译能力的RNA元件。
为了证实元件D是负责Luc-Cesld modRNA更高翻译能力的RNA元件,将Luc-Cesld和Luc-元件D的表达与Luc-对照在缺血心脏模型中为期三天的表达进行比较(图8D)。图8E证明与Luc-对照modRNA相比,包括Ces1d的5'UTR或Ces1d的元件D的Luc modRNA构建体具有增加的翻译。出乎意料地,仅Ces1d的元件D在MI后3天在心脏中具有显著地更高的翻译率(图8E)。总体上,结合三天的读数,MI后心脏中的Luc-元件D翻译比广泛使用的人工5'UTRLuc-对照高2.5倍。然而,Luc-元件D在肝脏缺血损伤(图9A-9B)中未能比Luc-Ces1d增加翻译,在心脏非缺血损伤(图10A-10B)中未能超过Ces1d-Luc或Luc-对照。
实施例1-7的讨论
modRNA作为基因递送工具的使用在治疗医学领域正在增长。本文提供的结果表明,modRNA可用于诱导心脏保护、心血管再生和缺血损伤后的心血管再生(Hadas等人,“Modified mRNA as a Therapeutic Tool to Induce Cardiac Regeneration inIschemic Heart Disease,”Wiley Interdiscip.Rev.Syst.Biol.Med.9(2017),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。在MI小鼠模型中的VEGF-A modRNA的立即递送已显示可诱导心血管再生(Zangi等人,“Modified mRNA Directs the Fate of Heart Progenitor Cells andInduces Vascular Regeneration after Myocardial Infarction,”Nat.Biotechnol.31:898-907(2013),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。一项对大型动物的跟踪研究表明,在MI后一周内递送VEGF-A modRNA可显著地改善心脏功能(Carlsson等人,“Biocompatible,Purified VEGF-A mRNA Improves Cardiac Function after Intracardiac Injection1Week Post-myocardial Infarction in Swine,”Mol.Ther.Methods Clin.Dev.9:330-346(2018),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。最近,2型糖尿病患者的皮内VEGF-A modRNA递送被证明具有安全性,并且可能促进血管生成(Gan等人,“Intradermal Delivery ofModified mRNA Encoding VEGF-A in Patients with Type 2Diabetes,”Nat.Commun.10:871(2019),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。
VEGF-A modRNA目前正在2a期人体临床试验中,以评价其改善心力衰竭患者的心脏功能。并行地,其他研究小组正在使用modRNA在不同肝病的临床前研究中递送不同的靶基因,包括因子IX缺乏型血友病B的模型(DeRosa等人,“Therapeutic Efficacy in aHemophilia B Model Using aBiosynthetic mRNA Liver Depot System,”Gene Ther.23:699-707(2016),其通过引用以其全文并入本文);急性间歇性卟啉病(Jiang等人,“Systemic Messenger RNA as an Etiological Treatment for Acute IntermittentPorphyria,”Nat.Med.24:1899-1909(2018),其通过引用以其全文并入本文);1A型糖原贮积病(Roseman等人,“G6PC mRNA Therapy Positively Regulates Fasting BloodGlucose and Decreases Liver Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of GlycogenStorage Disease 1a,”Mol.Ther.26:814-821(2018),其通过引用以其全文并入本文);血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(Liu-Chen等人,“mRNA Treatment Produces SustainedExpression of Enzymatically Active Human ADAMTS13 in Mice,”Sci.Rep.8:7859(2018),其通过引用以其全文并入本文);α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症(Connolly等人,“SERPINA1mRNA as a Treatment for Alpha-1Antitrypsin Deficiency,”J.Nucleic Acids 2018:8247935(2018),其通过引用以其全文并入本文);1型Crigler-Najjar综合征(Apgar等人,“Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model of hUGT1A1-modRNAEncoding for theUGT1A1 Enzyme to Treat Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type 1,”CPT PharmacometricsSyst.Pharmacol.7:404-412(2018),其通过引用以其全文并入本文);和尿素循环障碍(Prieve等人,“Targeted mRNA Therapy for Ornithine TranscarbamylaseDeficiency,”Mol.Ther.26:801-813(2018),其通过引用以其全文并入本文),其靶基因分别为FIX、PBGD、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶、ADAMTS13、SERPINA1、胆红素-UGT、鸟氨酸和转氨甲酰酶。
如上所述,在寻找使用modRNA的新疗法时,已经对心脏和肝脏疾病均进行了大量的研究。转移到与modeRNA相关的大型动物和临床试验的一个障碍是需要大量的modeRNA来转染人或大型动物的心脏和肝脏。此外,由于modRNA的表达时间短,可能需要多次施用。为了减少施用大量和/或多剂量治疗性modRNA的需要,需要改进modRNA翻译,使得治疗有效量的蛋白可以从相对低量的modRNA有效地翻译。
RNA内的几个元件负责调节翻译,包括例如核苷酸类型、poly A尾长度、5'UTR、3'UTR和帽类似物结构。本文提供的结果表明,当使用1-M-假尿苷时,在modRNA中用1-M-假尿苷代替假尿苷导致心脏中更高的modRNA翻译(Sultana等人,“Optimizing CardiacDelivery of Modified mRNA,”Mol.Ther.25(6):1306-1315(2017),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。此外,发现更长的多聚A尾可以增加体内modRNA翻译。本文的实施例1-7描述了新型筛选方法,该方法比较蛋白质组学和转录组学分析以识别可以比先前modRNA出版物中使用的广泛使用的人工5'UTR更有效地增加缺血中modRNA翻译的5'UTR序列(Sultana等人,“Optimizing Cardiac Delivery of Modified mRNA,”Mol.Ther.25(6):1306-1315(2017);Hadas等人,“Optimizing Modified mRNA In Vitro Synthesis Protocol forHeart Gene Therapy,”Mol.Ther.Methods Clin.Dev.14(13):300-305(2019);Zangi等人,“Modified mRNA Directs the Fate of Heart Progenitor Cells and InducesVascular Regeneration after Myocardial Infarction,”Nat.Biotechnol.31:898-907(2013);Kormann等人,“Expression of Therapeutic Proteins after Delivery ofChemically Modified mRNA in Mice,”Nat.Biotechnol.29:154-157(2011);Kormann等人,“Expression of Therapeutic Proteins After Delivery of Chemically ModifiedmRNA in Mice,”Nat.Biotechnol.29:154-157(2011);Carlsson等人,“Biocompatible,Purified VEGF-A mRNA Improves Cardiac Function after Intracardiac Injection1Week Post-myocardial Infarction in Swine,”Mol.Ther.Methods Clin.Dev.9:330-346(2018);和Gan等人,“Intradermal Delivery of Modified mRNA Encoding VEGF-A inPatients with Type 2Diabetes,”Nat.Commun.10:871(2019),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文)。
本文提供的结果显示在缺血心脏中mRNA水平和蛋白强度中在MI后4小时和24小时两者呈正相关。还识别了19个负相关基因,其中mRNA水平降低或不变,而其蛋白水平在MI后4小时和24小时上调。物种之间的平均5'UTR长度为~100至~220个核苷酸(Pesole等人,“Structural and Functional Features of Eukaryotic mRNA Untranslated Regions,”Gene276:73-81(2001),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。在脊椎动物中,较长的5'UTR倾向于与翻译不良有关(Davuluri等人,“CART Classification of Human5'UTR sequences,”Genome Res.10:1807-1816(2000),其通过引用以其全文并入文本)。因此,选择5个具有最短5'UTR的基因进行评价(<100个碱基对)(图1A-1G)。
已报道mRNA水平和蛋白表达之间呈负相关,特别是当内部或外部刺激触发特定基因翻译的改变时。VEGF-A已显示是在许多情况下诸如缺氧和低血糖中的应激诱导蛋白(Shweiki等人,“Induction of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression byHypoxia and by Glucose Deficiency in Multicell Spheroids:Implications forTumor Angiogenesis,”Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA92:768-772(1995)和Akiri等人,Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor(VEGF)Expression is Mediatedby Internal Initiation of Translation and Alternative Initiation ofTranscription,”Oncogene 17:227-236(1998),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文)。其他响应内部或外部信号而发生翻译变化的基因是PDGF2和TGFβ(Tobin等人,“Consequences ofAltered TGF-beta Expression and Responsiveness in Breast Cancer:Evidence forAutocrine and Paracrine Effects,”Oncogene 21:108-118(2002),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。在胚胎阶段期间,当大多数器官发育和细胞分化发生时,翻译调节通过在特定时间范围内改变特定mRNA子集的表达水平而发挥关键作用,而大部分转录并不受影响(Jackson等人,“The Mechanism of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation andPrinciples of Its Regulation,”Nat.Rev.Mol.Cell Biol.11:113-127(2010);Sonenberg和Hinnebusch,“Regulation of Translation Initiation in Eukaryotes:Mechanisms and Biological Targets,”Cell 136:731-745(2009);以及Gebauer和Hentze,“Molecular Mechanisms of Translational Control”Nat.Rev.Mol.CellBiol.5:827-835(2004),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文)。
本文提供的结果识别了几种5'UTR,其可以允许在缺血损伤后在心脏或肝脏中翻译modRNA。Pzp和Serpina 1b 5'UTR均显示出与对照5'UTR序列不显著且相似的体内翻译能力(图3E-3F)。由于本文所述的研究中使用的对照5'UTR是修饰的RNA领域中最常用的5'UTR(Zangi等人,“Modified mRNA Directs the Fate of Heart Progenitor Cells andInduces Vascular Regeneration after Myocardial Infarction,”Nat.Biotechnol.31:898-907(2013);Carlsson等人,“Biocompatible,Purified VEGF-A mRNAImprovesCardiac Function after Intracardiac Injection 1Week Post-myocardialInfarction in Swine,”Mol.Ther.Methods Clin.Dev.9:330-346(2018);Kondrat等人,“Synthesis of Modified mRNA for Myocardial Delivery,”Methods in MolecularBiology 1521:127-138(2017);Lui等人,“Driving Vascular Endothelial Cell Fate ofHuman Multipotent Isl1+Heart Progenitors with VEGF Modified mRNA,”CellRes.23:1172-1186(2013);Magadum等人,“Ablation of a Single N-Glycosylation Sitein Human FSTL 1Induces Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Cardiac Regeneration,”Mol.Ther.Nucleic Acids 13:133-143(2018);Mohamed等人,“Regulation of Cell Cycleto Stimulate Adult Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Cardiac Regeneration,”Cell173:104-116e112(2018);和Turnbull等人,“Myocardial Delivery of LipidoidNanoparticle Carrying modRNA Induces Rapid and Transient Expression,”Mol.Ther.24:66-75(2016),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文),本文提供的结果表明所选5'UTR序列相对于优质对照表现优良的情况。
本文提出的研究侧重于Ces1d的5'UTR作为心脏和肝脏缺血状况中modRNA翻译的增强子(图3A-3F;图5A-5D;和图7A-7H)。Ces1d属于羧酸酯酶家族,在脂质代谢以及水解内源性酯类和硫酯类中具有重要作用。已知羧酸酯酶参与环境解毒以及前体药物代谢。Ces1d是人CES1的功能性小鼠直系同源物,在不同细胞和组织中具有相似的蛋白表达谱。Ces1d的一些作用与脂质代谢直接相关(Dominguez等人,“Integrated Phenotypic and Activity-Based Profiling Links Ces3 to Obesity and Diabetes,”Nat.Chem.Biol.10:113-121(2014);Lian等人,“Ces1d Deficiency Protects Against High-Sucrose Diet-InducedHepatic Triacylglycerol Accumulation,”J.Lipid Res.60:880-891(2019);和Marrades等人,“A Dysregulation in CES1,APOE and Other Lipid Metabolism-Related Genesis Associated to Cardiovascular Risk Factors Linked to Obesity,”Obes.Facts 3:312-318(2010),它们通过引用以其全文并入本文),这是正常心脏功能的重要过程。脂肪酸是有氧条件下的首选底物(Ford,“Alterations in Myocardial Lipid MetabolismDuring Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion,”Prog.Lipid Res.41:6-26(2002),其通过引用以其全文并入本文)。由于Ces1d参与被MI改变的脂质代谢,因此推测Ces1dmRNA被MI后心肌缺血触发而改善翻译。本文提供的结果表明元件D是Ces1d中负责提高MI后mRNA翻译的RNA元件(图7A-7H)。因此,需要在不同缺血状况下以及心脏、肝脏和肾脏以外的器官中评估元件D和Ces1d的5'UTR。有意思的是,Ces1d的5'UTR在缺血心脏和肝脏(而非肾脏)中提高翻译,因为所有三个器官均主要使用脂肪酸氧化来获取能量。该结果可能表明每个器官和生理状况将需要使用与本文所述类似的方法进行单独评价。
本文提供的结果将Ces1d的5'UTR和Ces1d的5'UTR中的元件D识别为改善缺血损伤后心脏和肝脏中modRNA翻译的RNA元件。这可能具有临床应用,因为在不同的心脏和肝脏疾病中,这两个器官均是modRNA的主要靶标。这些结果为设计可能携带Ces1d的5'UTR或Ces1d的元件D的优效modRNA构建体用于缺血性心脏和肝脏疾病的临床前研究提供了信息。本文提供的结果还提供了用于在正常或异常生理状况或疾病下筛选不同器官中的优效5'UTR的平台技术。
尽管本文已经详细描绘和描述了优选实施方式,但是对于相关领域的技术人员显而易见的是,在不背离本发明的精神的情况下,可以进行各种修改、添加、替换等,因此,这些被认为在所附权利要求中定义的本发明的范围内。
Claims (55)
1.一种核酸分子,所述核酸分子包括:
第一核酸序列,所述第一核酸序列包括羧酸酯酶基因的5′非翻译区(5′UTR)的至少一部分,和
编码目的蛋白的第二核酸序列,其中所述第二核酸序列与所述第一核酸序列异源并且可操作地偶联至所述第一核酸序列。
2.根据权利要求1所述的核酸分子,其中所述第一核酸和第二核酸是修饰的mRNA(modRNA)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的核酸分子,其中所述modRNA包括假尿苷或甲基假尿苷。
4.根据权利要求1所述的核酸分子,其中所述羧酸酯酶基因是羧酸酯酶1D(Ces1d)基因。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的核酸分子,其中所述羧化酶1D基因是鼠Ces1d。
6.根据权利要求5所述的核酸分子,其中所述第一核酸序列包括SEQ ID NO:1的核酸序列。
7.根据权利要求5所述的核酸分子,其中所述第一核酸序列包括SEQ ID NO:10的核酸序列。
8.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的核酸分子,其中所述羧酸酯酶基因是羧酸酯酶1(CES1)基因。
9.根据权利要求8所述的核酸分子,其中所述羧酸酯酶1(CES1)基因是人CES1。
10.根据权利要求9所述的核酸分子,其中所述第一核酸序列包括SEQ ID NO:5的核酸序列。
11.根据权利要求9所述的核酸分子,其中所述第一核酸序列包括SEQ ID NO:29的核酸序列。
12.根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的核酸分子,其中所述目的蛋白是细胞周期诱导因子。
13.根据权利要求12所述的核酸分子,其中所述细胞周期诱导因子选自由以下项组成的组:Lin28、丙酮酸激酶肌同工酶M2(Pkm2)、β-连环蛋白、caERBB2、Yes相关蛋白1(YAP)、周期蛋白D1和c-Myc。
14.根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的核酸分子,其中所述目的蛋白是报告蛋白。
15.根据权利要求14所述的核酸分子,其中所述报告蛋白是荧光蛋白或荧光素酶。
16.根据权利要求15所述的核酸分子,其中所述报告蛋白是荧光蛋白,并且所述荧光蛋白选自绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)、增强型绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)和黄色荧光蛋白(YFP)。
17.根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的核酸分子,其中相对于编码目的蛋白的所述第二核酸序列与同源5′UTR可操作地偶联时,所述第一核酸序列能够增加靶细胞中所述目的蛋白的翻译。
18.根据权利要求17所述的核酸分子,其中所述靶细胞是心肌细胞或肝细胞。
19.一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括根据权利要求1-18中任一项所述的核酸分子。
20.根据权利要求19所述的药物组合物,进一步包括:
药学上可接受的载体。
21.一种在靶细胞中表达目的蛋白的方法,所述方法包括:
提供根据权利要求1-18中任一项所述的核酸分子或根据权利要求19或权利要求20所述的药物组合物,以及
使靶细胞与所述核酸分子或药物组合物接触,其中所述核酸分子被翻译以在所述靶细胞中表达所述目的蛋白。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述靶细胞是哺乳动物细胞。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述靶细胞是人细胞或啮齿动物细胞。
24.根据权利要求21-23中任一项所述的方法,其中所述靶细胞是缺血细胞。
25.根据权利要求21-24中任一项所述的方法,其中所述靶细胞是心肌细胞或肝细胞。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述靶细胞是心肌细胞并且所述核酸分子被翻译以在心脏中表达所述目的蛋白。
27.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述靶细胞是肝细胞并且所述核酸分子被翻译以在肝脏中表达所述目的蛋白。
28.根据权利要求21-27中任一项所述的方法,其中心肌细胞和肝细胞均被接触,并且所述核酸分子被翻译以在心脏和肝脏中表达所述目的蛋白。
29.根据权利要求21-28中任一项所述的方法,其中所述接触在所述靶细胞中的缺血事件之后进行。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中相对于非缺血靶细胞,所述接触有效地增加缺血靶细胞中所述目的蛋白的翻译。
31.根据权利要求21-30中任一项所述的方法,其中所述目的蛋白被瞬时表达。
32.根据权利要求21-31中任一项所述的方法,其中所述接触每天进行。
33.一种治疗受试者的心脏缺血或肝脏缺血的方法,所述方法包括:
提供根据权利要求1-18中任一项所述的核酸分子或根据权利要求19或权利要求20所述的药物组合物,以及
使所述受试者与所述核酸分子或药物组合物接触,其中所述核酸分子被翻译以在所述受试者的心脏或肝脏中表达目的蛋白以治疗所述受试者的心脏缺血或肝脏缺血。
34.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其中进行所述方法以治疗所述受试者的心脏缺血。
35.根据权利要求33或权利要求34所述的方法,其中使所述受试者的心肌细胞与所述核酸分子接触。
36.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其中进行所述方法以治疗所述受试者的肝脏缺血。
37.根据权利要求33或权利要求36所述的方法,其中使所述受试者的肝细胞与所述核酸分子接触。
38.根据权利要求33-37中任一项所述的方法,其中进行所述方法以治疗所述受试者的心脏缺血和肝脏缺血。
39.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中使所述受试者的心肌细胞和肝细胞与所述核酸分子接触。
40.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中使所述受试者中的心肌细胞和肝细胞与所述药物组合物接触。
41.根据权利要求33-40中任一项所述的方法,其中所述接触通过注射进行。
42.根据权利要求33-41中任一项所述的方法,其中所述目的蛋白被瞬时表达。
43.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述目的蛋白是细胞周期诱导因子。
44.根据权利要求43所述的方法,其中所述细胞周期诱导因子选自由Lin28和丙酮酸激酶肌同工酶M2(Pkm2)组成的组。
45.根据权利要求33-44中任一项所述的方法,其中所述接触每天进行。
46.一种识别用于选择性增强靶细胞或靶组织中异源目的蛋白的翻译的5′非翻译区(5′UTR)的方法,所述方法包括:
获得在疾病状况下包括靶细胞的活组织的第一样品和在非疾病状况下包括所述靶细胞的活组织的第二样品;
定量在所述第一样品和第二样品中转录和翻译的基因;
识别(i)相对于所述第二样品,在所述第一样品中以相似或较低水平转录和(ii)相对于所述第二样品,在所述第一样品中以较高水平翻译的基因;以及
识别已识别的基因的5′UTR,其中已识别的5′UTR能够选择性增强靶细胞或靶组织中异源目的蛋白的翻译。
47.根据权利要求46所述的方法,进一步包括:
在识别所述已识别的基因的5′UTR之前或之后选择5′UTR小于100个核苷酸的基因。
48.根据权利要求46所述的方法,进一步包括:
提供第一修饰的mRNA(modRNA)构建体,其编码可操作地偶联至所述已识别的5′UTR的报告蛋白;
提供第二modRNA构建体,其编码可操作地偶联至参考5′UTR的报告蛋白;
在疾病状况和非疾病状况下在目的细胞或目的组织中表达所述第一modRNA构建体和所述第二modRNA构建体;
在疾病状况和非疾病状况下测量来自所述第一modRNA构建体和第二modRNA构建体中的每一个的所述报告蛋白的表达;以及
确定与所述第二modRNA构建体的所述参考5′UTR相比,所述第一modRNA构建体的所述已识别的5′UTR是否选择性增强疾病组织中的蛋白翻译。
49.根据权利要求46或权利要求47所述的方法,进一步包括:
提供modRNA分子,其包括可操作地偶联至所述已识别的5′UTR的一部分的异源目的蛋白,以及
比较在疾病状况下所述靶细胞中所述目的蛋白的翻译与在非疾病状况下所述靶细胞中所述目的蛋白的翻译;
基于所述比较,识别在疾病状况下选择性增强所述目的蛋白从所述modRNA分子翻译的核酸序列。
50.根据权利要求48或权利要求49所述的方法,其中所述modRNA包括假尿苷或甲基假尿苷。
51.根据权利要求46-50中任一项所述的方法,其中所述疾病是缺血。
52.根据权利要求46-50中任一项所述的方法,其中所述疾病是癌症。
53.根据权利要求56-52中任一项所述的方法,其中所述样品获自哺乳动物。
54.根据权利要求56所述的方法,其中所述哺乳动物是人。
55.根据权利要求53所述的方法,其中所述哺乳动物是啮齿动物。
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