CN114927825A - 具有除气收集器的牵引电池以及机动车 - Google Patents
具有除气收集器的牵引电池以及机动车 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于机动车的牵引电池,具有:多个电池单体;带有多个壳体壁的电池壳体,壳体壁包围用于容纳电池单体的容纳空间并且其中至少一个壳体壁具有用于将至少一个电池单体的热气体从容纳空间中排出的除气单元;和设置在容纳空间外部的具有除气空间的除气收集器,除气空间为了容纳从容纳空间中释放的热气体而能够通过该热气体膨胀。除气空间由电池壳体的具有除气单元的至少一个壳体壁以及板状的能至少部分地导热的热屏蔽部限定。热屏蔽部相对于壳体壁可线性移动地支承、能通过热气体被推离壳体壁以使除气空间膨胀,并且该热屏蔽部设计用于通过使由热气体运输的热量分布在除气空间中来冷却热气体。本发明还涉及机动车。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的牵引电池,该牵引电池具有:多个电池单体;带有多个壳体壁的电池壳体,所述壳体壁包围用于容纳电池单体的容纳空间并且其中至少一个壳体壁具有用于将所述电池单体中的至少一个电池单体的热气体从容纳空间中排出的除气单元;以及设置在容纳空间外部的具有除气空间的除气收集器,所述除气空间为了容纳从容纳空间中释放的热气体而能够通过该热气体膨胀。本发明还涉及一种机动车。
背景技术
当前关注用于可电驱动的机动车、即电动车辆或混合动力车辆的牵引电池。这种牵引电池通常具有多个相互连接的电池单体,这些电池单体设置在电池壳体的容纳空间中。这些电池单体通常分别具有一个除气元件,以便在故障情况下、例如在单体内部短路的情况下能够使在电池单体的单体壳体中产生的热气体从单体壳体逸出到容纳空间中。这也被称为紧急除气。电池壳体通常也具有除气单元,聚集在容纳空间中的热气体可以通过所述除气单元逸出。
由于通过热气体输送热和物质,所以热气体在从电池壳体排出时可能在环境空气处点燃。应避免在牵引电池外部的火焰,因为其它车辆部件可能着火。为此,DE102014213916A1建议,牵引电池配备有除气收集器,所述除气收集器能够通过热气体这样变形,使得由除气收集器包围的体积能够增大,并且热气体能够通过所述除气收集器被导出。所述除气收集器例如由柔性材料构成。
发明内容
本发明的任务是,提供一种用于机动车的牵引电池的除气收集器,该除气收集器特别节省空间地构造并且能够实现牵引电池的可靠紧急除气。
根据本发明,所述任务通过具有根据相应独立专利权利要求的特征的牵引电池以及机动车来解决。本发明的有利实施方式是从属专利权利要求、说明书以及附图的技术方案。
根据本发明的用于机动车的牵引电池具有多个电池单体和带有多个壳体壁的电池壳体,所述壳体壁包围用于容纳电池单体的容纳空间并且其中至少一个壳体壁具有用于将所述电池单体中的至少一个电池单体的热气体从容纳空间中排出的除气单元。牵引电池还具有设置在容纳空间外部的具有除气空间的除气收集器,所述除气空间为了容纳从容纳空间中释放的热气体而能够通过该热气体膨胀。所述除气空间由电池壳体的具有除气单元的所述至少一个壳体壁以及板状的、能至少部分地导热的热屏蔽部限定。所述热屏蔽部构造用于通过使由热气体运输的热量分布在除气空间中来冷却所述热气体。此外,所述热屏蔽部相对于壳体壁可线性移动地支承并且能够通过热气体被推离壳体壁以使除气空间膨胀。
可重复充电的牵引电池或者说牵引蓄电池例如可以构造成高压蓄能器。电池单体例如可以构造成棱柱形的电池单体、圆形单体或袋式单体。电池单体的单体壳体可以分别具有一个除气元件(例如爆裂膜片),其设计用于允许一个电池单体的紧急除气或损坏。在此,通过热气体将热量或热以及颗粒或物质从被损坏的电池单体的单体壳体输送到电池壳体的容纳空间或壳体内部空间中。
电池壳体具有壳体壁,所述壳体壁例如可以构造成壳体下部或者说壳体底部和壳体上部或者说壳体盖。电池壳体例如由钢构成。在所述壳体壁的至少一个壳体壁中设置有除气单元,该除气单元同样可以具有至少一个除气元件、例如爆裂膜片和/或阀。当热气体在至少一个电池单体的故障情况之后聚集在容纳空间中时,所述热气体可以经由除气单元从容纳空间中逸出,以防止点燃牵引电池的其它电池单体。尤其是,除气单元具有多个除气元件,这些除气元件设置在所述至少一个壳体壁中。例如,除气单元可以对于每个电池单体具有一个除气元件。除气单元的除气元件例如可以与电池单体的相应除气元件对齐地设置,从而热气体能够经由除气单元的除气元件从单体壳体被引导到除气空间中。但热气体由于其高温不直接被导出到周围环境中,而是事先被冷却,从而能够防止热气体在周围空气处点燃并且因此防止在电池壳体的外部形成火焰。
为了冷却从容纳空间中排出的热气体,牵引电池具有除气收集器。该除气收集器具有除气空间,该除气空间设置在容纳空间外部并且具有界限部。第一界限部由具有除气单元的壳体壁构成并且将容纳空间与除气空间分开。第二界限部由热屏蔽部构成,该热屏蔽部将除气空间与机动车的周围环境分开。在此,热屏蔽部例如可以通过可展开的悬挂装置固定在壳体壁上。所述悬挂装置在此可以与热屏蔽部一体式地构造。热屏蔽部在此尤其是刚性的、非柔性的板,该板与具有除气单元的壳体壁重叠地设置。在此,热屏蔽部的面积优选对应于壳体壁的面积的至少90%。亦即,热屏蔽部绝大部分覆盖壳体壁并且尤其是设置成平行于壳体壁。在没有故障情况时,热屏蔽部设置成与壳体壁相距第一间距、例如贴靠在壳体壁上。在此,侧面的悬挂装置折叠并且除气空间未膨胀。在没有故障情况时,除气收集器因此特别节省空间地构造。一旦出现故障情况并且热气体经由除气单元从容纳空间中流出,由热气体引起的压力将热屏蔽部压离壳体壁,从而使热屏蔽部设置成与壳体壁相距比第一间距更大的第二间距。在压离时,侧面的悬挂装置展开。通过这种在壳体壁与热屏蔽部之间的间距的增加,除气空间膨胀或增大,以便能够容纳热气体。
优选地,具有除气单元的壳体壁是壳体底部,该壳体底部在牵引电池于机动车中的按照规定的安装位置中朝向用于机动车的车道,其中,所述热屏蔽部能够通过热气体被向下朝向车道的方向推离。在此,该热屏蔽部可以是牵引电池的一部分、例如电池壳体的一部分,或者构造成车辆部件、例如车身部件,其例如附加地用作用于牵引电池的电池壳体的底部防护装置或者说车底保护装置。
因此,从容纳空间中排出的、通过热气体输送的物质被引导到除气空间中,其中,热屏蔽部和/或电池壳体用作蓄热器并且冷却从容纳空间中排出的物质。由于热屏蔽部至少部分地、优选完全由导热材料(例如铝)构成,该热屏蔽部设计用于将通过电池单体的热气体局部地引入到除气空间中的热量分布在除气空间中并且因此更快地冷却该热气体。通过将热量分布在除气空间的体积上,能够有利地防止在除气收集器处局部过热,并且能够限制被放出到牵引电池的周围环境中的物质的温度。在此可以规定,机动车的其它车身元件构成除气空间的界限部,从而通过所述其它车身元件增大除气空间并且因此增大用于冷却热气体的冷却路径。
在本发明的一个进一步改进方案中,在除气空间中设置有耐热的隔热件,尤其是云母和/或陶瓷纸。为了改善保护以防局部过热,除气空间的界限部可以至少部分地设有耐热的隔热件。
替代地或附加地,在除气空间中设置有通过热气体的热而发泡的材料、尤其是隔热漆。该发泡的材料可以将除气空间的倾向于过热的区域分离并且因此将从容纳空间中逸出的物质引导到除气空间的能够继续吸收热量的区域中。
在本发明的一个有利实施形式中,在除气空间中设置有阻燃剂、尤其是氢氧化镁和/或氢氧化铝。作为隔热件的替代或补充,该阻燃剂可以设置在容纳空间的界限部上、例如也设置在除气单元的除气元件上。该阻燃剂在热作用时具有吸热反应,由此限制了机动车的相邻构件的最大温度负荷。
在另一个有利的实施方式中,除气空间的至少一个界限部具有排出口,所述排出口用于通过将热气体从除气空间中排出到牵引电池的周围环境中来降低压力。所述排出口例如可以在除气空间的未膨胀状态下封闭并且通过使除气空间膨胀而被释放。例如,热屏蔽部和/或悬挂装置可以具有所述排出口,该排出口例如构造成热屏蔽部中的至少一个开口。特别优选地,在除气空间中设置有通过热气体的热而发泡的材料,该材料设计用于在发泡状态下至少暂时地封闭所述排出口,以防止热排出到周围环境中。所述材料例如可以仅在预定的持续时间内、例如只要热气体超过温度阈值就关闭排出口并且在所述持续时间之后又释放排出口。所述持续时间例如可以通过发泡材料的量来调节。尤其是,排出口在除气空间膨胀时打开一段预定的时间段并且在该时间段后通过发泡材料封闭。
亦即,排出口在开始将热气体引入到除气空间中时是打开的,以避免在打开除气单元时的第一压力冲击。通过在过热时借助发泡材料受控制地封闭排出口,能够降低排出到周围环境中的物质的温度。已被证明有利的是,阻燃剂或吸热材料与发泡材料组合,其中,阻燃剂设计用于,为了在预定的时间段上保持排出口打开而延缓发泡材料的发泡。亦即,阻燃剂确保排出口保持打开预定的时间段,以便减少第一压力冲击。
此外,本发明还涉及一种具有至少一个根据本发明的牵引电池的机动车。该机动车是可电驱动的机动车,其中,牵引电池设置在机动车的底板的区域中并且热屏蔽部朝向机动车的车道。
参考根据本发明的牵引电池介绍的实施方式及其优点对应地适用于根据本发明的机动车。
本发明的其它特征由权利要求书、附图以及附图说明得出。以上在说明中提到的特征和特征组合以及以下在附图说明中提到的和/或仅在附图中仅示出的特征和特征组合不仅能够以相应给出的组合、而且也能够以其它的组合或者单独地应用。
附图说明
现在借助优选实施例以及参考附图更详细地解释本发明。在附图中:
图1示出牵引电池的第一个实施方式的示意图;以及
图2示出牵引电池的第二个实施方式的示意图。
具体实施方式
在附图中,相同的以及功能相同的元件设有相同的附图标记。
图1和图2示出用于可电驱动的机动车的牵引电池1的实施方式。牵引电池1具有带有多个电池单体3的单体复合体2,所述电池单体例如构造成圆形单体。单体复合体2设置在牵引电池1的电池壳体5的容纳空间4中。电池壳体5具有多个壳体壁6,这些壳体壁限定容纳空间4。这些壳体壁6中的一个(在此为壳体底部7)具有除气单元8,该除气单元在此具有多个除气元件9。在此,每个电池单体3配设有一个除气元件9,该除气元件例如可以构造成爆裂元件。为了构成爆裂元件,壳体底部具有多个开口,这些开口被爆裂膜片遮盖。在故障情况下,当所述电池单体3中的至少一个电池单体排出热气体时,爆裂膜片撕破并且热气体可以经由释放的开口从容纳空间4中逸出。
为了防止由于热气体引起到牵引电池1的周围环境10中的热输入,牵引电池1具有除气收集器11,该除气收集器设计用于在除气空间12中容纳经由除气单元8从容纳空间4中释放的热气体并且在那里将其冷却。除气空间12在此由壳体底部7以及热屏蔽部13限定。在此,热屏蔽部13能够通过将热气体施加到热屏蔽部13上的压力而被朝向下推离壳体底部7,从而除气空间12通过热气体增大。
热屏蔽部13由导热材料(例如铝)构成并且设计用于将通过热气体输送到除气空间12中的热分布在除气空间12的整个表面上。在一个有利的实施方式中,电池壳体5的壳体壁6和热屏蔽部13在它们的机械设计中这样确定尺寸,使得它们一起吸收作用到电池壳体5上的力。
热屏蔽部13还具有带有多个开口15的排出口14,这些开口能够实现除气空间12与周围环境10之间的气体交换。指向除气空间12的壳体壁6(在此为壳体底部7)、包括除气元件9在内的牵引电池1以及热屏蔽部13设有用于防止局部过热的隔热件16。在一个特别有利的实施方式中,隔热件16包含在受热时吸热反应的材料、即阻燃剂,并且该隔热件这样确定尺寸,使得在所属的电池单体3的热事件以及与此相关的热气体排出的情况下确保除气元件9打开。
与开口15相距足够间距地施加在加热作用时发泡的材料17,该材料在过度的热作用下封闭开口15并且防止热的气流逸出到周围环境10中。在一个有利的实施方式中,在加热作用时发泡的材料17的量这样确定,使得所形成的封闭在过压下受控制地屈服并且引起受控制的压力降低。
在此,牵引电池1设置在机动车的车辆部件18上、例如车身部件上。在此,在车辆部件18的区域与牵引电池1之间形成的空隙19可以一起被用于冷却热气体。为此,由除气空间12以及空隙19形成冷却路径。由此,以有利的方式延长了通过热气体运输的颗粒的路径。因此能够进一步改善热屏蔽部13的作用。如在图2中所示,车辆部件18的与空隙19邻接的区域也可以设有隔热件16。根据图2中的实施例,热屏蔽部13附加地承担用于牵引电池的车底保护装置20的功能。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于机动车的牵引电池(1),该牵引电池具有:
-多个电池单体(3),
-带有多个壳体壁(6)的电池壳体(5),所述壳体壁包围用于容纳电池单体(3)的容纳空间(4)并且其中至少一个壳体壁(6)具有用于将所述电池单体(3)中的至少一个电池单体的热气体从容纳空间(4)中排出的除气单元(8),以及
-设置在容纳空间(4)外部的具有除气空间(12)的除气收集器(11),所述除气空间为了容纳从容纳空间(4)中释放的热气体而能够通过该热气体膨胀,
其特征在于,所述除气空间(12)由电池壳体(5)的具有除气单元(8)的所述至少一个壳体壁(6)以及板状的、能至少部分地导热的热屏蔽部(13)限定,其中,所述热屏蔽部(13)相对于所述壳体壁(6)可线性移动地支承,所述热屏蔽部能够通过热气体而被推离壳体壁(6)以使除气空间(12)膨胀,并且所述热屏蔽部设计用于通过使由热气体运输的热量分布在除气空间(12)中来冷却所述热气体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的牵引电池(1),其特征在于,具有除气单元(8)的壳体壁(6)是壳体底部(7),所述壳体底部在牵引电池(1)于机动车中的按照规定的安装位置中朝向用于机动车的车道,其中,所述热屏蔽部(13)能够通过热气体向下朝向车道的方向被推离。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的牵引电池(1),其特征在于,所述热屏蔽部(13)至少部分地由铝构成。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的牵引电池(1),其特征在于,在所述除气空间(12)中设置有耐热的隔热件(16),尤其是云母和/或陶瓷纸。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的牵引电池(1),其特征在于,在所述除气空间(12)中设置有通过热气体的热而发泡的材料(17)、尤其是隔热漆。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的牵引电池(1),其特征在于,在所述除气空间(12)中设置有阻燃剂、尤其是氢氧化镁和/或氢氧化铝。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的牵引电池(1),其特征在于,所述除气空间(12)的至少一个界限部具有排出口(14),所述排出口用于通过将热气体从除气空间(12)中排出到牵引电池(1)的周围环境(10)中来降低压力。
8.根据权利要求7所述的牵引电池(1),其特征在于,在所述除气空间(12)中设置有通过热气体的热而发泡的材料(17),该材料设计用于在发泡状态下至少暂时地封闭所述排出口(14),以防止热排出到周围环境(10)中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的牵引电池(1),其特征在于,所述排出口(14)在除气空间(12)膨胀时打开一段预定的时间段并且在所述时间段之后能够通过发泡的材料(17)封闭。
10.机动车,该机动车具有根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的牵引电池(1)。
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