CN114924044A - Mango root growth monitoring method - Google Patents
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 235000014826 Mangifera indica Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 235000004936 Bromus mango Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 235000009184 Spondias indica Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 240000007228 Mangifera indica Species 0.000 title description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 168
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 241001093152 Mangifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 52
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000249058 Anthracothorax Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008636 plant growth process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring mango root growth, which comprises the following steps: drawing a region to be monitored at the root of a main stem of a mango plant to be monitored, setting at least 3 soil drilling points in the region to be monitored, obtaining root hairs in soil of the soil drilling points, judging the growth state of the root hairs according to the state of the root hairs, measuring the content of growth elements of the root hairs, and further judging the growth state of a plant root system according to the content of fertility elements in the root hairs. The method for monitoring the growth of the root system of the mango can timely monitor whether the fertility factor in the root system of the mango plant reaches the standard, so that the state of the root system or the state of soil where the root system is located can be timely adjusted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant root system monitoring, and particularly relates to a mango root system growth monitoring method.
Background
The root system is the root of the plant growth, not only can vertically fix the plant body in the soil, but also can lay a foundation for the upward growth of the plant body, and simultaneously, the root system is also an important way for transporting and storing nutrients and water for the plant body. Therefore, in order to better cultivate plants with strong plants, a large number of flowers or fruits, the nutrient and the moisture content stored in the root system in the plant growth process can be monitored, so that the required growth elements can be provided for the growth of the plants in a more targeted manner.
The root system of the mango plant comprises a main root, a lateral root and a fibrous root, wherein the main root and the lateral root are frameworks of the mango root system, so that the mango root system can transport and store nutrients and water, and can support and fix the mango plant, so that the mango plant can stably grow; the fibrous roots are distributed at the tail ends of the lateral roots, so that the fibrous roots are large in quantity and strong in vitality and are mainly used for absorbing water and nutrients, and meanwhile, the fibrous roots can convert the absorbed water and nutrients into nutrient substances required by plants, so that the content of the fertility elements in the fibrous roots can be fed back to the growth state of the plants to a certain degree. However, because the mango is a deep root system plant, the root system can grow to several meters or even dozens of meters, and the root system of the mango plant is difficult to monitor by using the existing incubator.
Therefore, a method for monitoring the growth of mango root system, which can monitor the fertility factor in the mango root system during the growth process of mango and does not influence the continuous growth of mango, is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to solve at least the above drawbacks and to provide advantages as will be explained later.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a method for monitoring mango root growth, comprising: the method comprises the steps that a to-be-monitored area is arranged at the root of a to-be-monitored mango plant trunk, the to-be-monitored area is a circular ring, the root of the trunk serves as the center of a circle, the inner diameter of the circular ring is 1.5-2 times of the diameter of a crown of the to-be-monitored plant, and the outer diameter of the circular ring is larger than the inner diameter of 15-35 cm.
The soil drilling method comprises the following steps: setting at least 3 soil drilling points in a region to be tested, drilling 35-45 cm of soil vertically downwards at the soil drilling points, checking whether root hairs are entrained in the soil, collecting the root hairs if the root hairs are entrained, and determining the fertility element content; and if all the soil drilling points have no root hair, continuously drilling the soil vertically downwards from the original soil drilling points until the soil of at least one soil drilling point carries the root hair, wherein the depth of the soil drilling each time is 10-25 cm.
The judgment method comprises the following steps: when the rotten root hair in the obtained root hair is more than or equal to 10% of the total amount of the root hair, judging that the growth state of the root system is unqualified; and when the rotten root hair in the obtained root hair is less than 10 percent of the total amount of the root hair, and the content of at least one fertility element in the root hair is more than or equal to 0.8 time of the content required by the corresponding fertility element in the growth period of the plant, judging that the growth state of the root system is qualified.
Wherein the monitoring time is 5-15 days away from the last fertilization time of the plants.
According to the scheme, firstly, a circle of area to be monitored is arranged at the root of the mango plant, a soil drilling point is arranged in the area to collect the root hair of the mango plant, and whether the root system of the mango plant contains nutrients required by the current growth period or not is calculated according to the state of the root hair of the mango and the content condition of the fertility elements in the root hair of the mango.
Secondly, the monitoring time is 5-15 days away from the last fertilization time of the plant, and the fertility element content of the root system of the plant is monitored in time after the plant is fertilized so as to feed back the absorption capacity of the root system to nutrients, thereby calculating the growth state of the root system.
In addition, in the process of monitoring the root system of the mango plant, on the basis of the soil drilling depth of 35-45 cm, soil is drilled downwards step by step at the depth of 10-25 cm to obtain root hairs, namely, the root hairs at the shallowest position below the position of a soil drilling point are used as a monitoring object for detection, and the damage to the plant root system due to the fact that the soil is drilled downwards too deeply at one time can be effectively avoided.
Preferably, at least three regions to be monitored are arranged, and a plurality of regions to be monitored are arranged into concentric rings; wherein the inner diameter of the first monitoring area is 1.5-2 times of the diameter of the crown of the plant to be detected, and the outer diameter is 15-35 cm larger than the inner diameter; the inner diameter of the second monitoring area is the outer diameter of the first monitoring area, and the outer diameter is 15-35 cm larger than the inner diameter; the outer diameter of the third monitoring area is the inner diameter of the first monitoring area, and the inner diameter is 15-35 cm smaller than the outer diameter.
The soil drilling method comprises the following steps: during monitoring, the root hairs collected in the first monitoring area are detected, and when the content of new roots in the root hairs is more than 50%, the root hairs obtained in the first monitoring area are used for executing the judging method; when the content of new roots in the root hairs is less than 50%, setting soil drilling points in the second monitoring area for collecting the root hairs, and executing the judging method by using the root hairs obtained in the second monitoring area; and when the depth of the drilled soil in the first monitoring area reaches 1 meter and no root hair exists in the soil, setting soil drilling points in a third monitoring area to collect the root hair, and executing the judging method by using the root hair obtained in the third monitoring area.
Among the above-mentioned scheme, through at the inside and outside concentric annular detection zone that sets up of first detection zone to the regional position of monitoring is in time adjusted according to the root hair condition that the collection obtained, thereby can be faster monitor the state of plant root system.
Preferably, the soil sampler is adopted for soil drilling sampling at the soil drilling point; wherein the diameter of the soil sampler extending into the soil is 15-20 cm.
Preferably, the determination of the fertility element content specifically comprises the determination of organic matter content, quick-acting nitrogen content, quick-acting potassium content and quick-acting phosphorus content; the growth period comprises a germination period, a flower forcing period, a bud period, a fruit strengthening period and a buffering period.
Wherein the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plant in the germination stage are respectively as follows: 38g/kg, 155mg/kg, 25mg/kg, 220 mg/kg; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plants in the flowering promoting period are respectively as follows: 36g/kg, 155mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 220 mg/kg; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plants in the bud stage are respectively as follows: 36g/kg, 145mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 190 mg/kg; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plants in the fruit-strengthening period are respectively as follows: 36g/kg, 155mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 220 mg/kg; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by plants in the buffering period are respectively as follows: 32g/kg, 155mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 220 mg/kg.
Preferably, any two earth drilling points are disconnected, and the distance is more than 5 cm.
In the above-mentioned scheme, will bore soil point evenly distributed as far as and treat the monitoring area to can follow more directions of more angles and will detect to the plant root system collection that growth distributes all around, and then feed back the growth state of plant root system.
Preferably, when the depth of the soil drilled in the vertical downward direction of the soil drilling point arranged in the third monitoring area reaches 65 cm and no root hair exists in the obtained soil, the soil is drilled in an inclined manner towards the trunk direction of the plant, the included angle between the inclined direction and the vertical direction is 25-45 degrees, the depth of the drilled soil is 20-40 cm, and the judgment method is executed by the root hair obtained by inclined soil drilling.
In the above-mentioned scheme, in time adjust the angle of boring soil sampling according to the soil condition that the detection zone was gathered and is obtained to the concrete position of soil sample collection has been adjusted, from the mango plant promptly all around to carrying out the collection of soil sample step by step to the plant trunk, with reduce as far as possible and monitor the root system of plant more fast under the prerequisite of injury to mango plant root system.
Preferably, the method for monitoring the growth of the mango root system further comprises the following steps: processing the unqualified plants; and (4) carrying out secondary monitoring on unqualified plants 7-10 days after the treatment is finished, treating according to a secondary monitoring result, and repeatedly monitoring and treating until the root system is recovered to be normal. And (4) repeatedly monitoring the qualified plants, wherein the time interval of repeated monitoring is 10-15 days.
In order to better achieve the technical effects of the present invention, the above scheme further includes the following technical details, and the processing method includes: when the rotten root hair in the obtained root hair is more than or equal to 10% of the total amount of the total root hair, vertically and downwards digging soil in an area where the rotten root hair is located until the depth of the area is consistent with the depth of a soil drilling point, cutting the rotten part in the exposed root system, and sterilizing the root system of the plant; when the rotten root hair in the obtained root hair is less than 10% of the total amount of the total root hair, and the content of the fertility elements in the root hair is less than 0.8 times of the content required by the corresponding fertility element in the growth period of the plant, continuously drilling 5-10 cm of soil vertically downwards at the soil drilling point, collecting the soil, and determining the content of the fertility elements; if the content of any fertility element in the soil is greater than or equal to the content required by the corresponding fertility element in the growth period of the plant, adjusting the pH value of the soil to 6-6.5 and the soil humidity to 60% -70%; and if the content of the fertility elements in the soil is less than the content required by the corresponding fertility elements in the growth period of the plant, supplementing according to the fertility elements required by the growth period of the plant.
When the content of the fertility elements of the root hairs of the mango plant is detected, the soil at the position of the detected root hairs can be synchronously monitored to obtain the fertility degree of the soil where the root system is located, and the fertility degree of the soil is compared with the content of the fertility elements of the root hairs, so that the reason that the content of the fertility elements of the root hairs is low is calculated, and a reference is provided for improving the state of the root system and improving the soil environment.
The invention has the advantages that:
firstly, the mango root system growth monitoring method is characterized in that a circle of area to be monitored is arranged at the root of a mango plant, a soil drilling point is arranged in the area to collect the root hair of the mango plant, and whether the root system of the mango plant contains the nutrients required by the current growth period is calculated according to the state of the root hair of the mango and the content condition of the fertility elements in the root hair of the mango.
Secondly, the monitoring time in the mango root growth monitoring method is 5-15 days away from the last fertilization time of the plant, and the fertility element content of the root system of the plant is monitored in time after the plant is fertilized so as to feed back the nutrient absorption capacity of the root system, thereby calculating the growth state of the root system.
In the method for monitoring the growth of the mango root system, the depth of the drilled soil is 35-45 cm as a basis, and the depth of 10-25 cm is gradually drilled downwards to obtain the root hair, namely the root hair at the shallowest position below the position of the drilled soil point is used as a monitoring object for detection, so that the damage to the plant root system caused by the fact that the soil is drilled downwards too deeply at one time can be effectively avoided.
In addition, the mango root growth monitoring method provided by the invention has the advantages that the concentric annular detection areas are arranged inside and outside the first detection area, so that the positions of the monitored areas can be timely adjusted according to the collected root condition, and the state of the plant root can be rapidly monitored.
In addition, in the mango root growth monitoring method, the drilling soil points are uniformly distributed in the area to be monitored as much as possible, so that the plant roots growing and distributed around can be collected from more angles and more directions for detection, and the growth state of the plant roots is fed back.
In addition, in the mango root growth monitoring method, the soil drilling and sampling angle is adjusted in time according to the soil condition acquired by the detection area, so that the specific position of soil sample acquisition is adjusted, namely, the soil sample acquisition is carried out from the periphery of a mango plant to the trunk of the plant step by step, and the root of the plant is monitored more quickly on the premise of reducing the injury to the root of the mango plant as much as possible.
In addition, in the mango root system growth monitoring method, while the content of the fertility element of the root hair of the mango plant is detected, the soil at the position of the detected root hair can be synchronously monitored to obtain the fertility degree of the soil where the root system is located, and the fertility degree of the soil is compared with the content of the fertility element of the root hair, so that the reason that the content of the fertility element of the root hair is lower is calculated, and a reference is provided for improving the state of the root system and improving the soil environment.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials described therein are commercially available unless otherwise specified; in the description of the present invention, the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
A method for monitoring mango root growth comprises the following steps:
step one, drawing a region to be monitored at the root of a trunk of a mango plant to be monitored 5-15 days after fertilization, wherein the region to be monitored is a circular ring, the root of the trunk is taken as the center of a circle, the inner diameter of the circular ring is 1.5-2 times of the diameter of a crown of the plant to be monitored, and the outer diameter of the circular ring is larger than the inner diameter of 15-35 cm.
And step two, setting 3 soil drilling points in the area to be tested, drilling 35-45 cm of soil vertically downwards at the soil drilling points, checking whether root hairs are entrained in the soil, collecting the root hairs if the root hairs are entrained, and determining the fertility element content.
Step three, if no root hair appears on all the soil drilling points, continuously drilling the soil vertically downwards at the positions of all the soil drilling points in the step two for a depth of 10-25 cm, checking whether the soil of the soil drilling points carries the root hair or not, and if the soil carries the root hair, completing the soil drilling and collecting the root hair carried in the soil to measure the fertility factor content; and if no root hair appears, repeatedly drilling the soil vertically downwards to a depth of 10-25 cm until the root hair is entrained in the soil of at least one soil drilling point.
Step four, counting the state of the root hairs, and judging that the growth state of the root system is unqualified when the rotten root hairs in the obtained root hairs are more than or equal to 10% of the total amount of the total root hairs; when the rotten root hair in the obtained root hair is less than 10% of the total amount of the root hair, further judging according to the content of the fertility elements in the root hair, and when the content of at least one fertility element in the root hair is more than or equal to 0.8 times of the content of the fertility element corresponding to the growth period of the plant, judging that the growth state of the root system is qualified; and if the content of the fertility elements in the root hairs is less than 0.8 times of the content required by the corresponding fertility element in the growth period of the plant, judging that the growth state of the root system is unqualified.
Step five, processing unqualified plants to be monitored:
and when the rotten root hair in the obtained root hair is more than or equal to 10% of the total amount of the root hair, vertically and downwards digging the soil in the area where the rotten root hair is located until the depth of the rotten root hair is consistent with the depth of the soil drilling point, cutting the rotten part in the exposed root system, and sterilizing the root system of the plant.
When the decayed root hairs in the obtained root hairs are less than 10 percent of the total amount of the total root hairs and the content of the fertility elements in the root hairs is less than 0.8 times of the content required by the fertility elements corresponding to the plant in the growing period, continuously drilling 5-10 cm of soil downwards at the soil drilling point, and measuring the content of the fertility elements; if the content of any fertility element in the soil is greater than or equal to the content required by the corresponding fertility element in the growth period of the plant, adjusting the pH value of the soil to 6-6.5 and the soil humidity to 60% -70%; and if the content of the fertility elements in the soil is less than the content required by the corresponding fertility elements in the growth period of the plant, supplementing according to the fertility elements required by the growth period of the plant.
And (4) for the plants with unqualified root systems, carrying out secondary monitoring on the unqualified plants 7-10 days after the treatment of the fifth step, and carrying out corresponding treatment by the method of the fifth step according to the monitoring result. And monitoring the plants with qualified root growth states once every 10-15 days.
Specifically, a soil sampler is adopted for soil drilling sampling at a soil drilling point; wherein the diameter of the cross section of the soil sampler is 15-20 cm. The distance between any two adjacent earth drilling points is equal or the distance difference is less than 5 cm.
The growth period comprises a germination period, a flower forcing period, a bud period, a fruit strengthening period and a buffering period, and the determination of the fertility element content specifically comprises the determination of the organic matter content, the quick-acting nitrogen content, the quick-acting potassium content and the quick-acting phosphorus content; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plant in the germination stage are respectively as follows: 38g/kg, 155mg/kg, 25mg/kg, 220 mg/kg; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plants in the flowering promoting period are respectively as follows: 36g/kg, 155mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 220 mg/kg; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plants in the bud stage are respectively as follows: 36g/kg, 145mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 190 mg/kg; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plants in the fruit strengthening period are respectively as follows: 36g/kg, 155mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 220 mg/kg; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by plants in the buffer period are respectively as follows: 32g/kg, 155mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 220 mg/kg.
Example 2
A method for monitoring the growth of a mango root system comprises the following steps:
step one, drawing a first monitoring area at the root of a trunk of a mango plant to be monitored 5-15 days after fertilization, wherein the first monitoring area is a circular ring which takes the root of the trunk as a circle center, the inner diameter of the circular ring is 1.5-2 times of the diameter of a crown of the plant to be monitored, and the outer diameter of the circular ring is larger than the inner diameter of the circular ring by 15-35 cm.
Step two, setting 3 soil drilling points in the first monitoring area, drilling 35-45 cm of soil vertically downwards at the soil drilling points, checking whether root hairs are entrained in the soil or not, completing the soil drilling work in the first monitoring area if the root hairs are entrained, and collecting and counting the number of the root hairs; if all the soil drilling points do not have root hairs, continuously drilling the soil vertically downwards at the positions of all the soil drilling points by the depth of 10-25 cm, checking whether the soil of the soil drilling points carries the root hairs or not, if all the soil drilling points do not have the root hairs, repeatedly drilling the soil vertically downwards by the depth of 10-25 cm, checking whether the soil of the soil drilling points carries the root hairs or not, and when the soil drilling depth reaches 95 cm, completing the soil drilling work of the first monitoring area if no root hairs exist.
And when the rotten root hair in the obtained root hair is more than or equal to 10 percent of the total amount of the root hair, judging that the growth state of the root system is unqualified.
When the putrefactive root hair in the obtained root hair is less than 10% of the total amount of the root hair, continuously counting the content of new roots in the root hair, when the content of the new roots in the root hair is more than 50%, measuring the content of fertility elements in the root hair, and when the content of at least one fertility element in the root hair is more than or equal to 0.8 times of the content required by the corresponding fertility element in the growth period of the plant, judging that the growth state of the root system is qualified; and if the content of the fertility elements in the root hairs is less than 0.8 times of the content required by the corresponding fertility element in the growth period of the plant, judging that the growth state of the root system is unqualified.
And step three, when the content of new roots in the root hairs obtained in the first monitoring area is less than 50%, drawing a second monitoring area. The inner diameter of the second monitoring area is the outer diameter of the first monitoring area, and the outer diameter is larger than the inner diameter by 15-35 cm.
And 3 soil drilling points are arranged in the second monitoring area, soil drilling work in the second area is carried out by the method in the second step until the root hair is obtained, and judgment is carried out by the root hair obtained in the second area.
And step four, drawing a third monitoring area when the root hairs are not obtained after the soil drilling work of the first monitoring area is completed. The outer diameter of the third monitoring area is the inner diameter of the first monitoring area, and the inner diameter is 15-35 cm smaller than the outer diameter.
And 3 soil drilling points are arranged in the third monitoring area, soil drilling operation in the third monitoring area is carried out by the method in the second step until root hairs are obtained, and judgment is carried out by the root hairs obtained in the third monitoring area.
And when the depth of the drilled soil in the third monitoring area reaches 65-80 cm and no root hair is obtained, changing the angle of the drilled soil, inclining the drilled soil towards the trunk direction of the plant, wherein the included angle between the inclination direction and the vertical direction is 25-45 degrees, the depth of the drilled soil is 20-40 cm, and judging the root hair obtained by inclining the drilled soil most backwards.
Step five, processing unqualified plants to be monitored:
and when the rotten root hair in the obtained root hair is more than or equal to 10% of the total amount of the root hair, vertically and downwards digging the soil in the area where the rotten root hair is located until the depth of the rotten root hair is consistent with the depth of the soil drilling point, cutting the rotten part in the exposed root system, and sterilizing the root system of the plant.
When the rotten root hair in the obtained root hair is less than 10% of the total amount of the total root hair, and the content of the fertility elements in the root hair is less than 0.8 times of the content required by the corresponding fertility element in the growth period of the plant, continuously drilling 5-10 cm of soil vertically downwards at the soil drilling point, collecting the soil, and determining the content of the fertility elements; if the content of any fertility element in the soil is greater than or equal to the content required by the corresponding fertility element in the growth period of the plant, adjusting the pH value of the soil to 6-6.5 and the soil humidity to 60% -70%; and if the content of the fertility elements in the soil is less than the content required by the corresponding fertility elements in the growth period of the plant, supplementing according to the fertility elements required by the growth period of the plant.
And (5) for the plants with unqualified root systems, carrying out secondary monitoring on the unqualified plants 7-10 days after the treatment of the fifth step is finished, and carrying out corresponding treatment by the method of the fifth step according to the monitoring result. And monitoring the plants with qualified root growth states once every 10-15 days.
Specifically, a soil sampler is adopted for soil drilling sampling at a soil drilling point; wherein the diameter of the cross section of the soil sampler is 15-20 cm. The distance between any two adjacent earth drilling points is equal or the distance difference is less than 5 cm.
The growth period comprises a germination period, a flowering promoting period, a bud period, a fruit strengthening period and a buffering period, and the determination of the fertility element content specifically comprises the determination of organic matter content, quick-acting nitrogen content, quick-acting potassium content and quick-acting phosphorus content; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plant in the germination stage are respectively as follows: 38g/kg, 155mg/kg, 25mg/kg, 220 mg/kg; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plants in the flowering promoting period are respectively as follows: 36g/kg, 155mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 220 mg/kg; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plants in the bud stage are respectively as follows: 36g/kg, 145mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 190 mg/kg; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plants in the fruit-strengthening period are respectively as follows: 36g/kg, 155mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 220 mg/kg; the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by plants in the buffering period are respectively as follows: 32g/kg, 155mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 220 mg/kg.
And (3) monitoring and testing:
monitoring time: 10-2021 and 9 months in 2020.
Monitoring the object: 150 mango trees with similar crown widths in the same area of a mango base in different colors are all 5 years old, and the plant varieties are all Guiqi mango; the plants to be monitored were randomly divided into 3 groups, the 1 st group was monitored and treated for root system using the monitoring method of example 1, the 2 nd group was monitored and treated for root system using the monitoring method of example 2, the 3 rd group was a control group, and each group had 50 mango trees.
Planting conditions are as follows: the plants of 3 groups are all applied with base fertilizer in 10-month middle 2020, and the fertilizing amount of each plant is 0.2 kg of urea and 0.2 kg of potassium chloride. And (3) performing secondary fertilization when the final tip of the mango plant turns green, wherein the fertilization amount of a single plant is 0.5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 35 kg of fermented chicken manure. And (3) at the end of 11 months in 2020, flower forcing and fertilization are carried out on mango plants, and the fertilizing amount of each plant is 0.2 kg of urea and 0.2 kg of potassium chloride. And (3) starting the fourth fertilization when buds appear on the last-stage treetop of the mango plant in 1-month middle of 2021, wherein the fertilization amount of each plant is 0.1 kg of urea. In middle of 4 months of 2021, the fertilizer is applied for the fifth time, and the fertilizer application amount of each plant is 0.4 kg of urea and 0.3 kg of potassium chloride. The fertilization specifically comprises the following steps: two parallel fertilizing furrows are symmetrically dug at the outer side of dripping water of a plant crown, the depth of each fertilizing furrow is 65 cm, the length of each fertilizing furrow is 20 cm, and the width of each fertilizing furrow is 20 cm. Wherein, for the group 1 and the group 2, the monitoring methods of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 are respectively used for monitoring and processing on the basis of the planting conditions, and the plants with qualified root system growth state during the monitoring period are respectively marked as the group 1-1 and the group 2-1 in the monitoring process; after the unqualified root system appears, the plants are treated and the qualified root systems are monitored for the second time and are respectively marked as the 1 st to 2 nd groups and the 2 nd to 2 nd groups; the plants which are still unqualified after the unqualified root system is treated are respectively marked as the 1 st to 3 rd groups and the 2 nd to 3 rd groups.
And (3) harvesting conditions: all the plants are harvested 15-20 days at 8 months in 2021, all mangoes born by the plants are harvested, and fruits with the fruit size of more than 10 cm, the width of more than 5 cm and the thickness of more than 5.5 cm are classified as big fruits according to the fruit conditions after harvesting; the fruits with the fruit length less than 3 cm or the fruit weight less than 80 g are classified as abnormal fruits, and the rest are common fruits. And (3) respectively carrying out primary root monitoring on 150 mango trees of the monitored object 1 day before harvesting, and dividing the 3 rd component of the mango trees of the 3 rd group of control groups into a 3 rd-1 rd group with qualified root systems and a 3 rd-2 nd group with unqualified root systems according to the root system state. And recording the fruiting condition and the root condition of each group of mango plants.
Monitoring and harvesting conditions of each group:
groups 1-1: the total weight of the mango is 1230.95 kg, the average weight of the single strains is 35.17 kg, the total weight of the big fruit is 552.66 kg, the average weight of the big fruit single strains is 15.79 kg, the total weight of the abnormal fruit is 69.68, and the average weight of the abnormal fruit single strains is 1.99 kg; the root system status was qualified 1 day before harvest.
Groups 1-2: 12 strains in total, wherein the total weight of the mangoes is as follows: 417.13 kg, the weight of each plant is: 34.76 kg of the total weight of the big fruits is 179.05 kg, the average weight of the single big fruit plants is 14.92 kg, the total weight of the abnormal fruit is 27.72 kg, and the average weight of the single abnormal fruit plants is 2.31 kg; the root system status was qualified 1 day before harvest.
Groups 1 to 3: 1 strain in total, wherein the total weight of the mango is 26.3 kg, the weight of the big fruit is 3.2 kg, and the weight of the abnormal fruit is 2.68 kg; rotten root hairs in the root hairs 1 day before harvesting are less than 10% of the total root hairs.
Group 2-1: total 37 mango plants, 1302.78 kg of total weight of mango, 35.21 kg of average weight of single mango plant, 586.1 kg of total weight of big fruit, 15.84 kg of average weight of single big fruit plant, 76.2 kg of total weight of abnormal fruit and 2.06 kg of average weight of abnormal fruit plant; the root system status was qualified 1 day before harvest.
Groups 2-2: 13 strains in total, wherein the total weight of the mangos is as follows: 441.39 kg, the weight of each plant is: 33.95 kg, wherein the total weight of the big fruits is 195.27 kg, the average weight of the single big fruit plants is 15.02 kg, the total weight of the abnormal fruits is 30.82 kg, and the average weight of the single abnormal fruit plants is 2.37 kg; the root system status was qualified 1 day before harvest.
Groups 3 to 3: and 0 strain in total.
Group 3-1: total 31 mango strains, total mango yield of 1075.39 kg, average single mango strain weight of 34.69 kg, total big fruit weight of 467.48 kg, average big fruit single strain weight of 15.08 kg, total abnormal fruit weight of 61.2 kg and average abnormal fruit single strain weight of 1.97 kg; the root system status was qualified 1 day before harvest.
Group 3-2: 19 in total, wherein 8 of the 8 mango plants are more than 10 percent of rotten root hairs in the root hairs, the total weight of the 8 mango plants is 131.14 kg, the average weight of the individual plants is 16.39 kg, the total weight of the big fruit is 12.73 kg, the average weight of the individual plants of the big fruit is 1.59 kg, the total weight of the abnormal fruit is 31.78 kg, and the average weight of the individual plants of the abnormal fruit is 3.97 kg; the total weight of 11 mango plants is 246.95 kg, the average weight of each plant is 22.45 kg, the total weight of big fruit is 26.07 kg, the average weight of each plant is 2.37 kg, the total weight of teratocarpus is 37.51 kg, and the average weight of each teratocarpus is 3.41 kg.
From the data, the data of the 1 st-1 st group and the 1 st-2 nd group are compared or the data of the 2 nd-1 st group and the 2 nd-2 nd group are compared, and the problem that fruits are malformed due to unhealthy root systems can be timely reduced by timely and targeted processing after the root systems are found to be unqualified through monitoring, so that the fruit yield of mango plants can be better ensured, and the number of large fruits in the fruits can be increased.
Comparing the data of the 1-2 group and the 3-2 group or comparing the data of the 2-2 group and the 3-2 group, wherein the average weight of the single plants and the average weight of the big fruit single plants in the 1-2 group and the 2-2 group are both larger than those in the 3-2 group, and the average weight of the big fruit single plants in the 1-2 group and the 2-2 group is smaller than that in the 3-2 group, so that the root systems of the plants are not monitored in the planting process of the 3-2 group, the planting environment and the root system state of the plants are not adjusted in time, the health state of the root systems is greatly influenced, and more big fruits and less big fruits are contained in the plants with unhealthy root systems.
In conclusion, the method can timely acquire the growth state of the root system and perform targeted treatment by monitoring the root system, and can better ensure the fruiting quantity of mango plants and improve the fruit quality compared with the conventional method for regularly and quantitatively fertilizing the mango plants in mango planting management.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended that they be limited to the applications set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the specific details described herein, without departing from the general concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The mango root growth monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
arranging a region to be monitored at the root of a mango plant to be monitored, wherein the region to be monitored is a circular ring taking the root of a trunk as the center of a circle, the inner diameter of the circular ring is 1.5-2 times of the diameter of a crown of the plant to be monitored, and the outer diameter of the circular ring is 15-35 cm larger than the inner diameter of the circular ring;
the soil drilling method comprises the following steps:
setting at least 3 soil drilling points in a region to be tested, drilling 35-45 cm of soil vertically downwards at the soil drilling points, checking whether root hairs are entrained in the soil, collecting the root hairs if the root hairs are entrained, and determining the fertility element content;
if all the soil drilling points have no root hair, continuously drilling the soil vertically downwards at the original soil drilling points until the root hair is entrained in the soil of at least one soil drilling point, wherein the depth of the soil drilling each time is 10-25 cm;
the judgment method comprises the following steps:
when the rotten root hair in the obtained root hair is more than or equal to 10% of the total amount of the root hair, judging that the growth state of the root system is unqualified;
when the putrefactive root hair in the obtained root hair is less than 10 percent of the total amount of the root hair and the content of at least one fertility element in the root hair is more than or equal to 0.8 times of the content required by the corresponding fertility element in the growth period of the plant, judging the growth state of the root system to be qualified;
wherein the monitoring time is 5-15 days from the last fertilization time of the plant.
2. The method for monitoring the growth of the mango root system according to claim 1, wherein at least three regions to be monitored are provided, and a plurality of regions to be monitored are provided as concentric rings;
wherein the inner diameter of the first monitoring area is 1.5-2 times of the diameter of the crown of the plant to be detected, and the outer diameter is 15-35 cm larger than the inner diameter; the inner diameter of the second monitoring area is the outer diameter of the first monitoring area, and the outer diameter is 15-35 cm larger than the inner diameter; the outer diameter of the third monitoring area is the inner diameter of the first monitoring area, and the inner diameter is 15-35 cm smaller than the outer diameter;
the soil drilling method comprises the following steps:
during monitoring, the root hairs collected in the first monitoring area are detected, and when the content of new roots in the root hairs is more than 50%, the root hairs obtained in the first monitoring area are used for executing the judging method; when the content of new roots in the root hairs is less than 50%, setting soil drilling points in the second monitoring area for collecting the root hairs, and executing the judging method by using the root hairs obtained in the second monitoring area;
and when the depth of the drilled soil in the first monitoring area reaches 1 meter and no root hair exists in the soil, setting a soil drilling point in the third monitoring area to collect the root hair, and executing the judging method by using the root hair obtained in the third monitoring area.
3. The method for monitoring the growth of the root system of the mango as claimed in claim 1, wherein a soil sampler is used for soil drilling sampling at a soil drilling point; wherein the diameter of the cross section of the soil sampler is 15-20 cm.
4. The method for monitoring the root growth of the mangoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the determination of the content of the fertility factor specifically comprises determination of organic matter content, quick-acting nitrogen content, quick-acting potassium content and quick-acting phosphorus content;
the growth period comprises a germination period, a flower forcing period, a bud period, a fruit strengthening period and a buffering period;
wherein the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plant in the germination stage are respectively as follows: 38g/kg, 155mg/kg, 25mg/kg, 220 mg/kg;
the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plants in the flowering promoting period are respectively as follows: 36g/kg, 155mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 220 mg/kg;
the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plants in the bud stage are respectively as follows: 36g/kg, 145mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 190 mg/kg;
the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by the plants in the fruit strengthening period are respectively as follows: 36g/kg, 155mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 220 mg/kg;
the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus required by plants in the buffering period are respectively as follows: 32g/kg, 155mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 220 mg/kg.
5. A mango root growth monitoring method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein any two earth drilling points are not connected and are spaced apart by more than 5 cm.
6. The mango root growth monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein when the soil drilling point provided in the third monitoring area drills soil vertically downwards to a depth of 65-80 cm and no root hair is left in the obtained soil, the soil drilling point is inclined towards the trunk direction of the plant, an included angle between the inclined direction and the vertical direction is 25-45 degrees, the soil drilling depth is 20-40 cm, and the determination method is performed by the root hair obtained by inclined soil drilling.
7. The method of monitoring mango root growth according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring further comprises: processing the plants which are not monitored:
when the rotten root hair in the obtained root hair is more than or equal to 10% of the total amount of the total root hair, vertically and downwards digging soil in an area where the rotten root hair is located until the depth of the area is consistent with the depth of a soil drilling point, cutting the rotten part in the exposed root system, and sterilizing the root system of the plant;
when the rotten root hair in the obtained root hair is less than 10% of the total amount of the total root hair, and the content of the fertility elements in the root hair is less than 0.8 times of the content required by the corresponding fertility element in the growth period of the plant, continuously drilling 5-10 cm of soil vertically downwards at the soil drilling point, collecting the soil, and determining the content of the fertility elements; if the content of any fertility element in the soil is greater than or equal to the content required by the corresponding fertility element in the growth period of the plant, adjusting the pH value of the soil to 6-6.5 and the soil humidity to 60% -70%; if the content of the fertility elements in the soil is less than the content required by the corresponding fertility element in the growth period of the plant, supplementing according to the fertility element required by the growth period of the plant;
carrying out secondary monitoring on unqualified plants 7-10 days after the treatment is finished for the unqualified plants with unqualified root systems, and carrying out corresponding treatment according to the monitoring result; and monitoring the plants with qualified root growth states once every 10-15 days.
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